EP1349788B1 - Device for large-volume containers - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention pertains to an emptying device for large-volume receptacles which consists of an auxiliary transport apparatus that is composed of at least four uprights, on the lower ends of which one respective stacking leg is arranged and in the lower end of which one respective lifting mechanism is arranged. This lifting mechanism can be connected to the carrying straps of the large-volume receptacle by means of carrying strap holders, wherein the uprights are respectively connected to one another by means of transverse braces in their lower region in order to accommodate a bottom plate. The bottom plate contains a central opening for accommodating a shutter mechanism with a shutter that is situated in a base plate arranged on the bottom plate and can be actuated by means of a hand crank.

Description

Technical area

The invention relates to a device for emptying, filling, storage and transport of large-volume containers of all kinds.

Bulk goods are increasingly in large-volume containers (> 1m ³ ) hereinafter referred to as big bags and packed according to density with correspondingly high weights from a few hundred kilos up to tons.

State of the art

For emptying large-volume containers stationary systems are known for filling, emptying, for transport and storage of the container whose handling due to the large volume and weights of the large-volume container z. As a big bag or a container is very problematic, since this requires very complex equipment systems, which are difficult to use and on the other hand require a very complex storage and transport. In these systems, ie essentially filling and emptying stations are generally stationary units in which the large-volume container, in particular a big bag must be introduced. Is z. For example, if an unloading station is not available, large-volume containers, in particular big bags, can also be emptied via suction devices and by destruction, ie by slitting the bottom of the large-volume container, on an industrial scale. With the destruction of the bottom of the large-volume container further use of the large-volume container, in particular a big bag is impossible. The storage of large-volume containers is generally carried out by directly placing the filled large-volume containers itself or with the aid of pallets on the floor of a storage area or by pyramid-shaped stacking on a storage area. Storage in high-level storage is only possible to a limited extent.

Discharge devices are known from the prior art. Thus, from GB-PS 2 014 965 an emptying device for large-volume containers is known, which consists of a frame in which the large-volume container to be emptied, in particular a big bag can be mounted, the there attachable large-volume container at the bottom with a funnel-shaped spout is provided, this device is only suitable for a very specific type of large-volume containers, namely for cylindrical "big bags". The disadvantage here is that the hooking of the large-volume container in the device is possible only at a very considerable expense, and that with this emptying device no metered emptying is possible, since this device has no closure with which the emptying of the large-volume container controlled metered can be. In addition, it is disadvantageous that this emptying device is difficult to store and transport.

From GB-PS 2 066 220 an emptying device for large-volume containers is known, which consists of a frame which is provided with four feet, which are arranged at the corners, and which is provided with a base plate, wherein two of the four feet after are extended above by stakes, which are gallows-shaped, so that at the short protruding struts to be emptied large-volume container, preferably a big bag can be hung and in which further in the bottom plate, a central opening is arranged, which is provided with a hatch , but with no metered and clean emptying of the large-volume container, in particular a big bag is possible, since this is not necessary for a clean emptying seal having. Another disadvantage is that this emptying device is difficult to handle and is difficult to store, since storage of this emptying device is not possible one above the other, due to the design of the frame for hanging the large-volume container. In addition, with this device, no complete emptying of the large-volume container is possible.

From DE-OS 197 41 108, a device for emptying pourable bulk material is known in which the emptying by means of a suction device, such. B. a suction tube, a suction knob or the like and which consists of a collapsible for suspending the large-volume containers frame, which includes a lever to stretch the bulky containers, which consists of a cable and pulleys, each on the upper ends of the four stanchions or posts, which are arranged at the corners, exists over which the lever ropes of the bulky container are guided. The disadvantage here is that the lever device used there is suitable only for large-volume containers up to a certain weight and can not be used indefinitely for any type of large-volume containers and that this emptying device has no closure with which a metered or controllable emptying is possible ,

DE-GbM 94 07 507.7 an emptying device is known, which also represents a large-volume container for flowable masses, which consists of a receiving frame, which has a bottom plate, which serves with a lateral wall, which serves to support the bag and which is formed telescopically, is provided. Furthermore, this device is provided at the upper end with a connection device for a hoist, to which a hoist strap is connected in such a way to which the large-volume container, for. B. a big bag can be lowered when emptying down so that emptying after at the bottom and with which the large-volume container can be pulled up when filling, so that the large-volume container can be equipped with the contents from below. For this purpose, an opening is provided in the lower region, which is provided with a line through which the large-volume container can be filled. The disadvantage here is that with this device neither a metered emptying of the bulky container nor a metered filling is possible because it has no adjustable closure with which the emptying or filling can be regulated.

From DE-OS 199 45 195 an emptying device for large bags is known, which has two substantially flat, preferably identical side elements, each forming a front and rear foot area and at least one head portion having a vertically operating lifting device, the connection zones for cross-connection parts and which are higher than the simple height of a suspended large-volume container, and which can be arranged between the lifting devices releasably Hubtraverse having holding means for the hanging tabs and at least one transverse connecting part for a cross-brace. The disadvantage here is that even with this device no metered emptying of the large-volume container is possible because this device also has no metered closure, with a clean and controlled gradual emptying of the large-volume container is possible. The disadvantage here is further that this device is transportable and storable only with great effort.

From FR 2 644 135 an emptying device for big bags is known, which corresponds to the preamble of entitlement 1, and which consists of a frame consisting of four stanchions, which are formed as a hollow body and connected at its lower end with one foot are and in their lower part are each connected to bars. The upper ends of the stanchions are designed so that they can accommodate four arms, which in the upper area by means of Cross struts are interconnected and form a lifting device that must be operated with an external hoist. In the lower area are arranged opposite to each other arranged angle at the front of the stanchions, which are resiliently mounted, in which they are connected to springs which are arranged in the two stanchions which form the front. On the angles, the plate in which the closure is arranged stored.

