EP1331515B1 - Méthode de traitement d'un matériau photographique négatif noir et blanc pour enregistrer une bande sonore cinématographique - Google Patents

Méthode de traitement d'un matériau photographique négatif noir et blanc pour enregistrer une bande sonore cinématographique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1331515B1
EP1331515B1 EP03100081A EP03100081A EP1331515B1 EP 1331515 B1 EP1331515 B1 EP 1331515B1 EP 03100081 A EP03100081 A EP 03100081A EP 03100081 A EP03100081 A EP 03100081A EP 1331515 B1 EP1331515 B1 EP 1331515B1
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Prior art keywords
processing
silver halide
film
soundtrack
dye
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EP03100081A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1331515A1 (fr
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Jean C/O Agfa-Gevaert Burtin
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Agfa Gevaert NV
Agfa Gevaert AG
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Agfa Gevaert NV
Agfa Gevaert AG
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C5/00—Photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents
    • G03C5/08—Photoprinting; Processes and means for preventing photoprinting
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
    • G03C1/035—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein characterised by the crystal form or composition, e.g. mixed grain
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C5/00—Photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents
    • G03C5/26—Processes using silver-salt-containing photosensitive materials or agents therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C7/00—Multicolour photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents; Photosensitive materials for multicolour processes
    • G03C7/22—Subtractive cinematographic processes; Materials therefor; Preparing or processing such materials
    • G03C7/24—Subtractive cinematographic processes; Materials therefor; Preparing or processing such materials combined with sound-recording
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C7/00—Multicolour photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents; Photosensitive materials for multicolour processes
    • G03C7/30—Colour processes using colour-coupling substances; Materials therefor; Preparing or processing such materials
    • G03C7/407—Development processes or agents therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
    • G03C1/035—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein characterised by the crystal form or composition, e.g. mixed grain
    • G03C2001/03511—Bromide content
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
    • G03C1/035—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein characterised by the crystal form or composition, e.g. mixed grain
    • G03C2001/03529—Coefficient of variation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
    • G03C1/035—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein characterised by the crystal form or composition, e.g. mixed grain
    • G03C2001/03541—Cubic grains
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
    • G03C1/035—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein characterised by the crystal form or composition, e.g. mixed grain
    • G03C2001/0357—Monodisperse emulsion
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
    • G03C1/035—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein characterised by the crystal form or composition, e.g. mixed grain
    • G03C2001/03594—Size of the grains
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C7/00—Multicolour photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents; Photosensitive materials for multicolour processes
    • G03C7/30—Colour processes using colour-coupling substances; Materials therefor; Preparing or processing such materials
    • G03C7/3022—Materials with specific emulsion characteristics, e.g. thickness of the layers, silver content, shape of AgX grains
    • G03C2007/3025—Silver content
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C2200/00—Details
    • G03C2200/09—Apparatus
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C2200/00—Details
    • G03C2200/23—Filter dye
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C2200/00—Details
    • G03C2200/43—Process
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C2200/00—Details
    • G03C2200/52—Rapid processing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C5/00—Photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents
    • G03C5/12—Cinematrographic processes of taking pictures or printing
    • G03C5/14—Cinematrographic processes of taking pictures or printing combined with sound-recording
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C5/00—Photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents
    • G03C5/26—Processes using silver-salt-containing photosensitive materials or agents therefor
    • G03C5/28—Cinematographic-film processes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C7/00—Multicolour photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents; Photosensitive materials for multicolour processes
    • G03C7/30—Colour processes using colour-coupling substances; Materials therefor; Preparing or processing such materials
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C7/00—Multicolour photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents; Photosensitive materials for multicolour processes
    • G03C7/30—Colour processes using colour-coupling substances; Materials therefor; Preparing or processing such materials
    • G03C7/3029—Materials characterised by a specific arrangement of layers, e.g. unit layers, or layers having a specific function

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for processing, inclusive for use of a dedicated apparatus therefor, of a silver halide black-and-white negative recording film material suitable for being printed as motion picture soundtrack on a motion picture print film.
  • Motion picture print film the film that is shown in movie theaters, commonly employs an optical analog soundtrack along an edge of the film.
  • a light source illuminates the analog soundtrack and a photosensor senses the light passing through and modulated by the soundtrack to produce an audio signal that is sent to amplifiers of the theater sound system.
  • the most common soundtracks are of the "variable area” type wherein the signal is recorded in the form of a varying ratio of opaque to relatively clear area along the soundtrack
  • “variable density” soundtracks are also known wherein the absolute density is uniformly varied along the soundtrack.
