EP1333129A1 - Prefabricated building panel - Google Patents

Prefabricated building panel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1333129A1
EP1333129A1 EP02250705A EP02250705A EP1333129A1 EP 1333129 A1 EP1333129 A1 EP 1333129A1 EP 02250705 A EP02250705 A EP 02250705A EP 02250705 A EP02250705 A EP 02250705A EP 1333129 A1 EP1333129 A1 EP 1333129A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pultrusion
panel
panel according
opposing
skins
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP02250705A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Christopher Ponting
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Corus UK Ltd
Original Assignee
Corus UK Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Corus UK Ltd filed Critical Corus UK Ltd
Priority to EP02250705A priority Critical patent/EP1333129A1/en
Publication of EP1333129A1 publication Critical patent/EP1333129A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
    • E04C2/284—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating
    • E04C2/292—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and sheet metal
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/38—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels
    • E04C2/388—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels with a frame of other materials, e.g. fibres, plastics
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/343—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport
    • E04B1/34315—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport characterised by separable parts
    • E04B1/34321—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport characterised by separable parts mainly constituted by panels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/38—Connections for building structures in general
    • E04B1/61—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other
    • E04B1/6108—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other the frontal surfaces of the slabs connected together
    • E04B1/612—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other the frontal surfaces of the slabs connected together by means between frontal surfaces
    • E04B1/6183—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other the frontal surfaces of the slabs connected together by means between frontal surfaces with rotatable locking means co-operating with a recess

