Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
  • F23B30/00—Combustion apparatus with driven means for agitating the burning fuel; Combustion apparatus with driven means for advancing the burning fuel through the combustion chamber
  • F23B30/02—Combustion apparatus with driven means for agitating the burning fuel; Combustion apparatus with driven means for advancing the burning fuel through the combustion chamber with movable, e.g. vibratable, fuel-supporting surfaces; with fuel-supporting surfaces that have movable parts
  • F23B30/04—Combustion apparatus with driven means for agitating the burning fuel; Combustion apparatus with driven means for advancing the burning fuel through the combustion chamber with movable, e.g. vibratable, fuel-supporting surfaces; with fuel-supporting surfaces that have movable parts with fuel-supporting surfaces that are rotatable around a horizontal or inclined axis and support the fuel on their inside, e.g. cylindrical grates
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
  • F23B10/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
  • F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
  • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
  • F23N1/02—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
  • F23N1/022—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply using electronic means
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
  • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
  • F23N5/003—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to combustion gas properties
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G2203/00—Furnace arrangements
  • F23G2203/20—Rotary drum furnace
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G2203/00—Furnace arrangements
  • F23G2203/80—Furnaces with other means for moving the waste through the combustion zone
  • F23G2203/801—Furnaces with other means for moving the waste through the combustion zone using conveyors
  • F23G2203/8013—Screw conveyors
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G2205/00—Waste feed arrangements
  • F23G2205/12—Waste feed arrangements using conveyors
  • F23G2205/121—Screw conveyor
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G2207/00—Control
  • F23G2207/20—Waste supply
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
  • F23N2221/00—Pretreatment or prehandling
  • F23N2221/02—Pretreatment or prehandling using belt conveyors
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
  • F23N2233/00—Ventilators
  • F23N2233/06—Ventilators at the air intake
  • F23N2233/08—Ventilators at the air intake with variable speed
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
  • F23N2239/00—Fuels
  • F23N2239/02—Solid fuels
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
  • F23N2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for controlling combustion
  • F23N2900/05002—Measuring CO2 content in flue gas
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
  • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
  • F23N5/003—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to combustion gas properties
  • F23N5/006—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to combustion gas properties the detector being sensitive to oxygen

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for automatized combustion of solid fuel in a combustion apparatus which comprises a burner, which is connected to a boiler and has a feeding-in opening for fuel and an outlet opening which opens in a combustion chamber inside the boiler, which comprises a convection unit and a flue gas pipe for waste flue gases containing CO 2 and not combusted O 2 , the combustion apparatus comprising a device for feeding combustion air into the burner, and a fuel charge feeder for fuel provided to be driven by a motor, here called fuel charge feeding motor, the operation of the fuel charge feeding motor being regulated by commands from a control unit in dependency on measured values transmitted to the control unit and in dependency of the heat power the burner shall generate, and a measuring device arranged for measuring the content of CO 2 and/or O 2 in the flue gases.
• Solid fuels have a number of significant advantages before fuel oil; they are generally cheaper, they are available in large amounts, and they take part in a natural circulation and do not cause pollution load on the environment in spite of their emission of carbon dioxide, since they are based on wood or other renewable bio-products. Nevertheless, solid fuels are used to a comparatively small degree in the modern society. The main reason for this condition probably is that it is easy to automatize combustion of fuel oil but comparatively difficult to automatize combustion of solid fuel, and it is particularly difficult to automatize solid fuel combustion in order to provide an efficient combustion at all power levels without emission of products with the fuel gases which are harmful to the environment.
• WO99/28678 is shown a combustion apparatus for solid fuel that in an efficient way solves much of the complex of problems concerning automatic control.
• difficulties of control may, during certain circumstances, lead to undesired maintenance and/or undesired complexity regarding control programs and/or included equipment.
