EP1332001A1

EP1332001A1 - Unit and method for the treatment of shredder residues and use of granulate fractions thus produced

Info

Publication number: EP1332001A1
Application number: EP01974238A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Daniel Goldmann; Bram Den Dunnen; Michael Knust
Original assignee: Volkswagen AG
Current assignee: Volkswagen AG
Priority date: 2000-10-27
Filing date: 2001-09-11
Publication date: 2003-08-06
Anticipated expiration: 2021-09-11
Also published as: US7780760B2; CN1196529C; JP4970702B2; ES2280399T3; AT8505U1; EP1332001B1; DE50112133D1; US8267336B2; WO2002034400A1; EP1721675B1; US20040089102A1; EP1721675A3; JP2004512168A; CN1444508A; DE50115769D1; ATE355131T1; EP1721675A2; ES2356752T3; ATE494069T1; US20110042496A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a unit and method for the treatment of shredder residues from metal-containing waste products, in particular from vehicle chassis, whereby the shredder residues are separated into a shredder light fraction (SLF) and a non-ferromagnetic fraction (shredder heavy faction (SSF)). According to the invention, the method and unit provide for (a) production of a raw granulate fraction (GranulateH), during the production of the shredder light fraction (SLF) and the shredder heavy fraction (SSF) in initial processes (VorL, VorS) and a main process (SRH), by the separation of at least one ferromagnetic fraction (Fe/V2A), a non-ferrous metal fraction (NE), a lint fraction (lint) and a sand fraction (sand) and (b) the raw granulate fraction (GranulateH) is separated in a refining process (V).

Description

Plant and method for processing shredder residues and using a granulate fraction produced

The invention relates to a process for the treatment of shredder residues of metal-containing waste for the purpose of generating material, raw material and energetically usable fractions, with the features mentioned in the preamble of claim 1 and a system with the features mentioned in the preamble of claim 18, with which Processing of the shredder residues can be carried out. The invention further relates to the use of a low-chlorine and low-metal granulate fraction according to claim 27, which was separated by the method according to the invention

The shredding of end-of-life vehicles for ateπaldigestion has been known for a long time. When carrying out the shredder process, procedures have been established in which the resulting mixture of substances is divided into different fractions The remaining fraction is then separated with a permanent magnetic separator into a ferromagnetic fraction (shredder scrap (SS)) and a non-ferromagnetic fraction (shredder heavy fraction (SSF)). The proportion of the metallurgically fully usable shredder scrap fraction lies often at around 50 to 75% by weight. According to previous concepts, the light shredder fraction was generally disposed of as waste or incinerated in waste incineration plants. It is characterized by the fact that it contains both a high proportion of organic matter and a high proportion of fine grains T-capable and non-ferromagnetic fraction - i.e. the shredder heavy fraction - is characterized by a high proportion of non-ferrous metals (non-ferrous metals). Special treatment plants have been developed to recover the various non-ferrous metals, but the rest of the rest from organic and inorganic, non-metallic components is generally deposited as waste. Shredder residues are understood below to mean all material flows from the shredder process that cannot be removed directly from the shredder as metallurgically directly usable products (shredder scrap) DE 44 37 852 A1 discloses a method in which the light shredder fraction is processed, in particular for the purpose of removing “undesirable constituents”, in particular copper and glass. The shredder residues are homogenized in a compulsory mixer and mixed with a fine to the finest-grained material containing a magnetizable component and the resulting mixture passed through a magnetic separator. It has been shown that the metallic components of the shredder light fraction that hinder metallurgical use can be separated in this way

EP 0 863 114 A1 provides for the creation of a permanently plastic mining material by adding a binder component, a filler and a salt solution to the light shredder fraction. This is intended to create a pressure-resistant, permanently plastic body

From DE 197 42 214 C2 it is known to further shred the light shredder fraction and to subject it to a thermal treatment. During or after the comminution, metallic components are to be sorted out and the remaining mixture of substances is melted in a melting reactor and cooled to a "harmless" Solid to be converted

