EP1343180B1 - Dispositif a fonctionnement electromagnetique - Google Patents

Dispositif a fonctionnement electromagnetique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1343180B1
EP1343180B1 EP00974984A EP00974984A EP1343180B1 EP 1343180 B1 EP1343180 B1 EP 1343180B1 EP 00974984 A EP00974984 A EP 00974984A EP 00974984 A EP00974984 A EP 00974984A EP 1343180 B1 EP1343180 B1 EP 1343180B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
split
coil
excitation
current
operating device
Prior art date
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP00974984A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1343180A4 (fr
EP1343180A1 (fr
Inventor
Taku Nagano
Koichi Ohba
Yasuyuki Shingu
Kenichi Hirano
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Yuken Kogyo Co Ltd
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Yuken Kogyo Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F7/1607—Armatures entering the winding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/13—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures characterised by pulling-force characteristics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/18—Circuit arrangements for obtaining desired operating characteristics, e.g. for slow operation, for sequential energisation of windings, for high-speed energisation of windings
    • H01F7/1805—Circuit arrangements for holding the operation of electromagnets or for holding the armature in attracted position with reduced energising current
    • H01F7/1827—Circuit arrangements for holding the operation of electromagnets or for holding the armature in attracted position with reduced energising current by changing number of serially-connected turns or windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/18—Circuit arrangements for obtaining desired operating characteristics, e.g. for slow operation, for sequential energisation of windings, for high-speed energisation of windings
    • H01F7/1805—Circuit arrangements for holding the operation of electromagnets or for holding the armature in attracted position with reduced energising current
    • H01F7/1833—Circuit arrangements for holding the operation of electromagnets or for holding the armature in attracted position with reduced energising current by changing number of parallel-connected turns or windings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8158—With indicator, register, recorder, alarm or inspection means
    • Y10T137/8225—Position or extent of motion indicator
    • Y10T137/8242—Electrical

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electromagnetic operating device, and more specifically to an electromechanical transducer comprising a solenoid type electromagnet device particularly suitable for economization of power consumption, the speeding up of the operation thereof or an improvement in responsiveness, for driving and operating a valve element of a solenoid operated valve such as a proportional electromagnetic control valve, etc., by a mechanical output against a spring force preloaded on the valve element.
  • a solenoid type electromagnet device particularly suitable for economization of power consumption, the speeding up of the operation thereof or an improvement in responsiveness
  • electromagnetic operating devices for various electromagnetic operated valves such as a directional controll valve, a proportional control valve, etc.
  • various types of electromechanical transducers for respectively exerting a mechanical output on a valve element against a spring force.
  • an electromagnet device using a solenoid coil generally, an electromagnetic plunger device called a solenoid device has been widely used, and contrivances for economizing power consumption and making size and weight reductions have heretofore been proposed in various ways.
  • an iron core structure made principally of a fixed core, a movable core, and a yoke is equipped with a solenoid coil.
  • Magnetic fluxes produced from the excited solenoid coil pass through a magnetic path formed by the iron core structure, so that the movable core forming an air gap in the magnetic path with respect to the fixed core is magnetically attracted to the fixed core.
  • a mechanical output based on the displacement of the movable core at this time is transmitted to the valve element through, for example, a push rod or a coil spring.
  • a power supply current supplied to a parallel combined coil needs twice in order to obtain the same attraction force as in the case of the solenoid coil having 1,000 turns corresponding to the original number of turns.
  • a power loss and electromagnetic induction noise in wiring and each coil also increase as well as an increase in power load to be borne by each of a drive circuit and a power supply for the solenoid device.
  • the use of the solenoid coil reduced in the number of turns is effective in speeding up the operation and improving the responsiveness, a coil that excessively increases in drive current, has been taken as unrealistic in terms of practical use.
  • the solenoid device for the ON/OFF-operation such as the directional controll valve or the like in particular needs to supply a relatively large excitation current in order to exert a sufficient magnetic attraction force on the movable core away from the fixed core in an excitation initial state.
  • a relatively low current value for merely holding the movable core in an attracted state is needed after switching of the valve, and wastage of power cannot be ignored when excitation is continuously carried out with the same excitation current. Therefore, there has heretofore been known a contrivance for inserting a resistor into a coil in series to thereby reduce an excitation current when a certain time has elapsed.
  • a principal object of the present invention is to provide an electromagnetic operating device capable of achieving the speeding up at an excitation start initial stage and an improvement in responsiveness without increasing a power load on each of a drive circuit and a power supply even if a solenoid coil is made up of split coils, as the solenoid type electromagnetic operating device which needs the relatively large current only for the limited short period at the excitation start initial stage as described above.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an electromagnetic operating device effectively adaptable to power saving in a similar configuration.
  • To provide an electromagnetic operated valve equipped with electromagnetic operating devices each used as a valve driving electromechanical transducer is also a further object of the present invention.