• the background is that the demands put forward nowadays on a combustion apparatus for solid fuel, mean that qualities are expected that when it comes to emissions respond to the best combustion apparatus for fuel oil.
• a specific problem connected to solid fuel, that does not exist concerning combustion apparatus for fuel oil, is the difference in quality between different deliveries, and also in the same delivery.
• solid fuel varies in weight by unit of volume, density and size between different shipments, but sometimes also in the same shipment.
• the supervision staff In connection with combustion apparatus for solid fuel, it has turned out that the supervision staff, to be on the safe side, often lowers the setting of the fuel, making it never possible for variations in fuel quality to cause saturation. Instead, a higher surplus of air and by that a lower rate of efficiency is accepted. Accordingly, the reason for this being the case is the constantly varying weight by unit of volume of the solid fuel, combined with difficulties to be able to optimize the rate of efficiency safely.
• the difficulty in optimizing is due to the long time delay between the combustion and the possibility to be able to establish change of the rates in the flue gases, i.e. long time passes from the point where new fuel starts to combust until the point where the flue gases from this new fuel may be measured and analysed.
• the air supply is provided for by means of a fan driven by a motor keeping its rotation rate at a constant level during said regulation of the flue gas contents; - a larger change of the operation time of the fuel charge feeding motor is made if the residual oxygen content is above the set value;
• a certain time interval is aloud to pass, before a possible additional regulation is performed, in order to await a necessary time delay with the purpose of seeing the power of the latest performed change, the time interval being preferably between 30 s and 5 min, more preferred over 1 min, the regulation change of the length of pulses of the fuel charge feeding motor being at least twice greater at an adjustment downwards than at an adjustment upwards;
• the greater part of the motors included in the combustion apparatus preferably a stirring motor, an fan motor and a fuel charge feeding motor are rotated according to a number of different programs, corresponding to the same number of different power levels, which are divided between a lowest power level for keep-alive combustion and a top power level, the temperature of the hot water in the hot water conduit preferably being transmitted to a control unit for automatic choosing of power level; and - that the fuel charge feeder by means of the fuel charge feeding motor delivers the fuel in the form of charges to the feeding-in device operating in a more continuous
• Fig. 1 illustrates, partly schematically, the automatized combustion apparatus according to the invention
• Fig. 2 shows a preferred movement pattern of a fuel charge feeding device suitable to be used with the invention
• Fig. 3 shows an power/power mode graph of a control program suitable to be used with the invention
• Fig. 4 shows a preferred embodiment of power optimization according to the invention.
• Fig. 5 shows the same as Fig. 4 but in different circumstances.
• a combustion apparatus which may well be adapted to operate according to the invention.
• the main units of the combustion apparatus consist of a burner assembly 100, a fuel charge feeder assembly 200, and a control unit 300.
• the burner assembly 100 is connected to a schematically shown boiler 400, which may be of a conventional kind.
• a combustion chamber 401 connected to a convection part 402.
• conduits 403 for hot water To the convection part 402 there is connected conduits 403 for hot water, and a flue gas pipe 407 for removal of the combustion gases/flue gases.
• a measuring device 408 meant to transmit the content of residual oxygen in the combustion gases to the control unit 300.
• this measuring device 408 is constituted by a lambda-probe.
• the hot water conduit 403 there is a temperature sensor that transmits the temperature of the hot water to the control unit 300.
• a solid fuel burner 1 which according to the shown, preferred embodiment is circular-cylindrical and is rotatable about a slightly inclined axis of rotation. It has an outer flange 24 for mounting the whole burner assembly 100 on a boiler door of the schematically shown boiler 400, such that an opening 3 for the combustion gases in the front end of the burner will mouth in the combustion chamber 401 of the boiler.
• the interior of the burner forms a main or primary combustion chamber 13 and an after- or secondary combustion chamber 14.