Furthermore, EP 0 922 749 A1 discloses a process for working up the light shredder fraction, in which the light shredder fraction is calcined in a fluidized bed gasifier and with the introduction of calcium carbonate

In a further thermal process, DE 197 31 874 C1 provides that the light shredder fraction is pressed again in a further stage and then crushed, homogenized and reduced in water content in order to be thermally utilized in a subsequent stage

EP 0 884 107 A2 provides for the shredder light fraction to be converted by means of comminution, classification and sorting into a metal-free fraction with a comminution stage ≤ 20 mm. The processing of the shredder light fraction is intended to lead to a thermally usable fraction In addition to the recycling methods shown, it is known to subject the light shredder fraction to a pretreatment in which ferromagnetic residual fractions from iron, V2A steel and aluminum are separated. Similar methods have also been used in the preparation of the heavy shredder fraction. Furthermore, it is known to separate polyolefins from this fraction

Furthermore, it is known to clean plastic granules by washing dust adhering to the surface and to dry the washed granules again. The prior art also relates to processes in which a mixture of granules from various plastics is separated using electrostatic cutters electrical chargeability of the surfaces of the individual plastic materials used In this way, halogen-containing granules, for example PVC granules, can be separated from halogen-free granules

The methods shown have in common that they are each only designed for processing the shredder light fraction, the shredder heavy fraction or contaminated granules from other sources. A common processing with the aim of separating the shredder residues as far as possible into at least partially usable end products, In particular, raw material recyclable granulate fractions are not intended.Against the background of increasing legal requirements (EU end-of-life vehicle directive, EU incineration line never and others) and also increasing landfill costs and requirements for the goods to be deposited, an increased recovery rate is desirable, however 1 April 1998 stipulates that from 2015 more than 95% by weight of a used car must be recycled. Stricter requirements from the EU used car directive passed in September 2000 also stipulate that the proportion can be used in terms of materials and raw materials he increase material flows to at least 85% by weight. Recycling therefore excludes a mere energetic use, for example in garbage incineration plants.For possible raw material use of the resulting granulate fraction as a reducing agent in a blast furnace process, it must be ensured in particular that disruptive heavy metals and chlorine-containing granules be removed as far as possible

The invention is therefore based on the object of making available a method and the necessary installation with which shredder residues are processed can and in a mechanical preparation process, in addition to other end products, in particular at least one high-quality and raw material-usable granulate fraction can be produced

According to the invention, this object is achieved by a method for processing shredder residues of metal-containing wastes, in particular car bodies, with the features mentioned in claim 1, a system for treating shredder residues with the features mentioned in claim 18 and the use of one according to the invention Process granulate fraction with the features mentioned in claim 27 dissolved

The method is characterized in particular by the fact that

(a) During the preparation of the shredder light fraction and the shredder heavy fraction in preprocesses and a main process, a raw granulate fraction is generated by separating at least one ferromagnetic fraction, a non-ferrous metal-containing fraction, a fluff fraction and a sand fraction will and

(b) the raw granulate fraction is separated in a finishing process by the successive process steps of surface cleaning, drying and electrostatic separation into a chlorine-enriched granulate fraction, a chlorine- and low-metal granulate fraction and a heavy metal-enriched sludge fraction

This makes it possible to separate high-quality and raw material-compatible fractions from the shredder residues, in particular a low-chlorine and low-metal granulate fraction. The latter fraction can be used, for example, as a reducing agent for the blast furnace process in steel production. The granulate fraction to be provided has at least one following further characteristics

• a calorific value of> 20 MJ / kg

A Cl content <1.5% by weight

A Zn content <0.5% by weight

• a Cu content <0.2% by weight

A Pb content <0 1% by weight «A Cd content <0.02% by weight

Only by removing the disruptive metal and chlorine components as far as possible is it possible to economically integrate granulate fractions from shredder residues into raw material recycling processes. Low chlorine or low metal means that either the above limits are met and / or in these granules compared to the Raw granules contain at least 50% by weight, in particular 70% by weight less chlorine or metal

