EP1319629B1 - Telescopic boom with lubricant supply - Google Patents

Abstract

The outrigger consists of telescopic sections (2, 3) one inside the other. There are lubricant distributors (10, 10a) in the head regions of the telescopic sections to supply lubricant to the sliding bearings (7, 7a). In the telescoped state, these lie in a cascade one behind the other. In this condition, lubricant can be passed from one section to another via a system of valves.

Description

The invention relates to a telescopic boom, in particular for a vehicle crane is suitable, with a base box and several telescopic telescopic shots according to the preamble of claim 1.

Telescopic boom of the generic type have been known for many years. she consist of a basic box in which one or more telescopic Telescopic shots are coaxially mounted one inside the other. The telescopic telescopic shots are often referred to as inner boxes. These are about plain bearings, which are in the Head area of the next larger inner box or of the basic box are arranged, sliding guided. A telescopic shot, the one in cross section The next smaller telescope shot is also taken as a full telescopic shot during the recording of the larger telescopic shot Telescopic shot is also referred to as a comprehensive telescopic section or inner box. To reduce the frictional forces during telescoping and to reduce the Wear it is also known for many years, plain bearings, for example in shape of plastic strips or plastic shells each on the inner wall of a comprehensive telescopic shot to install, these plastic bearings usually in the corner areas or curves of the individual shots of the Telescopic boom used hollow profiles are arranged. In the longitudinal direction of seen individual telescopic shots, the plastic bearings are preferably in Area of the head of the individual telescopic shots attached. An appropriate one Telescopic boom with Kunststoffglertiagern is for example from DE 196 53 502 A1 known. It is also known, the friction in the plain bearings thereby continues to reduce that a lubricant is supplied to the bearing surfaces. This can in particular be carried out by lubricant channels, which from the outside through the wall of the Telescopic jib and the respective bearing shell through to the plain bearing surface are guided. Performing a lubrication, which is usually done by hand has to be done, requires a considerable manual effort and therefore becomes multiple not done with the necessary regularity and care. It can to a lack of lubrication and increased frictional forces in the bearings come. This is not only disadvantageous in terms of telescoping the telescope Telescopic shots required Ausschubkräfte, but mainly attracts an increased Wear in the plain bearings after.

Object of the present invention is a generic telescopic boom to further develop that a reliable lubrication without large manual Effort is made possible. The required construction costs should be as low as possible.

This problem is solved by a telescopic boom with the in the characterizing Part of claim 1 specified characteristics. Due to the features of Dependent dependent claims can be this telescopic boom in an advantageous manner continue to shape.

The basic idea of the present invention can then be seen that the Lubricant supply for the various sliding bearing points of a telescopic boom via a single pressure line for the lubricant can be made, wherein complicated line connections by means of hoses or other flexible cables Instead, precautions are taken that a fluidic Connection between lubricant distributors, each in the header of the individual comprehensive telescopic shots are arranged to ensure each other when the Telescopic shots are in a telescoped state. This ensures that only the innermost of all not yet extended comprehensive Telescopic shots are subjected to the pressure of the lubricant, allowing for each comprehensive telescopic section ensures sufficient lubricant pressure can be.

To achieve this, the invention provides that, with the exception of the last one comprehensive telescope shot - in the head area of the telescopic shots outside at least one lubricant distributor is arranged, on the one hand via a first shut-off valve with a lubricant channel of the respective telescopic section on the other hand, via a fully telescoped state of the next smallest telescopic section (covered telescopic section) closed line coupling with the lubricant distributor of the encompassed Telescopic section is in fluid communication with respect to the lubricant. That's it first shut-off valve of a comprehensive telescope shot each in einteleskopierten Condition of the covered telescopic section closed and in telescoped Condition of the covered telescopic section opened. Furthermore, while the Line coupling between a comprehensive and a covered telescopic section opened by Austeleskopieren the respective included telescopic section. One Another essential feature of the present invention is then to see that the Lubricant distributor are each provided with a second shut-off valve, which immediately before the respective line coupling to the next telescopic section is arranged and closed with the line coupling open and closed Line coupling is open. The innermost telescopic section (innermost inner box), which itself no longer includes a telescopic shot, Of course, does not need its own lubricant distributor, since the lubricant is fed through the inner box that surrounds it. The lubricant distributor this in the order last comprehensive inner box is the exit side only for Lubricant channel of this comprehensive inner box open. So it does not find any there Forwarding of lubricant to another lubricant distributor more, because no such follows. Conversely, the lubricant distributor of the basic box of the Telescopic boom which represents in the order of the first lubricant distributor, not fed by another adjacent lubricant distributor, but is connected to a Pressure line connected to the supply of lubricants. Im a telescope State of the telescopic boom is fed through this pressure line Lubricate first up to the last in the order lubricant distributor before it passes through the lubricant channel on the sliding surface of the respective Slide bearing can escape. By Austeleskopieren a telescopic shot of the associated with this telescopic section lubricant distributor of the other Cut off lubricant supply and instead the plain bearing of the last one lubricated not telescoped comprehensive telescopic shot.

