EP1346442A1 - Antenne imprimee pastille compacte - Google Patents
Antenne imprimee pastille compacteInfo
- Publication number
- EP1346442A1 EP1346442A1 EP01995742A EP01995742A EP1346442A1 EP 1346442 A1 EP1346442 A1 EP 1346442A1 EP 01995742 A EP01995742 A EP 01995742A EP 01995742 A EP01995742 A EP 01995742A EP 1346442 A1 EP1346442 A1 EP 1346442A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- antenna
- projection
- substrate
- symmetry
- faces
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
- H01Q9/0428—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna radiating a circular polarised wave
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
- H01Q9/0471—Non-planar, stepped or wedge-shaped patch
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a printed antenna of the "patch" type in plated technology, with linear or circular polarization, to operate at frequencies of the order of a few Gigahertz.
- this antenna is intended to be reproduced to be integrated into a network for receiving and / or transmitting telecommunications signals, on board a vehicle, such as a low-orbit satellite, or installed in a base station. in connection with a telecommunications satellite, or installed in a base station for radiocommunications with mobile terminals.
- the invention is directed to a printed antenna of the half-wave "patch" type comprising a dielectric substrate and two conductive layers respectively on the faces of the substrate.
- One of the layers constitutes a ground plane.
- the other layer is a rectangular or square conductive plate, called a "patch".
- Such an elementary printed antenna is easily integrated and has a low manufacturing cost thanks to a simple machining process.
- the electrical characteristics of the antenna depend considerably on the dielectric material of the substrate on which the two conductive layers are etched.
- the dielectric substrate When the dielectric substrate is thin and has a high dielectric permittivity, the antenna is ineffective and its bandwidth is low. To obtain a more efficient antenna, the dielectric substrate must be thick and be made of a material of low dielectric permittivity. However, the size of the antenna thus obtained is significantly larger, which makes it difficult to integrate it into a network. In addition, the opening of the antenna radiation pattern is reduced.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a printed antenna of the high-efficiency half-wave "pellet" type, having a size smaller than that according to the prior art mentioned above, and having a more open radiation pattern.
- a printed antenna of the half-wave type comprising a dielectric substrate and two conductive layers respectively on the faces of the substrate and symmetrically with respect to a plane of symmetry of the antenna perpendicular to the faces of the substrate, is characterized in that one of the faces of the substrate has a projection extending longitudinally to the plane of symmetry and one of the conductive layers extends over and along the projection.
- the conductive layer of the antenna which extends over and along the projection may have a contour, for example rectangular, and constitute a radiating element, and the other conductive layer may constitute a ground plane.
- the conductive layer which extends over and along the projection can constitute a ground plane, and the other layer conductive can be flat, for example rectangular, and constitute a radiating element.
- the projection which may have a cross section of the plane of symmetry which is rectangular or sinusoidal, or trapezoidal or triangular, has a height substantially equal to the half-difference of the lengths of the large and small sides of the rectangular layer extending over and the along the projection.
- the height of the projection is generally chosen as a function of the targeted level of compactness of the antenna; the greater the height of the projection, the smaller the size of the antenna.
- the other face of the substrate may include another projection extending longitudinally to the plane of symmetry and covered by the other conductive layer.
- one of the faces of the antenna substrate comprises two perpendicular projections forming a projecting cross, extending longitudinally to two respective planes of symmetry of the perpendicular antenna.
- the conductive layer of the antenna which extends over and along the projections can occupy a rectangular or square surface on the dielectric substrate whose sides have the lengths of the projections respectively.
- the cross-polarized antenna preferably comprises a hybrid coupler which is produced on a dielectric support and housed in the dielectric substrate and which has at least one access connected to the end of the internal conductor of a coaxial probe, and at least one another access connected by a metal crossing to the conductive layer extending over and along one of the projections.
- the two projections on one of the faces of the substrate are replaced by a projection with axial symmetry about an axis perpendicular to the faces of the substrate.