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a prefabricated building panel and buildings comprising the said panels.
  • buildings are known in the art and utilised for domestic and commercial purposes for housing persons, plant and other equipment. Construction of such buildings is typically based on a steel framework to which twin skinned steel panels with a loose fill of insulation, polymeric foamboard or injected foam are welded or fixed with self-drilling screws, rivets or nuts and bolts.
  • US 4 837 999 discloses a prefabricated building panel suitable for use as a wall or a roof panel for buildings comprising a central thermally insulating core with metal inner and outer skins coupled thereto by means of pultrusions.
  • a pultrusion is a composite profile of curable resin, such as a polyester, and fibre reinforcement, such as glass fibre, formed and cured in a continuous process.
  • the panel described by Stayner further comprises an envelope of air between the central core and the two metal skins which, it is claimed, substantially reduces heat transfer between the two metal skins. Thermal transfer between the two skins ('cold bridging') is further reduced by the pultrusions which act as a thermal break.
  • a vehicle body such as a trailer, truck body or container, comprising a plurality of modular panel members adjoining one another in series relationship.
  • Each panel member is an integral pultrusion including a pair of spaced apart sheet members, a pair of spaced apart webs interconnecting the sheet members and wedge-shaped male and female members which interfit with the male and female members of adjoining panel members. Adjacent panel members are bonded together using adhesive. Thermally insulating material is provided in the volume defined by the two sheet members and the two webs.
  • An object of the present invention is the provision of a double skinned prefabricated panel for use in the construction of buildings and vehicle bodies which substantially reduces heat losses by thermal transfer between the inner and outer skins whilst possessing the structural qualities of a load bearing steel framework.
  • a prefabricated panel suitable for use as a wall, a floor or a roof panel for a building or a vehicle body characterised in that the said panel comprises an inner skin and an outer skin defining a central space, and at least one pultrusion attached to the inner and outer skins at an edge of the panel for interfitting with an opposing pultrusion unattached to the inner and outer skins.
  • the panel preferably comprises two or more pultrusions, located in particular around the periphery of the panel.
  • the inner and/or outer skins preferably comprise metal and the central space may be at least partially filled with a thermally insulating material.
  • the panel is suitable for structural load bearing applications.
  • At least one pultrusion comprises one of a lengthwise extending female member and a lengthwise extending wedge shaped male member.
  • the opposing pultrusion likewise comprises one of a lengthwise extending female member and a lengthwise extending wedge shaped male member.
  • the opposing pultrusion can furthermore comprise a component part of an adjacent prefabricated panel.
  • the at least one pultrusion comprises a cable tray.
  • the at least one pultrusion is secured to the opposing pultrusion with adhesive and/or by at least one mechanical fastener such as a nut and bolt, a screw or a rivet .
  • the panel can comprise at least one releasable lock for releasably securing the panel to the opposing pultrusion.
  • the present invention provides a building or vehicle body comprising at least one prefabricated panel as described hereinabove.
  • FIG 1 a shows an exploded view of a building comprising a plurality of a first embodiment of prefabricated building panel and corner panels (111).
  • each building panel comprises a central space (11) filled with thermal insulation defined by a metal inner (12) and outer (13) skin.
  • a metal inner (12) and outer (13) skin Around the periphery of the central space (11) and joined to the inner (12) and outer (13) skins are four mitre cut pultrusions joined together by a combination of metal spigots (not shown) and epoxy or toughened acrylic adhesive.
  • the pultrusions can comprise one of a lengthwise extending female member (15) and a lengthwise extending wedge shaped male member (14).
  • Figure 1b shows a roof panel being fitted onto a wall panel by interfitting of the male pultrusion (14) on the wall panel with the female pultrusion (15) on the roof panel.
  • Figure 1c shows the bottom of a wall panel comprising a male pultrusion (14) being fitted to a female pultrusion (15) by interfitting, the female pultrusion (15) joined by bolts and/or adhesive orthogonal to an I-beam pultrusion (16).
  • the I-beam pultrusion supports an insulation board (17) sandwiched between two hot dipped galvanised steel skins (18).
  • a first wall panel can be seen being fitted to an adjacent second wall panel by interfitting of the male pultrusion (14) on the first wall panel with the female pultrusion (15) on the second wall panel.
  • the first and second wall panels are held together by engagement of a hook (19) provided in the seat of the female pultrusion (15) with a catch located within the central core of the first wall panel, the two components comprising a 'camlock' locking device.
  • the corner panels (111) are framed with female or wedge shaped male pultrusion members for engagement with pultrusions on adjacent wall and roof panels and pultrusions on the base.
  • FIGs 2a and 2b show a second embodiment of prefabricated building panel.
  • the wall panel also comprises a central space (11) filled with thermal insulation defined by inner (12) and outer (13) metal skins.
  • inner (12) and outer (13) metal skins are four mitre cut pultrusions joined together by four mitre cut pultrusions joined by a combination of metal spigots (not shown) and epoxy or toughened acrylic adhesive.
  • the pultrusions at the top and bottom of the wall panel comprise lengthwise extending female members (15).
  • the remaining pultrusions (not shown) comprise one of a lengthwise extending female member and a lengthwise extending wedge shaped male member.
  • the top and bottom pultrusions additionally comprise a cable tray (22).
  • the top and bottom pultrusions interfit with respectively a male gutter spigot pultrusion (24) and a male foot spigot pultrusion (23).
  • the male foot spigot pultrusion (23) supports an I-beam pultrusion upon a base spigot (26), which is bolted and/or adhesively bonded thereto, orientated orthogonal to the wall panel, which in turn supports the floor (21) comprising chipboard laminated on both sides.
  • the male gutter spigot pultrusion (24) additionally comprises a second spigot (25) orientated orthogonal to the wall panel which interfits with a female pultrusion (13) of a roof panel.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a prefabricated panel suitable for use as a wall, a floor or a roof panel for a building or a vehicle body, characterised in that the said panel comprises an inner skin (12) and an outer (13) skin defining a central space (11), and at least one pultrusion attached to the inner (12) and outer (13) skins at an edge of the panel for interfitting with an opposing pultrusion unattached to the inner (12) and outer (13) skins. <IMAGE> <IMAGE>