  • Common sound systems incorporate a cell in the projector whose radiant sensitivity peaks at approximately 800-950 nm (depending on the type of photodiode), which detects the predominant infra-red (IR) radiation emitted by common tungsten lamps or red LED's (light emitting diodes).
  • IR infra-red
  • Digital soundtracks for motion picture films have been more recently introduced, wherein sound information is recorded in a digital format, e.g. comprising small data bit patterns on the film, typically between perforations of the motion picture film (e.g., Dolby® Digital Stereo soundtracks) or along the film edge (e.g., Sony® Dynamic Digital Sound soundtracks).
  • the motion picture and soundtrack are first typically captured or recorded on separate photosensitive films as negative images, wherein the color negative film is characterized by a low contrast in order to provide large exposure latitude, opposite to the black-and-white sound recording negative film material characterized by a high contrast in order to sharply represent sound differences. Both resulting negatives are then printed in synchronization on a motion picture print film in order to form positive images.
  • a camera negative film employing relatively fast silver halide emulsions is typically used to record the motion picture images.
  • the camera film In order to reproduce the wide ranges of colors and tones which may be found in various images, the camera film typically also has a relatively low contrast or gamma.
  • Variable area analog soundtracks and digital soundtracks are best recorded with high contrast, relatively slower speed films in order to generate desired sharp images for the sound recording and minimize background noise generated by relatively high minimum densities typically associated with relatively fast camera negative films.
  • Simultaneously printing of a digital and an analog soundtrack moreover requires an adapted filtering differing from each other during the printing process.
  • Sound recording films typically comprised of silver-based black-and-white films thus remain preferred.
  • Said film is designed to be processed with conventional black-and-white developer solutions to form silver-based black-and-white images, such as, e.g. the D-97 process as specified in Module 15 titled “Processing black-and-white films” of the Kodak Publication H-24 titled “Manual for Processing Eastman Motion Picture Film”.
  • black-and-white images are generally produced by developing silver halide in a black-and-white developer containing a developing agent in order to form a silver image by reducing the exposed silver halide to silver metal.
  • the undeveloped silver halide is removed from the film by "fixing" with aqueous fixer solution having a silver salt dissolving agent.
  • the silver metal remaining in the film represents the image.
  • a well-known disadvantage of the classically applied D-97 processing chemicals is, besides its long developing time of about 4 to 5 minutes, its lack for stability in laboratories, opposite to stability obtained for color processing in well-experienced standardized color processing labs.
  • the chemical developing solutions are not provided as ready-for-use solutions and should be prepared in the processing laboratory, thereby requiring trained people and an adapted environment, wherein chemicals can be handled without risk for environmental disasters.
  • Still another object of the present invention is to provide daylight loading from camera to processor, therefore providing the sound recording film in a cassette, said film further having excellent antistatic properties.
  • a still further object of the present invention is to provide an ecologically more justified processing method, in order to avoid load of the environment by making use of a film coated with lower amounts of silver halide, further requiring lower amounts of chemicals in developer and fixer as well as in their corresponding replenishers.
  • Fig. 1 represents sensitometric curves obtained after having processed during 25 seconds at differing developer temperatures, an exposed ST-9® Sound Recording Film, as a silver halide black-and-white sound recording film, sensitized in the green and in the red wavelength range of the visible light spectrum, in a FP 500 COPEX® processing machine, filled with G3231® as a developer, and G3343® as fixer, all trademarked products from Agfa-Gevaert N.V., Mortsel, Belgium.
  • Fig. 2 represents a set of sensitometric curves obtained after having processed the same exposed ST-9® Sound Recording Film as in Fig. 1, during 25 seconds at differing developer temperatures in two different developers being G3231® and G101®, both being developers and trademark products from Agfa-Gevaert N.V., Mortsel, Belgium.
  • Fig. 1 (C6) and Fig. 2 (C2) a reference curve is obtained after having run the same exposed ST-9® Sound Recording Film in standard conditions in the D-97 processing cycle, specified in Module 15 titled “Processing black-and-white films” of the Kodak Publication H-24 titled “Manual for Processing Eastman Motion Picture Film”.
  • a processing method for an exposed silver halide black-and-white negative working sound recording film element, said processing method comprising the steps of processing said sound recording film element in a (compact) processing apparatus (in an office environment), providing processing ability in daylight environment, wherein said processing method comprises the steps of developing in a developer within a time of less than 20 seconds, fixing in a fixer, rinsing and drying, wherein said silver halide black-and-white negative working sound recording film element comprises monodispersed cubic silver halide grains rich in silver bromide having an average grain size of less than 0.35 ⁇ m and a coefficient of variation of grain size of less than 40%, wherein said grains have been panchromatically sensitized over a wavelength range from 400 nm up to 750 nm.
