EP1351549B1 - Capsule microphonique à gradient de pression - Google Patents

Capsule microphonique à gradient de pression Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1351549B1
EP1351549B1 EP03450026A EP03450026A EP1351549B1 EP 1351549 B1 EP1351549 B1 EP 1351549B1 EP 03450026 A EP03450026 A EP 03450026A EP 03450026 A EP03450026 A EP 03450026A EP 1351549 B1 EP1351549 B1 EP 1351549B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
capsule
membrane
sound
microphone capsule
microphone
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP03450026A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1351549A3 (fr
EP1351549A2 (fr
Inventor
Richard Pribyl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AKG Acoustics GmbH
Original Assignee
AKG Acoustics GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by AKG Acoustics GmbH filed Critical AKG Acoustics GmbH
Publication of EP1351549A2 publication Critical patent/EP1351549A2/fr
Publication of EP1351549A3 publication Critical patent/EP1351549A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1351549B1 publication Critical patent/EP1351549B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/32—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only
    • H04R1/34—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by using a single transducer with sound reflecting, diffracting, directing or guiding means
    • H04R1/38—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by using a single transducer with sound reflecting, diffracting, directing or guiding means in which sound waves act upon both sides of a diaphragm and incorporating acoustic phase-shifting means, e.g. pressure-gradient microphone
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R19/00—Electrostatic transducers
    • H04R19/04—Microphones