  • an electromagnetic operating device which constitutes an electromechanical transducer for exerting a mechanical output on a valve element against a spring force preloaded on the valve element
  • said device comprises a solenoid coil including a plurality of split coils which are electrically independent from each other, a magnetic or iron core structure including a fixed core, a movable core and a yoke, said core structure being assembled with said solenoid coil in such a way as to form a magnetic path loop through which magnetic fluxes produced from the split coils pass in common, an excitation controller for selectively switching and controlling the excitation each of the split coils, and a transmission mechanism for transmitting the mechanical output on the basis of the displacement of the movable core magnetically attracted to the fixed core to the valve element when any one or more of the split coils are excited.
  • the excitation controller comprises a current amplifier for producing an excitation current of magnitude corresponding to a current command value externally supplied.
  • the excitation controller is capable of selectively changing the number of split coils excited simultaneously, or switching excitation to splits coils different in time constant.
  • Suitably setting the magnitude of an excitation current in each case makes it possible to achieve the speeding up of operation at the start of excitation and an improvement in responsiveness or achieve post-switching power saving.
  • the operation of reducing a power supply current after the elapse of a period at an excitation start initial stage can be performed by decreasing the number of split coils to be excited or by switching between the split coils to be excited, uselessly consumed power can be also reduced as compared with the case in which a series resistor is inserted. Since a semiconductor switching device performs a shutoff operation after a short-time conduction period even where switching to the excitation coils is done by the semiconductor switching device, the use of a semiconductor switching device large in power loss is not so necessary and hence a normal smalt-sized terminal box capable of being mounted on a case of a solenoid coli is enough for an electrocally-equipped box for storing it.
  • the split coils are made up of a plurality of layers of split coil layers divided in the thickness direction of a wound layer of a solenoid coil.
  • the split coils are made up of a plurality of short solenoids disposed adjacently one another in the axial direction of the solenoid coil.
  • coils are wound by one except for it, e.g., a multi-core conductor such as two-core or more conductors electrically isolated from one another, whereby individual split coils may be constituted by the respective core conductors.
  • the split coils may have the same design specifications electrically substantially equal to one another or may include a plurality of split coils different in electrical design specifications from one another.
  • proportional control for example, individual split coils are sequentially excited on a time-division basis, and drive energy based on a commutation operation of each split coil is used, whereby the total drive force of the split coils may be maintained as a result.
  • a plurality of split coils are simultaneously parallel-excited to obtain rated thrust at the beginning of excitation, and excitation based on the subsequent retention current is capable of achieving energy saving as split excitation of only the partial number of coils equivalent to the reduced number of ampere turns commensurate with a power level to be retained.
  • the excitation controller includes a switching circuit for time-division exciting the split coils in order.
  • the split coils are time-divisionally excited upon a rated operation in particular to obtain rated thrust with relatively low power consumption, thereby making it possible to avoid an increase in a load on a power supply at the occurrence of the rated thrust.
  • the plurality of split coils may preferably be parallel-excited simultaneously over a limited period at an excitation start initial stage by the excitation controller.
  • high thrust can be obtained with high responsiveness only for a short time at the excitation start initial stage.
  • the excitation controller includes a time limit circuit for simultaneously parallel-exciting the plurality of split coils over a limited period at an excitation start initial stage and thereafter substantially shutting off excitation of at least one of the split coils to thereby hold a state of excitation of the remaining split coils.
  • the time constant of the solenoid coil is effectively reduced upon parallel excitation.
  • parallel split coils relatively small in time constant are excited for a period in which a large force at the excitation initial stage is required, when the electromagnetic operating device is used for an electromagnetic valve, for example, to execute changeover operation of the electromagnetic valve at high speed.
  • the split coils are excited singly or in a series state by a relatively small current for holding the state of the changeover to thereby make it possible to achieve power saving.
  • the excitation controller is capable of including a current amplifier for producing an excitation current of magnitude corresponding to a current command value externally supplied.
  • the split coils are substantially identical to one another in electrical design specifications
  • the excitation controller includes a plurality of semiconductor switching devices for individually switching excitation currents every split coils, a pulse width modulator for periodically switching-driving the semiconductor switching devices under sequential pulse commutation control with phase differences corresponding to the number of the split coils in accordance with a sync signal, and a current amplifier for producing an excitation current of magnitude corresponding to a current command value externally supplied, so that each output pulse width of the pulse width modulator is varied in accordance with the command value by the output of the current amplifier thereby changing an operation time width of each of the semiconductor switching devices in accordance with the output pulse width.
  • the output pulse widths of the pulse width modulator are expanded, so that the operation times of the respective semiconductor switching devices overlap each other and the split coils are parallel-excited simultaneously. Therefore, high responsiveness equivalent the solenoid coil reduced in both coil resistance and the number of turns can be obtained and hence the responsiveness of the electromagnetic operating device is improved at the excitation start initial stage.
  • each output pulse width of the pulse width modulator becomes narrow, so that the overlapping of the operation times of the semiconductor switching devices is less reduced or brought to naught.
  • excitation timings of the split coils at this time i.e., operating cycles and phase differences of the semiconductor switching devices are designed in advance so as to become equivalent to excitation currents flowing into the split coils in order, which are to flow through "an equivalent solenoid coil of a non-split coil configuration" as viewed from the power supply side
  • the averaging of currents of the whole solenoid and the averaging of power supply currents are achieved so that their current peaks can be maintained equivalently to that in the case of non-split coil configuration.
  • the responsiveness can be effectively enhanced without increasing a load on each of the coil drive circuit and power supply.