• a fan 27 for combustion air a fan motor 22, in this text also called second motor, for rotation of the fan 27 (as an alternative, two or more fans with accompanying motors can be provided, including one fan with its motor for blowing primary combustion air into the main or primary combustion chamber 13 and another fan with its motor for blowing secondary combustion air into the after- or secondary combustion chamber 14), a coreless feeding- in screw 40 in a fuel feeding-in tube 18 for a particle shaped solid fuel, a feeding-in motor 41, in this text also called fourth motor, for rotation of the feeding-in screw 40, a stirring motor 34, in this text also called first motor, for rotation of the reactor drum 1 about the inclined axis 2 of rotation, and the lower part of a down-pipe 42 for the fuel.
• the sloping angle of the reactor drum 1 to the horizontal plane, with the reactor drum's front opening 3 for combustion gas directed obliquely upwards, amounts to ca 8-15° depending on size, the sloping angle being reduced as the size increases
• the rear end wall of the reactor drum 1 is double- walled, as is the main part of its cylindrical part.
• the space between the inner 65, 66 and the outer walls is denoted 54.
• the inner walls 65, 66 are provided with holes 55 in the cylindrical part as well as in the rear end part for the introduction of combustion air into the main burner chamber 13.
• the holes in the inner cylindrical wall 66 are more dense in the rear part of the primary combustion chamber 13 and somewhat more sparsely distributed in the front part.
• the intermediate space 54 is divided into channels through longitudinal, radially directed, lamella-shaped partition walls in the cylindrical part of the reactor drum, and in the rear end of the drum there are partition walls which form between themselves circular sector-shaped channels for combustion air.
• the partition walls in the rear part are connected to those in the cylindrical part so that each circular sector-shaped channel in the end wall communicates with a longitudinal channel in the cylindrical part but only with one and not with any more such longitudinal channel.
• the air streams through these channels can be regulated by means of valve members which are not shown, causing the combustion air in the first place or substantially to be guided into the lower, rear parts of the combustion chamber, which are located beneath an interior, smaller drum 60 in the rear part of the reactor drum 1, as will be described more in detail in the following.
• the combustion air thus in the first place or substantially is introduced into those parts of the main combustion chamber 13 where the fuel is collected during the combustion.
• two or more fans can be provided, which transport air to the primary combustion- and to the secondary combustion chamber, respectively, as has been mentioned above. This can be particularly advantageous for burners for high powers, i.e. in the order of size of 1 MW or more.
• the rear, inner wall 65 of the drum 1 and particularly the rear part of the cylindrical inner wall 65 of the drum 1 constitutes the fire grate of the burner 1.
• the drum with its inner walls forms a rotatable device for stirring the fuel in the burner.
• activators 56 are provided on the inside of the reactor drum 1, said activators extending all the way back to the end wall 65 and follow the rotation of the reactor drum 1.
• the inner, smaller drum 60 is cylindrical and has a perforated jacket.
• the drum consists of a sheet metal drum with holes in the jacket, but a net drum is also conceivable.
• the holes in the jacket are designated 61. These are so small - the diameter or greatest extension amounts to 10 mm maximum, preferably 8 mm maximum - that the fuel particles can not pass through them to any considerable degree.
• the drum 60 is completely open. This opening is designated 62.
• the drum 60 is co-axial with the reactor drum 1 and surrounds a central feed opening 63, which forms the mouth of the feeding-in tube 18 for the fuel, which is fed in by the feeding-in screw 40.
• the diameter of the drum 60 is somewhat larger than the opening 63.
• the rear end wall 65 of the reactor drum 1 has no inlet openings for combustion air.
• the drum 60 is welded to the rear end wall of the reactor drum 1.
• the fuel feeding-in tube 18 is surrounded by a concentric, tubular driving shaft 19, which at the same time serves as an air injection pipe.
• longitudinal, radially directed partition walls extending between the tube 18 and the shaft 19, so that longitudinal channels are defined between said walls in the same way as the channels between the walls in the cylindrical part of the drum 1.