  • the said method proceeds in a total processing time, inclusive for the time inclusive for most time consuming steps like rinsing, and, still more important, drying (in the range of from 0.5 meter up to about 5 meter per minute), the said method seems, at least for the slowest cycle, to be less advantageous than the method as applied known before in the D-97 process.
  • the comfortable conditions of an office environment, as well as the absence of time-consuming transport to a separate laboratory and preparation of chemical processing solutions provides a reduction of total cost to the customer in the whole performing context.
  • a running processing time of about 5 m per minute may look much slower than the common time in the range from 25 up to 50 m per minute, and although it may take about 2 hours before ending processing of a film reel of about 600 m, even for a complete film taking about 5 to 6 reels, the total running processing time of about 10 to 12 hours still remains favourable as no transport, taking at least as much time (and mobilized, stressed people having to perform a "just-in-time" order), is required anymore as processing proceeds in an office environment in a very customer-friendly processing machine, moreover enabling processing in a daylight environment.
  • Presence of the sound recording film in a daylight cassette is preferred: unrolling the film before exposing in order to registrate analog and/or digital sound, followed by rolling up again the exposed film in a daylight cassette doesn't form any problem as opposite thereto an opportunity is offered in order to allow working in daylight conditions in an office environment, without darkroom!
  • a daylight cassette may be provided with means, in order to be able to detect the length of exposed and unexposed film respectively, as has e.g. been described in US-P's 5,153,625; 5,247,323 and 5,389,992; without however being limited to the method described therein, applied to COM systems.
  • non-contacting means e.g.
  • magnets taking into account the number of windings, other means (e.g. optical means, radial bar codes on a disc at an axial end of a film cassette as in US-P 5,030,978 or means like an indicator window, formed on a surface of the cassette shell, wherein a rotatable indicator wheel behind the indicator window carries an indication representing a degree of exposure of the photographic film as described in US-P 5,278,600 can be applied.
  • the amount of film being withdrawn can be monitored by an encoder as has been described in US-P 5,389,992 or e.g. by means counting the number of perforations and displaying the passed meters of film.
  • Systems providing detection ability of passed film may already have been incorporated in the software of the film camera, providing ability to carry cassettes having variable size, depending on reel length. Those cassettes may be built up so that a part containing the already exposed film may be separated from the other part with unexposed film, wherein the exposed film cassette may be attached to the processing machine in order to provide direct processing ability, while further exposure actions may continue meanwhile.
  • a preferred machine or very suitable apparatus for processing the exposed black-and-white sound recording film is the FP 500 COPEX® processing machine, trademarked product from Agfa-Gevaert, Mortsel, Belgium, without however being limited thereto as other processing machines, known from graphic or micrographic applications may provide analogous results for a tank content or volume of about 4 liter for the developer solution, 2 liter for the fixer solution and 2 liter and 4 liter for the washing or rinsing tank.
  • Such tank volumes for developer, fixer and washing stations can thus indeed be considered as being “compact”, if compared with the large tank volumes of the D-97 developer commonly used until now in order to process sound recording films.
  • the user-friendly processing machine moreover offers an ecological advantage, in that less chemicals, available as stable, “ready-for-use” processing solutions are consumed in the processing cycle, further requiring lower replenishment in amounts of at least 5, more realistic, at least 10 times, and even up to 20 times less than in the formerly applied D-97 processing cycle, moreover offering a quite stable sensitometry and, consequenty, excellent and constant sound quality after printing on the ciné color positive print film material.
  • said silver halide black-and-white negative working sound recording film element comprises monodispersed cubic silver halide grains rich in silver bromide having an average grain size of less than 0.35 ⁇ m and a coefficient of variation of grain size of less than 40%, wherein said grains have been panchromatically sensitized over a wavelength range from 400 nm up to 750 nm as already disclosed above.
  • DOLBY® Dynamic Digital Stereo Sound system is sensitive to green light (wherefore ST-8D® Sound Recording Film, trademarked product from Agfa-Gevaert N.V., Mortsel, Belgium, can advantageously be used), whereas the SONY® Dynamic Digital Sound system is sensitive to red light (emitted by red LEDs), and as analog soundtracks cannot be denied yet as being dependent on the projection system available at the movie theaters, it is clear that photographically recording digital data in each of two or more different formats as well as analog audio soundtrack, in real time on a single motion picture film, requires spectral sensitization in both the green as well as the red visible wavelength range of the spectrum, providing optimized spectral sensitivities at 580 nm and 670 nm for the green and red range respectively.
  • the black-and-white silver halide photographic sound recording film material used in the processing method of the present invention is, in its light-sensitive layer(s), coated with monodispersed cubic silver halide grains.
  • Said monodispersed cubic silver halide grains rich in silver bromide may, in principle, comprise silver chloride.