Presentation of the invention, object, solution, advantages

The invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide a device for large-volume containers of the type mentioned, with both a controllable and controllable emptying and filling is possible and is transportable and storable to create, which is inexpensive and commercially available for all bulky containers, especially big bags, can be used.

This object is achieved by the features mentioned in claim 1.

For this purpose, it is provided that the emptying device for large-volume containers consists of a transport aid, which consists of a frame having four stacking feet, which are connected to each other with lath-like cross braces so that they are arranged approximately square and firmly connected to four stanchions are, which are formed as a hollow body, for receiving an integrated lifting mechanism that supports the emptying of the large-volume container and ensures the complete emptying of the large-volume container. It is also intended that as a frame formed transport means is provided with a bottom plate which is provided with a central opening which serves to receive the metering and closing mechanism, which consists of a base plate which is connected to the bottom plate, and which serves to receive the actual closure. The bottom plate may be formed as a solid body, or as a pallet. In addition, the bottom plate may be formed continuously or only in sections, ie that this is then lath-shaped, whereby a certain weight saving is achieved, which allows easy transport of the device for large-volume containers.

The locking mechanism is designed so that both the inlet and the outlet of the large-volume container can be easily inserted into the closure. The closure is in this case constructed so that at least two ropes, straps, belts or chains concentrically surround the also consisting of a flexible material and located generally centrally on the underside of the large-volume container outlet and continuously reduce or increase in diameter , The at least two ropes are symmetrical at one end, opposite and freely movable attached to a rotatable ring, with alternative embodiments with a larger number of ropes are conceivable. The opposite end of each rope is designed so that an extension and shortening is allowed. This can be z. B. by using suitable tension mechanisms, such. B. tension spring, gas spring directly or with appropriate interpretation of pressure mechanisms indirectly via pressure, gas spring or the like. Instead of the combination of rope and tension spring, as shown, z. B. also be limited in its expansion rubber or rubber band used. The pulling and pushing mechanisms are suitably connected to the housing of the closure. An introduced into the rope construction stop device prevents overstretching of the pulling mechanisms and tightens the corresponding ropes.

Instead of ropes and rods rods of carbon fiber, synthetic fiber, metal fiber or glass fiber can be used, which are attached only rotatably and non-displaceably with the one end on the rotatable ring, wherein the ring is provided with openings through which the end attached there the rods can be pushed so that they are slidably mounted, wherein on the end of the rods, a spring can be pushed, which is connected to a stopper attached to the outer end of the rod, so that they can bend around the outlet nozzle, so that their cross section can be reduced by bending the rods accordingly when closing and can be increased when opening. It is provided that at the outer edge of the base plate of the Verschlussmechanismusses several pins are arranged, which are provided in the upper part with a circular, cylindrical or square opening through which the free end of the rods can be pushed so that they slidably in the pins are mounted, wherein the end protrudes beyond the pin, so that on the end of a spring can be pushed, which is connected to a arranged at the outer end of the rods stopper, by which the displaceability of the rods is limited. It may also be rods with Drahtkem with plastic coating, which are bendable.

The rotatable ring is designed so that it can be indirectly or directly driven by a suitable drive. In the case of an indirect drive this z. B. via a suitable with or attached to the ring toothing, which engages in the driving toothing of another gear. Also, the drive instead of the gear over z. As a rope, a belt or chain hoists done. If the drive by chain hoists, so it is chain or Belt transmission, in which the power transmission between the sprocket and chain is positively and with superimposed frictional engagement or only frictionally engaged, wherein the translation is dependent on the diameter and tooth ratio of the sprockets. The chain can in this case be designed as a drive, bushing, roller, tooth, non-positive roller, round steel, gall or load or conveyor chain. Instead of a chain may also be arranged a belt, with a pulley and a belt ring. The belt drive is suitable for small and medium torques and speeds and is used to bridge large, roughly tolerated center distances and provides overload protection through chutes and ensures extremely quiet and quiet operation, whereas a chain drive for medium power and medium-sized roughly tolerated center distances is a cost-effective, accessible and robust system. The belt may be formed either as a single-ply textile belt, multi-ply textile belt, polyester cord belt or wide belt tension belt, comprising upper layer belts, also cover layer, middle layer, tension layer and lower layer, the running layer. The tension layer may be formed either single-layered or multi-layered, wherein usually two, three or more layers may be provided, each of which may have a different structure. They are usually made of polyamide, polyamide in combination with cotton, polyester or a combination of cotton, polyamide and polyester. The layers usually have a rod-shaped structure, but also a honeycomb or web structure is conceivable. The running layers are usually made of an elastomer, polyurethane, balata or chrome leather. In addition, it is also possible to use synchronous belts or toothed belts whose belt bodies are made of neoprene or polyurethane with tensile strands of high-strength glass fibers or steel, Kevlar or polyester cord, which are helically wound in the belts, which are usually produced in standard lengths. The belts can be single or double toothed, wherein the teeth may be square, rectangular, semicircular, trapezoidal, triangular or polygonal. Instead of a gear transmission can also be used to drive a hydraulic drive.

The aforementioned drive options are moved by a self-locking or non-self-locking worm gear. The worm gear is driven manually, electrically, pneumatically or hydraulically. In a direct drive allows a mounted on the outer diameter of the rotatable ring teeth direct drive via a self-locking gear worm that engages directly into the teeth of the rotatable ring and is coupled with manual, electric, pneumatic or hydraulic drives and overload protection for the incoming forces of can have the drives.

