DE4205309A1 - Prepn. of residual materials from old motor cars - involves sieving to produce fine, medium and coarse fractions, coarse fraction then being passed through several reducing and sorting stages - Google Patents

Abstract

After the initial sieving process, the coarse fraction is mechanically prepd. in several redn. and sorting stages, and divided into iron metal concentrate, non-iron metal concentrate and various fuel concentrates. After sepn. of coarse material, the residual material of the medium fraction is sorted into iron metal concentrate, non-iron metal concentrate and various fuel concentrates. From the fine fraction, in a series of several separate sorting stages an iron metal concentrate, a non-iron metal concentrate, a fuel concentrate, and depositable residual material are obtd. Residual material of the medium fraction is joined to the broken-down material flow of the coarse fraction. Sepd. coarse material of the medium fraction is fed to a break-down stage. USE/ADVANTAGE - To sort and prepare for recycling, where possible, material obtd. from old motor cars.

Description

The invention relates to a method for processing Residues from plants for scrap recovery from old cars bilen.

There are many ways to extract scrap from old automobiles Shredder systems used. In such shredder systems the old automobiles are shredded. From the crushed Material is then egg in downstream separation plants Sen- and non-ferrous metal scrap separated, that for extraction appropriate raw materials can be reused. What remains is a mixture of numerous residues that used in the manufacture of vehicles and the are available in different grain sizes. For this at scrap is mainly obtained from old automobiles a treatment process is required for the residues, which enables the extensive utilization of these residues light and thereby the accumulation of material that can be deposited graces.

The invention has for its object a method of Specify the type mentioned at the beginning, which is based on economic Way a separation of the residues in material rever valuable, energetically usable, thermally disposable and groups of substances that can be deposited.

To achieve this object, the invention provides that

• a) the residues by screening in a fine, medium and Coarse fraction are separated,
• b) the coarse fraction in several crushing and sor animal stages mechanically processed and in an iron mill tall concentrate, a non-ferrous metal concentrate and different fuel concentrates is separated,
• c) after separating a part of the vault and a coarse material share the residual material of the middle fraction in a sequence of sorting stages in a ferrous metal concentrate Nonferrous metal concentrate and various fuel concentrates is separated and
• d) from the fine fraction in a sequence of several separate sorting stages a ferrous metal concentrate, a non-ferrous metal concentrate, a fuel concentrate kicked and a depositable residue is obtained.

Further advantageous embodiments of the invention Process are in claims 2-12 and in the following given description.

The method according to the invention enables simple and economical way with the help of mechanical preparation processing of residues from plants for Extraction of scrap from automobiles in such a way that a high Share is obtained in the form of usable fractions and only a small proportion of a residue with one low content of organic components and more homogeneous Consistency to transfer to a landfill remains. Recyclable fractions are recyclable re metal fractions, energetically usable fractions as Fuel for use in cement plants, power plants, smelters operated and the like and thermally disposable fractions Processing in a hazardous waste incineration plant, one  Gasification plant or a pyrolysis plant generated.

The method according to the invention is characterized by a large number of interconnected process steps. This allows a high degree of flexibility in the adjustment of the Process to the composition of the material flow and to the desired specifications of the products obtained. It can therefore with appropriate design and adaptation the process does not only process residues that incurred when the car bodies are completely unassembled, but also those that come from pre-dismantled bodies men. The process according to the invention can be summarized in structure different process stages that are so concise are noted that changes in the residue composition the individual process or the product requirements sections removed as blocks from the process or can be interconnected in a different order.

In the method according to the invention come almost completely Dry mechanical shredding, classifying and Sorting techniques for use. Only on a single posi tion is a wet mechanical sorting stage before seen. The entire grain spectrum of shredder residues can be processed with the method according to the invention. A separation of a fine grain fraction that is no further is not processed.

Fractions that can be recycled fall after the inventions method according to the invention

• - a ferrous metal concentrate
• - an aluminum-rich non-ferrous metal concentrate and
• - a copper-rich non-ferrous metal concentrate.

Fall on energetically or materially usable fractions

• - essentially made of PUR foam,
• - essentially from chlorine-free thermoplastics and  
• - essentially from cellulose and organic fiber fabrics existing products. Depending on the degree of pre-assembly, the Individual bodies can be omitted.

The method according to the invention is described below using a in the process flow diagram shown in the drawing individual explained in more detail.

By the circuit of the specified in the process flow diagram individual process steps is a selective shredding tion of the different materials with the cheap most technology achieved up to the optimal digestion. By combining sieves and air classifiers or air flocks are sorted according to density. With Cascade separators are used to sort the particles by Grain shape and elasticity possible. Through magnetic separators a separation of strong and weak magnetic particles achieved. With the help of the marked as density separation level Unity becomes a separation from in a very narrow range Materials of different densities achieved.