  • said monodispersed cubic silver halide grains rich in silver bromide have a silver bromoiodide composition, wherein an average grain size is less than 0.35 ⁇ m, more preferably less than 0.30 ⁇ m, and wherein said coefficient of variation of grain size is at most 40 % and, more preferably, less than 30 %.
  • said monodispersed cubic silver halide grains rich in silver bromide have a silver bromoiodide composition containing silver iodide in the range from 0 mole % up to 3 mole %, wherein an average grain size is in the range from 0.22 to 0.28 ⁇ m, and wherein said coefficient of variation of grain size is in the range from 15 to 25 %.
  • Said emulsions are preferably surface-sensitive or unfogged internal latent image-forming emulsions, i.e., emulsions that form latent images primarily on the surface of the silver halide grains in order to provide negative-working emulsions such as surface-sensitive emulsions.
  • the silver halide grains of the emulsions can further be surface-sensitized, and noble metal (e.g., gold), middle chalcogen (e.g., sulfur, selenium, or tellurium) and reduction sensitizers, employed individually or in combination, are specifically contemplated.
  • noble metal e.g., gold
  • middle chalcogen e.g., sulfur, selenium, or tellurium
  • reduction sensitizers employed individually or in combination, are specifically contemplated.
  • Typical chemical sensitizers are listed in Research Disclosure, Item 308119, Section III, published December 1, 1989.
  • Silver halide emulsions can be spectrally sensitized with dyes from a variety of classes, including the polymethine dye class, which includes the cyanines, merocyanines, complex cyanines and merocyanines (i.e., tri-tetra-, and polynuclear cyanines and merocyanines), oxonols, hemioxonols, styryls, merostyryls, and streptocyanines.
  • Illustrative spectral sensitizing dyes are disclosed in US-A 2,430,558 and other references cited in Research Disclosure, Item 308119, Section IV.
  • the sound recording film emulsions are effectively spectrally sensitized both below and above 600 nm, i.a. over a wavelength range of 400 nm to 750 nm.
  • This may be accomplished with one or a mixture of sensitizing dye(s), said one or each dye providing a broad sensitivity peak for the sensitized emulsion which spans substantial portions of both the green (e.g., 500-600 nm) and red (e.g., 600-750) regions of the spectrum, or through use of multiple sensitizing dyes providing peak sensitivities both above and below 600 nm.
  • the sound recording film emulsions are spectrally sensitized with a first green spectral sensitizing dye providing a peak sensitivity at less than or equal to 600 nm and a second red spectral sensitizing dye providing a peak sensitivity above 600 nm.
  • first and second dyes are preferably used in combination in order to spectrally sensitize a single silver halide emulsion, but may alternatively be used to sensitize separate emulsions, which may then be combined and coated in a single layer or coated in separate layers.
  • the sound recording film is spectrally sensitized with green and red spectral sensitizing dyes providing peak sensitivities at about 580 nm and at about 670 nm.
  • the sound recording film may also be sensitized to the infrared and/or ultraviolet regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.
  • the sound recording film used in the processing method of the present invention is preferably spectrally sensitized in order to require less than 2.3 x 10 -4 J/m 2 , more preferably less than 0.21 x 10 -4 J/m 2 , and most preferably less than 0.20 x 10 -4 J/m 2 of energy at wavelengths of 580 nm and 670 nm, and more preferably for all wavelengths throughout the green and red regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.
  • coated amounts of silver halide are important in order to provide the expected overall contrast set forth above.
  • Said monodispersed cubic silver halide grains thus are preferably present in an amount, expressed as an equivalent amount silver nitrate in the range from 3.0 up to 7.0 g/m 2 , more preferably from 4.0 up to 6.0 g/m 2 and even more preferred about 5.5 ⁇ 0.5 g/m 2 . It is clear that the maximum densities obtained after processing are decisive for the ultimate coating amounts as requested.
  • a black and white negative working silver halide photographic sound recording film comprising a support bearing at least one silver halide emulsion layer, wherein said film is spectrally sensitized both above and below 600 nm as disclosed in US-A 5,955,255, thus being panchromatically sensitized as formerly described in GB 449,546 and the corresponding FR 784,027.
  • Such film may be used for recording multiple optical soundtracks by exposing said film with a first source of radiation having a peak wavelength of less than or equal to 600 nm, recording a second digital soundtrack by exposing said film with a second source of radiation having a peak wavelength of greater than 600 nm, and processing said exposed film to form first and second digital soundtrack silver images.
  • Suitable antihalation dyes selected e.g. from the dyes or pigments given hereinbefore may advantageously be coated in an antihalation undercoat.