Alternatively, the drive of the closure can also take place via a circulating chain, which is connected to a motor or the like. For this purpose, a larger number of rotatable pins are arranged in the outer region of the base plate, which also serve for deflecting the chain and which are connected via ropes, chains, straps, straps, rods, wires or the like with the rotatable ring, whereby it is actuated.

It is further provided that in the upper part of each Runge or each post or of the post of the tubular frame, a lifting mechanism is mounted, which is integrated either in each stanchion or post or is arranged on the stanchions, in which this directly on the Is mounted outside of the posts or posts, or indirectly, in which case on the outside of each Runge another short tube is arranged, which serves to receive the lifting mechanism. In general, the lifting mechanism is designed as a gas spring, but can also be used as a hydraulic piston, as a spring or as a cable or chain hoist, this can be electrically, pneumatically, hydraulically or manually operated, be formed. The lifting mechanism works by hooking the bulky container between the stanchions or posts and being suitably connected to the lifting mechanism via a self-tightening carrying strap holder, with flexible containers generally designed with carrying loops, by hooking the respective ones Loops on the respective lifting mechanism takes place. When filled state or until reaching the release of the lifting mechanism necessary degree of filling and associated residual weight in the large-volume container, the lifting mechanisms are in the retracted state. Upon reaching the necessary Teilentleerungsgrades of bulk material located in the large volume container solve the lifting mechanisms by the weight loss of the large-volume container and lift the bulky container, wherein the stroke automatically adjusts proportionally to the emptied amount of bulk material and at fully extended Hub of the ground of the large-volume container has been formed into a conical funnel. The complete emptying of the free-flowing bulk material from the large-volume container is thus guaranteed.

It is further provided that for mounting a filled big bag in the lifting device a self-lashing carrying strap holder is provided which allows the direct reception of the respective loop for the purpose of introducing a filled large-volume container in the lifting device. The carrying loops of the large-volume container can be introduced in such a way in a self-lashing support strap holder that when introducing in particular a loaded large-volume container, which is generally introduced at its carrying loops, respectively a holder at the lower end of the carrying loop, ie in the vicinity of the large-volume container is attached and can be connected to a transport or lifting means and is used for load-carrying, wherein the upper segment or the loop remains free to move and is used to connect to the lifting mechanism of the pallet. The carrying loop of the large-volume container is introduced into the holder, in which the freely upwardly and downwardly displaceable and rotatable latch upwards, that is folded out of the actual holding area of the holder. The folded into a loop carrying strap is pushed through the opening of the holder and folded the latch and pushed to the stop. By pulling on the shaped loop, the latch firmly moves to the lower stop of the holder and thus pulls on the connected to the large-volume container end of the carrying strap, which thus lashed. The carrying strap holder itself is at its upper end in a suitable manner with the lifting means, such. B. attached a load or carrying cross. Due to the mutual force, ie the weight of the bulky container down and the upward force of the lifting means at the connection to the hoist holds the strap selbstsichemd in the strap loops. The free end of the strap can now be hooked to the lifting device and the filled large-volume container can be lowered into the device. To unlock the now located between the large-volume container and the lifting device and due to the strap under tension holder of the rule is pulled out laterally. The tensioned straps relieve the load completely and the strap holder is free.

For this purpose, it may further be provided that the flexible large-volume container used in its carrying loop training is equipped or modified so that upon introduction of a filled container, which is generally introduced at its carrying loops, each a further carrying loop at each corner of the flexible large volume Container is provided, or in the case of a single loop in each corner, this is divided by the central knotting itself into two loop segments, so that the upper loop segment is freely movable and can be used to connect with the lifting mechanism of the pallet.

The carrying strap holder may also have a plate as a clamping element, a clip or the like instead of a bolt.

With the invention it is achieved that the device can be used as a system for transport, storage and filling and the partial and complete emptying of large-volume containers. The device significantly simplifies the equipment and manual effort required in all areas of operation, in which the large-volume container, in particular a big bag remains its entire life cycle in the device and commercially available, in many companies anyway already found transport and handling facilities such. B. forklift used and can also be used for the automation of loading and unloading systems for large-volume containers. The device offers a cost-effective alternative to the hitherto available on the market handling equipment. The integrated in the device metering and Verschlussmechnismus allows a controlled emptying of the container contents. The shutter mechanism had to be specially designed for use in a pallet, to ensure that the pallet could still be handled with common transport equipment. The dosing and sealing mechanism is characterized by its simplicity, a low height and minimized external dimensions and influences in no way the previously common uses of the range. The dosing and closing mechanism is operated manually with hand crank, handwheel or via electric, electromagnetic, hydraulic or pneumatic drives. In the case of a stationary unloading station, the drive shaft of the closure is designed so that an electric, electromagnetic, hydraulic or pneumatic drive can dock automatically and the discharge can be controlled manually or automatically.

By placing the device on a simple pedestal at any suitable location, the integrated metering mechanism can control the discharge of product in the container. The integration into bulk material handling systems using commercially available docking stations with the outlet nozzle of the large-volume container projecting through the device remains ensured. The invention further opens up the use of large-volume containers to users who have hitherto been denied the use of large-volume containers due to high investment volumes for the necessary equipment or space required, the possibility of using large-volume containers and opens up further potential for the use of large-volume containers. The storage and intermediate storage of filled and very specially partially emptied large-volume containers in storage systems, such. B. Hochregallagem is due the not possible collapsing and possibly overhanging the textile container material guaranteed because the large-volume container always hangs in the streamlined state between the stanchions. Removable rigid or collapsible stanchions and stackable devices significantly reduce the space required for storage or transportation of non-in-use units. It can be assumed that a large-volume container once placed in an unloading station remains in this until it is completely emptied, and consequently requires that a corresponding number of unloading stations be used by companies that process several products delivered in flexible containers. The device needed only hang a simple pedestal on which it is discontinued. This simplified design of the unloading station allows a much more flexible use of the unloading station in that partial emptying and also the subsequent introduction of a large-volume container, with a much reduced handling and time is possible. After undocking the outlet nozzle z. As a forklift to take the device from the pedestal and a new settle on it.