The end products thus produced are at least one high-quality granulate fraction, a ferromagnetic fraction, a non-ferrous metal-containing fraction, a flux fraction and a sand fraction

From the shredder light fraction, preferably Fe, V2A and Al components which have been digested are separated in a pretreatment. This shredder light fraction is preferred

digested in a first shredding unit,

subsequently separated into at least one ferromagnetic fraction and a non-ferromagnetic fraction by means of at least one magnetic separator,

the non-ferromagnetic fraction is disrupted in a second shredding unit,

a fine-grain sand fraction is separated from this fraction by means of at least one classifying device and

the remaining fraction is separated into a fluff fraction and a coarse-grained heavy material fraction in at least one density separation device

Through the procedure shown with the gradual digestion of the shredder light fraction and the intermediate process steps for separating the particularly abrasive ferromagnetic components, the operating costs can be kept low, in particular with the second shredding unit In addition, the desired end products fluff and sand can be separated at this point of the overall process control for processing the shredder residues.A further preferred embodiment provides that a foam fraction - essentially consisting of polyurethane - is also separated off in the preliminary process by means of a suction device

Furthermore, the shredder heavy fraction is preferably separated in the preliminary process by at least one metal separator and at least one classifying device into at least one enriched, non-ferrous metal-containing fraction, a heavy material fraction and a fine-grain, low-metal sand fraction. In addition, it is conceivable that from the Heavy-duty fraction, a high-density residual fraction is separated in at least one density separation device. The shredder heavy fraction is separated into different material streams from the point of view of possible collaborative processing with the material streams previously created in the preprocessing of the shredder light fraction

In the main process, the material flows from the preliminary processes are preferably brought together in such a way that

the sand fractions are combined into a common sand fraction and

the heavy goods fractions are combined to form a common heavy goods fraction, broken down by means of a comminution unit and separated into the raw granulate fraction and an enriched fraction containing non-ferrous metal via a density separation device

In this process section, the desired end or intermediate products, sand, raw granulate and the non-ferrous metal-containing fraction are obtained. The non-ferrous-metal-containing fractions can then preferably be processed in a common processing section using suitable process steps, for example sand flotation and optical sorting for separation of light metal, non-ferrous metal and other metal fractions are subjected to. The non-metallic residual fractions resulting from the separation can, depending on the amount and Composition at suitable points in the main process and / or the preliminary processes can be fed back.

The raw granulate fraction provided by the processing processes shown is already a homogeneous product, which means that airborne components, metals and sand have already been separated. However, the raw granulate fraction can only be freed from adhering metal dusts by refining and divided into a low-chlorine and low-metal granulate fraction and a chlorine-enriched granulate fraction. The surface cleaning is preferably carried out in a friction and turbo washer, which ensures a particularly thorough separation. A washed-off non-ferrous metal-containing sludge fraction can be isolated and, if necessary, fed to a separate further treatment, which is not described in more detail here.

The drying of the washed raw granulate fraction initiated after the surface cleaning is preferably carried out in a drying unit at least up to a residual moisture of <0.2% by weight. The low residual moisture content is a prerequisite for the functioning of the subsequent separation processes. Furthermore, it is preferred if any residual metal portions present after the drying are separated off by means of a metal separator. The non-ferrous metal-containing fractions obtained at this point can be integrated into the preparation process of the non-ferrous metal-containing fraction depending on the amount and composition. The electrostatic separation is preferably carried out using an electrostatic free-fall separator.

Further preferred refinements of the method result from the other method-dependent subclaims.

Preferred embodiments of the system according to the invention result from the dependent claims 19 to 26. With regard to the advantages of the system according to the invention, reference is made in particular to the above statements relating to the method according to the invention.