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrostatic pressure gradient - microphone capsule for substantially flush installation in or behind built-in surfaces with a two sound inlet openings having capsule housing, held on a membrane ring taut membrane and an electrode, wherein a sound inlet opening acoustically conductive with the front side of the membrane and the other sound inlet opening is conductively connected to the back of the membrane.
  • the EP 0 276 996 A2 discloses a microphone capsule for a telephone handset with circularly symmetrically arranged sound inlet openings, wherein arranged in the center region sound entry leads to the front of the membrane and the peripherally arranged sound inlet openings lead to the rear side of the membrane.
  • This arrangement inevitably results in a directional characteristic, the maximum sensitivity normal to the membrane is directed upward.
  • The. Sealing effect of such an arrangement is, however, weak and must be additionally improved with an upwardly projecting funnel, which shadows the sound inlet openings in the center area of the peripheral sound inlet openings. It is with this arrangement an installation in flush consoles and the like. not only not possible, but also not useful, because the directional characteristic is not designed for such applications.
  • Electrostatic transducers for microphones have, independent of their physical operation, a membrane which is exposed to the sound field and is excited by it to vibrate.
  • the subject of the invention is thus an electrostatic microphone.
  • the electrodes of the electrostatic transducer are an elastic clamped membrane and a rigid electrode, which is usually called only electrode. Both form a capacitor whose electrical capacity changes due to pressure fluctuations of the sound field. Since an electric field is built up between the electrodes of the electrostatic transducer, it is possible to convert the capacitance changes of the transducer into electrical voltage changes with the aid of a downstream amplifier.
  • the electroacoustic properties of electrostatic microphone capsules are mainly dependent on the type of acoustic excitation of the membrane.
  • the so-called pressure and, on the other hand, the so-called pressure gradient receivers are known.
  • the membrane of the former is exposed to the sound field only in one direction (the so-called frontal direction), so they only react to changes in air pressure due to the sound waves. Since the air pressure is a scalar, so constructed microphones have a spherical directivity.
  • So constructed microphones have due to the differences in transit time of the sound waves to the front and to the rear of a directional characteristic, which can adopt by proper acoustic tuning of the microphone capsule, almost any shape between figure-shaped and kidney-shaped directional characteristics.
  • Fig. 1 shows an electrostatic microphone capsule according to the prior art. It has a front sound inlet opening 11 and a rear sound opening 12.
  • Such a microphone capsule for example, in the AT 251668 B disclosed.
  • Fig. 2 shows the usual mounting situation of a, according to the prior art, working according to the electrostatic principle microphone capsule. In order to make both sound entry openings necessary for the function of the capsule accessible to the sound, it must be installed in the installation surface instead of as desired.
  • the invention has set itself the task of creating a microphone capsule, which operates on the electrostatic principle and is constructed as an electroacoustic transducer according to the pressure gradient principle, which can be integrated into a flat surface without optical interference or acoustic compromises and thereby a low overall height has and is easy and inexpensive to manufacture.
  • these objectives are achieved in that the two sound entry openings are arranged on one side of the capsule housing, the front side and the membrane plane at least substantially parallel to the mounting surface and that the direction in which the sensitivity of the microphone capsule is greatest, substantially parallel to the mounting surface is.
  • Fig. 1 a pressure gradient capsule according to the prior art
  • Fig. 2 the installation situation of the capsule according to Fig. 1
  • the Fig. 3 a Druckgradientenkapsel invention in the installed state
  • the Fig. 4 an example of an achievable directional characteristic.
  • a pressure gradient capsule has the following schematic structure: A membrane 1 is prestressed and glued on a membrane ring 2. It is brought by means of a Distanzinges 3 of an electrode 4 to a distance of about 10 to 60 microns and forms together with her a capacitor. The electrode 4 is provided with holes. On the side facing away from the membrane 1 of the electrode, a so-called acoustic friction 5 is provided.
  • the acoustic friction 5 usually has a plastic ring whose Opening with a porous material (metal mesh, sintered material, plastic or natural fiber) is covered. The acoustic friction 5 is used for the acoustic tuning of the microphone capsule.
  • This structure corresponds in principle to the prior art.
  • the capsule is housed according to the invention in a capsule housing 6.
  • the capsule housing 6 is closed on its upper side, the front side 11, with a lid.
  • the front side 11 has at least two sound openings, wherein an opening, the front opening 7, the access of the sound waves allowed to the front side of the diaphragm 1 and the second opening, the rear opening 8, via a leading past the mounting parts of the capsule sound channel 9, consisting from sections or areas 9a, 9b and 9c, the access of the sound waves to the rear side of the membrane 1 allowed.
  • the sound channel 9 can replace or supplement the acoustic friction 5, as indicated by the area 9c, but in the interior of the sound channel 9 its own sound friction, for example in the area 9b, be provided. Such acoustic friction in the sound channel 9 can be accommodated either at its beginning, in the vicinity of the rear opening 8, or in sections or even in the entire region of the sound channel.