  • Typical black-and-white sound recording films designed for recording analog soundtracks comprise relatively fine grains as disclosed above, moreover having the desired monodispersity, thus providing a high contrast overall gradient being greater than 3.7, more preferably greater than 3.8 and even most preferably greater than 3.9, desirable for recording a soundtrack with sharp edges.
  • said sound recording film having fine emulsion grains rich in silver bromide in a developer known from graphic arts or micrographic applications, such as the G3231® or G101® developer, both being trademarked product from Agfa-Gevaert N.V., Mortsel, Belgium, followed by fixing in a fixer such as the G3343® , also trademarked product from same manufacturing company.
  • Said developer comprises a combination of hydroquinone/phenidone as developing agent, but presence of ascorbic acid and/or methol as an alternative developing agent or combination of agents is not excluded.
  • the said fixer is known to have ammonium thiosulfate as a fixing agent, able to dissolve non-exposed areas on the film (quite a very huge percentage, in the range of more than 90 % and even more than 95 % of the film material as only a very small track has to be developed on the film, normally having a width of 35 mm.
  • the fixing time can thus necessarily be prolonged, but the time of drying (after rinsing) will normally be most decisive. Presence of a rinsing step after developing may be useful.
  • White light sources such as tungsten lamps have conventionally been used to record analog soundtracks. Accordingly, the native sensitivity of many silver halide emulsions in the blue region of the electromagnetic spectrum (e.g., 380-500 nm) has formerly been sufficient for such white light recording. Where additional speed is desired for white light recording or where emulsions are used which lack sufficient native sensitivity in the visible light region, sound recording films have been sensitized for analog recording with blue and/or green sensitizing dyes. As nowadays digital soundtrack recording is typically performed by exposing a sound recording film to a modulated radiation light source having a narrow band width, such as a modulated laser beam (e.g.
  • sound recording films have nowadays been performed in order to be optimally spectrally sensitized so as to provide a peak sensitivity to match a particular digital recording device, along with providing adequate sensitivity for recording analog soundtracks with white light sources. It is thus clear that the method of the present invention is applicable to sound recording films providing ability to analog sound recording, to digital sound recording (in the green and/or the red wavelength range of the spectrum) and to universally recording sound films, providing application for analog as well as digital sound recording in the broadest sense.
  • Sound recording films are exposed to tungsten light in a sound recorder to capture the latent image of an analog sound pattern.
  • the typical equivalent shutter speeds of commercial analog soundtrack recorders are in the order of 10 -6 second exposure time.
  • Typical digital recording exposure times using lasers or light emitting diodes range from 10 -4 s to 10 -6 s.
  • the processing steps mentioned before are preferably followed by a step of controlling black-and-white densitometry.
  • This measure is particularly preferred in order to control the density obtained for the exposed and processed film and to guarantee a constant control: deviations from the desired sensitometry are most preferably corrected by changes in temperature of the developer as will be illustrated in the examples hereinafter.
  • an automatic processing machine in order to perform processing of an exposed silver halide black-and-white negative working sound recording film element by the method according to the present invention as described hereinbefore.
  • Ability to work in an office environment in daylight conditions is offering a particular advantage.
  • an automatic processing machine provided with a densitometer in order to perform all steps, inclusive for processing steps and the step of controlling black-and-white densitometry according to the method of the present invention.
  • a densitometer in order to perform all steps, inclusive for processing steps and the step of controlling black-and-white densitometry according to the method of the present invention.
  • Such a configuration advantageously leads to the control of the required densitometry (sensitometry) for the processed silver halide black-and-white sound recording film element as described before as a constant high quality is required for the sound recording film in order to get a soundtrack, characterized by a high and constant quality, on the color print film as end product, ready to be projected and viewed in a movie theater.
  • a method for forming a soundtrack image in a motion picture print film, said method comprising the steps of recording a soundtrack negative in a silver halide sound recording film material processed following the method according to the method as claimed hereinbefore, and printing said soundtrack onto a negative-working motion picture print film by exposing the said motion picture print film through the soundtrack negative and processing the exposed print film in order to form a positive soundtrack, preferably together with framed pictures (image area frames) from a negative recording film, printed onto the said print film.
  • both said negative recording film and said motion picture print film are color films.
  • a color print film material provided with a soundtrack printed from a sound recording film according to the present invention preferably has an antihalation undercoat comprising one or more dye(s), preferably absorbing scattered light, and wherein at least one dye is a yellow non-diffusing dye that absorbs blue light and is removable and/or decolorizable in a processing bath, and wherein optionally other dyes present are covering the spectrum in order to absorb radiation in the green and red wavelength range.
  • an antihalation undercoat comprising one or more dye(s), preferably absorbing scattered light, and wherein at least one dye is a yellow non-diffusing dye that absorbs blue light and is removable and/or decolorizable in a processing bath, and wherein optionally other dyes present are covering the spectrum in order to absorb radiation in the green and red wavelength range.