The invention is explained in more detail in an exemplary embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show it; FIG. 1 shows an overview of the shredder

Residues of end products arising at certain times in a flow chart and

Figure 2 is a schematic flow diagram for the process control in the

Pre-processes and in the main process of processing

FIG. 1 shows in a flow chart the times at which end products are produced according to the inventive method during the processing of the shredder residues. First, in a prior shredder process known per se, metal-containing waste, in particular from vehicle bodies, is digested by a comminution process a separation of a light fraction capable of flying by means of a suction device (shredder light fraction SLF). The heavy, non-flightable material stream remaining after the suction is separated into a ferromagnetic and a non-ferromagnetic fraction on a permanent magnetic separator. The ferromagnetic fraction is called shredder scrap SS designated and represents the primary product of the shredder that can be used directly in metallurgy. The heavy, non-airworthy and non-ferromagnetic fraction is referred to as the shredder heavy fraction SSF. In another, not here d The pre-treatment step presented can be separated from the shredder light fraction SLF by means of a magnetic separator still existing ferromagnetic components. The remaining material flow of the shredder light fraction SLF and the shredder heavy fraction SSF are now jointly separated into the desired end products as shredder residues

The process management sees a pre-process Vor _L for the shredder light fraction SLF, a pre-process Vor _s for the shredder heavy fraction SSF, a common main process SRH and a finishing process V for the final processing of at least some of the primary processes that arise in the pre-processes Vor _L , Vor _s Material flows or As end products according to the exemplary embodiment, fractions are formed which are predominantly and with the highest possible purity of iron Fe, steel V2A, fluff sand, chlorine-enriched granules, granulate pvc. low-chlorine and low-metal granules, granules _reln , foam PU and a residue to be removed. Furthermore, a non-ferrous metal-containing fraction NE can be separated, which in turn can be divided into fractions with non-ferrous metals by appropriate process control Cu / brass light metals Al / Mg and other metals allows the resulting end products can be up to the residual fraction of a metallurgical, plant material raw material and energy recovery supplied to the refining process V can, in particular, from the viewpoint of providing a chlorine and low-metal granulate fraction granules _reιn configured which, for example, is to be used as a reducing agent in blast furnace processes. For this purpose, the granulate fraction granulate _{must have} at least the following characteristics

• a calorific value of> 20 MJ / kg

A Cl content <1.5% by weight

A Zn content <0.5% by weight

• a Cu content <0.2% by weight »a Pb content <0.1% by weight

• a Cd content <0.02% by weight

The below-described process steps, in particular, allow separation of a granulate fraction granulate _re i _n from the heterogeneous shredder residue Standen, which corresponds to the specification mentioned

In FIG. 2, essential components of the plant for processing the shredder residues and the intermediate or end products that occur in each of these components during the process control are shown schematically in a flow chart. For the sake of clarity, the end products generated during the process are arranged in the middle preparation of the shredder light fraction SLF is schematically illustrated in the left upper part, the preprocess before _s for processing the shredder heavy fraction SSF in the upper right part of the main process SRH centrally in the lower part and the refining process V in the lower left part of the drawing

The SSF shredder heavy fraction is first subjected to a two-stage Fe and V2A separation by means of a permanent magnetic separator PM _S 1. After the Fe and V2A separation, the residual stream is classified and non-ferrous metal-containing fractions NE _S can be separated For example, take place in such a way that a classification into different fractions, for example large and small 20 mm, is carried out and these fractions are each fed separately to the metal separator MA _S 1 The focus here is on the cleanest possible separation of the non-ferrous metal-containing fractions NE _S and the remaining low-metal fractions NM _S. The classifying device K _s 1 further provides that low-metal fractions NM _S with a grain diameter preferably <6 mm in a sand - Sands fraction are separated