In the following, the sequence of the procedure on the individual NEN procedural steps are shown. The overview For the sake of clarity, the procedure is in individual procedures sections shown. The process sections are like this designed to accommodate changes in composition of the residue or in the product requirements as blocks can be removed from the procedure.

Process stage I (positions 1-3)

Primary sieve classification and limitation of the maximum grain size.  

Due to the different material composition the shredder residues in different grain fractions shows a separation and separate further preparation fractions -1 mm, 1-20 mm and + 20 mm as before partial. To ensure a controlled process flow, is the upper grain to be processed to a maximum Limit 40 mm.

Position 1: Screening machine with 2 screen decks for screening 20 and at 2 mm.

The entire feed and the sieve underflow of the Posi tion 3 are fed to this unit.

Position 2: rotor shears for shredding and de-felting the screen retention of the 20 mm screen deck of position 1.

In particular, PUR foam is crushed or broken down pieces, aluminum sheets, tire parts, textile, leather and Leatherette covers, foils and matted aggregates. Through the cutting stress is gently shredded rough range.

Position 3: Screening machine with 2 screen decks for screening 40 mm and at 20 mm.

The discharge of the rotor shears is given up here. The strainer The 40 mm sieve is retained on the rotor shear guided. The fraction 20-40 mm runs from the process cut II. The fraction -20 mm is in the screening machine Position 1 fed.

Process stage II (items 4, 5)

Pre-sorting of the middle fraction (1-20 mm): separation of  Gewöl as well as wires, cables and wood chips and particles with diameters of more than 10 mm.

A pre-sort is for the preparation of the middle fraction 3 material types required. These are in ge separated process sections processed or in the same Process section turned on at different positions smuggles.

Position 4: air stove to separate the part of the vault.

Matted, fibrous aggregates from the remaining material flow separated and in light goods (LG) carried out. These aggregates consist of textile and glass fibers that are mixed with other components such as copper wires, Cables, wood shavings, etc. are matted. In addition get into small amounts of PUR foam, polystyrene and thin foils Light goods. This fraction is a separate process section (V) fed because for a subsequent sorting this fraction specially coordinated for the residual material unsuitable crushing, classifying and Sorting levels are required.

Position 5: cascade separator for cutting wires, Cables and wood shavings as well as particles with diameters above 10 mm.

The cascade separator separates them according to their shape of the particles. Short, compact particles are replaced by longer, elongated particles with the help of vibration promotion Cut. In the case of the material entered, this leads to a Separation of wires, cables and wood chips as well as parti with diameters over 10 mm from the material flow (Heavy load SG of the air source) in the overflow of the device. This Overflow is carried out together with the heavy material of the air source sition 6) a crushing stage (position 10) fed.  

Shredding is required for this partial flow, the digestion of composites and cables, a Balling of the wires and a fraying of the wood chips causes.

The cascade separator underflow becomes relative due to the good digestion and largely in this partial flow concentrated underbody protection particles, which is another Shredding cannot be tolerated without further shredding a sequence of sorting levels (from position 14).

Process stage III (positions 6-9)

Preparation of the coarse fraction (20-40 mm), section 1: Separation of an energetic (possibly also material) recycling product essentially made of PUR foam and a thermally disposable fraction essentially made of leather, Synthetic leather and foils.

Position 6: Air cooker for separating light goods (LG) from the fraction obtained in position 3 20-40 mm.

A light material (LG) is separated, which essentially consists of PUR foam as well as leather, synthetic leather and foils. Rubber, plastic molded parts, cables and metal parts to the heavy lift (SG) and proceed to process stage IV.

Position 7: Overband magnet for lifting the last one in Light goods in the 6 position of iron parts or Parts with magnetic components, e.g. B. Tire pieces.

The excavated parts go to process section IV.

Position 8: Cutting mill for crushing the lead material flow to less than 10 mm.  

This crushing level provides a further breakdown of composites (textile-PUR composite, etc.), a freile the majority, such as still stuck with PUR foam Proportion of copper wires and an even narrower grain band.

Position 9: Air cooker for the separation of almost pure PUR Foam with a small amount of thin films in the Light goods (LG) against leather, synthetic leather and foils in heavy good (SG).

The lightweight material is an energetically usable material with low ash, chlorine and copper content (fuel Ia (Br. Ia)). The heavy goods are as thermally disposable Classify material (Fuel II (Br. II)).