The fact that the large-volume container stands on the base plate designed as a pallet and hangs on its carrying loops in the device, commercially available automated pallet transport and - handling systems can be used. By automatically introducing the device in filling and discharging stations and by automatic docking of the filling of the filling these operations are semi-automated bez. can be fully automated. Also eliminated by the device time-consuming manual activities that were required to handle the bulky container in its conventional use, whereby a significant time savings is achieved. It has traditionally been a large-volume container either on a pallet, which in a separate operation under the large volume To bring container as a transport aid or brought to a carrying cross, which was attached to eg a forklift and to which the large-volume container was hooked manually to his usual four carrying straps, brought to the unloading station. Then the large-volume container had to be additionally manually relocated to the lifting device of the unloading station and lifted into it. The lifting device was also generally operated time consuming manually. In contrast, when using this device solely z. As a forklift required to move it from its storage place to z. B. to bring the emptying station. The introduction of filled large-volume container or their replacement for use in the same device is easier to handle and can be done in no time. The replacement of filled large-volume containers is possible by using the carrying strap design and in particular the self-locking holder. The problem with the introduction of partially or filled large-volume containers in the device is that the same strap is also required for hanging in the lifting device. Assuming that the large-volume container hangs on the hook of a carrying cross, the recording of the lifting mechanism can be brought only below the hook of the carrying cross in the same strap. When lowering the large-capacity container into the device, the lifting mechanisms are pressurized, so that when introduced large-volume container of the hook of the carrying cross in the carrying loop is clamped by the inclusion of the lifting mechanism. The hook of the carrying cross can only be removed under difficult conditions. The consideration of the execution of the large-volume containers, each with 2 carrying straps in each corner or by the central knotting each strap in two segments or the use of self-lashing strap loops always a loop or a loop segment remains free and free to move.

Trained as a pallet base plate can be modified so that this in their recording freedoms by suitable, commercial transport and handling equipment such. b. Forklift, automatic pallet stacking and unstacking, pallet truck, etc. is fully usable from all sides.

In a second embodiment of the device for large-volume containers at least four articulated arms are provided, which are connected to the lower end hingedly connected to the base plate of the closure mechanism, which is arranged on the bottom plate and which have at their outer and upper end in each case a fastening device with which the articulated arms can be connected to the four lower loops of the bulky container, so that the four articulated arms can support the funneling, which begins with the emptying of the bulky container, due to the lifting device, in which this in the emptying of the Swing large volume container upwards, so that the bottom of the large-volume container can be supported on this. Here, the articulated arms are interconnected by a central joint having a drive mechanism as a central transmission, which may consist of a gear transmission, a chain transmission, a linkage or a belt transmission or a hydraulic transmission. Alternatively, there is the possibility that the outer ends of the articulated arms may be provided with rollers, in which case the stanchions are designed as rails, the opening of the rails being directed inwards so that the rollers are arranged at the upper ends of the articulated arms are, can engage in the rails so that they are upwardly pivoting with the rollers in the rails are movable upwards. The rails can be formed either U-, V-, C- or H-shaped. The arms may also be telescopically formed, in which these consist of several individual segments which can be pushed into each other, so that the arms are adjustable in length. For fixation the segments are provided with a certain number of round, square or polygonal apertures, in which pins or clamps can be pushed as a holding and fixing means.

Instead of the articulated arms and the bottom plate itself may be articulated in which it is centrally provided with a continuous hinge or hinge, so that the bottom plate is divided into at least two segments which are pivotally mounted on the outer sides, wherein the outer Corners one or more roles may be arranged, which can then engage in the trained as rails stanchions. This may also be an attachment which can be placed on the actual base plate, which is designed as a pallet, which consists of segment parts and can be connected to the pallet.

In addition, the bottom plate may consist of individual differently shaped segments, which are hinged together, so that the bottom plate is arbitrarily malleable, and thus can also support the funneling, the bottom plate can be raised in a variety of places, to support the emptying of large-volume containers ,

In a third embodiment, the device for large-volume containers can be provided with a stencil-like attachment which can be releasably connected to the bottom plate by means of bolts, plugs, locks or the like and which can either be designed as a frame or can consist of only one plate or from an open-topped box, in which case the panel is provided on all four sides with walls which may be attached in pairs to the top or bottom of the panel so that the panel optionally acts as a floor or ceiling of the top. The essay may have different heights and the plate is designed as a frame so that it is also suitable for receiving container-like large-volume containers is, with the possibility that this frame-like plate is interchangeable with other frame-like plates, which depending on the shape and size of the large-volume container has a correspondingly adapted to this shape, which greatly simplifies the insertion of the large-volume container with its outlet nozzle in the closure system and which allows the use of the emptying device for all forms of large-volume containers. The attachment can either be made of metal or plastic or of wood and can have walls with different thicknesses. Each edge of the frame formed as a frame usually has a polygonal shape, which may be square or rectangular, but this may also have any other arbitrary shape. Alternatively, the article may be telescopically formed, in which the article composed of several telescopically expandable and telescoping wall parts, so that it is adjustable in height.