- the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing the printed “patch” antenna, which comprises machining one face of a block of dielectric substrate to form cavities separated by at least one strip having the section of a projection. extending longitudinally to the plane of symmetry, at least one metallization of the face of the dielectric block machined to form one of the conductive layers, and a cutting of the printed antenna substantially in the center of the machined block metallized along the contour of the antenna.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 are respectively a sectional view taken along the line I-I in Figure 2 and a top view of a printed antenna type "patch" with linear polarization according to a first preferred embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 3 and 4 are respectively a sectional view taken along line III-III in Figure 4 and a top view of a printed antenna type "patch" with linear polarization according to a second preferred embodiment of the invention ;
- FIG. 5 shows two diagrams of electric field radiation respectively relating to a “patch” antenna according to the prior art and a "patch” antenna according to the first embodiment;
- FIGS. 6 and 7 are respectively top and perspective views of a block of raw dielectric foam during a first step of manufacturing an antenna according to the invention
- FIGS. 8 and 9 are respectively top and perspective views of the block of dielectric foam machined during a second step of the manufacturing process
- - Figures 10 and 11 are respectively top and perspective views of the block of foam machined and metallized during a third step of the manufacturing process
- - Figures 12 and 13 are respectively top and perspective views of the block of machined and metallized foam after another machining step according to the manufacturing process
- Figures 14 and 15 are sectional views similar to Figure 1, showing projections with sinusoidal profiles and staircase, respectively;
- Figure 16 is a sectional view similar to Figures 1 and 3, of an antenna with two projections superposed respectively on the two faces of the substrate;
- FIG. 17 is a perspective view of a printed antenna of the "patch" type with circular polarization with hybrid coupler, according to a third embodiment of the invention, a quarter of antenna sector having been cut away;
- FIG. 18 and 19 are top and sectional views taken along line XIX-XIX of the antenna shown in Figure 17;
- FIG. 20 shows variations in adaptation and transmission as a function of the frequency for the antenna according to the third embodiment;
- - Figure 21 is a perspective view of a printed antenna with crossed polarizations.
- a printed antenna of the linearly polarized "patch" half-wave type la comprises a dielectric substrate 2a, a first electrically conductive layer 3a extending over a first face of the substrate and constituting a ground plane, and a second rectangular electrically conductive layer 4a extending at the center of the second face of the substrate and having a central parallelepipedal projection 5a.
- the second conductive layer 4a has a rectangular outline and covers the top and the longitudinal sides of the projection 5a.
- the antenna thus has a symmetrical structure with respect to a plane of symmetry YY perpendicular to the faces of the substrate 2a and longitudinal to the projection 5a.
- the layer 4a has a U-shaped section with a potent end, as shown in FIG. 1, with wings extending over the second face of the substrate 2a and having a width L1 much greater than the width L2 of the projection 5a.
- the height h of the projection 5a is equal to or greater than the thickness e of the substrate 2a.
- the length of the radiating element constituted by the second conductive layer 4a is reduced significantly. This reduction in length brings the radiating slots 6a closer to symmetrical ends of the “patch” antenna 1a, which opens the radiation pattern in the electric field plane perpendicular to the projection 5a.
- the significant thickening at the center of the substrate 2a formed by the projection 5a covered with the conductive layer 4a electrically lengthens the resonant dimension of the half-wave antenna and thus increases the characteristic impedance at the center of the antenna which is equivalent to a pseudo short-circuit.
- the projection significantly reduces the size of the antenna for a given operating frequency. The higher the jump impedance at the center of the antenna, the more the width L2 of the jump must be reduced for a given frequency under the resonance condition.
- a microstrip line 7a having a width W7 significantly smaller than the width W of the radiating element 4a and extending perpendicularly to it, up to the middle of the long side of a wing of width L1 of layer 4a.
- This microstrip line corresponds to a quarter-wave transformer, and acts as an impedance adapter with respect to the characteristic impedance, typically 50 ⁇ , of the antenna supply line.