It is recommended that the lubricant distributor each with a backflow for the Lubricant provided so that the lubricant when Austeleskopieren a Telescope shot after decoupling from an immediately preceding Lubricant distributor can not escape in an unintentional manner.

Since the bearings in the lower part of the hollow profile of the telescopic shots essential are more heavily loaded than in the upper part, it comes mainly to the reliable and adequate lubrication of these bearings. Preferably, therefore, at the Bottom of the telescopic shots each two lubricant distributor arranged. In principle, it would also be possible to use a lubricant distributor via branch lines within a telescopic section one Lubricant distribution to different bearings make.

In a preferred embodiment, the invention provides that the Lubricant distributor each have a fillable with lubricant housing, which in Area of a reinforcing collar of a telescopic section is arranged, wherein at the front of the telescopic section in each case a part of the line coupling to the next Telescopic shot is arranged. To the cascaded series connection of the Of course, to allow lubricant distributor is on the opposite Front side of the housing of the lubricant distributor a corresponding Line coupling provided for the connection to the previous telescopic section. The exception here is of course the basic box, which has no previous one Telescopic shot has more and is connected to the lubricant pressure line. Preferably, for the fluidic connection of a lubricant distributor of a Telescopic shot with the lubricant distributors of this comprehensive Telescopic shot and the scope of this included telescope shot a valve cartridge provided, the housing of the lubricant distributor in the direction of the longitudinal axis interspersed with the telescopic boom. For the sake of a simple installation Such a valve cartridge can be designed as Einschraubpatrone, ie with a External threads are provided with a corresponding internal thread in the Housing of the lubricant distributor corresponds. In einteleskopierten state of Telescopic shots, the individual valve cartridges are cascade-tight arranged one behind the other, so are among each other in fluid technology Connection. For this purpose, the valve cartridges preferably have a substantially hollow cylindrical housing, wherein in the end faces of the housing of the Valve cartridges each have at least one opening arranged on the inside Each is closed by a membrane or other seal, which by a compression spring is pressed into its closed position. In the cylindrical mantle of Housing of the valve cartridges is in each case at least one opening for the passage of the Lubricant from the valve cartridge into the housing of the lubricant distributor arranged. This opening in the jacket of the housing is advantageously by a with the compression spring of the valve cartridge loaded closing piston lockable, which on a front side is slidably guided in the housing of the valve cartridge and a piston rod has, which penetrates this end face of the housing and in dense contact the Valve cartridge to an axially adjacent valve cartridge the closing piston on the Opening in the jacket pushes, so this closes and at the same time the seal of the at least one opening of the front side lifts, so that this lubricant distributor then no lubricant to the assigned him slide bearing, but only the Lubricate to the next lubricant distributor through the opening in the Forward side.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention is an electronic Control provided, depending on the scope of use and / or Use stage of the telescopic boom the temporary supply of lubricant in causes the pressure line to the base box. So that means, for example After a certain period of operation or number of Teleskopiervorgängen or at each new telescoping process at the beginning of telescoping automatically one Lubricant feed can be made without doing this manual intervention requirement. The time required for the lubrication does not have to be like a Manual lubrication of the available operating time of the Telescopic boom are removed, but the lubrication takes place in Cost-optimally held at the same time with the process of conventional telescoping. There can reliably ensure regular lubrication without problems the friction forces required for telescoping regularly to a minimum being held. This not only has advantages in terms of a low-wear operation, but also allows an optimization of the hydraulics for telescoping the Inner boxes of the telescopic boom as the required efficiency of the Telescoping cylinder can be based on the minimum frictional forces.