In a fourth embodiment it is provided that the stacking feet of the device for bulky containers are interchangeable in such a way that they can be exchanged for any length supports that can be arranged either extendable on the undersides of the stanchions, so that below the closure enough distance to the ground remains so that a wheelbarrow or the like can be pushed under the device for large-volume containers, for receiving the bulk material, which is to be filled from the large-volume container. These extendable legs or stilts, are connected by means of a lockable connection with the frame or the bottom plate of the device for large-volume containers, so that they are adjustable to any height. This also makes it possible that z. B. a pedestal, can be pushed under the device for large-volume containers, and can be connected to the underside of the closure, the z. B. contains a screw through which the emptying of the large-volume container can be accelerated, and by the a transfer of the bulk material in z. B. smaller containers is possible. This design is a versatile device for large-volume containers that can be connected in conjunction with any devices for emptying large-volume containers. This design also allows a modular design of the device for large-volume containers, so that they can be placed on other modules or integrated into these and can be detachably connected to these, which may be designed as a frame that trained as a pallet base plate of the device leader receiving, wherein both the recess of the bottom plate and the discharge opening with a correspondingly formed shaft, eg a conveyor zb a worm are aligned, whereby a rapid emptying is possible.

In a fifth embodiment it is provided that the closure of the emptying device can be connected to a hose or a tube through which an emptied large-volume container can be filled again with bulk material or similar flowable, dusty, powdery, granular or granular products by a the closure connected line can be injected or introduced into this. For this purpose, it is necessary that a vent must take place in the upper area, it being necessary that for this purpose the device for large-volume containers can be covered with a cover plate, which can be connected to the upper ends of the stanchions and can be placed on the lifting devices , And which has a central opening through which a vent is possible, which z. B. can be done by connecting another hose that can be connected to a vacuum pump or the like. In this opening a rubber, foam or styrofoam is arranged to seal.

In the cover plate can be arranged an opening in which a closure mechanism consisting of a closure for dosing, which is arranged in a base plate which is on the cover plate, which may also be roof-shaped, frustoconical or pyramid-shaped, attached, and is formed in that a hose or a pipe can be attached to it.

Alternatively, the closure may also be provided with a harness which z. B. may consist of chains or straps, with which this at the Aufhängestapelköpfen, which are arranged at the upper end of the stanchions, are attached.

Alternatively, for filling or emptying through the centrally arranged opening of the cover plate, a suction device can be guided into the large-volume container, which is a buoyant suction head connected to a suction tube or a suction tube with which the contents are sucked out of the container from above can be or can be injected into this, in which case the outlet pipe is closed at the bottom of the large-volume container through the closure, so that emptying or filling can be done from above.

In a sixth embodiment, the closure with the metered emptying of the bulky container is made possible by a central closure, which is composed of several, movable by the spring mechanism slats that release when opening an opening from the center and close again, the principle the closure in a tubular, flexible sleeve made of rubber or plastic fabrics, which opens or closes by 180 ° rotation centric similar to an iris diaphragm. The flow is released or closed in seconds, without a sealing cone, a wedge or plate must be pushed or screwed into the flow opening. The valve body and the rotating part are completely shielded by the closure sleeve against the continuous flowable material. This reduces mechanical stress to a minimum, prevents jamming or jamming, ensures absolute tightness even in the working area, and prevents material loss, soiled equipment and dust nuisance. This closure is also suitable for large-volume containers that are filled with viscous media from the coarsest to the finest embers and it is also suitable for air control during filling. This construction of the closure also allows the sole use of the closure, in that it is placed directly on the opening of the large-volume container so that it is inserted into the closure, which can be opened more or less depending on the setting of the closure, so that emptying the large-volume container by hanging overhead of the container allows what z. B. by means of a carrying cross is possible. The closure can be operated by means of a hand crank, electrically by a motor, hydraulically by oil or pneumatically by compressed air, wherein an electrical transmission motor with special gear and overload protection by slip clutch is arranged by an electrical operation of the closure through which a coarse and Fine metering of the material flow is enabled, and which is operated by means of a switching device which is arranged in a arranged on the shutter switch box. In the case of pneumatic actuation, operation takes place via laterally flanged compressed air cylinders, which act twice, with damping and a one-sided piston rod. The power transmission takes place here z. B. by a guided over plastic rollers plastic-coated steel cable.

Furthermore, the closure system may be provided with a suitable retention system, such. As chains, ropes, tapes, textile tape or similar existing dishes, directly under the large volume Container hangs and / or on the holding / carrying loops can be fastened, wherein the flexible outlet nozzle can be pulled through the closure system and is used in this way without other systems.

By a superimposed arrangement, the necessary components for the closure in at least two versions and taking into account a suitable drive a multi-acting closure is realized, which is characterized in that the closure in at least two different levels at the same time at the outlet of the large-volume container for engagement comes.

The closure may alternatively be formed as a ball valve, in which the sealing or closure body is a ball with a cylindrical bore. In addition, the closure can also be designed as a pinch valve. This can either consist of an inflatable rubber boot, which is arranged in the opening of the base plate of the Verschlussmechanismusses or it can be arranged in the opening a pipe segment in which a rubber hose is arranged, which is compressible by applying pressure from the outside, whereby it can be closed and which is wide by pressure reduction and can be opened. The closure can also be designed as a slide, rotary valve or flap, the slide can optionally be designed as a plate slide, Scheibenabschlussschieber, Keilschieber, double plate parallel slide, double plate wedge slide, circular slide, oval slide or flat slide and in which the actuation by pressurizing on the plate Slider takes place. A training as a closure with membrane seal or drop valve with drop-shaped closure or sealing body is conceivable.