• Each partition wall in the space 20 thus is connected with one and only one partition wall in the space 54.
• the combustion air is drawn in by the fan 27 through an air intake 27A and is pushed via air conduits 51 and via the not shown valve system (a throttle) into the air injection pipe/shaft 19, and from the interior 20 thereof, further on into the channels in the intermediate space 54 and finally through the holes 55 into the combustion chamber 13.
• the drum 1, and the feeding-in screw 40 For the driving of the fan 27, the drum 1, and the feeding-in screw 40 by the fan motor 22, the stirring motor 34, and the feeding-in motor 41, respectively, there are provided transmissions (not shown), which, however, in a conventional mode may consist of axles, chains, belts, or other conventional elements.
• the feeding-in screw 40 is arranged to be rotated by the feeding-in motor in a direction opposite to that of the drum 1.
• a level guard 70 is located in the down- pipe 42 to transmit a signal to the control unit 300, if the amount of fuel in the lower part of the down-pipe would rise up to the level guard 70, so that further transportation of fuel to the down-pipe 42 is stopped. According to the embodiment, this volume amounts only to 3 litres.
• a temperature guard 71 which is provided to transmit a signal to the control unit 300, if the temperature would rise to a certain, set temperature, so that the burner is emergency stopped, which implies that the feeding-in of fuel and of combustion air to the burner is stopped as well as the rotation of the drum.
• a section 72 of the down-pipe consists of non-combustible plastic hose, which is melted off if the temperature in the down-pipe in said section nevertheless would exceed a certain temperature.
• the upper section 73 of the down-pipe is laterally displaced, so that any fuel will not fall down on the burner assembly, if the plastic section 70 would be melted off.
• the rotating drum 1, whether it contains an inner, smaller drum 60 or not, can be positioned completely horizontally.
• the drum should be made tapered, i.e. conically tapered, from the rear wall and forwards, so that the bottom of the drum will get approximately the same level of inclination as has been shown in the described embodiments, whereby the fuel also in this case will be collected on the bottom of the rear part of the drum, where the injection of primary air is concentrated.
• a bevelled transition e.g. a bevelled transition.
• a burner which is completely void of corners e.g. a burner with the substantial shape of an egg or pear cut off at both ends, in which the more pointed part is directed forwards towards the outlet opening, however, is a design which is most suitable from some points of view.
• the burner is double-walled with the intermediate space between the walls divided into channels, or otherwise provided with channels for combustion air from the air inlet pipe, which surrounds the central fuel feeding-in pipe, and further outwards and forwards.
• the fuel charge feeding assembly 200 is connected to a storage container 201 for particle shaped fuel 202, preferably pellets, via an external conveyer screw 203, which is rotatable in a conveyer tube 204 obliquely upwards by means of a fifth motor, here called external motor 205.
• a fifth motor here called external motor 205.
• a fuel charge feeding tube 210 which slopes upwards, has a rear inlet opening for fuel from the transitory storage 208.
• a fuel charge feeding screw 212 which is rotatable with variable frequency, particularly intermittently rotatable, by means of a fuel charge feeding motor 211.
• the tube 210 in its upper end terminates in the upper feeding-in end of the down-pipe 42, where a smoke-detector 213 is located and provided to transmit a signal to the control unit 300 in case of smoke in the down-pipe 42 in order to stop all motors in the combustion apparatus.
• a temperature guard 217 is located in the upper part of, or above, the down-pipe 42.
• the temperature guard 217 If the temperature in the region of the temperature guard 217 would rise to a certain, set value, the temperature guard 217, which is not dependent on electric current, transmits a command directly to a non-current-depending valve, so that water is supplied to a sprinkler 214 at top of the down-pipe 42 for water-soaking of the overheated region.
• the principles for the mode of operation of the shown combustion apparatus are based on the control unit being provided to be set at a number of fixed power levels; according to the embodiment at eight power levels.