The remaining coarse-grained, low-metal fraction NM _S is then separated with a density separation device D _s 1 into a heavy-duty fraction SG _S and a high-density residual fraction remainder. This is to prevent high-abrasive and sharp-edged ones from being further processed in the heavy-duty fraction SG _S in downstream crushing units materials, such as stainless steel balls, in the grinding chamber are present in addition, a metal separator can be installed at this point again to last wear-demanding, massive Metallverunremigungen separate summary, the preliminary process provides Before _s therefore an iron fraction Fe, a steel fraction V2A, a non-ferrous -Metal-containing fraction NE _S , a sand fraction Sand _s and a heavy fraction SG _S

In the pre-process, starting with the SLF shredder light fraction, a foam fraction PU - consisting predominantly of the easily airborne polyurethane - is separated in the suction device AB.The separated foam pieces are pneumatically transported to a press container and automatically compressed there. This fraction can be used directly or, if appropriate, be fed to a further finishing stage which is not further elaborated here

The remaining fraction is now disrupted in a first crushing unit Z [_1, in such a way that a discharge of the aggregate Z contains particles with a diameter of <50 mm. In order to keep the stress on the crushing unit Z _L 1 as low as possible, it can be provided that A classification device (not shown here) for separating and feeding a fraction with a diameter of> 50 mm is connected in front of the crushed fraction by means of a permanent magnetic separator PM _L 1 to separate an iron fraction Fe and a steel fraction V2A. The remaining non-ferromagnetic fraction NFL is now fed to a second shredding unit Z | _2, in which a further digestion of the material takes place. A discharge of the shredding unit. ZL2 is designed with <10 mm. Here too, the Feeding of the ZL2 shredding unit to a fraction with a diameter> 10 mm.

In a further classification device K, a fine-grained sand fraction sand _ is separated from the now well-digested non-ferromagnetic fraction NF | _. A grain size of the sand fraction sand ^ is preferably set to <4 mm. The remaining fraction is subjected to air separation and density separation in a corresponding device D | _1. In the device D _L 1, a light fraction of lint is blown through a heavy-duty flap by means of a cross-flow classifier. Due to the previous conveyance on a vibration conveyor, the heavier material has already settled downwards, so that the underlying heavy fraction inevitably falls down into a heavy goods discharge (heavy goods fraction SG _L ). In summary, the end process and intermediate products foam pieces PU, iron Fe, steel V2A, sand _L and heavy goods SG can be provided in the preliminary process Von_. The heavy metal and organic dusts and sludges that occur during processing in the crushing units Z | _1 and Z | _2 are fed to the rest of the rest.

In the main process SRH, the sand fractions Sand _L> Sand _s are first combined to form a common sand fraction sand. If necessary, this fraction can be fed to a further finishing stage, not shown here.

The heavy goods groups SG and SG _S are also combined to form a common heavy goods group SG. This is then broken down again in a further crushing unit ZH1. A discharge of the ZH1 shredding units is designed with <8 mm. The crushing unit Zμ1 is usually designed as a cutting mill, so that an optimal material digestion is achieved at this point. After crushing, density separation takes place on air-setting tables (density separation device DH1). The separated light fraction mainly consists of plastic in granular form. The raw granulate granulate is further processed in the additional finishing process V. The remaining heavy fraction NEμ consists largely of non-ferrous metals, mainly from copper strands. The fraction NEH can therefore already be withdrawn from the process at this point, but can also be combined with the non-ferrous metal-containing fraction NE _S to form a common fraction NE and be processed together. In the refining process V is first an upper flat cleaning with water in a Attπtionsprozess by means of a friction and Turbowaschers Wy Here be washed containing heavy metals, adhering to the surface dust, and in a sludge fraction concentrated These sludge fraction NE _Sch i _amm is a separate, not near described herein further treatment is then carried out, the washed granules are dried in a drying unit Ty to a residual moisture of <0.2%. After this treatment step, an all-metal separator MAv can optionally be provided with the last metal particles contained in the granules, for example copper strands , can be separated This residual metal fraction NEv can in turn be fed to the common non-ferrous metal processing

