EP1351549B1 - Pressure gradient microphone capsule - Google Patents

Pressure gradient microphone capsule Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1351549B1
EP1351549B1 EP03450026A EP03450026A EP1351549B1 EP 1351549 B1 EP1351549 B1 EP 1351549B1 EP 03450026 A EP03450026 A EP 03450026A EP 03450026 A EP03450026 A EP 03450026A EP 1351549 B1 EP1351549 B1 EP 1351549B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
capsule
membrane
sound
microphone capsule
microphone
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EP03450026A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1351549A2 (en
EP1351549A3 (en
Inventor
Richard Pribyl
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AKG Acoustics GmbH
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AKG Acoustics GmbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/32—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only
    • H04R1/34—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by using a single transducer with sound reflecting, diffracting, directing or guiding means
    • H04R1/38—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by using a single transducer with sound reflecting, diffracting, directing or guiding means in which sound waves act upon both sides of a diaphragm and incorporating acoustic phase-shifting means, e.g. pressure-gradient microphone
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R19/00—Electrostatic transducers
    • H04R19/04—Microphones

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrostatic pressure gradient - microphone capsule for substantially flush installation in or behind built-in surfaces with a two sound inlet openings having capsule housing, held on a membrane ring taut membrane and an electrode, wherein a sound inlet opening acoustically conductive with the front side of the membrane and the other sound inlet opening is conductively connected to the back of the membrane.
  • the EP 0 276 996 A2 discloses a microphone capsule for a telephone handset with circularly symmetrically arranged sound inlet openings, wherein arranged in the center region sound entry leads to the front of the membrane and the peripherally arranged sound inlet openings lead to the rear side of the membrane.
  • This arrangement inevitably results in a directional characteristic, the maximum sensitivity normal to the membrane is directed upward.
  • The. Sealing effect of such an arrangement is, however, weak and must be additionally improved with an upwardly projecting funnel, which shadows the sound inlet openings in the center area of the peripheral sound inlet openings. It is with this arrangement an installation in flush consoles and the like. not only not possible, but also not useful, because the directional characteristic is not designed for such applications.
  • Electrostatic transducers for microphones have, independent of their physical operation, a membrane which is exposed to the sound field and is excited by it to vibrate.
  • the subject of the invention is thus an electrostatic microphone.
  • the electrodes of the electrostatic transducer are an elastic clamped membrane and a rigid electrode, which is usually called only electrode. Both form a capacitor whose electrical capacity changes due to pressure fluctuations of the sound field. Since an electric field is built up between the electrodes of the electrostatic transducer, it is possible to convert the capacitance changes of the transducer into electrical voltage changes with the aid of a downstream amplifier.
  • the electroacoustic properties of electrostatic microphone capsules are mainly dependent on the type of acoustic excitation of the membrane.
  • the so-called pressure and, on the other hand, the so-called pressure gradient receivers are known.
  • the membrane of the former is exposed to the sound field only in one direction (the so-called frontal direction), so they only react to changes in air pressure due to the sound waves. Since the air pressure is a scalar, so constructed microphones have a spherical directivity.
  • So constructed microphones have due to the differences in transit time of the sound waves to the front and to the rear of a directional characteristic, which can adopt by proper acoustic tuning of the microphone capsule, almost any shape between figure-shaped and kidney-shaped directional characteristics.
  • Fig. 1 shows an electrostatic microphone capsule according to the prior art. It has a front sound inlet opening 11 and a rear sound opening 12.
  • Such a microphone capsule for example, in the AT 251668 B disclosed.
  • Fig. 2 shows the usual mounting situation of a, according to the prior art, working according to the electrostatic principle microphone capsule. In order to make both sound entry openings necessary for the function of the capsule accessible to the sound, it must be installed in the installation surface instead of as desired.
  • the invention has set itself the task of creating a microphone capsule, which operates on the electrostatic principle and is constructed as an electroacoustic transducer according to the pressure gradient principle, which can be integrated into a flat surface without optical interference or acoustic compromises and thereby a low overall height has and is easy and inexpensive to manufacture.
  • these objectives are achieved in that the two sound entry openings are arranged on one side of the capsule housing, the front side and the membrane plane at least substantially parallel to the mounting surface and that the direction in which the sensitivity of the microphone capsule is greatest, substantially parallel to the mounting surface is.
  • Fig. 1 a pressure gradient capsule according to the prior art
  • Fig. 2 the installation situation of the capsule according to Fig. 1
  • the Fig. 3 a Druckgradientenkapsel invention in the installed state
  • the Fig. 4 an example of an achievable directional characteristic.
  • a pressure gradient capsule has the following schematic structure: A membrane 1 is prestressed and glued on a membrane ring 2. It is brought by means of a Distanzinges 3 of an electrode 4 to a distance of about 10 to 60 microns and forms together with her a capacitor. The electrode 4 is provided with holes. On the side facing away from the membrane 1 of the electrode, a so-called acoustic friction 5 is provided.