Description

The present invention relates to a prefabricated building panel and buildings comprising the said panels. Such buildings are known in the art and utilised for domestic and commercial purposes for housing persons, plant and other equipment. Construction of such buildings is typically based on a steel framework to which twin skinned steel panels with a loose fill of insulation, polymeric foamboard or injected foam are welded or fixed with self-drilling screws, rivets or nuts and bolts.
US 4 837 999 (Stayner) discloses a prefabricated building panel suitable for use as a wall or a roof panel for buildings comprising a central thermally insulating core with metal inner and outer skins coupled thereto by means of pultrusions. A pultrusion is a composite profile of curable resin, such as a polyester, and fibre reinforcement, such as glass fibre, formed and cured in a continuous process. The panel described by Stayner further comprises an envelope of air between the central core and the two metal skins which, it is claimed, substantially reduces heat transfer between the two metal skins. Thermal transfer between the two skins ('cold bridging') is further reduced by the pultrusions which act as a thermal break.
In US 5 403 062 (Sjostedt et al.) discloses a vehicle body, such as a trailer, truck body or container, comprising a plurality of modular panel members adjoining one another in series relationship. Each panel member is an integral pultrusion including a pair of spaced apart sheet members, a pair of spaced apart webs interconnecting the sheet members and wedge-shaped male and female members which interfit with the male and female members of adjoining panel members. Adjacent panel members are bonded together using adhesive. Thermally insulating material is provided in the volume defined by the two sheet members and the two webs.
An object of the present invention is the provision of a double skinned prefabricated panel for use in the construction of buildings and vehicle bodies which substantially reduces heat losses by thermal transfer between the inner and outer skins whilst possessing the structural qualities of a load bearing steel framework.
Summary of the Invention
In a first aspect of the invention, a prefabricated panel suitable for use as a wall, a floor or a roof panel for a building or a vehicle body is provided, characterised in that the said panel comprises an inner skin and an outer skin defining a central space, and at least one pultrusion attached to the inner and outer skins at an edge of the panel for interfitting with an opposing pultrusion unattached to the inner and outer skins. The panel preferably comprises two or more pultrusions, located in particular around the periphery of the panel. The inner and/or outer skins preferably comprise metal and the central space may be at least partially filled with a thermally insulating material. The panel is suitable for structural load bearing applications.
At least one pultrusion comprises one of a lengthwise extending female member and a lengthwise extending wedge shaped male member. The opposing pultrusion likewise comprises one of a lengthwise extending female member and a lengthwise extending wedge shaped male member. The opposing pultrusion can furthermore comprise a component part of an adjacent prefabricated panel. Optionally the at least one pultrusion comprises a cable tray.
The at least one pultrusion is secured to the opposing pultrusion with adhesive and/or by at least one mechanical fastener such as a nut and bolt, a screw or a rivet . Alternatively, the panel can comprise at least one releasable lock for releasably securing the panel to the opposing pultrusion.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a building or vehicle body comprising at least one prefabricated panel as described hereinabove.
Brief Description of the Figures
For the purposes of exemplification, some embodiments of the main aspects of the invention are now described with reference to the following Figures in which:
Figure 1a
shows an exploded view of a building comprising a plurality of a first embodiment of a prefabricated panel;
Figure 1b
shows detail A of Figure 1a;
Figure 1c
shows detail B of Figure 1a;
Figure 1d
shows detail C of Figure 1a;
Figure 2a
shows a cross-section of the bottom part of a second embodiment of a prefabricated panel; and
Figure 2b
shows a cross-section of the top part of a second embodiment of a prefabricated panel.
Detailed Description of Embodiments
Figure 1 a shows an exploded view of a building comprising a plurality of a first embodiment of prefabricated building panel and corner panels (111). As shown in Figure 1b, which is a detailed view of A in Figure 1a, each building panel comprises a central space (11) filled with thermal insulation defined by a metal inner (12) and outer (13) skin. Around the periphery of the central space (11) and joined to the inner (12) and outer (13) skins are four mitre cut pultrusions joined together by a combination of metal spigots (not shown) and epoxy or toughened acrylic adhesive. The pultrusions can comprise one of a lengthwise extending female member (15) and a lengthwise extending wedge shaped male member (14).
Figure 1b shows a roof panel being fitted onto a wall panel by interfitting of the male pultrusion (14) on the wall panel with the female pultrusion (15) on the roof panel. Figure 1c shows the bottom of a wall panel comprising a male pultrusion (14) being fitted to a female pultrusion (15) by interfitting, the female pultrusion (15) joined by bolts and/or adhesive orthogonal to an I-beam pultrusion (16). The I-beam pultrusion supports an insulation board (17) sandwiched between two hot dipped galvanised steel skins (18).
In Figure 1d, a first wall panel can be seen being fitted to an adjacent second wall panel by interfitting of the male pultrusion (14) on the first wall panel with the female pultrusion (15) on the second wall panel. The first and second wall panels are held together by engagement of a hook (19) provided in the seat of the female pultrusion (15) with a catch located within the central core of the first wall panel, the two components comprising a 'camlock' locking device.
The corner panels (111) are framed with female or wedge shaped male pultrusion members for engagement with pultrusions on adjacent wall and roof panels and pultrusions on the base.
Figures 2a and 2b show a second embodiment of prefabricated building panel. The wall panel also comprises a central space (11) filled with thermal insulation defined by inner (12) and outer (13) metal skins. Once again, around the periphery of the central space (11) and joined to the inner (12) and outer (13) skins are four mitre cut pultrusions joined together by four mitre cut pultrusions joined by a combination of metal spigots (not shown) and epoxy or toughened acrylic adhesive. The pultrusions at the top and bottom of the wall panel comprise lengthwise extending female members (15). The remaining pultrusions (not shown) comprise one of a lengthwise extending female member and a lengthwise extending wedge shaped male member. The top and bottom pultrusions additionally comprise a cable tray (22).
The top and bottom pultrusions interfit with respectively a male gutter spigot pultrusion (24) and a male foot spigot pultrusion (23). The male foot spigot pultrusion (23) supports an I-beam pultrusion upon a base spigot (26), which is bolted and/or adhesively bonded thereto, orientated orthogonal to the wall panel, which in turn supports the floor (21) comprising chipboard laminated on both sides. The male gutter spigot pultrusion (24) additionally comprises a second spigot (25) orientated orthogonal to the wall panel which interfits with a female pultrusion (13) of a roof panel.