- another solution consists in using a coaxial probe, the internal conductor of which is connected at a point on the antenna, such as a wing. of layer 4a, having an input impedance equal to the characteristic impedance.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 concerning a second embodiment of printed antenna lb of the half-wave "pastille" type according to the invention elements similar to those in the antenna la according to the first embodiment are designated by the same numerical reference followed of the letter b in place of the letter a.
- the printed antenna of the half-wave "pellet" type lb is a dual variant of the first embodiment while still having symmetry with respect to a plane of symmetry YY perpendicular to the faces of the substrate 2b and by providing the symmetrical projection 5a, not on the second face of the dielectric substrate 2a supporting the rectangular radiating element 4a, but on the first face of the substrate 2b supporting the first conductive layer 3b constituting the ground plane of the antenna lb.
- the radiating element 1b is a completely flat rectangular conductive plate 4b, extending along the axis of the projection 5b above it.
- the length Lb of the conductive layer 4b is still conserved according to the preceding relation:
- Lb L - 2h, where h denotes the height of the jump 5b of width L2.
- the radiation diagram in the electric field plane perpendicular to the projection 5a has an opening proportional to the height h of the projection, much wider, for example for the antenna la4, than the opening of the diagram radiation from the TA antenna according to the prior art.
- the aperture at half radiated power (3 dB) reaches approximately 120 ° for the antenna la4.
- the openings of the radiation pattern at 3 dB can vary from 60 ° to at least approximately 120 °.
- the radiation efficiency remains greater than 90% for all the antennas according to the invention.
- a preferred method of manufacturing a printed antenna with linear polarization 1a according to the invention mainly comprises four steps E1, E2, E3 and
- the production starts from a block of thin foam BL of thickness h + e, of width greater than W and of length greater than La.
- step E2 two rectangular cavities C with a bottom of thickness e, are machined symmetrically with respect to the transverse axis in one face of the block BL so that the cavities are separated by a transverse strip BA having the section (h .L2) of jump 5a.
- the cavities C have a width greater than L1 and a length greater than W.
- the upper face of the block BL with the cavities is metallized by depositing a layer of metallic paint to constitute the conductive layer 4a.
- the metallic paint covers the strip BA and the bottom of the cavities C.
- the metallic paint also covers the underside of the block so as to constitute the ground plane 3a.
- the ground plane 3a is constituted by a metal support on which the block of machined foam is fixed.
- step E4 the antenna la is cut in D by a second machining in the metallized block along the rectangular outline (W.La) of the conductive layer 4a and the elongated rectangular outline of the microstrip supply line 7a.
- an antenna 1b with a ground plane 3b shaped with a projection 5b can also be machined in a block of dielectric foam BL.
- the section of the projection 5a, 5b transverse to the plane of symmetry YY is not limited to the rectangular or square profile shown in FIGS. 1 and 3.
- the reduction in the length of L to La, Lb of the antenna generating a central zone of very high impedance may result from another symmetrical profile of the cross section of the projection, for example substantially sinusoidal 51, as shown in FIG. 14, or substantially isosceles or isosceles trapezoidal, or even substantially in stair steps 52 as shown in Figure 15, with bearings parallel or inclined relative to the faces of the substrate.
- the antenna includes both parallel projections superimposed on the faces of the substrate. For example, as shown in FIG.
- the faces of the substrate 2ab of the lab antenna respectively comprise a first projection 52ab with rectangular cross section for the first conductive layer of ground plane 3ab and a second projection 51ab with sinusoidal cross section for the second conductive layer of radiating element 4ab.
- the projections 52ab and 51ab extend one above the other longitudinally to the plane of symmetry YY and are covered respectively by the layers 3ab and 4ab.
- the half-wave antenna 1a, 1b Compared to a quarter wave ground return antenna which is not symmetrical with respect to in two planes, the half-wave antenna 1a, 1b according to the invention retains, despite the projection 5a, 5b, a double symmetry along the plane of symmetry YY longitudinal to the projection and a plane of symmetry XX perpendicular to the projection and longitudinal to the supply line 7a, as shown in Figures 2 and.
- This double symmetry makes it possible to confer the advantages of the jump to an antenna with two crossed polarizations, and more particularly to an antenna with circular polarization described below.