Fig. 1

einen schematischen Längsschnitt durch einen erfindungsgemäßen Teleskopausleger,

Fig. 2

ein Schaltschema der Schmierung des Teleskopauslegers gemäß Fig. 1 in drei unterschiedlichen Betnebsstadien,

Fig. 3

einen schematischen Längsschnitt durch eine Ventilpatrone,

Fig. 4

unterschiedliche Schaltzustände der Ventilpatrone gemäß Fig. 3 in schematischer Form,

Fig. 5

eine perspektivische Ansicht des Kopfbereichs eines Teleskopschusses von außen,

Fig. 6

eine perspektivische Ansicht der Innenseite des Teleskopschusses gemäß Fig. 5 und

Fig. 7, 8

perspektivische Einblicke in einen Schmiermittelverteiler.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the embodiments illustrated in FIGS. Show it:

Fig. 1

a schematic longitudinal section through a telescopic boom according to the invention,

Fig. 2

1 is a circuit diagram of the lubrication of the telescopic boom according to FIG. 1 in three different stages of operation;

Fig. 3

a schematic longitudinal section through a valve cartridge,

Fig. 4

different switching states of the valve cartridge according to FIG. 3 in schematic form,

Fig. 5

a perspective view of the head portion of a telescopic section from the outside,

Fig. 6

a perspective view of the inside of the telescopic section of FIG. 5 and

Fig. 7, 8

perspective views into a lubricant distributor.

Fig. 1 shows a telescopic boom 1, a base box 2 and a plurality has telescopically guided shot, of which for simplicity only the inner box 3 is shown. This telescopic boom can with his Foot area (left end), for example, hinged to the upper carriage of a vehicle crane become. The individual telescopic sections 3 are e.g. by means of a not shown hydraulic telescoping cylinder, which mechanically via a coupling device to the single shots 3 can be connected and disconnected from a retracted Position (transport position) in its working position (extended position) displaced and rigidly connectable to each other via bolting systems not shown. in the Head portion of the base box 2 and each one another, not shown Telescopic shots 3 comprising telescopic sections are sliding bearings 7 on the inside arranged, which are not visible here, but from the explained below Fig. 6 are removable. Outside the head of a comprehensive telescopic section 2 in each case at least one lubricant distributor 10, 10 a, 10 b arranged by a not shown lubricant passage through the wall of the respective Teleskopschusses 2, 3 lubricant to the sliding surfaces of the sliding bearing 7 can promote.

The principle of the inventive supply of lubricants to the individual Telescope shots can be explained in more detail with reference to the schematic representation of FIG become. Part 2a shows the switching state of the lubricant distribution system in a stage in which all telescopic telescopic shots 3, 4 of the Telescopic boom in the retracted position (transport position) are. In this Stage are the lubricant distributors 10, 10a, 10b of the three comprehensive Telescopic shots 2, 3, 4 immediately close together. The building units of Lubricant distributor 10a are each indicated by dashed lines. The to Base box 2 associated lubricant distributor 10 has a lubricant pressure line 14th on, which is connectable to a lubricant source, not shown. About one Valve 11, which is closed in the illustrated state, is the lubricant pressure line 14 with the lubrication point leading lubricant channel 9 on the base box. 2 connectable. Since the valve 11 is closed, the lubricant can be supplied via a first Line coupling 12 in the Schmiermrttelverteiler 10 a of the telescopic section. 3 flow. Since the telescopic section 3 is not yet extended, is also the Shut-off valve 11 is closed, so that still no connection with the local Lubricant channel 9 is made. Rather, this is through the line 14 under pressure introduced lubricant to the next line coupling 12 and flows into the lubricant distributor 10b of the telescopic section 4 a. Since the telescopic section 4 in In this example, no further telescopic shots follow and thus no further Lubricant distributors are present, the supplied lubricant in the Lubricant channel 9 of this lubricant distributor 10b flow and the associated Lubricate sliding bearing. This happens during the exporting of the Telescopic Shot 5. The lubricant distributor 10b needs in the present case as last only a line connection from its line coupling 12 to his but it can, as in Fig. 2, the case, a identical design as in the other telescopic sections 2, 3 with shut-off valves 11th and 13 may be provided to at least one more if necessary install telescopic shot and also lubricate can.

