EP1341977B1 - Verfahren zur herstellung eines holzträgers, holzträger und konstruktion zum bau eines gebäudes - Google Patents

Verfahren zur herstellung eines holzträgers, holzträger und konstruktion zum bau eines gebäudes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1341977B1
EP1341977B1 EP01996657A EP01996657A EP1341977B1 EP 1341977 B1 EP1341977 B1 EP 1341977B1 EP 01996657 A EP01996657 A EP 01996657A EP 01996657 A EP01996657 A EP 01996657A EP 1341977 B1 EP1341977 B1 EP 1341977B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
crosspieces
wooden
square
assembly
rulers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP01996657A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1341977A1 (de
Inventor
Claude Schmerber
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Dorean Sarl
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Dorean Sarl
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/12—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of wood, e.g. with reinforcements, with tensioning members
    • E04C3/17—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of wood, e.g. with reinforcements, with tensioning members with non-parallel upper and lower edges, e.g. roof trusses
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/12—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of wood, e.g. with reinforcements, with tensioning members
    • E04C3/16—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of wood, e.g. with reinforcements, with tensioning members with apertured web, e.g. trusses
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D3/00—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets
    • E04D3/02—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets of plane slabs, slates, or sheets, or in which the cross-section is unimportant
    • E04D3/16—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets of plane slabs, slates, or sheets, or in which the cross-section is unimportant of metal