  • the excitation controller may further include a synchronous circuit for controlling commutation cycles and phase differences of the pulse width modulator in such a manner that when the current command value corresponds to the maximum thrust current command value at the excitation start initial stage, the overlapping of the operation times of the semiconductor switching devices reach the maximum, and when the current command value corresponds to the steady thrust current command value for proportional control, the overlapping of the operation times of the semiconductor switching devices is substantially avoided.
  • the split coils include a first split coil and a second split coil different in electrical design specifications, particularly in coil time constant, from each other.
  • the solenoid coil may have a feature that a wire diameter of the second split coil is larger than that of the first split coil, or a feature that the number of turns of the second split coil is fewer than that of the first split coil, or both the features.
  • wound layers of these split coils can be concentrically laminated and, in particular, it is preferable that the wound layer of one of the split coils, which generates higher heat amount than that in the other of the split coils in accordance with the excitation conditions, may be laminated on the outer periphery of the wound layer of the other of the split coils.
  • the excitation controller may comprise a current switching circuit for exciting the second split coil with a first current value over the limited period at the excitation start initial stage, thereafter substantially shutting off excitation of the second split coil and starting excitation to the first split coil with a second current value lower than the first current value.
  • the electromagnetic operating device is utilized for an electromagnetic valve, for example, the second split coil relatively low in the number of turns and small in time constant is excited by a large current during a period in which a large force at the excitation initial stage is required, to thereby execute changeover of the electromagnetic valve at high speed.
  • the excitation of the second split coil is shut off and the first split coil is excited with a relatively low current value for holding the state of its changeover, thereby making it possible to achieve power saving without using a resistor which produces needless power consumption.
  • a current amplifier for producing an excitation current of magnitude corresponding to a current command value externally supplied can further be provided.
  • the electromagnetic operating device further comprises current detecting means for detecting the magnitude of a load current flowing through the solenoid coil, and a current feedback circuit for returning a part of current value detected by the current detecting means to the current amplifier.
  • the electromagnetic operating device may further comprise a magnetic sensor for detecting the intensity of a magnetic field produced from the solenoid coil, and a magnetic feedback circuit for feeding back a detected output of the magnetic sensor to the current amplifier.
  • the electromagnetic operating device may further comprise a displacement sensor for detecting the amount of displacement of the movable core, and a position feedback circuit for feeding back a detected output of the displacement sensor to the current amplifier.
  • the present invention also provides an electromagnetic operated valve equipped with the above-described electromagnetic operating device according to the present invention.
  • the mechanical output of the electromagnetic operating device acts on a valve element for controlling fluid pressure/flow rate, for changeover of the flow direction, or for opening/closing of a flow passage, against a spring force preloaded on the valve element, thereby achieving an improvement in the responsiveness of the operation of the valve element and/or power saving.
  • Fig. 1 is an explanatory view showing a schematic configuration of an electromagnetic operating device according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram illustrating a configuration example of an excitation controller.
  • Fig. 3 is a diagram showing current step response characteristics of split coils, wherein ordinate indicates current I [A], and abscissa indicates time T [msec].
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic circuit diagram illustrating another configuration example of the excitation controller.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram showing a further configuration example of the excitation controller.
  • Fig. 6 is a time-based PWM pulse waveform diagram for describing the operation of a pulse width modulator.
  • Fig. 7 is an explanatory view typically showing a change in current flowing in each split coil switching-controlled by a PWM output pulse.
  • Fig. 8 is an explanatory view showing a schematic configuration of an electromagnetic operating device according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration of an electromagnetic operating device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • This embodiment illustrates a proportionally-operated type wherein a spool type valve element V of a proportional electromagnetic control valve is driven against a spring force preloaded on the valve element by a well-known return spring.
  • the electromagnetic operating device constitutes a proportional solenoid device provided with a solenoid coil 10 comprising a plurality of split coils 10a, 10b, 10c and 10d which are electrically independent of one another, an iron or magnetic core structure comprising a fixed core 11, a movable core 12 and a yoke 13 and assembled with the solenoid coil 10 in such a way as to form a magnetic path loop where magnetic fluxes produced from the split coils pass in common, an excitation controller 14 for selectively switching the application of a current to each split coil and controlling the current value in accordance with externally applied command signals, and a push rod 15 for transmitting a mechanical output based on the displacement of the movable core 12 magnetically attracted to the fixed core 11 to a valve element V when any one or more of the split coils are excited.
  • a solenoid coil 10 comprising a plurality of split coils 10a, 10b, 10c and 10d which are electrically independent of one another
  • an iron or magnetic core structure comprising
  • the excitation controller 14 can take various circuit configurations and is accommodated or stored within a component box 16 mounted on a case of the solenoid coil 10 in the example illustrated in Fig. 1 .
  • a differential transformer-type displacement sensor 17 Coupled to a tail end of the push rod 15 is a differential transformer-type displacement sensor 17 for detecting the amount of displacement of the movable core 12 or its position and supplying a feedback signal to the excitation controller.
  • the solenoid coil 10 comprises four shorter solenoids or split coils 10a, 10b, 10c and 10d which are adjucently disposed with each other in their solenoid axial directions.