When the telescopic section 4 is extended, the switching state is according to the sub-figure 2b. By Austeleskopieren the telescopic section 4 dissolves the Line coupling 12 between the two lubricant distributors 10a, 10b of Telescopic shots 3 and 4. At the same time, the lubricant distributor 10a of the Teleskopschusses 3 an immediately before his right line coupling 12 lying second shut-off valve 13 is closed, while the first shut-off valve 11 this Lubricant distributor 10a is opened. This will clear the way for the lubricant in the lubricant channel 9 at the lubricant distributor 10a for the telescopic section 3 free. This means that during the extension of the telescopic section 4 through this Lubricant distributor 10a lubricant in between the telescopic sections 3 and 4 located slide bearing is promoted. In the last stage of telescoping, that in the Part figure 2c is shown, the telescopic section 3 is extended, so the Line coupling 12 between the two lubricant distributors 10, 10 a of Telescopic shots 2 and 3 open. At the same time thereby a second shut-off valve 13 on the lubricant distributor 10a of the telescopic section 2 (basic box) closed and the associated first shut-off valve 11 is opened, so that here too the lubricant can specifically enter the associated lubricant channel 9. As soon as enough Lubricant has leaked into the bearing surfaces, the lubricant supply over the Pressure line 14 is turned off. To prevent unwanted leakage of lubricant correspondingly low viscosity (for example: when heated by solar radiation) can prevent, at the austeleskopierbaren shots 3, 4 even more Shut-off valves 6 may be provided, as is apparent from Fig. 2b, c.

FIG. 5 shows two on the underside in the head area of a telescopic section 3 on the outside arranged lubricant distributor 10. It can be seen that the housing 16 of the two Lubricant distributor 10 in a very space-saving manner in the area of Reinforcement collar 17 of the telescopic section 3 are housed. At the visible Front side of the housing 16 can be seen the circular end face of a valve cartridge 18th The interior of the housing 16 of the lubricant distributor 10 is in each case by a Cross-bore executed lubricant channel 9 with the inner surface of a Sliding bearing 7 connected. This is apparent from the illustration of Fig. 6, which is the interior of the telescopic section 3 as shown in FIG. 5 reproduces. It can also be seen in FIG. 6 that the valve cartridge 18, which passes through the housing 16 over the entire axial length, to the front side of the reinforcing collar 17 exits again. This situation also works from the enlarged views of the housing 16 of the lubricant distributor 10 in Figures 7 and 8 show. In these two representations is the wall of the Telescopic section 3 has been omitted, so that the insight into the housing 16 is open. The running in the wall of the telescopic section 3 lubricant channel is therefore not visible in these two representations.

For the introduction of the lubricant in the housing 16 of the lubricant distributor 10th or for the passage of the lubricant through a lubricant distributor 10 is a Valve cartridge 18 is provided, the function of which can be seen in Figures 3 and 4. The Valve cartridge 18 has a substantially hollow cylindrical housing 19 which is connected to the both end faces is closed with walls, in each of which at least one end-side opening 20, 21 is arranged. The opening 20 on the right front side can by a non-return valve 15, which in the present case is designed as a membrane 22, to be shot. For this purpose, a compression spring 25 is inside the housing 19 arranged, which presses the membrane 22 against the right end side, so that Lubricant, which is located in the housing 19, not inadvertently can escape through the opening 20. On the other hand, but lubricant, which is introduced under pressure through the opening 20, the membrane 22 against the force of Move spring 25 to the left, leaving the lubricant in the interior of the housing 19 and can flow through an opening 23 in the membrane 22. in the cylindrical shell of the housing 19, an opening 27 is arranged through which the incoming lubricant from the housing 19 of the valve cartridge 18 in the interior of the Housing 16 of the associated lubricant distributor (Fig. 7 and 8) can escape.