Definitions

  • the wooden beams are monobloc and cut in the mass, or glued laminated, or constituted by the assembly of base elements of smaller dimensions.
  • Monobloc or glued laminated beams are of one high weight, bulky, difficult to handle, rigid, of ecological cost and economic high, and tend to crack.
  • Wooden beams made by assembling smaller basic elements The dimensions make it possible to lighten the frames, to facilitate assembly and to reduce the cost of construction.
  • the assembly of the basic elements between them is obtained from common way and not limited by flanges, glued dowels, trunnions, screws or complementary forms of glued interlocking.
  • the Publication FR-A-2 572 759 describes a beam obtained by the assembly of four parallel squares interconnected by crosspieces arranged in chevron. The assembly is made by fitting and gluing complementary grooves machined respectively in the squares and crosspieces.
  • the goal sought by this The invention is to produce rigid beams of great length. It is also in this purpose that the squares are prestressed before assembly and gluing or that the net network is doubled.
  • GB-A-1 603 357 discloses a beam of same construction but in which sleepers and squares are assembled by bonding of plywood spacers interposed between them and making it possible to stiffen assembly.
  • a major disadvantage of this type of assembly is that these different systems of fixing create rigid connections between the basic elements constituting the beam wooden, and allow no freedom of movement between these basic elements.
  • the beam obtained no longer has any elasticity. Therefore, when submitted to efforts, these rigid links generate very significant constraints in the assembly areas which weaken the basic elements concerned which could lead to their cracking, even their rupture.
  • this technique does not allow the realization of wooden beams of great scope. Indeed, bending due to the load applied on these wooden beams, generates too much effort in the areas assembly, and leads to the breaking of wooden beams.
  • the realization of beams in wood of this type therefore necessarily requires the use of least an intermediate load-bearing wall to reduce the stresses these wooden beams.
  • the present invention aims to overcome these disadvantages by proposing a method of manufacture of a simple wooden beam, economical, ecological, without machining, nor prestressing, allowing the beam to remain flexible, particularly in assembly areas, to evenly distribute the stresses throughout the beam, thus to increase the strength of the frames obtained by the assembly of these beams, and to be able to make long-span wooden beams without the need for intermediate bearing wall.
  • the invention also aims to propose a wooden beam having a good squareness and to ensure good bracing and good mechanical strength, especially in case of earthquakes, thanks to the flexibility of its assembly areas.
  • the invention aims to provide a timber frame for the construction of a building to improve the comfort of the habitat by eliminating squeaks and wood cracking noises, limiting cracks, and increasing flexibility of the floor, thanks to the flexibility of its assembly areas.
  • the invention relates to a manufacturing method as defined in preamble characterized in that it comprises the steps of laying a first blank and of a second square parallel and at a predetermined distance, from laying of minus two straight ties on the first two squares and sticking their contact areas by means of a so-called flexible adhesive, laying on said sleepers of a third square and a fourth square respectively opposite the first squares and second squares and gluing their contact areas by means a so-called flexible glue, and tightening the assembly thus obtained to crush the adhesive layers to a predetermined thickness, these adhesive layers being arranged to form after crushing and drying elastic joints in each area assembly of said beam allowing a relative movement between the squares and the corresponding sleepers.
  • the so-called flexible glue used is marketed under the brand name ADHEFLEX® T1.
  • the squares and sleepers have an identical section.
  • the sleepers are positioned at regular intervals and according to a predetermined pattern, to form by relative to the squares an angle ⁇ different from 90 °, for example between 20 and 40 °, and preferably equal to 30 °.
  • the sleepers are positioned in chevron.
  • the invention also relates to a wooden beam consisting of basic elements defining its edges and forming at least four squares connected by other elements base forming at least two sleepers, characterized in that the squares and sleepers are assembled into assembly areas by gluing their areas of contact according to the manufacturing method as defined above.
  • the glue used is a flexible glue arranged for form after drying elastic joints allowing a relative movement of squares in relation to the sleepers and conversely.
  • Squares and sleepers may have a section selected from the group containing at least one square, a rectangle.
  • At least one of the zones assembly is at least partially traversed by a holding rod.
  • the invention also relates to a timber frame for the construction of a building, characterized in that it consists of wooden beams as defined previously, assembled to form a frame slice comprising including poles, stakes and crossbowmen.
  • Several slices of frames can be arranged to form a modular frame.
  • the wood frame comprises wooden beams assembled by means of at least one joining element selected from the group comprising at least one gusset, a cable, a screwed plate or studded, a gap in recesses.
  • the wooden frame comprises wooden beams arranged to receive ducts, and / or caisson supports shutters, mosquito nets and solar panels.
  • the wooden beam 1 has a section forming part of a rectangle and has basic elements defining its edges and forming four squares 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, connected by base members forming sleepers 3a, 3b arranged in chevrons.
  • the basic elements are assembled into zones 5 by bonding their contact zones 4.
  • the squares 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d and the crosspieces 3a, 3b are wooden basic elements rectilinear. For them to be cut easily and in a standardized way, these basic elements preferably have an identical section, for example square or rectangular. A nonlimiting example of dimensions of a rectangular section of basic elements is 70 mm by 30 mm. This standardization of the cuts simplifies production and increases the efficiency of machines cutting. These basic elements can be used directly in raw parts out of sawmill or, where appropriate, after planing to adjust their section. They do not require no special machining or prestressing.
  • the length of the squares 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d is chosen according to the length of the beam to be manufactured.