Section IV (Items 10-21)

Preparation of the coarse fraction (20-40 mm), section 2 and the middle fraction (1-20 mm) without bulbs.

Process section IV forms the central part of the total procedure. The main quantities of metal concentrates and of the energetically usable fractions are won here.

Position 10: Hammer mill for crushing the heavy goods of the air source in position 6 and that of the overhead belt parts excavated in position 7 together with the Kaska the separator overflow of position 5 of the coarse fraction (20-40 mm).

The hammer mill is set so that cleaning adhering dirt and rust particles from the surfaces the components to be sorted, a disintegration of composite toffen or particles from several components, a materi as specific, selective comminution and one for the subsequent sorting processes favorable change in grain  form of some components is achieved. The mill discharge position 11 is fed.

Position 11: Screening machine with a screen deck for screening at 1 mm.

The sieve fraction -1 mm, which is mainly made of glass, iron abraded, finest copper strand particles, fiber material, rust and dirt exists, is separated and procedural section VI fed. The screen retention runs into the air stove Position 12 to.

Position 12: Air stove to separate an energetically ver valuable fraction from cellulose and other organic Fiber material as well as polystyrene and thin foils.

The sieve fraction + 1 mm runs out of the posi of the air stove tion 11 and the sieve fraction + 5 mm from position 18. On the air stove there is a separation of frayed Wood chips, paper and foil chips, fiber materials and polystyrene beads in the light goods (LG) instead. Along with the light goods of the air cooker in position 26 (vault preparation tion) this material results in an energetically usable Product with low ash, chlorine and copper contents (Fuel Ic (Br. Ic)). The heavy load (SG) of the air source runs to the cascade separator in position 13.

Position 13: cascade separator for separating non-spherical Wires and strands, coarser wood chips, less open Cable pieces and particles with diameters greater than 10 mm.

The air stove at position 12 is still heavy unscrewed wires and strands, coarser wood chips, unruly closed cable pieces and particles with diameters of  more than 10 mm are in the overflow of the cascade separator separated and a hammer mill for re-crushing (Position 17) fed. The cascade separator underflow runs a magnetic separator (position 14).

Position 14: magnetic separator with weak and strong field separator for separating iron and underbody protection particles.

The lower reaches of the cascade run through the magnetic separator that of positions 5 and 13. In a first stage an iron concentrate is separated off with the weak field separator. In the second stage, an Ab surprisingly succeeds separation of the underbody protection material using a Stark feldscheiders. This fraction can be disposed of thermally Classify material (Fuel II (Br. II)). The unmagne table residual fraction runs to an air stove in position 15.

Position 15: Air cooker for separating an aluminum free Chen non-ferrous metal concentrate (NE-Konz.I).

After separation of the magnetic fractions, the medium-grain material flow leading here a NE- Obtain concentrate in the heavy lift (SG) of an air source. The This concentrate mainly consists of aluminum. Unterge brass and copper are added. The light goods (LG) of the air source runs a further density separation stage in Position 16 to.

Position 16: density separation stage for the separation of an energetic table usable fraction, mainly from chlorine-free Thermoplastics (fuel Ib (Br. Ib)). This density separator Depending on the leading material, the stage can be dry or Be designed wet process.  

Are no or only a few molded parts in the shredder lead Containing PVC, a dry density separation level is sufficient. Here a cascade separator and an air cooker are required. The feed item of position 16 is first on a Cascade separator the more elastic parts in the overflow separated. The underflow is given up to the air stove. The Light goods obtained there (LG) is the desired energy recoverable product. Cascade overflow and air cooker Heavy goods (SG) run to further crush the hammer mill in position 17.

Higher proportions of PVC molded parts in the shredder residue substances or stricter requirements for chlorine and copper contents in the energetically usable product make the one a wet density separation stage is required. Therefor become a conditioner, a heavy cloud cyclone, an ent water strainer, a quick clarifier, a filter, a dryer and associated pumps required. The advance of position 16 is clouded in a conditioner and in one Heavy turbidity cyclone separated into 2 fractions. Both frak ions are placed on a drainage sieve with a separating strip dewatered and dried separately in the dryer. The drained Serte and dried cyclone overflow forms the energetic recoverable product. The lower reaches are after drainage and drying to further crush the hammer mill in Position 17 fed. The lower reaches of the drainage screen is sent to a quick clarifier. The overflowing pro Zeßwasser is circulated, the clarifier underflow is filtered, the filtrate water is returned to the clarifier, the filter cake slammed into the residue.

Position 17: hammer mill for re-crushing various ner residual flows from process sections IV, V and VI.  