  • the acoustic friction 5 usually has a plastic ring whose Opening with a porous material (metal mesh, sintered material, plastic or natural fiber) is covered. The acoustic friction 5 is used for the acoustic tuning of the microphone capsule.
  • This structure corresponds in principle to the prior art.
  • the capsule is housed according to the invention in a capsule housing 6.
  • the capsule housing 6 is closed on its upper side, the front side 11, with a lid.
  • the front side 11 has at least two sound openings, wherein an opening, the front opening 7, the access of the sound waves allowed to the front side of the diaphragm 1 and the second opening, the rear opening 8, via a leading past the mounting parts of the capsule sound channel 9, consisting from sections or areas 9a, 9b and 9c, the access of the sound waves to the rear side of the membrane 1 allowed.
  • the sound channel 9 can replace or supplement the acoustic friction 5, as indicated by the area 9c, but in the interior of the sound channel 9 its own sound friction, for example in the area 9b, be provided. Such acoustic friction in the sound channel 9 can be accommodated either at its beginning, in the vicinity of the rear opening 8, or in sections or even in the entire region of the sound channel.
  • the objectives of the invention are achieved in that the capsule in planes parallel to the membrane 1 has a larger cross-section than the diaphragm ring 2 and that the remaining surface is used to provide within the capsule a sound channel, namely the sound channel 9a, 9b, 9c , the "around the membrane” to the back of the unit "membrane - lead electrode. Since the diameter of the membrane ring 2 is significantly greater than the height of the unit “membrane - electrode” including rings and friction, it is possible by the invention to produce much flatter pressure gradient microphone than hitherto, and with significantly reduced manufacturing costs, since the assembly in A train on the same machines as before is possible, since only the capsule housing has a slightly different shape.
  • the erfindungsgcmäßc microphone capsule can be installed according to their design so that the surface of the capsule housing 6 is flush with the mounting surface 10 and thereby optically inconspicuous.
  • the capsule is installed directed, so that the front opening 7 of the réellenchmenden sound source is closer than the rear opening 8 is.
  • the microphone capsule is acoustically tuned so that its directional characteristic has its maximum sensitivity in the presumed direction of the speaker. This ensures that the directional characteristic is positioned parallel to the mounting plane 10, which makes it possible to hide interference signals from other directions.
  • the capsule can be connected by means of press fit, by gluing, by screws, bolts, etc. solvable or fixed to the mounting surface.
  • the electrical contact is not shown, in the knowledge of the invention, this represents no difficulty for the expert.
  • the overall height can be further reduced.
  • the capsule housing may be oval in cross-section normal to the membrane plane or formed of two semicircles with a rectangular central part and so support the circular components of the actual transducer over a substantial part of the circumference. If you choose another form, it is also possible to connect these components for themselves and store together in the capsule housing, but this is advised because of the larger footprint and extra effort only in special cases.
  • the storage or mounting of the actual components, namely the friction, the electrode and the diaphragm ring is in the Fig. 3 not shown in detail, it can be done by a shoulder or more console-like structures that protrude from the inner circumferential surface of the capsule housing 6 inwardly, the parts are formed cantilevered in the adjacent to the sound channel 9 area, it can also knobs, webs, Surveys od.dergl. projecting from the bottom of the Kapscigephaseuses 6 (indicated in the area 9b of the sound channel) and the friction or support the electrode.
  • Fig. 4 shows an achievable with the present invention directivity, indicated by the dashed line 13.
  • An inventively designed transducer is mounted with its capsule housing 6 flush (flush) in the mounting surface 10, the middle of the two only indicated sound inlet openings 7, 8 are in the plane.
  • the arrow P essentially indicates the direction in which the sensitivity of the built-in microphone is greatest. For example, if this corresponds to the direction of the head of the driver when installed in a vehicle, it is readily apparent that the microphone is sound from the direction of the passenger, arrow N, from the most likely background noise come, barely transmits, although the capsule is flat and inconspicuous behind the mounting surface 10.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Electrostatic, Electromagnetic, Magneto- Strictive, And Variable-Resistance Transducers (AREA)
  • Details Of Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine elektrostatische Druckgradienten - Mikrofonkapsel zum im wesentlichen bündigen Einbau in oder hinter Einbauoberflächen mit einem zwei Schalleintrittsöffnungen aufweisenden Kapselgehäuse, einer auf einem Membranring gespannt gehaltenen Membrane und einer Elektrode, wobei eine Schalleintrittsöffnung akustisch leitend mit der Frontseite der Membrane und die andere Schalleintrittsöffnung akustisch leitend mit der Rückseite der Membrane verbunden ist.The invention relates to an electrostatic pressure gradient - microphone capsule for substantially flush installation in or behind built-in surfaces with a two sound inlet openings having capsule housing, held on a membrane ring taut membrane and an electrode, wherein a sound inlet opening acoustically conductive with the front side of the membrane and the other sound inlet opening is conductively connected to the back of the membrane.