  • the length crosspieces 3a, 3b which serve inter alia as spacers between the squares 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, is chosen according to the width of the beam to be manufactured.
  • the squares 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d and the crosspieces 3a, 3b are assembled by gluing their contact areas 4. Bonding is carried out in an advantageous manner by means of a so-called flexible glue.
  • This is actually a glue that has the advantage after drying, remain flexible and form an elastic seal allowing relative movements of base elements between them and therefore retaining to the resulting wooden beam flexibility.
  • a non-limiting example of so-called flexible glue is known under the name of ADHEFLFX® T1 and comprises in particular single-component polyurethane. Of course, other glues may be suitable, provided that they present this characteristic of indispensable flexibility.
  • the use of so-called glue flexible allows to better distribute the constraints in the assembly areas and therefore to increase the mechanical strength of these assembly areas.
  • the flexibility of the beam wood is improved which gives it a better resistance to stress mechanical, especially during earthquakes.
  • the beam including a beam of great length, is subjected to considerable bending forces, it undergoes a deformation by elasticity.
  • the tensile and compressive forces are distributed in the wood fibers that can be deformed thanks to their own elasticity and thanks to the elasticity of the glue joints.
  • this beam can reach mechanical performance far superior to traditional massive beams, him authorizing ranges of more than 8 meters.
  • the beam 1 may also include in its assembly zones 5 rods of which can be traversing and whose function will be explained in the description of the manufacturing process.
  • the number of sleepers will be adapted according to the length of the wooden beam 1 desired and the load envisaged.
  • the angle laying ⁇ defined between the squares 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, and the crosspieces 3a, 3b may be adapted.
  • the increase of this angle of repose ⁇ allows a decrease in the number of sleepers and therefore the cost of the wooden beam 1.
  • the choice of the pose angle ⁇ is therefore a compromise to be found between the cost of the beam in wood 1 and its desired performance.
  • the angle of application ⁇ can be between 20 and 40 °.
  • An angle of pose ⁇ equal to 30 ° appears to be for example, an optimal compromise.
  • This wooden beam 1 is manufactured according to a specific manufacturing process comprising the following steps.
  • a second step we apply and glue using the so-called soft glue defined above basic elements forming the sleepers 3a, 3b on the first two squares 2a, 2c, in a predetermined pattern, for example chevron at an angle laying preset ⁇ .
  • the sleepers 3a, 3b are laid in such a way that their ends do not exceed said squares 2a, 2c, towards the outside of said beam 1.
  • the layout of the basic herringbone elements ensures automatic a bracing of the wooden beam 1.
  • the squareness of the wooden beam 1 is guaranteed and thus confers on the wooden beam 1 a good stability dimensional in time.
  • a third step we put and glue on the sleepers 3a, 3b, using the glue-said flexible defined above, two other basic elements forming a third square 2b and a fourth square 2d, respectively opposite the first square 2a and the second square 2c.
  • the wooden beam 1 thus formed is placed in a press advantageously equipped with pneumatic cylinders.
  • the assembly zones 5 comprising the zones 4.
  • Glue layers crash to a predetermined thickness forming after drying of the elastic seals, the thickness of these elastic seals being determined by the thickness e of the wooden beam 1 and its notebook loads.
  • the joints Elastics have an optimum value of 0.6 to 0.7 mm.
  • This type of process is simple, fast, economical and environmentally friendly. It allows the manufacture of wooden beams 1 in a single piece of very varied dimensions ranging from a small girder beam to a so-called long reach timber beam, length can reach for example the 8 m.
  • the wooden beams 1 as well manufactured are of a reduced weight so easier to handle than the beams in monobloc wood or laminated wood.
  • Figure 2 illustrates an example of assembly of four wooden beams 1, numbered according to Figure 1: 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d.
  • the wooden beams 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d are used to form a post 11a, an entry 11b and a crossbow 11c, 11d.
  • the entry 11b is formed by the wooden beam 1b and another non-wooden beam shown, the two horizontal wooden beams and assembled end to end by via a gusset 6a. Thanks to the use of so-called flexible glue conferring better resistance to wooden beams 1, the entered 11b can be of great scope without requiring the use of intermediate bearing wall.
  • the bowman 11c is formed by the two wooden beams 1c, 1d, assembled end to end by the spacer horizontal 7 fitting into recesses 8 provided in the ends of the two beams 1c and 1d.
  • the ends of the wooden beams 1a, 1b, 1c comprise zones without cross member allowing the passage of a gusset 6b.
  • the assemblies of the beams in wood (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d) obtained in FIG. 2 through the gussets 6a, 6b and of the spacer 7, can also be obtained via other elements such as in particular cables, screwed or studded plates.
  • Figure 3 gives an example of a wooden frame 10 made with wooden beams 1 assemblies according to FIG. 2 to form links 11b, posts 11a and crossbowmen 11c.
  • This example shows how the 11b, 11a and 11b rafters 11c can be arranged to form "slices" of framework 9 and allow a modular assembly of a whole structure forming the timber frame 10 of a building, without interior bearing wall. Indeed, the framing slices 9 can to be placed next to each other to build at will buildings of varied lengths.
  • the so-called flexible adhesive provides good flexibility to these wooden frames 10, allowing to eliminate squeaks and crackling noises from the wood, to increase the flexibility of the floor, and more generally to improve the comfort of the habitat while limiting the risk of cracks.
  • the wooden beams 1 constituting the timber frames 10 define intervals advantageously used to receive technical sleeves allowing the passage electric cables or any type of pipe.
  • the technical sleeves thus housed in the wood frame 10 no longer pose aesthetic problems and / or congestion.
  • the wooden beams 1 can also be arranged to receive in a nonlimiting manner supports for the installation of caissons of shutters, mosquito nets and solar panels.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
  • Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)
  • Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
  • Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)