• the invention's principle of employing a number of fixed power levels significantly facilitates the trimming of the apparatus.
• power level shall be understood that the burner 1 at each power level shall generate a certain heating power, which can be utilized in the convection unit 402 of the boiler 400 for heating the water in the boiler 400.
• the maximum power of the burner is 100 kW, which corresponds to power level E8, see Fig. 3.
• Power level El is a keep-alive level, at which the burner generates 2 kW.
• the burner 1 shall generate 10, 25, 40, 55, 70, and 85 kW, respectively, through control by the control unit 300.
• the temperature of the water in a hot water conduit 403 is suitably measured by means of a resistive type thermometer 404, which transmits an analogue signal with a magnitude in relation to the temperature.
• the measure signal is transmitted via an analogue-digital-converter 405, Fig. 5, to a main-CPU 308 (Computer Processing Unit, i.e. a microprocessor or a so called PROM) in the control unit 300.
• the basic principle is that the generated power of the burner 1 is changed to a higher power level, e.g.
• Fig. 2 is shown schematically the intermittent movement patterns of the burner and the fuel charge feeding screw 212, respectively.
• the fan motor 22 and other motors are rotating in connection with steady-state with speeds that are adapted to each other in such a way that the amount per time unit of combustion air blown in, corresponds to the amount per time unit of fuel charged to achieve optimal combustion.
• Combustion air is thereby drawn in through the intake 27A and is blown via the conduit 51 in through the openings 55 in the walls 65, 55 of the fire grate/burner 1.
• the burner 1 is rotated intermittently in 1 s pulses alternating with 3 s periods of rest.
• the fuel charge feeding screw 212 feeds fuel charges intermittently during 5 s pulses alternating with 40 s periods of rest, when the fuel charge feeding screw does not move.
• the fuel charge feeding screw 212 fetches the pellets from the transitory storage 208 which always in kept filled by means of the external screw 203 and its motor 205, which starts operating as soon as the fuel level in the transitory storage 208 has dropped below a certain level, which is registered by a level indicator 215 which is located there and which via the control unit 300 stops the external motor 205.
• the levelling out power is magnified by the fact that the screw 40 does not have any core.
• the pellets are preheated before the fuel leaves the drum/basket 60 through its opening 62 so that it in the form of flow, which has been still more levelled out in the drum basket 60, falls down on the inclined bottom/grate defined by the inner, perforated jacket 66 of the burner/drum 1.
• the burner will generate 10 kW in power level E2 shortly after change of power level according to the example.
• a shift to power level E3 automatically is performed to increase the output power after a period of time, which also is set in the control program.
• the burner 1 rotates continuously at a certain controlled speed.
• the charging of pellets by means of the fuel charge feeding screw 212 in the fuel charge unit 200 is increased and in proportion thereto also the amount of combustion air that is blown in by the fan 27 per unit of time so that the burner 1 in each power level will generate the intended power.
• the fuel charge feeding screw 212 is still being rotated intermittently but with shorter and shorter breaks between the fuel charging pulses at each higher power level.
• the feeding-in screw 40 at all the power levels E3-E8 goes on rotating continuously at a constant speed in order to provide the desired even in- flow of pellets into the burner.
• the power escalating procedure proceeds by shifting level E3 to level E4, then to level E5 etc., wherein each level has a duration which is pre-set in the program, e.g. 2 minutes.
• This stepwise escalation of generated power from the burner proceeds until the pre-set temperature of the water in the hot water conduit 42 is achieved, e.g. 80°C. If this occurs e.g.
• This after-blow-period is programmed in the computer in the control unit 300 to eliminate the risk of pyrolytic gases (risk of explosion) appearing, which thus can happen if an insufficient amount of oxygen is added .
• the rotational rate of the fan 27 is reduced to the normal rotational rate for power level E6.