Die EP 0 276 996 A2 offenbart eine Mikrophonkapsel für einen Telefon-Handapparat mit kreissymmetrisch angeordneten Schalleintrittsöffnungen, wobei die im Zentrumsbereich angeordneten Schalleintrittsötnungen, zur Vorderseite der Membran führen und die peripher angeordneten Schalleintrittsöffnungen zur Hinterseite der Membran führen. Diese Anordnung ergibt zwangsläufig eine Richtcharakteristik, ceren maximale Empfindlichkeit normal zur Membran nach oben gerichtet ist. Die. Dichtwirkung einer derartigen Anordnung ist jedoch schwach und muss zusätzlich mit einem nach oben ragenden Trichter, der die Schalleintrittsöffnungen im Zentrumsbereich von den peripheren Schalleintrittsöffnungen abschattet, verbessert werden. Es ist mit dieser Anordnung ein Einbau in bündige Konsolen u.dgl. nicht nur nicht möglich, sondern auch nicht sinnvoll, weil auch die Richtcharakteristik für derartige Anwendungen nicht ausgelegt ist.The EP 0 276 996 A2 discloses a microphone capsule for a telephone handset with circularly symmetrically arranged sound inlet openings, wherein arranged in the center region sound entry leads to the front of the membrane and the peripherally arranged sound inlet openings lead to the rear side of the membrane. This arrangement inevitably results in a directional characteristic, the maximum sensitivity normal to the membrane is directed upward. The. Sealing effect of such an arrangement is, however, weak and must be additionally improved with an upwardly projecting funnel, which shadows the sound inlet openings in the center area of the peripheral sound inlet openings. It is with this arrangement an installation in flush consoles and the like. not only not possible, but also not useful, because the directional characteristic is not designed for such applications.

Elektrostatische Wandler für Mikrofone weisen, unabhängig vor ihrer physikalischen Arbeitsweise, eine Membrane auf, die dem Schallfeld ausgesetz: ist und von ihm zu Schwingungen angeregt wird. Der Gegenstand der Erfindung ist somit ein elektrostatisches Mikrofon.Electrostatic transducers for microphones have, independent of their physical operation, a membrane which is exposed to the sound field and is excited by it to vibrate. The subject of the invention is thus an electrostatic microphone.

Die Elektroden des elektrostatischen Wandlers sind eine elastische gespannt gehaltene Membrane und eine starre Elektrode, die meist nur Elektrode genannt wird. Beide bilden einen Kondensator, dessen elektrische Kapazität sich durch Druckschwankungen des Schallfeldes verändert. Da zwischen den Elektroden des elektrostatischen Wandlers ein elektrisches Feld aufgebaut ist, ist es möglich, die Kapazitätsänderungen des Wandlers mit Hilfe eines nachgeschalteten Verstärkers in elektrischen Spannungsänderungen umzuwandeln.The electrodes of the electrostatic transducer are an elastic clamped membrane and a rigid electrode, which is usually called only electrode. Both form a capacitor whose electrical capacity changes due to pressure fluctuations of the sound field. Since an electric field is built up between the electrodes of the electrostatic transducer, it is possible to convert the capacitance changes of the transducer into electrical voltage changes with the aid of a downstream amplifier.

Die elektroakustischen Eigenschaften von elektrostatischen Mikrofonkapseln sind hauptsächlich von der Art der akustischen Anregung der Membrane abhängig. Im Stand der Technik sind einerseits die sogenannten Druck- und andererseits die sogenannten Druckgradientenempfänger bekannt. Die Membrane der Ersteren wird nur in einer Richtung (der sogenannten Frontrichtung) dem Schallfeld ausgesetzt, sie reagieren daher nur auf die Änderungen des Luftdruckes zufolge der Schallwellen. Da der Luftdruck ein Skalar ist, haben so aufgebaute Mikrofone eine kugelförmige Richtwirkung. Bei einem Druckgradientenempfänger wird die Membrane aus beiden Richtungen dem Schallfeld aussetzt, sie wird daher vom jeweils momentan herrschenden Druckgradienten zwischen der vorderen und der hinteren Seite der Membrane zur Bewegung angeregt. So aufgebaute Mikrofone weisen aufgrund der Laufzeitunterschiede der Schallwellen zur Vorderseite und zur Hinterseite eine Richtcharakteristik auf, die durch richtige akustische Abstimmung der Mikrofonkapsel, fast jede beliebige Form zwischen achterförmigen und nierenförmigen Richtcharakteristiken annehmen kann.The electroacoustic properties of electrostatic microphone capsules are mainly dependent on the type of acoustic excitation of the membrane. In the prior art, on the one hand, the so-called pressure and, on the other hand, the so-called pressure gradient receivers are known. The membrane of the former is exposed to the sound field only in one direction (the so-called frontal direction), so they only react to changes in air pressure due to the sound waves. Since the air pressure is a scalar, so constructed microphones have a spherical directivity. In a Druckgradientenempfänger the membrane is exposed to the sound field from both directions, it is therefore excited by the currently prevailing pressure gradient between the front and the rear side of the membrane to move. So constructed microphones have due to the differences in transit time of the sound waves to the front and to the rear of a directional characteristic, which can adopt by proper acoustic tuning of the microphone capsule, almost any shape between figure-shaped and kidney-shaped directional characteristics.

