EP1319894A2 - Verfahren zum Verbrennen von Abfällen und Vorrichtung zum Behandeln der Abgase einer Abfallverbrennung - Google Patents
Verfahren zum Verbrennen von Abfällen und Vorrichtung zum Behandeln der Abgase einer Abfallverbrennung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1319894A2 EP1319894A2 EP02026518A EP02026518A EP1319894A2 EP 1319894 A2 EP1319894 A2 EP 1319894A2 EP 02026518 A EP02026518 A EP 02026518A EP 02026518 A EP02026518 A EP 02026518A EP 1319894 A2 EP1319894 A2 EP 1319894A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- exhaust gases
- dwell
- gas
- combustion exhaust
- combustion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/003—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes for supplying chemicals to fumes, e.g. using injection devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
- F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
- F23G5/16—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
- F23G7/10—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of field or garden waste or biomasses
- F23G7/105—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of field or garden waste or biomasses of wood waste
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/006—Layout of treatment plant
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
- F23J2215/10—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J2217/00—Intercepting solids
- F23J2217/10—Intercepting solids by filters
Definitions
- the invention has for its object to provide a method and an apparatus with those in the incineration of waste, especially wood waste, by the specified legal requirements, certain limit values can be met, without additional components of the type mentioned, such as activated carbon filters, gas scrubbers and Catalyst systems must be used.
- the combustion is carried out taking certain parameters into account.
- the first process step is characterized in that the O 2 content in the exhaust gas is below 4%, preferably between 2.5% and 3%. Due to the constantly fluctuating composition of combustible waste, especially wood waste, there is a corresponding fluctuation range in the O 2 content in the exhaust gas, even with the most careful regulation of the air supply, but the 02 content in the exhaust gas should always be below 4%.
- the resulting hot gases from the almost stoichiometric combustion are introduced into the waste heat boiler at a temperature which is between approximately 1100 ° C. and 1200 ° C., and remain there for a predetermined period of time in a separate high-temperature retention space to achieve the thermal decomposition of the chlorinated hydrocarbons (dioxin, furan, etc.) generated by the combustion of contaminated waste. You have to orientate yourself to the decomposition time required for the toughest substances contained in the waste.
- the substances to be decomposed are, in particular, carbon tetrachloride derivatives, such as carbon tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (TCDD). These occur during combustion with a fraction in the order of ppm, that is in the range of 10 -6 volume fractions.
- the 17th BlmSchV permits 0.1 ng / m 3 , i.e. 10 -13 parts by volume.
- the dwell time is predetermined as a function of the temperature of the hot gases by the following table: Temperature (° C) Dwell time (s) 1000 2.00 1100 0.60 1200 0.10 1300 0.02 1400 0.01 the dwell time is to be interpolated for a temperature which lies between the specified temperature values.
- the dwell time begins in a manner known from fluid mechanics with turbulent mixing of the hot gases.
- the fourth process step involves cooling the decomposed hot gases to one Temperature between 900 ° C and 1050 ° C. A temperature between is preferred 900 ° C and 1000 ° C.
- a reduction in the NO x content of mostly 500-800 mg / m 3 can be achieved in the fifth process step, so that the limit of the 17th BlmSchV given by the combustion of wood chipboard Falls below 200 mg / m 3 .
- the hot gases are known before the injection of the substances mentioned Way equalized in temperature and speed to the injected Make the most of the fabric.
- the sixth process step is followed by the injection and the mixing of the injected substance with the hot gases a second residence time in a required Space, with the time required for the denitrification reaction of at least 0.5 s, preferably 0.6 s, is made available. It is advantageous if the walls of this Dwell space are executed in heat-insulated form, so during the dwell of Exhaust gases prevent their temperature from dropping below the specified limits becomes. After denitrification, the hot gases still have a temperature of 900 ° C to 950 ° C.
- the hot gases cool to a temperature of 850 ° C to 950 ° C and enter the last boiler train (seventh Process step).
- the gases must be brought to a temperature at the latest before they cool down the hot gas should be dedusted from around 500 ° C because dust particles lie in a deeper layer Temperature range of condensation nuclei for the formation of secondary furans and dioxins could be.
- Flue tube bundles are advantageously used for this purpose, which are flowed through with mass flow densities of the hot gases of at least 3 kg / h.cm 2 , preferably 5-7 kg / h.cm 2 , the hot gas flow quantity in kg / h and the flow cross section in cm 2 being given above ,
- the 17th BlmSchV stipulates limit values for the contained dust, which can only be reached with exhaust gas filters, preferably fabric filters.
- exhaust gas filters preferably fabric filters.
- Such filters have a distinctly different function than in previous boiler systems.