However, this opening 27 is only free if the one shown in the left part of FIG Closing piston 28 which is slidably mounted in the housing 19, in its left Located on the outskirts. The closing piston 28 is provided with a seal 24, here is simply formed as a left end face of the closing piston 28 and in a similar manner as the membrane 22 in the position shown, an opening 21 in the left end of the Housing 19 closes. The closing piston 28 has a piston rod 29, which the left end face of the housing 19 penetrates. When the closing piston 28 on the Piston rod 29 is moved to the right, the opening 27 through the Closing piston 28 hidden and thus closed. Since the rifle 28 and the Seal 24 in a similar manner as the membrane 22 is offset to the opening 21 arranged opening 26 may, with a corresponding pressure of the housing in the 19th introduced lubricant through the openings 26 and 21 to the right exit in a not shown in Fig. 3 further valve cartridge of the immediate subsequent telescopic shot, the closing piston 28 against the compression spring 25th moved to the right. By appropriate juxtaposition of Valve cartridges can remove the lubricant in the retracted state of the individual associated valve connections in any way to the last valve cartridge be encouraged. When juxtaposing the valve cartridges of the Lubricant distributor is of course to pay attention to the location of the Outlet opening 21 respectively corresponds to the inlet opening 20 of the valve cartridge 18th of the following telescope shot. It may be appropriate, the abutting end faces of the valve cartridges 18 to ensure a as well as possible sealed against each other from materials of different hardness and to manufacture elasticity. It can also special shaping measures be met, which allow a dense transition possible.

The basic switching states of a valve cartridge with each as dashed Line shown lubricant flow path go from the three representations of Fig. 4. The subfigure 4a shows the switching position in which the inflowing Lubricant not for lubrication of the sliding surfaces of the associated plain bearing can flow out, but in the next (not shown) valve cartridge through the Opening 21 flows over, since the closing piston 28 is in the retracted position located. The sub-figure 4b shows the state in which the membrane 22 due to the under Pressure supplied lubricant is again shifted to the left, so that the Lubricant may enter the valve cartridge 18. As on the left side of the Valve cartridge no second valve cartridge is present, the closing piston 28 in its left End position, so that the way for the lubricant through the opening 27 into the interior of the Housing 16 of the lubricant distributor 10 and in the lubricant channel 9 of the associated sliding bearing is open. The subfigure 4c finally shows the state in which the valve cartridge 18 is in the rest position, so the associated telescopic section already extended. In this case, the openings 20 and 21 are due to the effect the compression spring 25 is closed to the associated seals 22 and 24. Only the Opening 27 to the lubricant channel 9 is open.

The present invention is based on the example of a telescopic boom with two comprehensive Telescopic shots 2, 3 have been shown. Of course, the number of possible Telescopic shots not limited to the top. There can be any number of telescopic shots be provided one behind the other.

Reference numerals:

1

telescopic boom

2

basic box

3

inner box

4

inner box

6

additional shut-off valve

7, 7a

bearings

9

lubricant channel

10, 10a, 10b

lubricant distributor

11

first shut-off valve

12

line coupling

13

second shut-off valve

14

pressure line

15

backflow

16

Housing of the lubricant distributor

17

reinforcing collar

18

valve cartridge

19

Housing of the valve cartridge

20

Opening to the previous telescopic shot

21

Opening to the subsequent telescopic section

22

membrane

23

Opening in membrane

24

poetry

25

compression spring

26

Opening in seal and closing piston

27

Opening in the jacket of the valve cartridge

28

closing piston

29

piston rod

Claims (13)

1. A telescopic boom, especially for a mobile crane, having a base section (2) and a plurality of telescoping telescopic sections (inner sections 3, 4), which are guided via plain bearings (7) in the head area of the respective next larger inner section (3, 4) or the base section (2) (enclosing telescopic sections), it being possible to supply a lubricant to the sliding surfaces of the plain bearings (7) through the wall of the in each case enclosing telescopic section (2, 3, 4),
   characterised in that

   in the head area of the enclosing telescopic sections (2, 3), with the exception of the last enclosing telescopic section (4), at least one lubricant distributor (10a) is arranged in each case on the outside, which lubricant distributor (10a) is connected on the one hand via a first shutoff valve (11) to a lubricant duct (9) of the respective telescopic section (2, 3) and on the other hand is in fluid connection with regard to the lubricant via a line coupler (12), closed when the respective next smaller telescopic section (3, 4) (enclosed telescopic section) is telescoped in completely, with the lubricant distributor (10a) of the enclosed telescopic section (3, 4), wherein the first shutoff valve (11) of an enclosing telescopic section (2, 3) is respectively closed when the enclosed telescopic section (3, 4) is telescoped in and open when the enclosed telescopic section (3, 4) is telescoped out and wherein the line coupler (12) between an enclosing (2, 3) and an enclosed telescopic section (3, 4) is opened by telescoping out of the respective enclosed telescopic section (3, 4),