In a seventh embodiment it is provided that the outlet nozzle of the large-volume container is designed so that the large-volume container can be emptied or filled even with liquid content, and that it is possible with the closure according to the invention also outlet nozzle of containers containing liquid content are filled, shut off. For this purpose, it is provided that the inside of the outlet pipe a coating of closed-pore soft material is, for. B. sponge rubber o. Ä., Or alternatively, the entire outlet nozzle made of closed-pore soft material, so that the closure is suitable by tightly wrap, compress the so-formed outlet spout so far that the soft material in the socket interior is pressed together from all sides, that by its elastic property no liquid and solids can pass. In addition, the outlet nozzle may be provided on the inside with an acid-resistant and heat-resistant additional layer, which is arranged on the closed-cell soft material, so that the outlet nozzle has a multi-layered construction. Next, it is provided here that the closure is a collar around which the outlet nozzle lies around, wherein the collar when turning around the neck has its largest diameter. As a result, in the axial and coaxial direction, a sealing surface for connection to an external filling nozzle or emptying nozzle or cover is formed by the elastic coating. Where the diameter can be made smaller, z. B. an elastic clamping ring hold the closure on bulky container and seal.

Instead of the collar and an annular clamp can be arranged, which is provided with a lever or a clamping screw, so that the clamp can be tightened or expanded accordingly by tightening the clamping screw.

In an eighth embodiment of the emptying device, a bottom plate is provided, which is designed as a rocker, in which the closure mechanism is formed, wherein the rocker is actuated via a laterally hinged rod. Next on the rocker on both sides next to the Verschlussmechnismus upwardly hinged hinged plates are arranged, which deform the base of the large-volume container when emptying wedge-shaped and the flaps are depressed by the filled large-volume container on the rocker. Due to the flexing action of the rocker an effect on the bulk material in the container is generated at the same time, whereby an always trouble-free emptying is secured in the u. a. z. As a collapsing or bridging of the bulk material is prevented, so that its flowability is promoted.

The rocker is connected to a rod and is driven by an eccentric, hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder and a piston lying in this, whereby the rocker is placed in the rocking movements required to permanently change the angle of repose of the bulk material.

Also, the filling of a large-volume container can be supported by the rocker, in which caused by the rocking effect caused by the rocker which is already distributed in the container contents evenly.

Instead of a rocker can also be arranged a tilting device.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1:

zeigt eine Ansicht der Vorrichtung für großvolumige Behältnisse mit einem dosierbaren Verschlusssystem,

Fig. 2:

eine Ansicht des Dosier- und Verschlussmechanismus,

Fig. 3:

eine Ansicht der selbstfestzurrenden Tragschlaufenhalterung,

Fig. 4:

eine Ansicht der Vorrichtung für großvolumige Behältnisse, mit an der Basisplatte des Verschlusssystems angeordneten gelenkigen Armen,

Some embodiments of the invention are explained below with reference to the drawings. Show it:

Fig. 1:

shows a view of the device for large-volume containers with a metered closure system,

Fig. 2:

a view of the dosing and closing mechanism,

3:

a view of self-lashing carrying strap holder,

4:

a view of the device for large-volume containers, with arranged on the base plate of the closure system articulated arms,

Best way to carry out the invention

Fig. 1 shows a view of the device 100 for large-volume containers 24, which consists of a transport aid 101, which consists of a frame consisting of at least four stanchions 22, which are each provided at its lower end with a stacking foot 58, by means of slat-like cross braces 20 a are connected to each other, for receiving a bottom plate 20 which may also be formed as a pallet having a central opening 21 b for receiving the shutter mechanism 102, which consists of a closure 21 which is arranged on or in a base plate 21 a , which is connected to the bottom plate 20 of the transport tool 101. In the closure 21 of the outlet nozzle 25 of the large-volume container 24 which can be suspended in the emptying device 100, inserted, wherein the closure 21 by means of the outlet nozzle 25 of the large-volume container 24 is detachably connectable. The stanchions 22 of the transport aid 101 are formed as a hollow body, so that in each case a lifting mechanism 23 is integrated in the upper ends, which may alternatively be connected to these and which consists of a gas spring, not shown. The lifting device 23 is in each case provided with a self-tightening carrying strap holder 103, which serves to connect the loops 40 of the large-volume container 24 with the lifting mechanism 23.

To actuate the closure 21, through which the outlet connection 25 of the large-volume container 24 is performed, an opening 20 b is arranged laterally in one of the transverse struts 20 a, for receiving a hand crank 26.

Fig. 2 shows a schematic representation of the Verschlussmechanismusses 102, which consists of the closure 21 which is arranged in the base plate, not shown, which is constructed so that at least two ropes 35 or bands or chains concentric to the also of a flexible material place existing and generally centered on the underside of the outlet nozzle of the large-volume container and continuously reduce or enlarge this in diameter. For this purpose, the closure 21 on two ropes 35 which are symmetrical at one end 27 and mounted opposite and freely movable on a rotatable ring 28, wherein in FIG. 2, an embodiment is shown with four ropes. The opposite end 29 of each cable 35 is designed such that an extension and shortening of the rope is possible. This can be z. B. by the use of suitable tension mechanisms, such. B. a tension spring 30 or a Gaszugfeder directly or with appropriate interpretation of pressure mechanisms indirectly via pressure, Druckgasfedem or the like. Instead of the combination of rope and tension spring as shown, z. B. also be limited in its expansion rubber, rubber band or the like are used. In the rope construction an inserted stop device 31 is further arranged, which prevents overstretching of the Zugmechanismusses and tightens the corresponding cable 35. The rotatable ring 28 is designed such that it can be indirectly or directly driven by its own drive. In the case of a direct drive this is done via a suitable with and attached to the ring 28 Gearing 32 which engages in the driving toothing of a further gear 33. Also, the drive instead of the gear z. B. via a rope, belt, chain hoist or belt. The abovementioned drive possibilities or the illustrated gearwheel 33 is moved via a self-locking or non-self-locking worm gear 34. The worm gear 34 is driven manually, electrically, hydraulically or pneumatically, for which purpose the corresponding drive devices in the form of a motor or the like are arranged on the closure 21. In the direct drive allows a mounted on the outer diameter of the rotatable ring 28 teeth 32 direct drive via a self-locking worm gear, which engages directly into the teeth of the rotatable ring, and is coupled with manual, in particular electric or pneumatic drives. In Fig. 1 is shown as an embodiment of a manual drive via a hand crank.
The leadership of the respective ropes 35 is designed such that they do not move in a plane and do not interfere with each other during the closing operation of the shutter 21. This is realized so that the respective receiving points of the cable ends 27 and 29 of each cable 35 are at different height levels. The roller 36 is used to guide, align and unwind the cable 35. A provided between the rotatable ring and the housing of the closure further fixed or introduced in a floating arrangement not shown ring, through which the corresponding number of provided ropes can be performed by respective holes and which closes the mechanism located in the housing to the outside. The leadership of the ropes 35 may alternatively be done by channels, hoses, pipes made of rubber, plastic or metal, which are arranged accordingly.