- the almost stoichiometric combustion in the first process step is only possible if the hot gases are sufficiently free of strands, that is to say with turbulent mixing of the reactants. If this mixing takes place at the temperature level of the first process step, i.e. at temperatures of up to 1400 ° C or above, chlorine and fluorine are also converted quantitatively into HCl and HF and can be blown into the cooled hot gases before Ca (OH) 2 be separated from the fabric filter, where the Ca (OH) 2 forms the essential part of the filter cake.
- the cleaning intervals of the fabric filters are no longer 20-40 minutes, as was previously the case, but 1-3 days.
- the Ca (OH) 2 in the filter cake is optimally used in these 1-3 days and no longer has to be partially recirculated, as is common today. This in turn saves system and operating costs, which represents a further advantage of the invention.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows a firing cone 1 according to DE 198 17 122 A1 as a grate combustion system shown. This is the basis of the embodiment because it is compared the smallest excess air and therefore with previous rust or fluidized bed combustion the highest combustion temperatures allowed without slag problems.
- the firing cone 1 is dimensioned for an output of 8 MW. He is made up of grate bars and rotates slowly around an inclined axis. That in him Any fired material, for example waste wood, is circulated. In the case of fire of B2 wood, about 35% of the combustion air is fed as a downwind is blown under the fuel in the fuel cone.
- a mixing chamber 3 connects to the afterburning chamber 2. In it becomes the fact exploited that due to the rotating gases in their center a strong negative pressure there is an axial backflow of the gases in the mixing chamber 3 and thus in it creates an additional turbulent mixing, the entire flow cross-section detected, with the exception of a boundary layer close to the wall.
- annular constriction 4 is formed, which the flow cross section of the hot gases of a free diameter of im Example 1400 mm reduced to a free diameter of 1050 mm in the example.
- This ring-like constriction 4 namely creates a toroidal stall, which the gases contained in the boundary layer are effectively mixed with the other gases.
- the now completely mixed hot gases which can have a temperature of up to 1400 ° C, linger long enough to thermally decompose organic substances such as dioxins, furans, CO etc.
- a first pipe run 6 connects to the high-temperature dwell space 5. Be here the hot gases to the temperature required for denitration using urea Cooled 900 ° C to 1050 ° C.
- the first pipe pull 6 is preferably a smoke pipe pull trumpet-like inlets designed to stall and backflow avoid. This will be discussed later.
- the length of the pipes of the first Pipe pull 6 depends on the firing capacity of the fuel cone 1 and afterburner 2 existing incinerator. With decreasing firing capacity can these pipes are made shorter. If the combustion output is sufficiently low or the calorific value of the fuel is low, such as that of very damp wood, can be completely dispensed with the first pipe run 6.
- High-temperature dwell 5 and the first tube 6 are in a drum 15, which, if they serves the steam generation up to a high-temperature dwell 5 and the first Pipe 6 lying level is filled with water, as by a dashed level line is indicated, but can be completely filled with water for the production of hot water. Water supply and water or steam discharge lines are for reasons of clarity not shown.
- the first pipe run 6 opens into a homogenization chamber 7, the outlet of which is in turn constricted, which enables the prerequisite for the trouble-free injection of urea or ammonia water to reduce the NO x content of the exhaust gases.
- These additives are supplied by means of a nozzle 8.
- a second dwelling space 9 adjoins the homogenizing chamber 7, which is for a Dwell time of 0.6s is designed.
- the second dwelling space 9 is bricked up to a sufficient To ensure thermal insulation so that during the above-mentioned dwell time the temperature required for denitrification is not undercut and to avoid that urea or ammonia water drops with metallic boiler components in Can come into contact and cause their corrosion.
- the second dwell 9 is connected downstream to a superheater 10, which in some cases depending on the type of boiler, may be present or may also be missing, for example depending whether to generate wet steam or superheated steam. Then it closes an equalization room 11 to ensure that all hot gases in enter the subsequent second pipe run 12, have the same temperature.
- a superheater 10 which in some cases depending on the type of boiler, may be present or may also be missing, for example depending whether to generate wet steam or superheated steam. Then it closes an equalization room 11 to ensure that all hot gases in enter the subsequent second pipe run 12, have the same temperature.
- the equalization space 11 has, as FIG. 2, a cross section along the line A-A of Fig. 1 shows an approximately semicircular cross-section and is with a thermal insulation Provided lining and is downstream with the second pipe train already mentioned 12 connected.
- This has tube bundles made of tubes of different diameters, the inlet, as in the case of the tubes of the first tube 6, each in the manner of a trumpet is designed.
- the first section of the second pipe run has a total of 45 parallel tubes with an inner diameter of about 81mm in the example, where the inlet diameter at the beginning of the trumpet-like expansion is approximately 128.5 mm.