The granules pretreated in this way are fed via a conveyor into a feed hopper of an electrostatic free-fall separator EF _V. Here, the granules are first electrostatically (tπbo-electrically) charged by friction. When the particles come into contact, a few electrons pass over each contact, so that they become positive or charging negatively The charging behavior of the different plastics differs according to the tnbo-electπ charging series for plastics. Within this charging series, PVC is exposed to a large part of the other plastics. PVC separation is therefore possible in this way (granular PVC) EFv separates the negatively charged from the positively charged particles. The chlorine-enriched granulate fraction Granulate PVC frequently shows increased lead and cadmium values. These two heavy metals are often used as stabilizers / plastic additives substances especially in PVC You also get a low-chlorine and low-metal granulate fraction granules _reln

The processing of the non-ferrous metal-containing fraction NE can essentially be carried out by means of a sand flotation system SF1 and an optical sorter OS1. With sand flotation it is possible to dry mechanical separation of a light metal fraction predominantly from aluminum and magnesium from a heavy metal fraction the sand used here as a separation medium has nothing to do with the separated fraction "sand" from the shredder residues. The heavy metals sink into the sand bed while the light metals float on the sand bed the undercurrent enriched with heavy metals is separated. In a process step belonging to sand flotation, the metal concentrates are separated again from the separating medium sand. The separated aluminum and magnesium fraction Al / Mg can optionally be further separated.

The separated heavy fraction (in particular zinc Zn, copper Cu, brass, lead Pb and possibly V4A steel) is separated into non-ferrous metals copper / brass and other metals by the optical sorter OS1. Any non-metallic residues that occur here can be fed in at a suitable point, depending on the amount and composition, for example here in the pre-process before _L. In summary, the main process SRμ with subsequent non-ferrous metal processing provides an Al / Mg fraction, a Cu / brass fraction, a fraction with other metals, a sand fraction sand and a raw granulate fraction granules. The raw granulate fraction granules ^ is then further purified in the finishing process V, so that the end products are the chlorine-enriched granulate fraction granulate _PVC and the low-chlorine and low-metal granulate fraction granulate.

B E Z U G S Z E I C H E N L I S T E

AB _L 1 suction device (separation of foam fraction)

Al / Mg light metal fraction

Cu / brass non-ferrous metal fraction

D _H 1, D _L 1, D _S 1 density separation devices

EF _V electrostatic free-fall separator

Fe iron fraction

Lint lint fraction

Granules of raw granules

Granulate pvc chlorine-enriched granulate fraction

Granules _r em chlorine and low-metal granulate fraction

K, K _S 1 classifying devices

MA _S 1, MA _V metal separator / all metal separator

NE, NE _H , NE _Ll NE _S , NEs _ch i _amm , NE non-ferrous metal-containing fractions

NF _L non-ferromagnetic fraction

NM _S low metal fraction

OS1 optical sorter

PM _L 1, PM _S 1 permanent magnetic separator

PU foam fraction

Remainder residual fraction

Sand, Sandt, Sand _s sand fractions

SF1 sand flotation plant

SG, SG | _, SG's heavy lift fractions

SLF shredder light fraction

Other metals Fraction with other metals

SRH main process

SS shredder scrap

SSF Shredder heavy fraction

V Refining process for the granulate

V2A steel fraction

Before _L preprocess for the shredder light fraction

Before _s preliminary process for the shredder heavy fraction

W _v friction and turbo washer Z _L 1, Z _L 2, ZH1 shredding units

Claims

1. Process for treating shredder residues of metal-containing waste, in particular vehicle bodies, in particular old bodies and / or accident vehicles, in which the shredder residues are divided into a light shredder fraction (SLF) and a non-ferromagnetic fraction (heavy shredder fraction (SSF)) be separated, characterized in that

(a) during the preparation of the shredder light fraction (SLF) and the shredder heavy fraction (SSF) in at least one pre-process (Vor _L , Vor _s ) and / or one main process (SRH) a raw granulate fraction (Granulatiπ) by separating at least one, advantageously at least two, in particular at least three, of the fractions containing iron or ferromagnetic fraction (Fe, V2A), non-ferrous metal-containing fraction (NE), fluff fraction (fluff), sand fraction (sand) is generated and

(b) the raw granulate fraction (granulate) is separated in a finishing process (V).