The operation of the shutter 21 can be seen by considering the solid and double dashed line of the cables 35 in FIG. By turning at the indicated angle, a 70 ° rotation is shown, in a clockwise direction, whereby the opening resulting from the arrangement of the cables continuously decreases. In the case of the outlet nozzle of a large-volume container, the textile material is successively abgeschnürt until the ropes are completely wrapped around the nozzle and thus have completely closed. By taking into account self-locking worm gear 34, the consideration of a separate lock at all degrees of opening is unnecessary, so that it is also possible to use the closure without the transport aids of the emptying device, ie separately, d. H. for emptying sacks or similar large-volume containers in which the closure is placed on the open end, which is pulled through the closure and locked in this, for which it is provided with a corresponding hanging harness. Emptying then takes place by the large-volume container or the bag is rotated upside down, so that then by means of the closure a metered emptying of the large-volume container z. B. a sack of jute, is possible.

Fig. 3 shows an embodiment of the carrying loop receptacle 103, which allows in the case of introducing a filled large-volume container in the device for large-volume containers, the inclusion of the respective carrying strap of the large-volume container, and the direct recording on the respective loop for the purpose of introducing a filled large volume Container in the device, not shown, allows for large-volume containers. The carrying loop of the large-volume container 40 is hereby brought into the self-lashing support strap holder 104, in which the freely upwardly and downwardly displaceable and rotatable latch 38 upwards, ie from the actual holding portion of the holder, is folded out. Which turns into a loop folded support loop 40 is pushed through the opening of the holder and the latch 38 folded and then pushed into the stop 39. By pulling on the formed loop, the latch 38 tightly moves to the lower stop 39 of the holder, which is lashed to the connected to the large-volume container end of the strap, and this lashes. The self-tightening carrying strap holder 104 itself is suitably connected at its upper end with the lifting tool, such as. B. a carrying cross with which the large-volume container is introduced into the emptying device. By the mutual force, ie the weight of the large-volume container down and the upward force of the lifting means at the connection to the lifting tool 37 holds the support loop 40 self-locking in self-lashing support strap holder 104. The free end of the support loop 40 may be in or on the support loop receptacle 103 hooked and lowered the filled large-volume container in the emptying device. To unlock the now located between the large-volume container and the lifting device and due to the support loop 40 under tension holder of the latch 38 is pulled out laterally. The tensioned strap loop 40 relieves suddenly and the self-tightening strap loop holder 104 is free.

Fig. 4 shows another embodiment of a device for large-volume containers 100, which consists of transport aids 101, which is a frame consisting of four stanchions 22, which are provided at their lower end with stacking feet 58 by box-shaped cross braces 20 a with each other Serving to receive a bottom plate 20, which has a central opening 21 b, for receiving the shutter mechanism 102, which consists of a base plate 21 a and the shutter 21. At the upper end of the stanchions 22 respectively lifting mechanisms 23 are arranged consist of a non-tensioned gas spring and the same carrying strap recordings 103 for receiving the loops 40 of the large-volume container, in the case of the filled container, by means of the self-lashing support strap holder shown in Fig. 3.

In this embodiment, four arms are additionally arranged in the lower region, in Fig. 4, only the arms 42, 42 a and 42 b are shown, the articulated at the lower end respectively via a hinge or hinge 41, 41 a, 41 b with the Base plate 21 a of the shutter mechanism 102 are connected, the upper end of which is provided with a suspension 43, 43 a, 43 b, which may also have a carrying loop receptacle which is suspended in the lower loops of the bulky container, so that the arms 42, 42 a , 42b can be connected to the upper end with the lower loops of the large-volume container 24, so that they help the funneling of the bottom during the emptying of the large-volume container 24 in which they pivot upwards during the emptying. Alternatively, the arms 42, 42 a and 42 b may also be formed as telescopic arms in which this consist of two or more telescoped arms, so that the arms are adjustable in length.