  • the objectives of the invention are achieved in that the capsule in planes parallel to the membrane 1 has a larger cross-section than the diaphragm ring 2 and that the remaining surface is used to provide within the capsule a sound channel, namely the sound channel 9a, 9b, 9c , the "around the membrane” to the back of the unit "membrane - lead electrode. Since the diameter of the membrane ring 2 is significantly greater than the height of the unit “membrane - electrode” including rings and friction, it is possible by the invention to produce much flatter pressure gradient microphone than hitherto, and with significantly reduced manufacturing costs, since the assembly in A train on the same machines as before is possible, since only the capsule housing has a slightly different shape.
  • the erfindungsgcmäßc microphone capsule can be installed according to their design so that the surface of the capsule housing 6 is flush with the mounting surface 10 and thereby optically inconspicuous.
  • the capsule is installed directed, so that the front opening 7 of the réellenchmenden sound source is closer than the rear opening 8 is.
  • the microphone capsule is acoustically tuned so that its directional characteristic has its maximum sensitivity in the presumed direction of the speaker. This ensures that the directional characteristic is positioned parallel to the mounting plane 10, which makes it possible to hide interference signals from other directions.
  • the capsule can be connected by means of press fit, by gluing, by screws, bolts, etc. solvable or fixed to the mounting surface.
  • the electrical contact is not shown, in the knowledge of the invention, this represents no difficulty for the expert.
  • the overall height can be further reduced.
  • the capsule housing may be oval in cross-section normal to the membrane plane or formed of two semicircles with a rectangular central part and so support the circular components of the actual transducer over a substantial part of the circumference. If you choose another form, it is also possible to connect these components for themselves and store together in the capsule housing, but this is advised because of the larger footprint and extra effort only in special cases.
  • the storage or mounting of the actual components, namely the friction, the electrode and the diaphragm ring is in the Fig. 3 not shown in detail, it can be done by a shoulder or more console-like structures that protrude from the inner circumferential surface of the capsule housing 6 inwardly, the parts are formed cantilevered in the adjacent to the sound channel 9 area, it can also knobs, webs, Surveys od.dergl. projecting from the bottom of the Kapscigephaseuses 6 (indicated in the area 9b of the sound channel) and the friction or support the electrode.
  • Fig. 4 shows an achievable with the present invention directivity, indicated by the dashed line 13.
  • An inventively designed transducer is mounted with its capsule housing 6 flush (flush) in the mounting surface 10, the middle of the two only indicated sound inlet openings 7, 8 are in the plane.
  • the arrow P essentially indicates the direction in which the sensitivity of the built-in microphone is greatest. For example, if this corresponds to the direction of the head of the driver when installed in a vehicle, it is readily apparent that the microphone is sound from the direction of the passenger, arrow N, from the most likely background noise come, barely transmits, although the capsule is flat and inconspicuous behind the mounting surface 10.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Electrostatic, Electromagnetic, Magneto- Strictive, And Variable-Resistance Transducers (AREA)
  • Details Of Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Capsule microphonique électrostatique à gradient de pression pour le montage essentiellement affleurant dans des ou à l'arrière de surfaces de montage (10), comprenant un boîtier de capsule (6) comportant deux orifices d'entrée acoustique (7, 8), une membrane (1) maintenue sous tension sur un anneau de membrane (2), et une électrode (4), un orifice d'entrée acoustique (7) étant connecté de manière acoustiquement conductrice à la face frontale de la membrane (1), et l'autre orifice d'entrée acoustique (8) étant connecté de manière acoustiquement conductrice à la face arrière de la membrane (1), caractérisée en ce que les deux orifices d'entrée acoustique (7, 8) sont disposés sur une face du boîtier de capsule, la face frontale (11), et en ce que le plan de la membrane s'étend au moins essentiellement parallèlement à la surface de montage (10), et en ce que la direction (P) dans laquelle la sensibilité de la capsule microphonique est la plus grande est essentiellement parallèle à la surface de montage (10).
  2. Capsule microphonique selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que la connexion acoustiquement conductrice entre la face arrière de la membrane (1) et l'orifice d'entrée acoustique (8) qui lui est associé est un canal acoustique (9a, 9b, 9c) à l'intérieur du boîtier de capsule (6).
  3. Capsule microphonique selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que des saillies, épaules, nez ou encoches supportant l'anneau de membrane (2) et l'électrode (4) sont prévus à l'intérieur du boîtier de capsule (6).
  4. Capsule microphonique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce que la capsule microphonique comporte un élément de friction acoustique (5).
  5. Capsule microphonique selon la revendication 4, caractérisée en ce que les saillies, épaules, nez ou encoches supportent l'élément de friction (5).
  6. Capsule microphonique selon l'une des revendications 2 à 5, caractérisée en ce que le canal acoustique (9a, 9b, 9c) est constitué par l'espace libre entre la surface intérieure du boîtier de capsule (6) et la surface extérieure de l'anneau de membrane (2) et de l'électrode (4).
  7. Capsule microphonique selon l'une des revendications 2 à 5, caractérisée en ce que le canal acoustique (9a, 9b, 9c) est constitué par l'espace libre entre la surface intérieure du boîtier de capsule (6) et la surface extérieure de l'anneau de membrane (2), de l'électrode (4) et de l'élément de friction acoustique (5).
  8. Capsule microphonique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisée en ce qu'un élément de friction acoustique est prévue dans le canal acoustique (9a, 9b, 9c).
  9. Capsule microphonique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisée en ce que les orifices d'entrée acoustique (7, 8) sont subdivisés.
EP03450026A 2002-02-26 2003-01-27 Capsule microphonique à gradient de pression Expired - Lifetime EP1351549B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT2902002 2002-02-26
AT0029002A AT410741B (de) 2002-02-26 2002-02-26 Druckgradienten-mikrofonkapsel

