Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/04—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
  • C10L1/08—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for compression ignition
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
  • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
  • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition

Definitions

• This invention relates to the operation of compression ignition engines, i.e., diesel engines, utilizing high pressure common rail fuel systems and to the fuels used to run such engines.
• the fuel used is a distillate fuel which is higher viscosity and density than most other transportation distillate fuels, e.g., gasoline, jet fuel, etc.
• a drawback of using such fuel in such conventional fuel system engines can be high smoke production.
• low density fuels are environmentally desirable. These fuels are also often associated with their lower aromatic content, lower sulfur content, lower T90 and lower content of polynuclear aromatic compounds. Sulfur and aromatics are typically reduced by incorporating hydrogen into the fuel molecules (i.e., raising the H/C ratio). This can have the effect of reducing fuel density and volumetric energy content. In general, when sulfur and aromatics are reduced density goes down, the fuel burns cleaner and the exhaust is more effectively cleaned by exhaust after treatment systems like catalytic converters and particle traps. It is also generally acknowledged, however, that the use of low density diesel fuels in conventional fuel system diesels reduces engine output and degrades vehicle performance. This is due to the lower volumetric energy content of low density fuels.
• Figure 1 reports the emission levels of hydrocarbon, NO x , particulate matter, hydrocarbon + NO x and CO produced (means of three runs) by a common rail diesel engine run on four fuels of different density and viscosity.
• low density fuel characterized as a fuel having density of about 0.83 g/cc or less, preferably about 0.825 g/cc or less, more preferably about 0.82 g/cc or less, a kinematic viscosity of about 3 cSt or less at 40°C, preferably about 2.6 cSt or less at 40°C, more preferably about 2.1 cSt or less at 40°C.
• Diesel fuel refers to an essentially hydrocarbon fuel which can contain various amounts of oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen and various trace elements, with a distillation curve falling in the range of about 140°C to 400°C.
• the fuel also has a sulfur content of about 0.05 wt% or less, more preferably about 0.04 wt% or less, still more preferably about 0.03 wt% or less.
• Sulfur can be measured by x-ray fluorescence and ultraviolet fluorescence.
• One particularly effective method for measuring low levels of distillate fuel sulfurs is ASTM D-5453.
• the fuel may also contain such other typical diesel fuel additives as cetane improvers pour point depressants/cold flow improvers, oxygenates (such as alcohols, ethers, esters, glycols, etc.), wax anti-settling additives, diesel fuel stabihzers, antioxidants, combustion improvers, detergents, demulsifiers, dehazers, lubricity additives, antifoamants, antistatic agents, conductivity improvers, corrosion inhibitors, drag reducing agents, reodorants, dyes, markers and the like.
• typical diesel fuel additives as cetane improvers pour point depressants/cold flow improvers, oxygenates (such as alcohols, ethers, esters, glycols, etc.), wax anti-settling additives, diesel fuel stabihzers, antioxidants, combustion improvers, detergents, demulsifiers, dehazers, lubricity additives, antifoamants, antistatic agents, conductivity improvers, corrosion inhibitors, drag reducing agents,
• high pressure common rail fuel system compression ignition engines can be operated with no performance debit and with a significant reduction in emissions by using as the fuel a low density diesel fuel characterized as a fuel having a density of about 0.83 g/cc or less, a viscosity of about 3 cSt or less at 40°C and preferably a sulfur content of about 0.05 wt% or less.
• the UK low sulfur ADO produced the highest emissions. Emissions of hydrocarbons, particulate matter and CO were all reduced by switching to lower density, lower viscosity fuels.
• Vehicle performance was measured by doing wide open throttle acceleration in fifth gear. Acceleration time form 50 to 120 km/hour was measured. Despite the difference in the fuels with respect to densities, there was no significant difference in acceleration times as would be expected in a conventional diesel engine.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
• Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)

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• 2001
  • 2001-10-16 US US09/978,510 patent/US20020151756A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2001-11-06 WO PCT/US2001/043691 patent/WO2002042619A2/en active Application Filing
  • 2001-11-06 EP EP01985995A patent/EP1341996A4/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2001-11-06 JP JP2002544523A patent/JP2004514746A/ja active Pending
  • 2001-11-06 AU AU2002236466A patent/AU2002236466A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2001-11-06 CA CA002428886A patent/CA2428886A1/en not_active Abandoned

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Non-Patent Citations (3)

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