- a printed antenna with circular polarization the according to the invention has a doubly symmetrical structure with respect to two planes of symmetry XX and YY perpendicular to each other and to the faces of one antenna.
- the antenna comprises it on a first face of a thin dielectric substrate 2c of thickness e a metal layer 3c, which can be a metal base, to constitute the ground plane of the antenna le, and in the center of a second face of the substrate 2c, a conductive layer 4c covering two projections 5c of identical size perpendicular to each other to form a central cross with four equal branches.
- the projections 5c have a height h generally greater than the thickness e of the substrate 2c and a length Le such that:
- L2 denotes the width of each projection
- Ll the width of the four square surfaces of the metal layer 4c located at the base of the cross formed by the projections 5c and arranged on the second face of the substrate 2c
- L the corresponding length of a flat square patch of an antenna according to the prior art.
- the antenna thus presents it two perpendicular planes of symmetry XX and YY longitudinal respectively to the crossed projections 5c and a conductive layer 4c forming a radiating element having a reduced square surface (Le. Le) on the substrate 2c.
- the antenna is fed by a coaxial probe 7c whose external conductive base is fixed to the ground plane 3c and whose internal conductor passes only through the dielectric support 21c.
- the end of the internal conductor of the coaxial probe 7c is welded to the end of a branch 81c forming an access to the top of a hybrid coupler 8c at 3dB-90 °.
- the coupler 8c is configured substantially along the outline of a square and photo-etched on the upper face of the support 21c.
- Another vertex, located in front in Figures 17 and 18, can be connected to the internal conductor of a second coaxial probe (not shown) for cross-polarization operation.
- the other two vertices 82c of the coupler 8c are extended by metallic bushings 83c which are formed through the ends of the two projections 5c and the ends of which are in metallic contact by welding 84c with the conductive layer 4c extending over the tops of the projections 5c.
- the relative permittivity of the dielectric support 21c is significantly higher than that of the substrate 2c so that for the operating frequencies of the antenna of the order of gigahertz, the dimensions of the coupler 8c are small and therefore compatible with the compactness of the antenna.
- the antenna 2c is produced, substantially according to steps analogous to steps E1 to E4, with regard to the block of dielectric foam 21c, by digging by machining four cavities to form two cross bands forming after cutting the two perpendicular projections 5c, and by digging an underlying cavity to receive the dielectric support 21c supporting the hybrid coupler 8c.
- the dielectric substrate 21c has an overall thickness e of 10 mm with a cavity with a thickness of 635 ⁇ m for receiving the dielectric support 21c having a thickness of 635 ⁇ m.
- FIG. 20 shows the adaptation A and the transmission TC for a preferred circular polarization rotating in the anticlockwise direction, compared to a TD transmission rotating in the direction direct clockwise, depending on the frequency.
- the antenna resonates around a frequency of 2 GHz with an adaptation to 10 dB of around 20% for the bandwidth, which corresponds to a bandwidth of 410 MHz.
- the effective bandwidth in transmission is lower, of the order of 13%.
- the lengths of the projections 5c are different for an operation with elliptical polarization with one probe, or an operation with crossed polarizations with two probes.
- the invention is not limited to crossed parallelepipedic projections 5c for an operation with crossed polarizations, in particular with circular polarization.
- the two projections can be replaced by a central projection with axial symmetry around a central axis of symmetry ZZ perpendicular to the faces of the substrate 2d coated with the conductive layers 3d and 4d.
- the projection 5d is a macaroon.
- the projection has a discoid, frustoconical or conical or dome or bell shape, with a circular or elliptical base on the substrate.
- At least two ends of supply coupler 84d are provided on the projection 5d, on two axes perpendicular to each other and to the axis of symmetry ZZ, at equal or different distances from the axis ZZ.