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the raw granulate fraction (Granulatπ) is separated in an electrostatic separation, which precedes in particular a surface cleaning and drying of the raw granules.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that from the raw granulate fraction (granulate | -ι) a chlorine and in particular also low-metal granulate fraction (granulate _re ι _n ) and advantageously also a chlorine-enriched granulate fraction (Granulate pvc ) and / or a heavy metal-enriched (sludge) fraction (NE _Sc h.amm) is separated.

4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shredder light fraction (SLF) a further pretreatment by means of a Magnetic separator for separating a ferromagnetic residual fraction is subjected

Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the preliminary process (starting from the shredder light fraction (SLF) by comminution, metal deposition, classification and / or density separation, an iron-containing and / or ferromagnetic fraction (FeN2A), a fine-grain sand fraction (Sand [_), a fluff fraction (fluff) and / or a coarse-grained heavy material fraction (SGL) is separated off, preferably at least two, in particular at least three of these fractions and particularly advantageously at least the latter fraction being obtained

Method according to claim 5, characterized in that a foam fraction (PU) is additionally separated from the shredder light fraction (SLF) in the preliminary process (Vor _L ), in particular by means of a suction device (AB)

Method according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that at least 60% by weight, in particular at least 80% by weight, of the heavy material fraction (SGL) with a diameter of 4 to 10 mm is obtained in particular by the comminution and / or the classification

Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that of the shredder heavy fraction (SSF) in the preliminary process (preliminary _s ) by metal separation, classification and / or density separation at least one non-ferrous metal-containing fraction (ΝE _S ), a fine-grained, low-metal Sand fraction (Sands) a high-density residual fraction (rest) and / or a heavy fraction (SG _S ) is separated off, preferably at least two and in particular three of these fractions and particularly advantageously at least the latter fraction

A method according to claim 8, characterized in that the classification gives at least 60% by weight, in particular at least 80% by weight, of the heavy goods fraction (SG _S ) with a diameter of> 6 mm Method according to one of claims 5 to 9, characterized in that in the main process (SR _H ) the heavy material fraction (s) (SG _L , SG _S ) is broken up by means of a comminution unit (ZH1) and into the raw granulate via a density separation device (Dμ1). Fraction (Granulatπ) and / or in an enriched, non-ferrous metal-containing fraction (NEH) is / are separated

A method according to claim 10, characterized in that a discharge of the comminution unit (ZH1) is specified with <8 mm

Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a surface cleaning of the crude granulate fraction (Granulatπ) takes place

A method according to claim 12, characterized in that a washed-off heavy metal- _enriched sludge fraction (NE _Sch.amm ) is separated

Method according to one of claims 2 to 13, characterized in that the cleaned granules are dried in a drying unit (Ty) to a residual moisture of <0.2% by weight

A method according to claim 14, characterized in that after drying, a residual metal fraction (NEv) separated by means of a metal separator (MAv)

Method according to one of claims 2 to 15, characterized in that the electrostatic separation takes place by means of an electrostatic separator (EF _V )

Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the non-ferrous metal-containing fraction (s) (NE _X ) resulting from the separation in the finishing process (V), depending on the amount and composition, is converted into a processing process of the non-ferrous metal-containing fraction ( NE) will be integrated

Plant for processing shredder residues of metal-containing waste, in particular car bodies, consisting of a shredder light fraction (SLF) and a non-ferromagnetic fraction (shredder heavy fraction (SSF)), characterized in that means are present with which