  • the split coils are identical in electrical design specification since any of the respective split coils is driven under the same energy.
  • an objective solenoid coil this non-split equivalent solenoid coil will hereinafter be called "standard coil”
  • standard coil an objective solenoid coil having a rated thrust 54N
  • each of the respective split coils 10a, 10b, 10c and 10d may be formed by a shorter solenoid having a coil resistance of 2.5 ⁇ .
  • the combined coil resistance as viewed from the power supply results in 0.625 ⁇ .
  • the solenoid coil may be formed by split coils which are split with wound layers, and the number of split coils is not limited to four.
  • a coil resistance of each split coil results in 5 ⁇ and a parallel combined coil resistance thereof results in 5 ⁇ .
  • a coil resistance of each split coil results in 1.667 ⁇ and a parallel combined coil resistance results in 0.278 ⁇ .
  • split coils When such split coils are rated-operated, they are all excited in a series connection under the control of the excitation controller 14.
  • a current value at the generation of the rated thrust of the standard coil is taken as a reference current
  • current values flowing through the individual split coils in the series-excited state are equal to the reference current, and a power supply output current remains at the reference current.
  • the respective split coils are excited in a parallel connection over a limited period subsequent to the start of excitation under the control of the excitation controller 14 at an excitation start initial stage.
  • Current values flowing through the individual split coils at this time are also made equal to the reference current. Accordingly, a power supply current in this case results in one obtained by multiplying the reference current by the number of split coils.
  • the excitation controller 14 in this case includes a parallel/series switching circuit 21 which parallel-excites a plurality of split coils over a limited period at the excitation start initial stage and thereafter series-excites all of the split coils.
  • all the split coils are series-excited upon the rated operation to acquire rated thrust. Only for a short time at the excitation start initial stage, the plurality of split coils are parallel-excited to make it possible to acquire high thrust at high response and avoid an increase in load on the power supply at the generation of the rated thrust.
  • the excitation controller 14 shown in Fig. 2 also includes a current amplifier 22 which receives a position feedback signal Vf from the displacement sensor 17 and is responsive to a current command Is for proportional control to produce an excitation current corresponding to the command, and a current detection resistor 23 which detects a load current flowing through each individual split coil and feeds back it to the input of the current amplifier 22 as a negative feedback signal.
  • a current amplifier 22 which receives a position feedback signal Vf from the displacement sensor 17 and is responsive to a current command Is for proportional control to produce an excitation current corresponding to the command
  • a current detection resistor 23 which detects a load current flowing through each individual split coil and feeds back it to the input of the current amplifier 22 as a negative feedback signal.
  • Table 1 shows results obtained by comparing improved effects of responsiveness by parallel-excitation of the split coils every coil-split numbers in contrast between various standard coils of number of turns "t".
  • ratio indicates a proportion of speeding-up of a response speed achieved by shortening of the rise time.
  • Fig. 3 shows results of measurements of current step response characteristics of each split coil and the standard coil at the application of a power supply voltage 24V.
  • the ordinate indicates a load current I [A]
  • the abscissa indicates an elapsed time T [msec] counted from the application of the voltage.
  • the rise time required up to a corresponding reference current value 4A is shortened to about 3.6msec.
  • the plurality of split coils are simultaneously parallel-excited within a limited period of the order of less than a slight 10msec to thereby achieve a high-speed rise and improve responsiveness.
  • the excitation controller 14 performs switching to series excitation to thereby excite all the split coils in a series connection state.
  • a reference current value of the standard coil e.g., 1A may be fed through each split coil to produce the rated thrust identical to that of the standard coil.
  • the load on the power supply is not excessively heavier than upon use of the standard coil.
  • the current values flowing through the individual split coils are identical even during the limited period at the excitation start initial stage and during the rated operation period. Therefore, the current flowing through any one of the split coils of the same characteristic is detected by the current detection resistor 23 upon proportional control to feed back, whereby stable control is enabled.
  • Fig. 4 shows another configuration example of the excitation controller.
  • An excitation controller 14a includes a time limit circuit 41 which simultaneously parallel-excites two split coils 10A and 10B over a limited period at the excitation start initial stage and thereafter substantially shuts off the excitation of one split coil 10B thereof to thereby hold the state of excitation of the remaining split coil 10A.
  • the number of split coils may of course be other than two. Also, the number of split coils parallel-excited and the number of subsequently shutoff split coils may be suitably selected.
  • the time limit circuit 41 is not limited to a circuit configuration wherein a timer circuit made up of a resistor R and a capacitor C is combined with a switching transistor Tr as shown in Fig. 4 , and it is needless to say that it can be modified by various analog or digital circuit technologies.
  • the transistor Tr is a switching transistor which turns on and off a current flowing through the split coil 10B in response to closure of a power switch SW. Since no electrical charge is stored in the capacitor C immediately after power-on, a base-to-emitter voltage is high so that the transistor Tr is brought into conduction to parallel-excite the split coils 10A and 10B simultaneously. With the conduction of the transistor Tr, the capacitor C is charged by its base current When the potential charged therein rises approximately to the power supply voltage after the elapse of a time interval determined by the RC time constant, the transistor Tr is cut off to substantially shut off the application of a current to the split coil 10B. When the power is shut off, the electrical charge stored in the capacitor C is discharged through a diode D so that the timer circuit is reset to its initial state.