Claims (13)

  1. A prefabricated panel suitable for use as a wall, a floor or a roof panel for a building or a vehicle body, characterised in that the said panel comprises an inner skin (12) and an outer (13) skin defining a central space (11), and at least one pultrusion attached to the inner (12) and outer (13) skins at an edge of the panel for interfitting with an opposing pultrusion unattached to the inner (12) and outer (13) skins.
  2. A panel according to claim 1 wherein the at least one pultrusion comprises one of a lengthwise extending female member (15) and a lengthwise extending wedge shaped male member (14).
  3. A panel according to claims 1 or 2 wherein the opposing pultrusion comprises one of a lengthwise extending female member (15) and a lengthwise extending wedge shaped male member (14).
  4. A panel according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the opposing pultrusion is a component part of an adjacent prefabricated panel.
  5. A panel according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the at least one pultrusion comprises a cable tray (22).
  6. A panel according to any one of the preceding claims comprising at least one releasable lock for releasably securing the panel to the opposing pultrusion.
  7. A panel according to any one of the preceding claims comprising at least two opposing pultrusions attached to the inner (12) and outer (13) skins.
  8. A panel according to any one of the preceding claims comprising a plurality of pultrusions around the periphery of the panel.
  9. A panel according to any one of the preceding claims wherein at least one of the inner (12) and outer (13) skin is metal.
  10. A panel according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the central space (11) is at least partially filled with a thermal insulator.
  11. A panel according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the at least one pultrusion is secured to the opposing pultrusion with adhesive.
  12. A panel according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the at least one pultrusion is secured to the opposing pultrusion by at least one mechanical fastener such as a nut and bolt, a screw or a rivet.
  13. A building or vehicle body comprising at least one prefabricated panel according to any one of the preceding claims.
EP02250705A 2002-02-01 2002-02-01 Prefabricated building panel Withdrawn EP1333129A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ITMO20090274A1 (en) * 2009-11-17 2011-05-18 Lombrico S R L PANEL FOR BUILDING
FR2964175A1 (en) * 2010-08-31 2012-03-02 Rabot Dutilleul Investissement TUBULAR PROFILE AND FRAME PANEL WITH PULTRUDE FRAME COMPRISING SUCH A PROFILE
WO2012050535A1 (en) 2010-10-15 2012-04-19 Cbs Inštitut, Celovite Gradbene Rešitve, D.O.O. Building panel as structure of external and inner plate with intermediate insulation space
DE102012102515A1 (en) * 2012-03-23 2013-09-26 F&F Agrarbau GmbH Wall element for construction of walls of e.g. industrial buildings, has recesses extending from the outer surface sides of wall element over entire thickness of wall element, which are guided through the base of base main portion
US8656672B2 (en) 2009-12-30 2014-02-25 James C. Quinn Systems and methods of revitalizing structures using insulated panels
US9068372B2 (en) 2012-08-14 2015-06-30 Premium Steel Building Systems, Inc. Systems and methods for constructing temporary, re-locatable structures
US9382703B2 (en) 2012-08-14 2016-07-05 Premium Steel Building Systems, Inc. Systems and methods for constructing temporary, re-locatable structures
US9593487B2 (en) 2014-09-05 2017-03-14 James F. Harvey Modular building system
WO2019144993A1 (en) * 2018-01-23 2019-08-01 Gunnar Peck Variable container system
WO2020068912A1 (en) * 2018-09-25 2020-04-02 Kps Global Llc Hybrid insulating panel, frame, and enclosure
WO2022087674A1 (en) * 2020-10-29 2022-05-05 Quantum Buildings Pty Ltd Building components, a building structure formed therefrom and a method of construction thereof
AT528128A4 (en) * 2024-09-02 2025-10-15 Eco Chalets Gmbh Modular house section with a rail system