- the detail in area X is shown in FIG. 4.
- the second section of the second pipe run 12 also exists in the example shown of 45 tubes, but with an inner diameter of about 68 mm, which differs from one Entry diameter narrowed from about 108 mm.
- the corresponding entry area this second section of the second pipe run is shown as detail Y in FIG. 5.
- Fig. 1 The two aforementioned sections of the second pipe run are shown in Fig. 1, wherein the downstream end of the first section with the upstream end of the second Section are connected to each other via a deflection chamber 13.
- the downstream end of the second section of the second pipe run is via a connecting pipe 14 connected to a third section of the second pipe run, which consists of 200 parallel tubes with an inner diameter of about 40 mm each consists of a trumpet-like starting diameter of about 64 mm narrow, as the detail Z shown in FIG. 6 shows.
- the downstream end of the third section of the second pipe run 12 can with a conventional filter system (not shown).
- the trumpet-like tube inlets which are shown in the detailed drawings of FIGS. 4-6, are intended to avoid stalling. This is important so that the critical temperature range of the exhaust gases is passed quickly, in about 0.1s, to make the new formation more secondary To hinder furans and dioxins that run slowly and therefore take time. would namely, stalls produce vortices in which portions of the exhaust gases pass over linger for a sufficiently long time that such secondary furans and dioxins are formed.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
- Chimneys And Flues (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Temperatur (°C) | Verweilzeit (s) |
1000 | 2,00 |
1100 | 0,60 |
1200 | 0,10 |
1300 | 0,02 |
1400 | 0,01 |
- Fig.1
- einen erfindungsgemäßen Abhitzekessel, der die Abgase einer Brennkegelrostfeuerung aufnimmt,
- Fig. 2
- einen Schnitt längs der Linie A-A von Fig. 1,
- Fig. 3
- einen Schnitt entlang der Linie B-B von Fig. 1, und
- Fig. 4-6
- vergrößerte axiale Teilschnittdarstellungen der Eintrittsbereiche der Rohre aus den Rohrzügen der Bereiche X, Y und Z von Fig. 1.
Claims (15)
- Verfahren zum Verbrennen von Abfällen, insbesondere von Holzabfällen, und zum Behandeln der bei der Verbrennung entstehenden Abgase, umfassend die folgenden Schritte:a) Nahezu stöchiometrische Verbrennung des vorgenannten Brennstoffs derart, daß der O2-Gehalt im Abgas unter 4% liegt,b) Entstaubung der Verbrennungsabgase vor deren Abkühlung auf 450°C,c) Einleiten der heißen Verbrennungsabgase in einen ersten Verweilraum und Ausmischen darin, wobei die Verweilzeit der Verbrennungsabgase in Abhängigkeit von ihrer Temperatur wie folgt bestimmt wird:
Temperatur (°C) Verweilzeit (s) 1000 2,00 1100 0,60 1200 0,10 1300 0,02 1400 0,01 d) Abkühlen der Verbrennungsabgase auf eine Temperatur, die zwischen 900°C und 1050°C liegt,e) Eindüsen eines Entstickungsmittels in die Verbrennungsabgase,f) Einwirkenlassen des Entstickungsmittels auf die Verbrennungsabgase in einem zweiten Verweilraum für eine Zeitdauer von wenigstens 0,3s, undg) Durchleiten der Verbrennungsabgase durch einen Rohrzug mit einer Massenstromdichte von wenigstens 3kg/h·cm2. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die nahezu stöchiometrische Verbrennung derart ausgeführt wird, daß der O2-Gehalt im Abgas zwischen 2,5% und 3% liegt.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Verbrennungsabgase vor dem Einleiten in den ersten Verweilraum entstaubt werden.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Entstickungsmittel Harnstoff oder Ammoniakwasser verwendet wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Verweilzeit im zweiten Verweilraum etwa 0,5s beträgt.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man das Entstickungsmittel etwa 0,5s einwirken läßt.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Massenstromdichte im zweiten Rohrzug zwischen 5 und 10kg/h·cm2 beträgt.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im Anschluß an den Schritt e) den Verbrennungsgasen ein Absorbens für saure Gaskomponenten zugesetzt wird, das anschließend wieder aus dem Abgasstrom abgeschieden wird.