Bis jetzt wurden Druckgradienten-Mikrofonkapseln so gebaut, dass die vordere und die hintere Seite der Membrane übereinstimmend mit der vorderen und hinteren Schallöffnung angeordnet war. Das bedeutet, dass solche Mikrofonkapseln eine axialsymmetrische Richtcharakteristik ausgeprägt haben. Die Fig. 1 zeigt eine elektrostatische Mikrofonkapsel gemäß dem Stand der Technik. Sie weist eine vordere Schalleintrittsöffnung 11 und eine hintere Schalleintnttsöfnung 12 auf. Eine derartige Mikrophonkapsel wird beispielsweise auch in der AT 251668 B offenbart.So far, pressure-gradient microphone capsules have been designed so that the front and rear sides of the diaphragm are aligned with the front and rear sound ports. This means that such microphone capsules have developed an axisymmetric directional characteristic. The Fig. 1 shows an electrostatic microphone capsule according to the prior art. It has a front sound inlet opening 11 and a rear sound opening 12. Such a microphone capsule, for example, in the AT 251668 B disclosed.

Immer öfter wird bezüglich der Montage von Mikrofonkapseln gefordert, sie möglichst bündig in eine ebene und relativ große Oberfläche einzubauen. Dabei kann es sich um einen Dachhimmel eines Autos handeln, wenn eine Freisprecheinrichtung für ein Mobiltelefon oder eine andere Kommunikationseiruichtung im Fahrzeug vorgesehen werden soll. Mikrofonkapseln nach dem Stand der Technik sind aber nicht in der Lage, diese Bedingungen zu erfüllen und können nur sehr schwer, teuer und mit wesentlichen technischen Abstrichen in eine ebene Fläche eingebaut werden. Die Fig. 2 zeigt die übliche Montagesituation einer, dem Stand der Technik entsprechenden, nach elektrostatischem Prinzip arbeitenden Mikrofonkapsel. Um beide für die Funktion der Kapsel notwendige Schalleintrittsöfnungen dem Schall zugänglich zu machen, muß sie über, statt wie angestrebt, in die Einbaufläche eingebaut werden.With regard to the installation of microphone capsules, it is increasingly necessary to install them as flush as possible in a flat and relatively large surface. It may be a headliner of a car when a handsfree device for a mobile phone or other Kommunikationsseiruichtung is to be provided in the vehicle. However, prior art microphone capsules are incapable of meeting these conditions and can only be built into a flat surface with great difficulty, cost, and with significant technical drawbacks. The Fig. 2 shows the usual mounting situation of a, according to the prior art, working according to the electrostatic principle microphone capsule. In order to make both sound entry openings necessary for the function of the capsule accessible to the sound, it must be installed in the installation surface instead of as desired.

Aus der US 5,226,076 A ist es bekannt, eine Kapsel wie die in Fig. 2 dargestellte, in ein Gehäuse einzubauen, das an einer seiner Längswände zwei Sohallöffnungen, je eine zu beiden Seiten der Kapsel, aufweist. Dies ermöglicht es, das Gehäuse in bzw. hinter einer ebenen Einbaufläche anzuordnen. Nachteilig bei dieser Lösung ist die große Einbauhöhe bzw. -tiefe, da ja die Kapsel mit ihrer Symmetrieachse parallel zur Einbauebene liegt und dementsprechend hoch baut. Auch ist der Zusammenbau des Mikrofons samt seiner Kapsel mit seinem Gehäuse, das ja eigentlich einen völlig vom fertigen Mikrofon getrennten Zusatzteil darstellt, aufwendig und teuer.From the US 5,226,076 A It is known to have a capsule like the one in Fig. 2 shown, to be installed in a housing having on one of its longitudinal walls two Sohallöffnungen, one on each side of the capsule. This makes it possible to arrange the housing in or behind a flat mounting surface. A disadvantage of this solution is the large installation height or depth, since the capsule with its axis of symmetry is parallel to the installation level and accordingly builds high. Also, the assembly of the microphone, including its capsule with its housing, which actually represents a completely separated from the finished microphone additional part, consuming and expensive.