  • the two split coils 10A and 10B are parallel-excited only for a short time at the excitation start initial stage to acquire high thrust with high responsiveness. Afterwards, the excitation of one split coil 10B is shut off and thereby the required thrust can be acquired by the excitation of the remaining split coil 10A alone. If, in this case, the electrical design specifications and power characteristics of the respective split coils are selected so as to produce the rated thrust in the parallel-excited state, then a movable core can be driven under sufficient thrust and high-speed initial rise characteristics by both the split coils simultaneously with the excitation start. After the completion of motion of the movable core, a low current equivalent to a load current for one split coil alone can be taken as a retention or hold current for maintaining its state. Thus, the aim of enhancing responsiveness and economizing power consumption can be achieved.
  • the manner of the excitation controller 14a shown in Fig. 4 can be used not only for an ON/OFF operation but also for a proportional operation.
  • the controller may include a current amplifier responsive to a current command for proportional control to thereby produce an excitation current corresponding to the command, and current detecting means for detecting a load current flowing through the split coil 10A as needed and thereby feeding back it to the input of the current amplifier as negative feedback signal.
  • coil specifications are selected so as to produce the rated thrust by excitation of one split coil 10A alone and set as power capacity adaptable to a relatively large instantaneous current at the excitation start initial stage, the speeding up of a rise can be also achieved.
  • Fig. 5 shows a further embodiment of the excitation controller.
  • split coils are such four uniformly-divided split coils 10a, 10b, 10c and 10b as shown in Fig. 1 .
  • the excitation controller 14b is one used for a proportional operation.
  • DC power is supplied to a terminal V+ from a drive power supply not shown.
  • the excitation controller 14b shown in Fig. 5 includes a plurality of switching transistors Tr1, Tr2, Tr3 and Tr4 for individually switching excitation currents for respective split coils, a pulse width modulator (PWM) 51 for periodically switching-driving the switching transistors under sequential pulse commutation control with phase differences corresponding to the number of split coils in accordance with a sync signal supplied from a synchronous circuit (SYNC) 54, a current amplifier 52 adapted to receive a position feedback signal Vf from a displacement sensor 17 and producing an excitation current corresponding to a current command Is externally supplied, and a current detection resistor 53 for detecting a load current flowing through the solenoid coil and feeding back it to the input of the current amplifier 52 as a negative feedback signal.
  • PWM pulse width modulator
  • Each PWM output pulse width of the modulator 51 is varied by the output from the current amplifier 52 in accordance with the value of the current command, and an operation time period of each switching transistor is controlled according to the output pulse width.
  • the synchronous circuit 54 controls commutation cycles and phase differences of the modulator 51 in such a manner that when the current command corresponds to a maximum thrust current command value at the excitation start initial stage, the overlapping of the operation times of the respective switching transistors reach the maximum, and when the current command corresponds to a steady thrust current command value for proportional control, the overlapping of the mutual operation times of the respective switching transistors is substantially brought to naught.
  • the excitation controller 14b maintains a principle that split coils are simultaneously parallel-excited upon a high-thrust high-speed operation and a combined parallel coil resistance is set to the one-square of the number of split coils to thereby drive the coils, and the current flowing through one split coil is always kept constant without changing ampere turn in order to maintain an attraction force.
  • a unit cycle of the PWM output pulse set for each phase is expressed in Ps in Fig. 6 .
  • An output pulse width of each phase is modulated according to the current command. As shown by arrow B in the figure, when the current command is of a large current, the pulse width becomes wide, whereas when the current command becomes a small current, the pulse width becomes narrow.
  • the pulse widths of the pulse outputs for the respective phases are respectively equal to the cycle, so each pulse output results in a 100% pulse width, and accordingly, all the transistors are simultaneously brought into conduction in this condition so that the split coils 10a, 10b, 10c and 10d are simultaneously parallel-excited.
  • the current command for such a large current is transiently given and thereby the load current as viewed from the power supply results in the sum of currents flowing through the respective split coils.
  • the enhancement of response at startup can be achieved.
  • the respective split coils are time-division excited in the four-phase cycles by the PWM output pulses from the modulator 51, so that an average source or power supply current is suppressed to the current value for the rated thrust generation.
  • This manner is typically shown in Fig. 7 .
  • the device As shown in Fig. 7 , the device generates instantaneous maximum thrust by a relatively large current during a period M. During a period N subsequent thereto, the device produces rated thrust required upon steady time by a relatively low current.
  • a magnetic sensor such as, for example, a hole element, is disposed within a fixed core 11 to detect the intensity of a magnetic field produced from the solenoid coil, and the detected intensity is fed back to the input of the current amplifier in the excitation controller to thereby obtain stable excitation control.
  • Fig. 8 shows a schematic configuration of an electromagnetic operating device according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the present embodiment provides an ON/OFF operation type device in which a valve element V of an electromagnetic valve is driven against a spring force preloaded on the valve element by a return spring.