- Vorrichtung zum Behandeln der Abgase einer Verbrennung von Abfall, insbesondere von Holzabfall, enthalten:a) einen ersten Verweilraum (5) zur Aufnahme der heißen Verbrennungsabgase,b) einen sich an den Verweilraum (5) anschließenden ersten Rohrzug (6) zum Abkühlen der Verbrennungsabgase auf eine Temperatur zwischen 900°C und 1500°C,c) eine Vorrichtung (8) zum Eindüsen eines Entstickungsmittels in die Verbrennungsabgase, die stromabwärts des ersten Rohrzuges (6) angeordnet ist,d) einen zweiten Verweilraum (9), der stromabwärts der Eindüsungsvorrichtung (8) angeordnet ist, unde) einen sich an den zweiten Verweilraum (9) anschließenden zweiten Rohrzug (12) zum weiteren Abkühlen der Verbrennungsabgase.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Rohrzüge (6, 12) als Rauchrohrbündel ausgebildet sind.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 9 oder 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Rohrzüge (6, 12) trompetenartig ausgerundete Einläufe aufweisen und so bemessen sind, daß eine Massenstromdichte der Verbrennungsabgase von wenigstens 3 kg/h cm2 erzielt wird.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der zweite Verweilraum (9) mit wärmedämmenden Wänden versehen ist.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der zweite Verweilraum (9) auf seiner stromabwärtigen Seite mit einem Überhitzer (10) verbunden ist.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß stromaufwärts des ersten Verweilraums (5) eine kegelstumpfförmige Nachbrennkammer (2) angeordnet ist, die sich in Strömungsrichtung verengt und die am kleinsten Durchmesser eine Einrichtung zum Zuführen von Verbrennungsluft tangential in die Nachbrennkammer (2) aufweist.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im Strömungsweg der Verbrennungsabgase zwischen der Nachbrennkammer (2) und dem ersten Verweilraum (5) eine blendenartige Verengung (4) angeordnet ist, an der die Strömung unter Bildung eines Torus-ähnlichen Wirbels abreißt.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE2001160756 DE10160756A1 (de) | 2001-12-11 | 2001-12-11 | Verfahren zum Verbrennen von Abfällen und Vorrichtung zum Behandeln der Abgase einer Abfallverbrennung |
DE10160756 | 2001-12-11 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1319894A2 true EP1319894A2 (de) | 2003-06-18 |
EP1319894A3 EP1319894A3 (de) | 2003-11-26 |
EP1319894B1 EP1319894B1 (de) | 2007-03-21 |
Family
ID=7708763
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP20020026518 Expired - Lifetime EP1319894B1 (de) | 2001-12-11 | 2002-11-27 | Verfahren zum Verbrennen von Abfällen und Vorrichtung zum Behandeln der Abgase einer Abfallverbrennung |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1319894B1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE10160756A1 (de) |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4027040C1 (en) * | 1990-08-27 | 1991-12-12 | L. & C. Steinmueller Gmbh, 5270 Gummersbach, De | Non-catalytic removal of nitric oxide from waste gases - by injecting reducing agent into gases via nozzles |
EP0823266A1 (de) * | 1994-05-26 | 1998-02-11 | Metallgesellschaft Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Entsorgen von Schwelkoks und/oder Pyrolysestaub |
EP0952396A2 (de) * | 1998-04-17 | 1999-10-27 | Dr. Schoppe Technologie GmbH | Vorrichtung zum Verbrennen von stückigem Brenngut |
EP1081434A1 (de) * | 1999-08-30 | 2001-03-07 | Von Roll Umwelttechnik AG | Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung einer rotierenden Strömung |
-
2001
- 2001-12-11 DE DE2001160756 patent/DE10160756A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2002
- 2002-11-27 EP EP20020026518 patent/EP1319894B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-11-27 DE DE50209763T patent/DE50209763D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4027040C1 (en) * | 1990-08-27 | 1991-12-12 | L. & C. Steinmueller Gmbh, 5270 Gummersbach, De | Non-catalytic removal of nitric oxide from waste gases - by injecting reducing agent into gases via nozzles |
EP0823266A1 (de) * | 1994-05-26 | 1998-02-11 | Metallgesellschaft Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Entsorgen von Schwelkoks und/oder Pyrolysestaub |
EP0952396A2 (de) * | 1998-04-17 | 1999-10-27 | Dr. Schoppe Technologie GmbH | Vorrichtung zum Verbrennen von stückigem Brenngut |
EP1081434A1 (de) * | 1999-08-30 | 2001-03-07 | Von Roll Umwelttechnik AG | Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung einer rotierenden Strömung |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
ROMEY R ET AL: "RAUCHGASREINIGUNGSANLAGEN FUER BIOMASSEFEURERUNGEN" BWK BRENNSTOFF WARME KRAFT, VDI VERLAG GMBH. DUSSELDORF, DE, Bd. 53, Nr. 10, 2001, Seiten 510-511, XP001099800 ISSN: 0006-9612 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1319894A3 (de) | 2003-11-26 |
DE10160756A1 (de) | 2003-06-18 |
DE50209763D1 (de) | 2007-05-03 |
EP1319894B1 (de) | 2007-03-21 |
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