  • the said yellow dye which is required in the antihalation undercoat layer, as the blue sensitive emulsion layer is coated as closest light-sensitive layer, is preferably chosen from the group consisting of merostyryl dyes and monomethine oxonol dyes, wherein further said merostyryl dyes preferably are pyrazolone-5 merostyryl dyes having a hydroxybenzal moiety and at least one carboxy or carbamoyl group on the pyrazolone ring or symmetrical monomethine oxonols of pyrazolone.
  • a yellow non-diffusing merostyryl dye (I) or a monomethine oxonol dye (II) as disclosed in EP-A 0 252 550, without however being limited thereto.
  • Said dyes may be added to the antihalation coating composition in form of a gelatinous dispersion, a colloidal silica dispersion or a (gelatinous or colloidal silica) solid particle dispersion, as disclosed e.g. in EP-A 0 569 074.
  • said motion picture projection color print film material comprises a transparent film support and coated thereon in succession, a blue-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer comprising a yellow-forming coupler, a red-sensitized silver halide emulsion layer comprising a cyan-forming coupler, an intermediate layer, a green-sensitized silver halide emulsion layer comprising a magenta-forming coupler, and an antistress layer, wherein between said support and said blue-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer a yellow antihalation undercoat is provided, which comprises at least one yellow non-diffusing dye that absorbs blue light and is removable and/or decolorizable in a processing bath.
  • said at least one dye is preferably chosen from the group consisting of a merostyryl dye and a monomethine oxonol dye, preferably being a (symmetrical) monomethine oxonol, and even more preferably a pyrazolone-type monomethine oxonol dye, whereas preferred merostyryl dyes are of the pyrazolone-5-type, having a hydroxybenzal moiety and at least one carboxy or carbamoyl group on the pyrazolone ring.
  • said color print film material has, between said blue-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer and said red-sensitized silver halide emulsion layer, a bluish antihalation intermediate layer, which comprises at least one blue non-diffusing dye that absorbs red light and is removable and/or decolorizable in a processing bath.
  • Said at least one blue non-diffusing dye is at least one pentamethine oxonol-type barbituric acid derivative dye, without however being limited thereto.
  • Preferred pentamethine oxonols of the barbituric acid type preferably have at least one halogen atom, hydroxy, alkyl, alkoxy, carboxy,carbamoyl, sulphamoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, alkoxysulphonyl, aryloxysulphonyl, and heterocyclylsulphonyl, e.g. o-sulphamoyl-phenyl, p-methoxyphenyl, and 3-hydroxy-4-carboxyphenyl groups.
  • the antihalation undercoat of said material or element comprises a high temperature boiling solvent.
  • said color print film material has a high temperature boiling solvent, which is present in a total amount of from 0.1 g/m 2 up to not more than 0.5 g/m 2 .
  • Antihalation dyes as mentioned hereinbefore can also be present in the backing layer arrangement, and more particularly in the layer between subbing layer and topcoat layer, present as backing layer comprising the lubricant, providing the desired friction coefficient before and after processing, the value of which remains within a range between 0.20 and 0.30 when measured versus stainless steel as set forth hereinbefore.
  • same antihalation dye layers may be provided as has been described e.g. in EP-A 0 582 000 or, in the alternative, in a film wherein use is made of only one cyan-colored filter dye containing layer as in US-A 5,723,272.
  • Other antihalation dyes suitable for use in color print materials are those given hereinafter, which can moreover advantageously be used e.g.
  • an antihalation layer may be provided, e.g. containing more than one dye, as a yellow pigment, a blue pigment, a red dye and/or a mixture of at least two of those dyes or pigments.
  • the color print film material as well as for the black-and-white sound recording silver halide photographic film element comprises on the light-sensitive side of a transparent polyester support an electrically conductive subbing layer, an antihalation undercoat, a light-sensitive multilayer arrangement or single emulsion layer respectively, and a protective overcoat; and on a backing layer side opposite thereto, in order, a subbing layer containing a lubricant and a topcoat layer, characterized in that on the light-sensitive side of said element said subbing layer comprises an antistatic agent providing a substantially unchanged electrical resistivity of the said element before and after processing of said material, and wherein said antihalation undercoat optionally comprises a high temperature boiling solvent; whereas on the backing layer side a friction coefficient of the backing layer versus stainless steel remains unchanged in the range between 0.20 and 0.30 before and after processing of said material, even
  • the subbing layer at the light-sensitive side has, as an antistatic agent providing an unchanged electrical resistivity of this subbing layer before and after processing of said material, a polythiophene compound, incorporated in said subbing layer(s) or in the alternative, a metal oxide compound, said metal being selected from the group consisting of tin, indium tin, vanadium, zinc, manganese, titan, indium, silicium, magnesium, barium, molybdene and tungsten, whether or not combined with the said polythiophene compound.