The hammer mill is set so that a complete Disruption of all remaining cable pieces and composites, complete shredding of the glass portion below 1 mm or 0.5 mm and extensive balling also rela tiv short strands. The mill discharge is Position 18 fed.

Position 18: Screening machine with 2 screen decks for screening 1 mm and at 5 mm.

The discharge of the hammer mill is given up here. The strainer retention of the 5 mm sieve is due to the higher proportion Cellulose and other organic fibers to the air hearth in position 12 for the separation of an energetically usable Fraction (fuel Ic) fed. The fraction 1-5 mm runs a magnetic separator in position 19, the fraction -1 mm is passed to process section VI.

Position 19: weak field magnetic separator for the separation of Iron particles in the grain area 1-5 mm.

The weak field magnetic separator in position 19 is running a mate rialstrom, which is the bulk of the copper from the rest contains fabric. The magnetic separation in this stage serves Improved selectivity in the subsequent win tion of a non-ferrous metal concentrate and the production of a another iron concentrate.

Position 20: Screening machine with a screen deck for screening at 2 mm.

The sieve fraction + 2 mm contains even more Particles made of aluminum and molded parts made of chlorine-free Ther plastics. To get these into the appropriate product flows transfer, this material flow is fed into Position 15  part of the copper content. This is used to obtain it Group 21 forwarded.

Position 21: wind sifter for separating a copper free Chen non-ferrous metal concentrate (NE conc. II).

The wind sifting is carried out in such a way that in the heavy cargo (SG) a non-ferrous metal concentrate can be extracted. in the In addition to very fine short, light goods (LG) are still unavailable ball copper strands, various organic com components. For further processing of this Material flow is the feed to the granulator in Posi tion 25 the cheapest way.

Section V (items 22-27)

Preparation of the pre-separated spice fraction.

A sorting of the Kom. Represented in the Gewöllfraktion components can only be in specially coordinated, for the remainder unsuitable shredding, sorting and sorting levels.

Position 22: hammer mill for the first digestion stage of the Gewöls.

The mill is set so that from the matted aggre were carried along fine grain (-1 mm) and coarser parts such as cables, wires, glass and plastic and Metal parts are carefully removed. That in this Well-prepared goods precede screening in position 23.

Position 23: Screening machine with a screen deck for screening at 1 mm.

With this sieving, the Ge detached fine grain (-1 mm) separated and the  Process section VI forwarded. This fraction contains in addition to organic fibers, especially glass fiber material, glass, Rust and dirt. The sieve retention is in the air stove Position 24 fed.

Position 24: air source for the separation of coarser particles, such as pieces of cable, wires, glass, plastic and metal parts from the spice fraction.

The exposed by the stress in the hammer mill coarser particles are on the air stove in the heavy cargo (SG) separated. In the light goods (LG) the remaining Gewöll fraction carried out, essentially from fiber material lien, foils, synthetic leather, small pieces of cable, copper lit. zen, wood shavings, polystyrene, paper and PUR foam particles consists. The heavy goods will be sent to the cascade separator in Posi tion 5 fed. The light goods become further information (second digestion stage) of a cutting mill in position 25 fed.

Position 25: Cutting mill for the second digestion stage of arches.

After separation of the exposed in the first digestion stage materials that damage the cutting mill could cause, the remaining vaulted fraction together with the light goods (LG) of the wind sifter from Posi tion 21 further crushed in a granulator. The fiber material is cut so far that a new one Significant matting is no longer possible. The Mill discharge becomes an air stove for further sorting fed in position 26.

Position 26: air stove to separate an energetic usable fraction from the digested wine.  

From the debris left open in the granulator on an air stove as a light good (LG) an energetic usable product from cellulose and other organic Fibers, thin foils, and subordinate PUR foam and win styrofoam beads. Together with the light goods of the air cooker in position 12 gives this material energetically usable product with low ash, chlorine and copper contents (fuel Ic (Br. Ic)). The heavy lift (SG) of the air cooker runs towards the sieve in position 27.

Position 27: Screening machine with a screen deck for screening at 2 mm. Separation of a thermally disposable fraction.

The air source heavy from position 26 becomes at 2 mm sieved. The screen retention largely consists of art leather, and stronger foils. This fraction is by one high chlorine and low ash content and thus as a thermally disposable material (fuel II (Br. II)). One is mentioned in the sieve pass valuable amount of fine copper strands discharged. To this me To win tallin content, the fraction -2 mm of Ham mermühle fed in position 17, in which a ball even small strands are made. So that is in a after following sorting according to the density of this copper content largely recoverable.