Reine nach dem Prinzip der Druckempfänger arbeitende Mikrofonkapseln mit nur einem Schalleintritt sind gemäß der Natur eines Druckempfängers problemlos in die Einbaufläche zu integrieren. Da sie aber eine kugelförmige Richtcharakteristik aufweisen, muß man dann auf die großen Vorteile einer Richtcharakteristik verzichten. Die Druckempfänger sind zufolge ihrer kugelförmigen Richtcharakteristik sowohl für Nutzals auch für Störschall gleichermaßen empfindlich. Dadurch finden sie in einer lauten Umgebung kaum eine Anwendung.Pure on the principle of pressure receiver working microphone capsules with only one sound entry are to integrate according to the nature of a pressure receiver easily in the mounting surface. But since they have a spherical directional characteristic, you have to do without the great advantages of a directional characteristic. The pressure receivers are due to their spherical directional characteristic for both Nutzals and for background noise equally sensitive. As a result, they hardly find an application in a noisy environment.

Die Erfindung hat sich als Aufgabe gesetzt, eine Mikrofonkapsel, die nach dem elektrostatischem Prinzip arbeitet und als ein elektroakustischer Wandler nach dem Druckgradientenprinzip aufgebaut ist, zu schaffen, die auch in eine ebene Fläche ohne optische Störungen oder akustische Kompromisse integrierbar ist und dabei eine geringe Bauhöhe aufweist und einfach und kostengünstig zu fertigen ist.The invention has set itself the task of creating a microphone capsule, which operates on the electrostatic principle and is constructed as an electroacoustic transducer according to the pressure gradient principle, which can be integrated into a flat surface without optical interference or acoustic compromises and thereby a low overall height has and is easy and inexpensive to manufacture.

Erfindungsgemäß werden diese Ziele dadurch erreicht, dass die beiden Schalleintrittsöffnungen auf einer Seite des Kapselgehäuses, der Frontseite, angeordnet sind und die Membranebene zumindest im wesentlichen parallel zur Einbauoberfläche verläuft und dass die Richtung, in der die Empfindlichkeit der Mikrofonkapsel am größten ist, im wesentlichen parallel zur Einbauoberfläche ist.According to the invention, these objectives are achieved in that the two sound entry openings are arranged on one side of the capsule housing, the front side and the membrane plane at least substantially parallel to the mounting surface and that the direction in which the sensitivity of the microphone capsule is greatest, substantially parallel to the mounting surface is.

Durch die Drehung der Ebene, in der die Membrane liegt und die Ausgestaltung der Kapsel mit den akustischen Verbindungen zwischen der jeweiligen Schalleintrittsöffnung und der zugehörigen Seite der Membran erzielt man zwei wesentliche Vorteile gegenüber der genannten US-A: Es wird es möglich, auf das Gehäuse zu verzichten und die Bauhöhe wird wesentlich verringert. In einer Ausgestaltung kann sogar auf die akustische Reibung verzichtet werden, wodurch nochmals an Kosten und Volumen gespart wird.By the rotation of the plane in which the membrane is located and the design of the capsule with the acoustic connections between the respective sound inlet opening and the associated side of the membrane to achieve two significant advantages over the aforementioned US-A: It is possible on the housing to dispense and the height is significantly reduced. In one embodiment can even be dispensed with the acoustic friction, which is again saved in cost and volume.

Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen enthalten.Preferred embodiments of the invention are contained in the subclaims.

Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden anhand der Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Dabei stellt wie bereits erwähnt,
die Fig. 1 eine Druckgradientenkapsel gemäß dem Stand der Technik dar,
die Fig. 2 die Einbausituation der Kapsel gemäß Fig. 1,
die Fig. 3 eine erfindungsgemäße Druckgradientenkapsel im eingebauten Zustand und
die Fig. 4 ein Beispiel einer erzielbaren Richtcharakteristik.The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings. As mentioned earlier,
the Fig. 1 a pressure gradient capsule according to the prior art,
the Fig. 2 the installation situation of the capsule according to Fig. 1 .
the Fig. 3 a Druckgradientenkapsel invention in the installed state and
the Fig. 4 an example of an achievable directional characteristic.

Wie aus Fig. 3 ersichtlich ist, weist eine erfindungsgemäße Druckgradientenkapsel den folgenden schematischen Aufbau auf: Eine Membrane 1 ist auf einem Membranring 2 vorgespannt und aufgeklebt. Sie ist mit Hilfe eines Distanzinges 3 von einer Elektrode 4 auf einen Abstand von etwa 10 bis 60 µm gebracht und bildet gemeinsam mit ihr einen Kondensator. Die Elektrode 4 ist mit Bohrungen versehen. Auf der der Membrane 1 abgewandten Seite der Elektrode ist eine sogenannte akustische Reibung 5 vorgesehen. Die akustische Reibung 5 weist üblicherweise einen Kunststoffring auf, dessen Öffnung mit einem porösen Material (Metallgittergewebe, Sintermaterial, Kunststoffgewebe oder Naturfaser) abgedeckt ist. Die akustische Reibung 5 dient der akustischen Abstimmung der Mikrofonkapsel. Dieser Aufbau entspricht prinzipiell dem Stand der Technik.How out Fig. 3 It can be seen that a pressure gradient capsule according to the invention has the following schematic structure: A membrane 1 is prestressed and glued on a membrane ring 2. It is brought by means of a Distanzinges 3 of an electrode 4 to a distance of about 10 to 60 microns and forms together with her a capacitor. The electrode 4 is provided with holes. On the side facing away from the membrane 1 of the electrode, a so-called acoustic friction 5 is provided. The acoustic friction 5 usually has a plastic ring whose Opening with a porous material (metal mesh, sintered material, plastic or natural fiber) is covered. The acoustic friction 5 is used for the acoustic tuning of the microphone capsule. This structure corresponds in principle to the prior art.