  • the electromagnetic operating device includes a solenoid coil 80 which is composed of a first split coil 80a and a second split coil 80b electrically independent of one another, an iron core structure comprising a fixed core 81, a movable core 82 and a yoke 83 and assembled with the solenoid coil 80 in such a way as to form a magnetic path loop where magnetic fluxes produced from the split coils commonly pass, an excitation controller 84 for selectively switching and controlling the application of a current to each split coil, and a push rod 85 for transmitting a mechanical output based on the displacement of the movable core 82 magnetically attracted to the fixed core 81 to a valve element V when any one or more of the split coils are excited.
  • a solenoid coil 80 which is composed of a first split coil 80a and a second split coil 80b electrically independent of one another
  • an iron core structure comprising a fixed core 81, a movable core 82 and a yoke 83 and assembled with the solenoi
  • the excitation controller 84 can take various circuit configurations and is accommodated within a component box 86 mounted on a case of the solenoid coil 80 in the embodiment shown in Fig. 8 .
  • a pin 88 for manually operating the movable core 82 is disposed on the tail end of the push rod 85.
  • the split coils 80a and 80b form coil layers corresponding to two layers divided in the thickness direction of a wound layer.
  • the second split coil 80b is thicker than the first split coil 80a in diameter of winding. Further, the number of turns of the second split coil 80b is also fewer than that of the first split coil 80a. Accordingly, the second split coil 80b is smaller than the first split coil 80a in coil time constant. Namely, the second split coil 80b is a coil which allows a relatively large current to flow over a limited period at an excitation start initial stage, and the wound layer thereof is laminated on the outer periphery of the first split coil 80a taking account of heat generation under large current. It is needless to say that even if either split coil is placed on the outer side, a similar function can be obtained except for heat sink design.
  • an excitation switching circuit using a time limit circuit 41 similar to one shown in Fig. 4 can be employed. Namely, the both first and second split coils 80a and 80b are parallel-excited only for a short period at the excitation start initial stage to obtain high thrust with high responsiveness. Thereafter, the excitation of second split coil 80b is shut off and only the first split coil 80a is remained in the excited state to obtain necessary thrust.
  • the second split coil 80b is small in time constant and hence the initial responsiveness is much improved.
  • the first split coil 80a is used as a coil for a steady operation and the second split coil 80b is used as a coil for a high-speed startup, and they are respectively constituted by split coils one by one
  • a split coil for a high-speed startup may be composed of a plurality of parallel-connected split coils
  • a split coil for a steady operation may be composed of a combination of a plurality of split coils different in electrical design specifications from one another.
  • an excitation controller is capable of selectively changing the number of split coils excited simultaneously, or switching excitation to split coils different in time constant.
  • Suitably setting the magnitude of an excitation current in each case makes it possible to achieve the speeding up of operation at the start of excitation and an improvement in responsiveness or achieve economization of post-switching power consumption.
  • the operation for reducing a power supply current after the elapse of a period at an excitation start initial stage can be performed by decreasing the number of split coils to be excited or switching between the coils, uselessly consumed power can be also reduced as compared with the case in which a series resistor is inserted.
  • the semiconductor switching device performs a cutoff operation after a short-time conduction period, and therefore, there is no need to use a semiconductor switching device large in power loss and hence a normal small-sized terminal box capable of being mounted on a case of a solenoid coil is enough for a component box for housing it

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)

Abstract

Cette invention concerne un dispositif électromagnétique à solénoïde à bobinage complexe nécessitant un courant relativement élevé uniquement pendant un bref laps de temps au cours de la phase initiale de début d'excitation et pouvant se monter sur des machines qui consomment peu d'énergie, sans augmentation de la charge de puissance sur le circuit d'entraînement et l'alimentation en énergie, ce qui permet d'accélérer la commande de début d'excitation et d'améliorer la réactivité. Pour exercer une action mécanique sur le disque de soupape contre la force du ressort, le dispositif à fonctionnement électromagnétique fait appel aux organes suivants : bobinage de solénoïde fait de secteurs de bobine électriquement indépendants, noyau de fer fixe qui, combiné au bobinage de solénoïde, forme un chemin magnétique en boucle dans lequel passent les flux magnétiques produits par les secteurs de bobine, structure de noyau en fer faite d'un noyau de fer mobile et d'un étrier, commande d'excitation qui commande et commute sélectivement l'application de courant à chacun des secteurs du bobinage, et mécanisme de transmission transmettant la force mécanique au disque de soupape en fonction du déplacement du noyau de fer mobile qui est attiré vers le noyau de fer fixe lorsqu'un ou plusieurs secteurs du bobinage est/sont excité(s).