Section VI (Items 28-33) Preparation of the fine fraction (-1 mm)

The fine grain primarily contained in the shredder residue and the sieve obtained in process sections IV and V. Fractions -1 mm are processed together. The fine Grain fraction can be broken down into one rich in iron and one rich in copper Non-ferrous metal concentrate, a thermally disposable partial stream and disassemble a landfill-compatible residue.  

Position 28: Air classifier for separating a metal row Chen heavy fraction.

The air classifier is set so that the majority Part of iron and copper particles in heavy goods (SG) ge reaches and thereby experiences a significant enrichment. Glass-, Rust and underbody protection particles of more than 0.5 mm in Diameters also get into this fraction. In the easy gut (LG) are fine grain, finer particles of glass and Rust as well as dirt, organic components and paint particles carried out. The heavy goods run into a magnetic separator Position 29, the light goods to a sieve in position 31.

Position 29: magnetic separator with weak and strong field separator for separating iron and underbody protection par articles.

The heavy separator (SG) of the air classifier runs on the magnetic separator to position 28. In a first stage, the Weak field separator separated an iron concentrate. In the The second stage also succeeds in separating the sub soil protection material using a strong field separator. These Fraction is a thermally disposable material (Brenn substance II (Br. II)). The non-magnetic residual fracture tion runs to an air classifier in position 30.

Position 30: wind sifter to extract a copper-rich Non-ferrous metal concentrate.

From the non-magnetic part of the metal-rich heavy fraction is a copper-rich non-ferrous metal con concentrate (NE conc. II) in the heavy cargo (SG) of an air classifier won. The classifier light goods (LG) contains organi components and glass particles, especially non-spherical ones Copper strand particles. To extract this metal part the light material of the hammer mill is in position 17 supplied for balling the wire.  

Position 31: Screening machine with a screen deck for screening at 0.5 mm. Separation of a thermally disposable frak tion.

By screening the classifier light goods (LG) from position 28 at 0.5 mm there is a relatively low-ash frac in the sieve overflow tion from various organic components and as a thermally disposable material (fuel II (Br. II)). The sieve run runs again Air classifier in position 32 too.

Position 32: wind sifter to separate a residue Fraction from the grain band -0.5 mm.

The screen underflow from position 31 runs a windsich ter that is set in such a way that in the heavy cargo (SG) a residual fraction with low residual organi components are discharged. The classifier lightweight (LG) is fed to a further screening in position 33.

Position 33: Screening machine with a screen deck for screening at 0.25 mm. Separation into a thermally disposable and a residual fraction.

By screening the classifier light goods (LG) from position 32 at 0.25 mm there is a relatively low ash fracture in the sieve overflow tion from various organic components and as a thermally disposable material (fuel II (Br. II)). The sieve underflow is the residual material fracture tion with low residual organic components slam.

Claims (12)

1. Process for the processing of residues from plants for the recovery of scrap from old automobiles, characterized in that

• a) the residues are separated by sieving into a fine, medium and coarse fraction,
• b) the coarse fraction mechanically processed in several crushing and sorting stages and into a ferrous metal concentrate, a non-ferrous metal concentrate and various fuel concentrates is separated,
• c) after separating a part of Gewöl and a coarse good, the residual material of the middle fraction in a sequence of sorting stages in a ferrous metal concentrate, non-ferrous metal concentrates and various fuel concentrates is separated and
• d) that from the fine fraction in a sequence of several separate sorting stages a Eisenme tall concentrate, non-ferrous metal concentrates, a fuel concentrate and a depositable residual material is obtained.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the remainder of the middle fraction with the crushed Material flow of the coarse fraction is combined. 3. The method according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized characterized in that the separated coarse material of the funds fraction of a shredding stage for shredding is fed to the coarse fraction.   4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the separated Gewöllan part of the middle fraction crushed separately and in Fuel fractions and residual fractions separated is, the residue fractions treatment stages the medium and / or coarse fraction are fed. 5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that following a Zer level of reduction of the shredded good a fine fraction is separated. 6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that several separated fine fractions for further processing lead to a material flow. 7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the crushing with the help is carried out by hammer mills. 8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that for comminution sorted fractions granulators are used. 9. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the separation of the fractions with the help of sieves, flocks, cascade separators, Magnetic separators and air classifiers are carried out. 10. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the separation of a Frak tion of thermoplastic materials with the help of a Density separation takes place.   11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that Air for dry separation as density separation stage stove and a cascade separator is used. 12. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that a condition for wet separation as a density separation stage nier and a heavy cloud cyclone is used, whereby the fractions obtained on a dewatering screen dewatered and dried in a dryer.