Claims (17)

  1. Herstellungsverfahren für einen Holzbalken (1), der aus Basiselementen besteht, die dessen Kanten festlegen und mindestens vier Vierkanthölzer (2a,2b,2c,2d) ausbilden, die mittels anderer Basiselemente miteinander verbunden sind, die mindestens zwei Traversen (3a,3b) ausbilden, wobei die Vierkanthölzer (2a,2b,2c,2d) und die Traversen (3a,3b) durch Kleben ihrer Kontaktzonen (4) in Verbindungszonen (5) verbunden sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Verfahren mindestens die folgenden Schritte umfasst: -
    Es wird parallel und mit einem zuvor festgelegten Abstand ein erstes und ein zweites Vierkantholz (2a,2c) gelegt,
    es werden mindestens zwei Traversen (3a,3b) auf die zwei Vierkanthölzer (2a,2c) gelegt und ihre Kontaktzonen (4) werden mittels eines so genannten Weichklebers geklebt,
    es wird jeweils ein drittes Vierkantholz (2b) und ein viertes Vierkantholz (2d) gegenüber dem ersten Vierkantholz (2a) und dem zweiten Vierkantholz (2c) auf die Traversen (3a,3b) gelegt und ihre Kontaktzonen (4) werden mittels eines so genannten Weichklebers geklebt,
    diese Verbindung wird gepresst, um die Klebstoffschichten auf eine zuvor festgelegte Dicke zusammenzudrücken, wobei die Klebstoffschichten in der Lage sind, nach dem Zusammendrücken und Trocknen elastische Fugen in jeder Verbindungszone des Balkens auszubilden, wodurch eine relative Bewegung zwischen den Vierkanthölzem und den entsprechenden Traversen ermöglicht wird.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der im Handel unter der Markenbezeichnung ADHEFLEX® T1 erhältliche Weichklebstoffverwendet wird.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in mindestens einer Verbindungszone (5) mindestens ein Haltestab positioniert wird.
  4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Vierkanthölzer (2a,2b,2c,2d) und Traversen (3a,3b) mit identischem Querschnitt verwendet werden.
  5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Traversen (3a,3b) in regelmäßigen Abständen und einer zuvor festgelegten Zeichnung entsprechend positioniert werden.
  6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Traversen (3a,3b) im Verhältnis zu den Vierkanthölzem (2a,2b,2c,2d) entsprechend einem sich von 90° unterscheidenden Einbauwinkel α positioniert werden.
  7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Einbauwinkel α vorzugsweise zwischen 20 und 40°, und vorzugsweise 30° entsprechend ausgewählt wird.
  8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Traversen (3a,3b) im Zickzack positioniert werden.
  9. Holzbalken (1), der aus Basiselementen besteht, die dessen Kanten festlegen und mindestens vier Vierkanthölzer (2a,2b,2c,2d) ausbilden, die mittels anderer Basiselemente miteinander verbunden sind, die mindestens zwei Traversen (3a,3b) ausbilden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vierkanthölzer (2a,2b,2c,2d) und die Traversen (3a,3b) durch Kleben ihrer Kontaktzonen (4) in Verbindungszonen (5) dem nach Anspruch 1 festgelegten Verfahren entsprechend verbunden werden.
  10. Holzbalken (1) nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es sich bei dem verwendeten Klebstoff um einen so genannten Weichklebstoff handelt, der in der Lage ist, nach dem Zusammendrücken und Trocknen elastische Fugen auszubilden, die eine relative Bewegung der Vierkanthölzer (2a,2b,2c,2d) und der entsprechenden Traversen (3a,3b) und umgekehrt ermöglichen.
  11. Holzbalken (1) nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vierkanthölzer (2a,2b,2c,2d) und die Traversen (3a,3b) einen Querschnitt aufweisen, der aus der Gruppe ausgewählt ist, die mindestens ein Quadrat und ein Rechteck umfasst.
  12. Holzbalken (1) nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens eine der Verbindungszonen (5) mindestens teilweise von einem Haltestab durchquert wird.
  13. Holzgerüst (10) zum Bauen eines Gebäudes, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es aus Holzbalken (1) nach Anspruch 9 besteht, die miteinander verbunden sind, um mindestens eine Gerüstscheibe (9) auszubilden, die mindestens einen Posten (11a), einen Dachbinder-Untergurt (11b) und einen Dachbinder-Obergurt (11c) aufweist.
  14. Holzgerüst (10) nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Gerüstscheibe (9) mindestens zwei Holzpfosten (1) aufweist, die durch mindestens ein Verbindungselement miteinander verbunden sind.
  15. Holzgerüst (10) nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Verbindungselement aus der Gruppe ausgewählt ist, die mindestens ein Eckstück (6a,6b), ein Kabel, eine geschraubte Platte oder eine mit Nägeln beschlagene Platte und eine Querverstrebung (7) umfasst.
  16. Holzgerüst (10) nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Gerüstscheiben (9) angeordnet sind, um ein modulierbares Holzgerüst auszubilden.
  17. Holzgerüst (10) nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Holzbalken (1) angeordnet sind, um Installationskanäle und/oder Träger für Rollladenkästen, Moskitonetze und Solarzellenpanels aufzunehmen.
EP01996657A 2000-11-14 2001-11-12 Verfahren zur herstellung eines holzträgers, holzträger und konstruktion zum bau eines gebäudes Expired - Lifetime EP1341977B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0014611A FR2816649B1 (fr) 2000-11-14 2000-11-14 Procede de fabrication d'une poutre en bois, poutre en bois et ossature bois pour la construction d'un batiment
FR0014611 2000-11-14
PCT/FR2001/003518 WO2002040802A1 (fr) 2000-11-14 2001-11-12 Procede de fabrication d'une poutre en bois, poutre en bois et ossature bois pour la construction d'un batiment