Claims (15)

  1. Dispositif à fonctionnement électromagnétique constituant un transducteur électromécanique pour exercer une sortie mécanique sur un élément de soupape (V) contre une force de ressort préchargée sur l'élément de soupape, comprenant une bobine de solénoïde (10, 80) incluant une pluralité de bobines fendues (10a, 10b, 10c, 10d ; 80a, 80b) qui sont électriquement indépendantes l'une de l'autre, une structure de noyau magnétique incluant un noyau fixe (11, 81), un noyau mobile (12, 82) et une culasse (13, 83), ladite structure de noyau étant assemblée avec ladite bobine de solénoïde (10, 80) de manière à former une boucle de chemin magnétique à travers laquelle des flux magnétiques produits par les bobines fendues (10a, 10b, 10c, 10d ; 80a, 80b) passent en commun, un contrôleur d'excitation (14, 14a, 14b, 84) pour sélectivement commuter et commander l'excitation de chacune des bobines fendues (10a, 10b, 10c, 10d ; 80a, 80b), et un mécanisme de transmission (15, 85) pour transmettre à l'élément de soupape (V) la sortie mécanique sur la base du déplacement du noyau mobile (12, 82) attiré magnétiquement par le noyau fixe (11, 81) lorsqu'une ou plusieurs des bobines fendues (10a, 10b, 10c, 10d ; 80a, 80b) sont excitées, caractérisé en ce que le contrôleur d'excitation (14, 14a, 14b, 84) comprend un amplificateur de courant (22, 52) pour produire un courant d'excitation de grandeur correspondant à une valeur de commande de courant fournie de l'extérieur.
  2. Dispositif à fonctionnement électromagnétique selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les bobines fendues se composent d'une pluralité de couches de bobines fendues (80a, 80b) divisées dans la direction d'épaisseur d'une couche enroulée de la bobine de solénoïde (80).
  3. Dispositif à fonctionnement électromagnétique selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les bobines fendues se composent d'une pluralité de solénoïdes courts (10a, 10b, 10c, 10d) disposés adjacents l'un à l'autre dans la direction axiale de la bobine de solénoïde.
  4. Dispositif à fonctionnement électromagnétique selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les bobines fendues (10a, 10b, 10c, 10d ; 80a, 80b) ont les mêmes spécifications de conception électriquement sensiblement égales entre elles.
  5. Dispositif à fonctionnement électromagnétique selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le contrôleur d'excitation (14, 14a, 14b, 84) comprend un circuit de commutation (21, 51) pour l'excitation à répartition dans le temps des bobines fendues dans l'ordre.
  6. Dispositif à fonctionnement électromagnétique selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le contrôleur d'excitation (14a) comprend un circuit de limite de temps (41) pour l'excitation simultanément parallèle de la pluralité de bobines fendues (10a, 10b) sur une période limitée à un stade initial de début d'excitation puis pour sensiblement arrêter l'excitation d'au moins l'une des bobines fendues (10a, 10b) pour de ce fait maintenir un état d'excitation des bobines fendues restantes.
  7. Dispositif à fonctionnement électromagnétique selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le contrôleur d'excitation (14b) comprend une pluralité de dispositifs de commutation à semi-conducteurs (Tr1, Tr2, Tr3, Tr4) pour commuter individuellement les courants d'excitation de l'une sur deux desdites bobines fendues (10a, 10b, 10c, 10d), et un modulateur de largeur d'impulsion (51) pour périodiquement commuter-entraîner les dispositifs de commutation à semi-conducteurs (Tr1, Tr2, Tr3, Tr4) sous contrôle de commutation d'impulsion séquentielle avec des différences de phase correspondant au nombre de bobines fendues (10a, 10b, 10c, 10d) en fonction d'un signal de synchronisation (54), et en ce que chaque largeur d'impulsion de sortie du modulateur de largeur d'impulsion (51) est varié en fonction de la valeur de commande par la sortie de l'amplificateur de courant (52) en changeant de ce fait une largeur de temps de fonctionnement de chacun des dispositifs de commutation à semi-conducteurs (Tr1, Tr2, Tr3, Tr4) en fonction de la largeur d'impulsion de sortie.
  8. Dispositif à fonctionnement électromagnétique selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que le contrôleur d'excitation (14b) comprend en outre un circuit synchrone (54) pour commander des cycles de commutation et des différences de phase du modulateur de largeur d'impulsion (51) de telle manière que lorsque la valeur de commande de courant (Is) correspond à une valeur de commande de courant de poussée maximum au stade initial de début d'excitation, le chevauchement des temps de fonctionnement des dispositifs de commutation à semi-conducteurs (Tr1, Tr2, Tr3, Tr4) atteint le maximum, et lorsque la valeur de commande de courant (Is) correspond à une valeur de commande de courant de poussée stable pour une commande proportionnelle, le chevauchement des temps de fonctionnement des dispositifs de commutation à semi-conducteurs (Tr1, Tr2, Tr3, Tr4) est sensiblement évité.
  9. Dispositif à fonctionnement électromagnétique selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les bobines fendues incluent une première bobine fendue (10a) et une deuxième bobine fendue (10b), la constante de temps de bobine de la deuxième bobine fendue (10b) étant inférieure à celle de la première bobine fendue (10a), et en ce que le contrôleur d'excitation (14a) comprend un circuit de commutation de courant (41) pour exciter la deuxième bobine fendue (10b) avec une première valeur de courant sur la période limitée au stade initial du début d'excitation, puis pour arrêter sensiblement l'excitation de la deuxième bobine fendue (10b) et pour commencer l'excitation de la première bobine fendue (10a) avec une deuxième valeur de courant inférieure à la première valeur de courant.
  10. Dispositif à fonctionnement électromagnétique selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce qu'un diamètre de fil de la deuxième bobine fendue (10b) est supérieur à celui de la première bobine fendue (10a).