   the lubricant distributors (10, 10a) are each provided with a second shutoff valve (13), which is arranged directly upstream of the respective line coupler (12) and is closed when the line coupler (12) is open and open when the line coupler (12) is closed,

   the innermost inner section does not comprise an active lubricant distributor and the lubricant distributor (10b) of the inner section (4) enclosing it is open on the outlet side only to the lubricant duct (9) of this enclosing inner section (4) and

   the at least one lubricant distributor (10) of the base section (2) is connected to a delivery line (14) for supplying lubricant.
2. A telescopic boom according to claim 1,
   characterised in that
   the lubricant distributors (10, 10a, 10b) are each provided in the area of the line coupler (12) with a nonreturn valve (15) for the lubricant.
3. A telescopic boom according to either one claims 1 to 2,
   characterised in that
   at least two lubricant distributors (10, 10a, 10b) are arranged on each of the enclosing telescopic sections (2, 3, 4).
4. A telescopic boom according to claim 3,
   characterised in that
   the lubricant distributors (10, 10a, 10b) are arranged on the underside of the enclosing telescopic sections (2, 3, 4).
5. A telescopic boom according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
   characterised in that
   the lubricant distributors (10, 10a, 10b) each comprise a housing (16) fillable with lubricant, which housing (16) is arranged in the area of a reinforcing collar (17) of a telescopic section (2, 3, 4), wherein part of the line coupler (12) to the next telescopic section (3, 4) is arranged in each case at the end face of the telescopic section (2, 3, 4).
6. A telescopic boom according to claim 5,
   characterised in that
   a valve cartridge (18) is provided for fluidic connection in each case of a lubricant distributor (10a) of a telescopic section (3) with the lubricant distributors (10 or 10b respectively) of the telescopic section (2) enclosing said telescopic section (3) and of the telescopic section (4) enclosed by said telescopic section (3), which cartridge (18) passes through the housing (16) of the lubricant distributor (10a) in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the telescopic boom.
7. A telescopic boom according to claim 6,
   characterised in that
   the valve cartridge (18) takes the form of a screw-in cartridge.
8. A telescopic boom according to either one of claims 6 to 7,
   characterised in that
   the valve cartridges (18) lie tightly one behind the other in the manner of a cascade when the telescopic sections (3, 4) are telescoped in.
9. A telescopic boom according to claim 8,
   characterised in that
   the valve cartridges (18) comprise a substantially hollow-cylindrical housing (19).
10. A telescopic boom according to either one of claims 8 to 9,
    characterised in that
    at least one opening (20, 21) is arranged in each of the end faces of the housing (19) of the valve cartridge (18), which opening (20, 21) may be closed on the inside in each case by a membrane (22) or other seal (24), which is pressed into its closed position by a pressure spring (25).
11. A telescopic boom according to claim 10,
    characterised in that
    at least one opening (27) is arranged in each case in the barrel of the valve cartridges (18) for passage of the lubricant from the valve cartridge (18) into the housing (16) of the lubricant distributor (10).
12. A telescopic boom according to claim 11,
    characterised in that
    the opening (27) in the barrel may be closed by a closing piston (28) loaded by a pressure spring (25), which closing piston (28) is guided slidingly in the housing (19) of the valve cartridge (18) against an end face and comprises a piston rod (29) which penetrates this end face of the housing (19) and, when the valve cartridge (18) is lying tight against an axially directly adjacent valve cartridge (18), pushes the closing piston (28) over the opening (27) in the barrel, so removing the seal (24) from the at least one opening (21) in the end face.
13. A telescopic boom according to any one of claims 1 to 12,
    characterised in that
    an electronic control system is provided which causes the periodic feed of lubricant into the delivery line (14) to the base section (2) as a function of the extent of use and/or stage of use of the telescopic boom (1).

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