Die Kapsel ist erfindungsgemäß in einem Kapselgehäuse 6 untergebracht. Das Kapselgehäuse 6 ist auf seiner oberen Seite, der Frontseite 11, mit einem Deckel abgeschlossen. Die Frontseite 11 weist zumindest zwei Schallöffnungen auf, wobei eine Öffnung, die Vorderöffnung 7, den Zutritt der Schallwellen zur vorderen Seite der Membrane 1 erlaubt und die zweite Öffnung, die Hinteröffnung 8, über einen an den Einbauteilen der Kapsel vorbei führenden Schallkanal 9, bestehend aus Abschnitten bzw. Bereichen 9a, 9b und 9c, den Zutritt der Schallwellen zur hinteren Seite der Membrane 1 erlaubt. Der Schallkanal 9 kann die akustische Reibung 5 ersetzen oder ergänzen, wie durch den Bereich 9c angedeutet, dafür kann im Inneren des Schallkanals 9 eine eigene Schallreibung, beispielsweise im Bereich 9b, vorgesehen sein. Solche akustischen Reibungen im Schallkanal 9 können entweder an dessen Anfang, in der Nähe der Hinteröffnung 8, oder in Teilabschnitten oder auch im ganzen Bereich des Schallkanals untergebracht werden.The capsule is housed according to the invention in a capsule housing 6. The capsule housing 6 is closed on its upper side, the front side 11, with a lid. The front side 11 has at least two sound openings, wherein an opening, the front opening 7, the access of the sound waves allowed to the front side of the diaphragm 1 and the second opening, the rear opening 8, via a leading past the mounting parts of the capsule sound channel 9, consisting from sections or areas 9a, 9b and 9c, the access of the sound waves to the rear side of the membrane 1 allowed. The sound channel 9 can replace or supplement the acoustic friction 5, as indicated by the area 9c, but in the interior of the sound channel 9 its own sound friction, for example in the area 9b, be provided. Such acoustic friction in the sound channel 9 can be accommodated either at its beginning, in the vicinity of the rear opening 8, or in sections or even in the entire region of the sound channel.

Es werden somit die erfindungsgemäßen Ziele dadurch erreicht, dass die Kapsel in Ebenen parallel zur Membrane 1 einen größeren Querschnitt aufweist als der Membranring 2 und dass die verbleibende Fläche dazu genutzt wird, innerhalb der Kapsel einen Schallkanal, nämlich den Schallkanal 9a, 9b, 9c vorzusehen, der "um die Membrane herum" zur Rückseite der Einheit "Membrane - Elektrode" zu führen. Da der Durchmesser des Membranringes 2 deutlich größer ist als die Höhe der Einheit "Membrane - Elektrode" samt Ringen und Reibung, ist es durch die Erfindung möglich, deutlich flacher bauende Druckgradientenmikrofonc herzustellen als bisher, und das mit deutlich verringerten Herstellungskosten, da der Zusammenbau in einem Zug, auf den gleichen Maschinen wie bisher möglich ist, da ja nur das Kapselgehäuse eine etwas andere Form aufweist.Thus, the objectives of the invention are achieved in that the capsule in planes parallel to the membrane 1 has a larger cross-section than the diaphragm ring 2 and that the remaining surface is used to provide within the capsule a sound channel, namely the sound channel 9a, 9b, 9c , the "around the membrane" to the back of the unit "membrane - lead electrode. Since the diameter of the membrane ring 2 is significantly greater than the height of the unit "membrane - electrode" including rings and friction, it is possible by the invention to produce much flatter pressure gradient microphone than hitherto, and with significantly reduced manufacturing costs, since the assembly in A train on the same machines as before is possible, since only the capsule housing has a slightly different shape.