Landscapes
- Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
- Details Of Aerials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0017257 | 2000-12-26 | ||
FR0017257A FR2818811A1 (fr) | 2000-12-26 | 2000-12-26 | Antenne imprimee pastille compacte |
PCT/FR2001/004064 WO2002052680A1 (fr) | 2000-12-26 | 2001-12-19 | Antenne imprimee pastille compacte |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1346442A1 true EP1346442A1 (fr) | 2003-09-24 |
EP1346442B1 EP1346442B1 (fr) | 2004-09-08 |
Family
ID=8858373
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP01995742A Expired - Lifetime EP1346442B1 (fr) | 2000-12-26 | 2001-12-19 | Antenne imprimee pastille compacte |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20020113736A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1346442B1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE60105447T2 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2818811A1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2002052680A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2005051747A (ja) * | 2003-07-14 | 2005-02-24 | Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd | アンテナ装置およびその製造方法 |
FR2869727B1 (fr) | 2004-04-30 | 2007-04-06 | Get Enst Bretagne Etablissemen | Antenne planaire a plots conducteurs s'etendant a partir du plan de masse et/ou d'au moins un element rayonnant, et procede de fabrication correspondant |
US8552835B2 (en) * | 2005-10-28 | 2013-10-08 | Mojix, Inc. | RFID system with low complexity implementation and pallet coding error correction |
WO2007094868A2 (fr) | 2005-10-28 | 2007-08-23 | Mojix, Inc. | Récepteur rfid |
US7873326B2 (en) * | 2006-07-11 | 2011-01-18 | Mojix, Inc. | RFID beam forming system |
WO2008027650A2 (fr) * | 2006-07-11 | 2008-03-06 | Mojix Inc. | Système rfid |
US7667652B2 (en) * | 2006-07-11 | 2010-02-23 | Mojix, Inc. | RFID antenna system |
EP2137710B1 (fr) | 2007-03-23 | 2019-10-09 | Mojix, Inc. | Systèmes rfid utilisant un réseau d'exciteurs distribués |
US8072311B2 (en) | 2008-04-14 | 2011-12-06 | Mojix, Inc. | Radio frequency identification tag location estimation and tracking system and method |
GB2485310B (en) * | 2009-08-06 | 2014-12-10 | Indian Space Res Organisation | Printed quasi-tapered tape helical array antenna |
JP5702675B2 (ja) | 2010-06-18 | 2015-04-15 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 半導体装置の作製方法 |
US9008239B2 (en) | 2011-03-07 | 2015-04-14 | Mojix, Inc. | Collision detection using a multiple symbol noncoherent soft output detector |
US9602316B2 (en) | 2011-03-07 | 2017-03-21 | Mojix, Inc. | Multiple symbol noncoherent soft output detector |
US9883337B2 (en) | 2015-04-24 | 2018-01-30 | Mijix, Inc. | Location based services for RFID and sensor networks |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH02284505A (ja) * | 1989-04-26 | 1990-11-21 | Kokusai Denshin Denwa Co Ltd <Kdd> | マイクロストリップアンテナ |
US5216430A (en) * | 1990-12-27 | 1993-06-01 | General Electric Company | Low impedance printed circuit radiating element |
JPH08510622A (ja) * | 1994-03-08 | 1996-11-05 | セテルコ セルラー テレフォーン カンパニー アー/エス | ハンディ送/受信装置 |
EP1026774A3 (fr) * | 1999-01-26 | 2000-08-30 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Antenne pour terminaux de radiocommunication sans fil |
-
2000
- 2000-12-26 FR FR0017257A patent/FR2818811A1/fr active Pending
-
2001
- 2001-12-19 EP EP01995742A patent/EP1346442B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-12-19 DE DE60105447T patent/DE60105447T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-12-19 WO PCT/FR2001/004064 patent/WO2002052680A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-12-21 US US10/023,978 patent/US20020113736A1/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO02052680A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2002052680A1 (fr) | 2002-07-04 |
FR2818811A1 (fr) | 2002-06-28 |
DE60105447D1 (de) | 2004-10-14 |
EP1346442B1 (fr) | 2004-09-08 |
US20020113736A1 (en) | 2002-08-22 |
DE60105447T2 (de) | 2005-11-17 |
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