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1351549A2 EP1351549A2 (fr) 2003-10-08
EP1351549A3 EP1351549A3 (fr) 2007-04-18
EP1351549B1 true EP1351549B1 (fr) 2012-11-07

Family

ID=3670931

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03450026A Expired - Lifetime EP1351549B1 (fr) 2002-02-26 2003-01-27 Capsule microphonique à gradient de pression

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US6885751B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1351549B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN100508647C (fr)
AT (1) AT410741B (fr)

Families Citing this family (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT410498B (de) * 2001-02-20 2003-05-26 Akg Acoustics Gmbh Elektroakustische kapsel
TW200514458A (en) * 2003-09-08 2005-04-16 Sambu Communics Co Ltd Condenser microphone using space efficiently and having no characteristic variations
EP1643798B1 (fr) * 2004-10-01 2012-12-05 AKG Acoustics GmbH Microphone comprenant deux capsules microphoniques à gradient de pression
US7529378B2 (en) * 2004-11-12 2009-05-05 Phonak Ag Filter for interfering signals in hearing devices
EP2208359B1 (fr) * 2007-11-13 2016-01-27 AKG Acoustics GmbH Détermination de position de sources sonores
ATE540536T1 (de) * 2007-11-13 2012-01-15 Akg Acoustics Gmbh Mikrofonanordnung
ATE498977T1 (de) * 2007-11-13 2011-03-15 Akg Acoustics Gmbh Mikrofonanordnung
WO2009062213A1 (fr) 2007-11-13 2009-05-22 Akg Acoustics Gmbh Microphone ayant deux transducteurs de gradient de pression
DE602007014271D1 (de) * 2007-11-13 2011-06-09 Akg Acoustics Gmbh Mikrofonanordnung mit drei druckgradientenwandlern
JP5022261B2 (ja) * 2008-02-08 2012-09-12 船井電機株式会社 マイクロホンユニット
WO2009099091A1 (fr) * 2008-02-08 2009-08-13 Funai Electric Co., Ltd. Unité microphone
WO2009105793A1 (fr) 2008-02-26 2009-09-03 Akg Acoustics Gmbh Ensemble transducteur
JP5481852B2 (ja) * 2008-12-12 2014-04-23 船井電機株式会社 マイクロホンユニット及びそれを備えた音声入力装置
KR20100092992A (ko) * 2009-02-11 2010-08-24 주식회사 비에스이 콘덴서 마이크로폰 케이스의 음향홀 형성 방법
JP5262859B2 (ja) * 2009-03-09 2013-08-14 船井電機株式会社 マイクロホンユニット
WO2010121916A1 (fr) 2009-04-23 2010-10-28 Phonic Ear A/S Système et procédé de communication à travers une barrière
JP2011124696A (ja) * 2009-12-09 2011-06-23 Funai Electric Co Ltd 差動マイクロホンユニットおよび携帯機器
US20130177192A1 (en) * 2011-10-25 2013-07-11 Knowles Electronics, Llc Vented Microphone Module
JP5931566B2 (ja) * 2012-04-26 2016-06-08 株式会社オーディオテクニカ 単一指向性マイクロホン
DE102012017980A1 (de) 2012-09-12 2014-03-13 Audi Ag Mikrofonvorrichtung zum Einbauen in einen Kraftwagen
DE102013213891A1 (de) * 2013-05-21 2014-11-27 Siemens Medical Instruments Pte. Ltd. Mikrofonanordnung
JP6319797B2 (ja) * 2014-06-04 2018-05-09 株式会社オーディオテクニカ コンデンサマイクロホンユニット
US10820074B2 (en) * 2018-06-08 2020-10-27 Polycom, Inc. Gradient micro-electro-mechanical (MEMS) microphone assembly

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT251668B (de) * 1964-10-16 1967-01-10 Akg Akustische Kino Geraete Elektroakusticher Wandler
GB2200814B (en) 1987-01-29 1990-02-28 Crystalate Electronics Microphone
US5226076A (en) * 1993-02-28 1993-07-06 At&T Bell Laboratories Directional microphone assembly
JP3975007B2 (ja) * 1998-07-10 2007-09-12 株式会社オーディオテクニカ 単一指向性マイクロホン
DE19963217A1 (de) * 1999-12-28 2001-07-12 Thomson Brandt Gmbh Differenzdruckmikrofon

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US6885751B2 (en) 2005-04-26
EP1351549A3 (fr) 2007-04-18
CN100508647C (zh) 2009-07-01
CN1441621A (zh) 2003-09-10
AT410741B (de) 2003-07-25
US20030165251A1 (en) 2003-09-04
EP1351549A2 (fr) 2003-10-08
ATA2902002A (de) 2002-11-15

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