Die erfindungsgcmäßc Mikrofonkapsel kann zufolge ihrer Ausgestaltung so eingebaut werden, dass die Oberfläche des Kapselgehäuses 6 bündig mit der Einbauoberfläche 10 abschließt und dadurch optisch unauffällig ist. Die Kapsel ist dabei gerichtet eingebaut, so dass die Vorderöffnung 7 der aufzunchmenden Schallquelle näher ist als die Hinteröffnung 8 ist. Die Mikrofonkapsel ist akustisch so abgestimmt, dass ihre Richtcharakteristik ihre maximale Empfindlichkeit in der vermuteten Richtung des Sprechers aufweist. Damit erreicht man, dass die Richtcharakteristik parallel zur Einbauebene 10 positioniert ist, was es ermöglicht, Störsignale aus anderen Richtungen auszublenden.The erfindungsgcmäßc microphone capsule can be installed according to their design so that the surface of the capsule housing 6 is flush with the mounting surface 10 and thereby optically inconspicuous. The capsule is installed directed, so that the front opening 7 of the aufzunchmenden sound source is closer than the rear opening 8 is. The microphone capsule is acoustically tuned so that its directional characteristic has its maximum sensitivity in the presumed direction of the speaker. This ensures that the directional characteristic is positioned parallel to the mounting plane 10, which makes it possible to hide interference signals from other directions.

In Fig. 3 ist die Art der Montage nicht detailliert dargestellt, die Kapsel kann mittels Preßsitz, durch Verkleben, durch Schrauben, Bolzen etc. lösbar oder fix mit der Einbauoberfläche verbunden werden. Auch die elektrische Kontaktierung ist nicht dargestellt, in Kenntnis der Erfindung stellt dies für den Fachmann keine Schwierigkeit dar. Je nachdem, ob eine Reibung 5 vorgesehen ist oder nicht, kann die Bauhöhe weiter verringert werden.In Fig. 3 the type of assembly is not shown in detail, the capsule can be connected by means of press fit, by gluing, by screws, bolts, etc. solvable or fixed to the mounting surface. The electrical contact is not shown, in the knowledge of the invention, this represents no difficulty for the expert. Depending on whether a friction 5 is provided or not, the overall height can be further reduced.

Das Kapselgehäuse kann im Querschnitt normal zur Membranenebene oval oder aus zwei Halbkreisen mit rechteckigem Zentralteil ausgebildet sein und so die kreisrunden Bauteile des eigentlichen Wandlers über einen wesentlichen Teil des Umfanges stützen. Bei Wahl einer anderen Form ist es auch möglich, diese Bauteile für sich zu verbinden und gemeinsam im Kapselgehäuse zu lagern, doch ist dies wegen des größeren Platzbedarfes und des Mehraufwandes nur in Sonderfällen angeraten.The capsule housing may be oval in cross-section normal to the membrane plane or formed of two semicircles with a rectangular central part and so support the circular components of the actual transducer over a substantial part of the circumference. If you choose another form, it is also possible to connect these components for themselves and store together in the capsule housing, but this is advised because of the larger footprint and extra effort only in special cases.

Die Lagerung bzw. Halterung der eigentlichen Bauteile, nämlich der Reibung, der Elektrode und des Membranringes, ist in der Fig. 3 nicht detailliert dargestellt, sie kann durch eine Schulter oder mehrere konsolenartige Gebilde, die von der inneren Mantelfläche des Kapselgehäuses 6 nach innen ragen, erfolgen, wobei die Teile in dem an den Schallkanal 9 angrenzenden Bereich freitragend ausgebildet sind, es können auch Noppen, Stege, Erhebungen od.dergl. vom Boden des Kapscigehäuses 6 nach oben ragen (angedeutet im Bereich 9b des Schallkanals) und die Reibung bzw. die Elektrode stützen.The storage or mounting of the actual components, namely the friction, the electrode and the diaphragm ring is in the Fig. 3 not shown in detail, it can be done by a shoulder or more console-like structures that protrude from the inner circumferential surface of the capsule housing 6 inwardly, the parts are formed cantilevered in the adjacent to the sound channel 9 area, it can also knobs, webs, Surveys od.dergl. projecting from the bottom of the Kapscigehäuses 6 (indicated in the area 9b of the sound channel) and the friction or support the electrode.

Fig. 4 zeigt eine mit der Erfindung erzielbare Richtcharakteristik, angedeutet durch die strichlierte Linie 13. Ein erfindungsgemäß ausgebildeter Wandler ist mit seinem Kapselgehäuse 6 fluchtend (bündig) in der Einbauoberfläche 10 montiert, die Mitten der beiden nur angedeuteten Schalleintrittsöffnungen 7, 8 liegen in der Zeichenebene. Der Pfeil P gibt im wesentlichen die Richtung an, in der die Empfindlichkeit des eingebauten Mikrofons am größten ist. Wenn dies beim Einbau in einem Fahrzeug beispielsweise der Richtung zum Kopf des Fahrers entspricht, so ist leicht ersichtlich, dass das Mikrofon Schall aus der Richtung des Beifahrers, Pfeil N, aus der am ehesten Nebengeräusche kommen, kaum überträgt, obwohl die Kapsel flach und unscheinbar hinter der Einbauoberfläche 10 liegt. Fig. 4 shows an achievable with the present invention directivity, indicated by the dashed line 13. An inventively designed transducer is mounted with its capsule housing 6 flush (flush) in the mounting surface 10, the middle of the two only indicated sound inlet openings 7, 8 are in the plane. The arrow P essentially indicates the direction in which the sensitivity of the built-in microphone is greatest. For example, if this corresponds to the direction of the head of the driver when installed in a vehicle, it is readily apparent that the microphone is sound from the direction of the passenger, arrow N, from the most likely background noise come, barely transmits, although the capsule is flat and inconspicuous behind the mounting surface 10.