  • said electrical resistivity is between 1 x 10 5 and 1 x 10 12 ⁇ / ⁇ , measured as described in Research Disclosure June 1992, item 33840 for said subbing layer, as layer having the lowest resistance.
  • said lubricant is present in at least the subbing layer of the non-light-sensitive backing layer and is a compound selected from the group consisting of carnaubawax, montanwax, polyethylene, a fluorinated polymer,a silicon polymer, higher alcohol esters of fatty acids, higher fatty acid calcium salts, metal stearates, water dispersible siloxane-containing polyurethane formed from prepolymer containing anionic and non-anionic hydrophilic groups, and paraffins.
  • said topcoat layer of the non-light-sensitive backing layer comprises polystyrene sulfonic acid in an amount of from 20 up to 50 mg/m 2 .
  • said color print film comprises a transparent film support and coated thereon in succession, a blue-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer comprising a yellow-forming coupler, a red-sensitized silver halide emulsion layer comprising a cyan-forming coupler, an intermediate layer, a green-sensitized silver halide emulsion layer comprising a magenta-forming coupler, and an antistress layer, wherein between said support and said blue-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer a yellow antihalation undercoat is provided, which comprises at least one yellow non-diffusing dye that absorbs blue light and is removable and/or decolorizable in a processing bath and between said blue-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer and said red-sensitized silver halide emulsion layer a bluish antihalation intermediate layer is provided, which comprises at least one blue non-diffusing dye that absorbs red light and is removable and/or decolorizable in
  • the ST-9® Sound Recording Film As a silver halide black-and-white sound recording film, sensitized in the green and in the red wavelength range of the visible light spectrum, the ST-9® Sound Recording Film, trademarked product from Agfa-Gevaert N.V., Mortsel, Belgium, was taken.
  • the ST-9 black-and-white sound recording film was processed in a FP 500 COPEX® processing machine, trademarked product from Agfa-Gevaert, Mortsel, Belgium, filled with G3231® as developer, and G3343® as fixer, both trademarked products from Agfa-Gevaert N.V., Mortsel, Belgium.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Projection-Type Copiers In General (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Méthode de traitement pour un élément de film d'enregistrement sonore noir et blanc à effet négatif aux halogénures d'argent exposé, comprenant des grains d'halogénures d'argent cubiques monodispersés riches en bromure d'argent avec une granularité moyenne inférieure à 0,35 µm et un coefficient de variation de la granularité inférieur à 40%, lesdits grains ayant été soumis à une sensibilisation panchromatique sur un intervalle de longueur d'onde de 400 nm à 750 nm, ladite méthode de traitement comportant les étapes consistant à traiter ledit élément d'enregistrement sonore dans un appareil de traitement procurant la possibilité de traitement en pleine lumière, ladite méthode de traitement comportant les étapes consistant à développer dans un révélateur dans un laps de temps inférieur à 20 s, fixer dans un fixateur, rincer et sécher.
  2. Méthode selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que lesdits grains d'halogénures d'argent cubiques monodispersés riches en bromure d'argent présentent une composition au bromoiodure d'argent, dans laquelle une granularité moyenne est inférieure à 0,30 µm et ledit coefficient de variation de la granularité ne dépasse pas 30 %.
  3. Méthode selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que lesdits grains d'halogénures d'argent cubiques monodispersés riches en bromure d'argent présentent une composition au bromoiodure d'argent avec une teneur en iodure d'argent dans la plage de 0 mole % à 3 moles %, dans laquelle une granularité moyenne se situe dans la plage de 0,22 à 0,28 µm et ledit coefficient de variation de la granularité se situe dans la plage de 15 à 25 %.
  4. Méthode selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce que le recouvrement en halogénure d'argent desdits grains d'halogénures d'argent cubiques monodispersés, exprimé en quantité équivalente de nitrate d'argent, se situe dans la plage de 4,0 à 6,0 g/m2.
  5. Méthode selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisée en ce que lesdites étapes de traitement sont suivies d'une étape consistant à contrôler la densimétrie noir et blanc.
  6. Utilisation d'une machine de traitement automatique afin d'effectuer le traitement d'un élément de film d'enregistrement sonore noir et blanc à effet négatif aux halogénures d'argent exposé conformément à la méthode telle que définie dans l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5.
  7. Machine de traitement automatique munie d'un densimètre afin d'effectuer toutes les étapes conformément à la méthode telle que définie dans la revendication 5.