  11. Dispositif à fonctionnement électromagnétique selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce qu'une couche enroulée de la deuxième bobine fendue (10b) est stratifiée concentriquement sur une périphérie extérieure d'une couche enroulée de la première bobine fendue (10a).
  12. Dispositif à fonctionnement électromagnétique selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le contrôleur d'excitation (14a, 14b) comprend en outre un moyen de détection de courant (23, 53) pour détecter la grandeur d'un courant de charge traversant la bobine de solénoïde (10), et un circuit de rétroaction de courant pour retourner une partie de la valeur de courant détectée par le moyen de détection de courant (23, 53) à l'amplificateur de courant (22, 52).
  13. Dispositif à fonctionnement électromagnétique selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif comprend en outre un capteur magnétique pour détecter l'intensité d'un champ magnétique produit par la bobine de solénoïde, et en ce que le contrôleur d'excitation (14, 14b) comprend en outre un circuit de rétroaction magnétique pour retourner une sortie détectée du capteur magnétique à l'amplificateur de courant (22, 52).
  14. Dispositif à fonctionnement électromagnétique selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif comprend en outre un capteur de déplacement (17) pour détecter la quantité de déplacement du noyau mobile (12), et un circuit de rétroaction de position pour retourner une sortie détectée (Vf) du capteur de déplacement (17) à l'amplificateur de courant (22, 52).
  15. Soupape à fonctionnement électromagnétique comprenant un transducteur électromécanique pour exercer une sortie mécanique sur un élément de soupape (V) pour commander la pression/le débit de fluide, pour changer le sens d'écoulement, ou pour ouvrir/fermer un passage d'écoulement, contre une force de ressort préchargée sur l'élément de soupape, caractérisée en ce que le transducteur électromécanique se compose du dispositif à fonctionnement électromagnétique selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 14.
EP00974984A 2000-11-14 2000-11-14 Dispositif a fonctionnement electromagnetique Expired - Lifetime EP1343180B1 (fr)

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DE112004001824T5 (de) * 2003-09-29 2006-07-27 Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc. Schieber zur Wahl der Spulenspannung und zur ortsfesten Verriegelung der Spule
DE102006039945B4 (de) * 2006-08-25 2010-04-22 Knorr-Bremse Systeme für Nutzfahrzeuge GmbH Mit verschiedenen Betriebsspannungen betreibbares elektromagnetisches Ventil und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
CN101859626A (zh) * 2009-04-09 2010-10-13 杨泰和 线圈并联启动串联保持的电磁致动装置
WO2012002801A1 (fr) * 2010-06-29 2012-01-05 Therp Holding B.V. Support de pièce à usiner pour le support d'une pièce à usiner généralement de type plaque pour un traitement par un outil de coupe thermique
JP5852918B2 (ja) * 2012-02-09 2016-02-03 株式会社日本自動車部品総合研究所 ソレノイド装置及び電磁継電器
EP2696362B1 (fr) * 2012-08-10 2017-03-22 Eaton Electrical IP GmbH & Co. KG Dispositif de commande pour un appareil de commutation doté d'une bobine d'attraction et de maintien séparée
WO2016181919A1 (fr) * 2015-05-11 2016-11-17 株式会社荏原製作所 Dispositif d'électroaimant, dispositif de commande d'électroaimant, procédé de commande d'électroaimant et système d'électroaimant
JP6436108B2 (ja) * 2016-01-26 2018-12-12 京セラドキュメントソリューションズ株式会社 ソレノイド装置及びそれを備えた画像形成装置
CN106409465A (zh) * 2016-06-27 2017-02-15 无锡希恩电气有限公司 组合式磁场线圈
CN107946020B (zh) * 2017-12-20 2023-10-31 中国电子科技集团公司第四十研究所 一种直流电磁铁工作状态反馈装置
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JP7232093B2 (ja) * 2019-03-25 2023-03-02 ルネサスエレクトロニクス株式会社 半導体装置
JP6783484B1 (ja) * 2020-03-09 2020-11-11 金子産業株式会社 電磁弁
CN112562962B (zh) * 2020-12-03 2022-08-12 安徽爱意爱机电科技有限公司 高速生产线用的推动式电磁铁结构
KR102406038B1 (ko) * 2021-11-15 2022-06-08 주식회사 비츠로이엠 철도 차량용 주회로차단기의 전자식 액추에이터 및 그 구동회로
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KR102533976B1 (ko) * 2022-11-02 2023-05-18 주식회사 비츠로이엠 IoT 네트워크 및 AI 기반 철도차량용 차단기 건전성 평가 장치, 방법 및 시스템
KR102673948B1 (ko) * 2023-12-01 2024-06-11 주식회사 비츠로이엠 다중 솔레노이드 코일을 이용한 전자식 액추에이터 및 그 구동회로

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EP1343180A4 (fr) 2004-03-17
EP1343180A1 (fr) 2003-09-10
KR20030091939A (ko) 2003-12-03
CN1479929A (zh) 2004-03-03
CN1235239C (zh) 2006-01-04
KR100686448B1 (ko) 2007-02-23
WO2002041333A1 (fr) 2002-05-23

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