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3400958A (en) * 1966-10-03 1968-09-10 Haimes Interlocking closure
US4837999A (en) 1987-12-17 1989-06-13 Vance Stayner Prefabricated building panel
US5403062A (en) 1993-05-21 1995-04-04 Stoughton Composites, Inc. Panel joint for adhesively bonded wall panels
FR2769649A1 (en) * 1997-10-09 1999-04-16 Opifex Modular partition panel

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3400958A (en) * 1966-10-03 1968-09-10 Haimes Interlocking closure
US4837999A (en) 1987-12-17 1989-06-13 Vance Stayner Prefabricated building panel
US5403062A (en) 1993-05-21 1995-04-04 Stoughton Composites, Inc. Panel joint for adhesively bonded wall panels
FR2769649A1 (en) * 1997-10-09 1999-04-16 Opifex Modular partition panel

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ITMO20090274A1 (en) * 2009-11-17 2011-05-18 Lombrico S R L PANEL FOR BUILDING
US8656672B2 (en) 2009-12-30 2014-02-25 James C. Quinn Systems and methods of revitalizing structures using insulated panels
FR2964175A1 (en) * 2010-08-31 2012-03-02 Rabot Dutilleul Investissement TUBULAR PROFILE AND FRAME PANEL WITH PULTRUDE FRAME COMPRISING SUCH A PROFILE
WO2012050535A1 (en) 2010-10-15 2012-04-19 Cbs Inštitut, Celovite Gradbene Rešitve, D.O.O. Building panel as structure of external and inner plate with intermediate insulation space
DE102012102515A1 (en) * 2012-03-23 2013-09-26 F&F Agrarbau GmbH Wall element for construction of walls of e.g. industrial buildings, has recesses extending from the outer surface sides of wall element over entire thickness of wall element, which are guided through the base of base main portion
DE102012102515B4 (en) * 2012-03-23 2016-04-14 F&F Agrarbau GmbH wall element
US9068372B2 (en) 2012-08-14 2015-06-30 Premium Steel Building Systems, Inc. Systems and methods for constructing temporary, re-locatable structures
US9382703B2 (en) 2012-08-14 2016-07-05 Premium Steel Building Systems, Inc. Systems and methods for constructing temporary, re-locatable structures
US9593487B2 (en) 2014-09-05 2017-03-14 James F. Harvey Modular building system
US10156073B2 (en) 2014-09-05 2018-12-18 James F. Harvey Modular building system
WO2019144993A1 (en) * 2018-01-23 2019-08-01 Gunnar Peck Variable container system
WO2020068912A1 (en) * 2018-09-25 2020-04-02 Kps Global Llc Hybrid insulating panel, frame, and enclosure
US11181315B2 (en) 2018-09-25 2021-11-23 Kps Global Llc Hybrid insulating panel, frame, and enclosure
WO2022087674A1 (en) * 2020-10-29 2022-05-05 Quantum Buildings Pty Ltd Building components, a building structure formed therefrom and a method of construction thereof
AT528128A4 (en) * 2024-09-02 2025-10-15 Eco Chalets Gmbh Modular house section with a rail system
AT528128B1 (en) * 2024-09-02 2025-10-15 Eco Chalets Gmbh Modular house section with a rail system

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