  8. Méthode pour former une image de piste sonore dans une pellicule cinématographique de tirage, ladite méthode comportant les étapes consistant à enregistrer une piste sonore négative sur un matériau pelliculaire d'enregistrement sonore aux halogénures d'argent traité conformément à la méthode telle que définie dans l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, et à tirer ladite piste sonore sur une pellicule cinématographique de tirage à effet négatif en exposant la pellicule cinématographique de tirage à travers la piste sonore négative et en traitant la pellicule de tirage exposée.
  9. Méthode pour enregistrer et traiter des photogrammes provenant d'un film négatif d'enregistrement couleur exposé et traité et d'une ou de plusieurs pistes sonores optiques provenant d'un élément de film d'enregistrement sonore noir et blanc à effet négatif aux halogénures d'argent, traité, après avoir été exposé, conformément à la méthode selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, sur une pellicule cinématographique de tirage couleur comprenant un support revêtu de couches de formation de colorant d'émulsion aux halogénures d'argent sensibles à la lumière bleue, verte et rouge et une ou plusieurs couches antihalo, et pour lire la ou les pistes sonores optiques, ladite méthode comportant les étapes consistant à :
    - enregistrer et traiter des photogrammes et une piste sonore optique sur un matériau pelliculaire de tirage couleur par l'exposition en forme d'image desdites couches d'émulsion conformément à des photogrammes souhaités,
    - exposer l'une desdites couches d'émulsion aux halogénures d'argent sensibles à la lumière bleue, verte ou rouge conformément à une piste sonore analogique et/ou numérique, et traiter la pellicule exposée afin de produire des images de colorant correspondantes dans les photogrammes exposés outre une ou plusieurs pistes sonores analogiques et/ou numériques; ladite ou lesdites pistes sonores étant enregistrées et développées dans une seule couche d'émulsion photosensible de formation de colorant de la pellicule de tirage, et ladite pellicule étant traitée afin de produire une ou plusieurs pistes sonores analogiques et/ou numériques formées uniquement de colorant, exemptes d'argent, la zone de la piste sonore de la pellicule n'étant pas soumise à un traitement spécialisé par rapport à la zone du photogramme, et lire la piste sonore formée uniquement de colorant en utilisant une source lumineuse à bande étroite dont la longueur d'onde correspond à la longueur d'onde de l'absorbance de crête du colorant de la piste sonore.
  10. Méthode selon la revendication 9, caractérisée en ce que ladite pellicule de tirage couleur comprend un support transparent et, appliquées sur celui-ci dans l'ordre indiqué, une couche d'émulsion aux halogénures d'argent sensible au bleu renfermant un copulant chromogène formateur de jaune, une couche d'émulsion aux halogénures d'argent sensibilisée au rouge renfermant un copulant chromogène formateur de bleu-vert, une couche intermédiaire, une couche d'émulsion aux halogénures d'argent sensibilisée au vert renfermant un copulant chromogène formateur de magenta, et une couche protectrice, une couche préliminaire antihalo jaune avec au moins un colorant antimigratoire jaune qui absorbe la lumière bleue et qui se laisse éliminer et/ou se décolore dans un bain de traitement, étant disposée entre ledit support et ladite couche d'émulsion aux halogénures d'argent sensible au bleu, et une couche antihalo intermédiaire bleuâtre avec au moins un colorant antimigratoire bleu qui absorbe la lumière rouge et qui se laisse éliminer et/ou se décolore dans un bain de traitement, étant disposée entre ladite couche d'émulsion aux halogénures d'argent sensible au bleu et ladite couche d'émulsion aux halogénures d'argent sensibilisée au rouge.
EP03100081A 2002-01-23 2003-01-17 Méthode de traitement d'un matériau photographique négatif noir et blanc pour enregistrer une bande sonore cinématographique Expired - Lifetime EP1331515B1 (fr)

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EP03100081A EP1331515B1 (fr) 2002-01-23 2003-01-17 Méthode de traitement d'un matériau photographique négatif noir et blanc pour enregistrer une bande sonore cinématographique

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US5198327A (en) * 1987-04-16 1993-03-30 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Method of formation of photographic images
JP2934997B2 (ja) * 1993-01-21 1999-08-16 コニカ株式会社 黒白ハロゲン化銀写真感光材料の処理方法
BE1007901A3 (nl) * 1993-12-22 1995-11-14 Agfa Gevaert Nv Werkwijze voor het processen van een zwart-wit zilverhalogenide fotografisch materiaal met spectraalgesensibiliseerde emulsies.
US5955255A (en) * 1995-10-20 1999-09-21 Eastman Kodak Company Sound recording film
US5952163A (en) * 1998-01-14 1999-09-14 Eastman Kodak Company Direct dental X-ray films adapted for room light handling
DE10017849A1 (de) * 1999-04-16 2000-11-23 Eastman Kodak Co Tonaufzeichnungs-Film

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