(a) during the preparation of the shredder light fraction (SLF) and the shredder heavy fraction (SSF) in preprocesses (Vor _L , Vor _s ) and a main process (SRμ) a raw granulate fraction (Granula. _H ) by separating at least one ferromagnetic fraction (Fe / V2A), a non-ferrous metal-containing fraction (NE), a fluff fraction (fluff) and a sand fraction (sand) is generated and

(b) the raw granulate fraction (Granulate-i) in a finishing process (V) through the successive process steps of surface cleaning, drying and electrostatic separation into at least one chlorine-enriched granulate fraction (Granulate PVC), a low-chlorine and low-metal granulate fraction (Granulate ) and a heavy metal-enriched sludge fraction (NE _Sc h-am _m ) is separated.

19. Plant according to claim 18, characterized in that a magnetic separator for separating ferromagnetic residual fractions from the shredder light fraction (SLF) is present.

20. Plant according to claims 18 or 19, characterized in that for processing the pretreated shredder light fraction (SLF) in the preliminary process (Voη successively

a first shredding unit (Z) for breaking down the shredder light fraction (SLF),

at least one magnetic separator (PMt.1) for separating at least one ferromagnetic fraction (Fe, V2A) from a non-ferromagnetic fraction (NF,

a second comminution unit (ZL2) for the digestion of the non-ferromagnetic fraction (NF, at least one classifying device (K | _1) for separating a fine-grained sand fraction (sand and

at least one density separation device (D _L 1) for separating the remaining fraction into the fluff fraction (fluff) and a coarse-grained heavy material fraction (SGL) are provided.

21. Plant according to claim 20, characterized in that a suction device (ABL1) for separating a foam fraction (PU) is additionally provided.

22. Plant according to one of claims 18 to 21, characterized in that for working up the shredder heavy fraction (SSF) in the preliminary process (before _s ) one after the other a metal separator (MA _S 1) and at least one classifying device (K _s 1) for separation at least one enriched, non-ferrous metal-containing fraction (NE _S ), a heavy material fraction (SG _S ) and a fine-grained, low-metal sand fraction (Sand _s ) are provided.

23. Plant according to one of claims 18 to 22, characterized in that for

Processing of the material flows from the preliminary processes (before _u , before _s ) in the main process (SR)

Means for combining the heavy goods fractions (SG _L , SG _S ) into a common heavy goods fraction (SG),

a comminution unit (ZH1) to disrupt the heavy material fraction (SG) and

subsequently a density separation device (DH1) for separating the raw granulate fraction (granulate μ) and an enriched, non-ferrous metal-containing fraction (NEH) from the digested heavy material fraction (SG) are provided.

24. Plant according to one of claims 18 to 23, characterized in that the means for treating the raw granulate fraction (Granulatπ) in the finishing process (V) comprise at least one friction and turbo washer (Wy), one drying unit (Ty) and one electrostatic free-fall separator (EF _V ).

25. Plant according to claim 24, characterized in that a metal separator (MAy) is additionally provided.

26. Plant according to claim 25, characterized in that means are provided for feeding the non-ferrous metal-containing fraction (NEy) obtained in the refining process (V) into a processing process of the non-ferrous metal-containing fraction (NE).

27. Use of the method for processing plastics from shredder residues of metal-containing waste, in particular car bodies, according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that a chlorine- and in particular also low-metal granulate fraction (granules _re [ _n ) for a raw material recycling, for example for use as a reducing agent in the blast furnace process, is separated.

28. Use according to claim 27, characterized in that the granulate fraction (granulate _re m) has at least the first two of the following characteristics:

® a calorific value > 20 MJ / kg

• a Cl content <1.5% by weight ® a Zn content <0.5% by weight <- a Cu content <0.2% by weight

A Pb content <0.1% by weight

• a Cd content <0.02% by weight.