• the burner now proceeds to work on power level E6 according to the pre-set program. This goes on as long as the temperature is maintained on 80 +2°C. During normal conditions, when the changes as far as environmental temperature the consumption of hot water, etc. are concerned, are not significant, the temperature gradually will drop to 78°C.
• the measuring device 408 in the flue gas pipe 407 should transmit that the residual oxygen content not is within a preset value, e.g. transmits that the residual oxygen content (e.g. through measuring the CO 2 content) is too high, this will be transmitted to the control unit 300, the processor 308 making sure that an automatic regulation, according to the invention, will be performed with the purpose to reestablish optimal residual oxygen content and by that optimal efficiency of the combustion.
• a preset value e.g. transmits that the residual oxygen content (e.g. through measuring the CO 2 content) is too high
• the control unit 300 the processor 308 making sure that an automatic regulation, according to the invention, will be performed with the purpose to reestablish optimal residual oxygen content and by that optimal efficiency of the combustion.
• the apparatus should be set to use maximum 20 of the 21 parts of oxygen supplied.
• the pulse for fuel feeding-in will be increased to compensate a reduction of CO 2 -content (increased residual oxygen content) measured by the measuring device 408.
• the increase of the feeding-in time will be performed with relatively small regulation steps.
• the increase is performed with steps of maximally 10 %, more preferred, an increase of ca 2-6 %, in this case meaning an increase of the operating time for the fuel charge feeding screw 211, of between 0.1 and 0.3 s.
• this set value is an interval, which, considering the residual oxygen content, preferably is 4 % - 9 %.
• Certain burners, with large scope of power, may well be adjusted at different set values within different power intervals, e.g. a first set value (e.g. maximally 6 %) for the lower power ranges (2-30 of Pmax), a somewhat lower set value (i.e. 5 %) at the intermediate power ranges (30-60 % of Pmax) and an even lower set value (e.g. 4 %) for the highest power levels.
• Fig. 5 is shown a reversed situation compared with what is shown in Fig. 4. Namely, there is shown a situation where a new charge of fuel has been fed having a higher combustion value than the previously fed combustion charges. That emanates is a higher amount of oxygen being used than in the previous charge leading to a higher content of CO 2 in the flue gases. As a consequence of this, the measuring device 408 (when the flue gases have reached it) will signal that the content of CO 2 is too high, i.e. the residual content of oxygen is too low. Since such an erroneous situation means a possible risk of explosion, the regulating system should be designed to perform a larger change of regulation in this situation.
• the control unit 300 When such a measure situation is transmitted, the control unit 300 will, as shown in Fig. 5, automatically reduce the operating time of the fuel charge feeding screw 211 with ca 15 %, i.e. in this case a reduction of the operating time with ca 0.8 s. As a result of this, in most cases, the amount of residual oxygen will increase drastically, since a large surplus of oxygen then is at hand. In connection to the next preset measuring, after ca 2 min, normally it will be seen that the residual oxygen level is above the interval of the set value, i.e. CO 2 is beneath the interval. Thus, the automatics will slowly compensate the residual oxygen value upwards, according to what is shown in Fig. 4, until again being within the set value. It is realized that during this adjustment of the residual oxygen content, suitably, the automatics is locked regarding power levels at one and the same power level, the control unit keeping the other values at one and the same level.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
• Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
• Feeding And Controlling Fuel (AREA)
• Gas Burners (AREA)

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• 2000
  • 2000-10-06 SE SE0003600A patent/SE517399C2/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
• 2001
  • 2001-10-05 AU AU2001292523A patent/AU2001292523A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2001-10-05 DK DK01972889T patent/DK1322893T3/da active
  • 2001-10-05 DE DE60110100T patent/DE60110100T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2001-10-05 EP EP01972889A patent/EP1322893B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2001-10-05 AT AT01972889T patent/ATE293231T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2001-10-05 WO PCT/SE2001/002159 patent/WO2002029326A1/fr active IP Right Grant

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