The arms may have a rectangular, square, hexagonal, pentagonal, triangular, circular, cylindrical, elliptical or other polygonal cross-section and may be made of plastic, metal or wood. Thus, there is a possibility that the large-volume container can be mounted and attached at the same time in eight places.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

20

baseplate

20 a

crossbars

20 b

perforation

21

shutter

21 a

baseplate

21 b

perforation

22

stake

23

lifting mechanism

24

large volume container

25

outlet connection

26

winch

27

first pick-up point rope end I

28

Ring, rotatable

29

second pick-up point rope end II

30

mainspring

31

stop device

32

gearing

33

gear

34

worm gear

35

rope

36

role

37

Connection to the lifting tool

38

Pull-out and turnable latch

39

attack

40

Carrying strap of the large-volume container

41 a

joint

41 b

joint

41 c

joint

42 a

poor

42 b

poor

42 c

poor

43 a

hanging system

43 b

hanging system

43 c

hanging system

100

contraption

101

transport equipment

102

locking mechanism

103

Carrying loop recording

104

self-lashing carrying strap holder

Claims (13)

1. A device for large volume receptacles (24) for receiving, transporting, controlled emptying and storing of bulk goods in receptacles (24) for this purpose such as, for example big bags, FIBC, whereby the device (100) for large volume receptacles (24) has a transport aid (101) for receiving a large volume receptacle (24) and a closing mechanism (102), whereby a dosable emptying of the large volume receptacle (24) can be carried out with the closing mechanism (102),
   characterized in
   that the transport aid (101) has stakes (22) which are connected with each other in their lower area by transverse braces (20a) which form a frame for receiving a bottom plate (20) which is provided with a centrally placed opening (21 b) for receiving the closing mechanism (102), whereby the stakes (22) are configured as hollow bodies for the reception of springs as lifting mechanisms (23) which are placed in the upper ends of the stakes (22) and that a stacking foot (59) is placed at the lower ends of the stakes (22).
2. A device for large volume receptacles according to claim 1,
   characterized in
   that a closing mechanism (102) is placed in the centrally placed opening (21 b) of the bottom plate (20), mechanism which consists of a closure (21) which is placed in a base plate (21 a) which is fixed on the bottom plate (20).
3. A device for large volume receptacles according to any of the claims 1 and 2,
   characterized in
   that the closure (21) consists of at least two ropes (35) which are placed symmetrically, opposite and freely movable with an end on a rotatable and drivable ring (28) so that the ropes (35) come to lie concentrically around the discharge muff (25) made of a flexible material as well and placed generally in the center on the lower side of the large volume receptacle (24) and reduce or enlarge this muff in its diameter continuously concentrically so that the discharge of the product which is in the large volume receptacle (24) can be regulated.
4. A device for large volume receptacles according to claim 3,
   characterized in
   that the closure (21) is provided with appropriate support systems so that this closure hangs under the large volume receptacle (24), whereby the discharge muff (25) of the large volume receptacle (24) can be drawn through the closure (21) so that the closure (21) can be used directly without further systems.
5. A device for large volume receptacles according to any of the claims 2 or 3,
   characterized in
   that the device (100) is provided with four arms (42, 42 a, 42 b, 42 c) which are movably fixed on the base plate (21 a) of the closing mechanism (102) by means of a joint (41, 41 a, 41 b) and which have at their other end respectively a hanging device (43, 43 a, 43 b) with which the arms (42, 42 a, 42 b) can be hung up into the wrist straps which are placed in the lower area of the large volume receptacle (24) for backing the funnel formation during the emptying of the large volume receptacle (24).
6. A device for large volume receptacles according to any of the claims 1 to 3 or to claim 5,
   characterized in
   that the bottom plate (20) of the transport aid (101) is configured as a pallet.
7. A device for large volume receptacles according to any of the claims 1 to 3 or 5 to 6,
   characterized in
   that a cover can be fixed on the stakes (22) which has a centrally placed opening so that the upper opening of the large volume receptacle (24) can be covered so that this receptacle can be evacuated and aerated so that the large volume receptacle (24) can be dosably filled through the closing mechanism (102).
8. A device for large volume receptacles according to any of the claims 1 to 3 or 6 and 7,
   characterized in
   that a top configured as a frame can be fixed on the bottom plate (20) so that the device (100) can be used for all types of large volume receptacles, in particular of container-type large volume receptacles (24).
9. A device for large volume receptacles according to any of the claims 1 to 3 or 6 to 8,
   characterized in
   that the closure (21) is provided with a collar (66) around which the discharge muff (25) can be laid and that the closure (21) is configured in such a manner that the discharge muff (25) can be fixed on the closure (21) with a clamping ring (65).
10. A device for large volume receptacles according to any of the claims 1 to 3 or 6 to 9,
    characterized in
    that the transport aid (101) consists of an underframe (67) which consists of tube segments (68) which are connected with each other respectively by transverse braces (20 a) on the lower side of which a stacking foot (58) is respectively placed and on the upper side of which a stake (22) can be introduced and fixed respectively and that the tube segments (68) are connected with each other by cross-shaped placed stanchions (69).
11. A device for large volume receptacles according to claim 10,
    characterized in
    that the crossing point of the cross-shaped placed stanchions (69) is configured as a base plate (21 a) for receiving the closure (21) on which an inclination device (70) is placed which consists of at least four plate segments (71) which are movably connected with the base plate (21 a) by means of joints (72).
12. A device for large volume receptacles according to claim 11,
    characterized in
    that the plate segments (71) of the inclination device (70) can be connected with a lower lifting device (83) which can be connected with the lifting mechanism (23) which is placed in the stakes (22).
13. A device for large volume receptacles according to any of the claims 11 or 12,
    characterized in
    that the transverse braces (20 a) are configured as rails in which at least two cut-outs (74, 75) are placed which consist respectively of a frame (74 a, 75 a) and a web (74 b, 75 b) placed thereon which is provided on its upper side with rollers which engage into the transverse braces (20 a) configured as rails which serve for passing through the tines of a fork lift truck so that the inclination device (70) as well as the lower lifting device (73) and/or the lifting mechanism (23) and/or also the closure can be actuated by passing through the tines of the fork lift truck.

Images