Es ist selbstverständlich möglich, die Einbauoberfläche 10 nur an den Stellen der Schalleintrittsöffnungen 7, 8 zu perforieren oder auf andere Weise zu durchbrechen und die Kapsel vollständig hinter dem Material der Einbauoberfläche 10 anzuordnen. Dies ist bei der Auslegung der Abmessungen der Kapsel und der akustischen Reibung entsprechend zu berücksichtigen, was aber für den Fachmann auf dem Gebiete der Akustik in Kenntnis der Erfindung keine Schwierigkeiten darstellt.It is of course possible to perforate the mounting surface 10 only at the locations of the sound inlet openings 7, 8 or to break through in any other way and to arrange the capsule completely behind the material of the mounting surface 10. This must be taken into account when designing the dimensions of the capsule and the acoustic friction, but this is not a problem for the expert in the field of acoustics with knowledge of the invention.

Als Materialien können alle bei üblichen elektroakustischen Wandlern verwendeten Materialien benutzt werden, auch die Bearbeitung und Montage ist mittels herkömmlicher Techniken für den Fachmann in Kenntnis der Erfindung leicht möglich.As materials, all materials used in conventional electroacoustic transducers can be used, also the processing and assembly is easily possible by means of conventional techniques for those skilled in the knowledge of the invention.

Claims (9)

  1. An electrostatic pressure-gradient microphone capsule for installation substantially flush in or behind installation surfaces (10) with a capsule housing (6) affording two sound entry openings (7, 8), a membrane (1) held taut on a membrane ring (2) and an electrode (4), wherein one sound entry opening (7) is connected acoustically conductively to the front side of the membrane (1) and the other sound entry opening (8) is connected acoustically conductively to the rear side of the membrane (1), characterised in that the two sound entry openings (7, 8) are arranged on one side of the capsule housing, the front side (11), and the membrane plane extends at least substantially parallel to the installation surface (10) and that the direction (P) in which the sensitivity of the microphone capsule is largest is substantially parallel to the installation surface (10).
  2. A microphone capsule as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the acoustically conductive connection between the rear side of the membrane (1) and the sound entry opening (8) associated with it is a sound passage (9a, 9b, 9c) in the interior of the capsule housing (6).
  3. A microphone capsule as claimed in claim 2, characterised in that provided in the interior of capsule housing (6) are projections, shoulders, lugs or notches which support the membrane ring (2) and the electrode (4).
  4. A microphone capsule as claimed in one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the microphone capsule includes an acoustic damper (5).
  5. A microphone capsule as claimed in claim 4, characterised in that the projections, shoulders, lugs or notches support the damper (5).
  6. A microphone capsule as claimed in one of claims 2 to 5, characterised in that the sound passage (9a, 9b, 9c) is constituted by the free space between the inner surface of the capsule housing (6) and the outer surface of the membrane ring (2) and the electrode (4).
  7. A microphone capsule as claimed in one of claims 2 to 5, characterised in that the sound passage (9a, 9b, 9c) is constituted by the free space between the inner surface of the capsule housing (6) and the outer surface of the membrane ring (2), the electrode (4) and the acoustic damper (5).
  8. A microphone capsule as claimed in one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that an acoustic damper is provided in the sound passage (9a, 9b, 9c).
  9. A microphone capsule as claimed in one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the sound entry openings (7, 8) are divided into sections.
EP03450026A 2002-02-26 2003-01-27 Pressure gradient microphone capsule Expired - Lifetime EP1351549B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT0029002A AT410741B (en) 2002-02-26 2002-02-26 Pressure gradient MICROPHONE CAPSULE
AT2902002 2002-05-07

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EP1351549A2 EP1351549A2 (en) 2003-10-08
EP1351549A3 EP1351549A3 (en) 2007-04-18
EP1351549B1 true EP1351549B1 (en) 2012-11-07

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EP (1) EP1351549B1 (en)
CN (1) CN100508647C (en)
AT (1) AT410741B (en)

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CN100508647C (en) 2009-07-01
ATA2902002A (en) 2002-11-15
EP1351549A2 (en) 2003-10-08
EP1351549A3 (en) 2007-04-18
CN1441621A (en) 2003-09-10
US20030165251A1 (en) 2003-09-04
US6885751B2 (en) 2005-04-26
AT410741B (en) 2003-07-25

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