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1341977A1 EP1341977A1 (de) 2003-09-10
EP1341977B1 true EP1341977B1 (de) 2005-03-16

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EP01996657A Expired - Lifetime EP1341977B1 (de) 2000-11-14 2001-11-12 Verfahren zur herstellung eines holzträgers, holzträger und konstruktion zum bau eines gebäudes

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (1) US7185471B2 (de)
EP (1) EP1341977B1 (de)
JP (1) JP4033343B2 (de)
AT (1) ATE291135T1 (de)
AU (2) AU2002223055B2 (de)
CA (1) CA2426468C (de)
DE (1) DE60109485T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2239175T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2816649B1 (de)
HU (1) HUP0301385A3 (de)
PT (1) PT1341977E (de)
WO (1) WO2002040802A1 (de)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
HUP0301385A2 (hu) 2003-10-28
EP1341977A1 (de) 2003-09-10
FR2816649A1 (fr) 2002-05-17
DE60109485T2 (de) 2006-04-13
ATE291135T1 (de) 2005-04-15
AU2002223055B2 (en) 2006-06-01
FR2816649B1 (fr) 2003-12-12
DE60109485D1 (de) 2005-04-21
ES2239175T3 (es) 2005-09-16
JP2004514076A (ja) 2004-05-13
CA2426468C (fr) 2009-10-13
AU2305502A (en) 2002-05-27
WO2002040802A1 (fr) 2002-05-23
CA2426468A1 (fr) 2002-05-23
US7185471B2 (en) 2007-03-06
HUP0301385A3 (en) 2007-11-28
JP4033343B2 (ja) 2008-01-16
PT1341977E (pt) 2005-07-29
US20040074195A1 (en) 2004-04-22

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