EP1315653B1 - Driving mechanism for fast watercraft - Google Patents

Driving mechanism for fast watercraft Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1315653B1
EP1315653B1 EP01984587A EP01984587A EP1315653B1 EP 1315653 B1 EP1315653 B1 EP 1315653B1 EP 01984587 A EP01984587 A EP 01984587A EP 01984587 A EP01984587 A EP 01984587A EP 1315653 B1 EP1315653 B1 EP 1315653B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
drive according
impeller
nozzle
adjustable
electric motor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP01984587A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1315653A2 (en
Inventor
Reinhold Reuter
Manfred Heer
Stefan Kaul
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Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Schottel GmbH and Co KG
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Publication of EP1315653A2 publication Critical patent/EP1315653A2/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H23/00—Transmitting power from propulsion power plant to propulsive elements
    • B63H23/22—Transmitting power from propulsion power plant to propulsive elements with non-mechanical gearing
    • B63H23/24—Transmitting power from propulsion power plant to propulsive elements with non-mechanical gearing electric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H11/00—Marine propulsion by water jets
    • B63H11/02—Marine propulsion by water jets the propulsive medium being ambient water
    • B63H11/10—Marine propulsion by water jets the propulsive medium being ambient water having means for deflecting jet or influencing cross-section thereof
    • B63H11/103—Marine propulsion by water jets the propulsive medium being ambient water having means for deflecting jet or influencing cross-section thereof having means to increase efficiency of propulsive fluid, e.g. discharge pipe provided with means to improve the fluid flow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H21/00—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
    • B63H21/38—Apparatus or methods specially adapted for use on marine vessels, for handling power plant or unit liquids, e.g. lubricants, coolants, fuels or the like
    • B63H21/383—Apparatus or methods specially adapted for use on marine vessels, for handling power plant or unit liquids, e.g. lubricants, coolants, fuels or the like for handling cooling-water
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H5/00—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water
    • B63H5/07—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water of propellers
    • B63H5/125—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water of propellers movably mounted with respect to hull, e.g. adjustable in direction, e.g. podded azimuthing thrusters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H5/00—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water
    • B63H5/07—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water of propellers
    • B63H5/08—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water of propellers of more than one propeller
    • B63H5/10—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water of propellers of more than one propeller of coaxial type, e.g. of counter-rotative type
    • B63H2005/103—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water of propellers of more than one propeller of coaxial type, e.g. of counter-rotative type of co-rotative type, i.e. rotating in the same direction, e.g. twin propellers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H5/00—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water
    • B63H5/07—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water of propellers
    • B63H5/125—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water of propellers movably mounted with respect to hull, e.g. adjustable in direction, e.g. podded azimuthing thrusters
    • B63H2005/1254—Podded azimuthing thrusters, i.e. podded thruster units arranged inboard for rotation about vertical axis
    • B63H2005/1258—Podded azimuthing thrusters, i.e. podded thruster units arranged inboard for rotation about vertical axis with electric power transmission to propellers, i.e. with integrated electric propeller motors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H11/00—Marine propulsion by water jets
    • B63H11/02—Marine propulsion by water jets the propulsive medium being ambient water
    • B63H11/04—Marine propulsion by water jets the propulsive medium being ambient water by means of pumps
    • B63H11/08—Marine propulsion by water jets the propulsive medium being ambient water by means of pumps of rotary type
    • B63H2011/081—Marine propulsion by water jets the propulsive medium being ambient water by means of pumps of rotary type with axial flow, i.e. the axis of rotation being parallel to the flow direction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H11/00—Marine propulsion by water jets
    • B63H11/02—Marine propulsion by water jets the propulsive medium being ambient water
    • B63H11/04—Marine propulsion by water jets the propulsive medium being ambient water by means of pumps
    • B63H11/08—Marine propulsion by water jets the propulsive medium being ambient water by means of pumps of rotary type
    • B63H2011/084—Marine propulsion by water jets the propulsive medium being ambient water by means of pumps of rotary type with two or more pump stages

Definitions

  • Marine propulsion with a motor, preferably an electric motor, in a gondola below the ship and at least one propeller driven by this engine outside the one Gondola ends are preferably for ship speeds from 20 knots to use with economic advantage; she are commonly referred to as PoD drives. In the speed range Above 20 knots, however, is with propeller drives only to achieve a non-optimal efficiency.
  • a ship propulsion with an outside of the hull of a driven Watercraft arranged gondola with the Watercraft body is connected and receives an electric motor, which arranged the drive from outside the nacelle Propellers is, for example, from WO 98/19907 known.
  • marine propulsion which is a nozzle-like Enclosure outside the hull, in a motor driven propeller turns, in front and behind within the housing one each from pivoting vanes existing guide is arranged, wherein the Flow channel in the housing in front of the propeller narrows towards this, to accelerate the inflow to the propeller and the flow channel behind the propeller expands to the Downstream from the propeller to the flow channel outlet to slow down.
  • Object of the present invention is a ship propulsion show, especially in the speed range from about 25 to about 30 knots can be used advantageously.
  • the drive according to the present invention is defined by the claims characterized.
  • the drive according to the invention can as Stubanteltriebmaschine be designated.
  • Drive form is a jacketed turbomachine with at least one axially or diagonally traversed rotor outside of the ship and with the ship in suitable Way firmly connected. It is characterized by compact design and high efficiency at higher speeds out.
  • the design of the turbomachine is particularly suitable also for the implementation as a controllable drive.
  • the engine according to the invention is in the nozzle inlet Flow dammed up, practically the pressure level extreme Increased to the underrun of the vapor pressure as far as possible to prevent.
  • the impeller size of the required performance data and the cavitation conditions certainly.
  • a smaller impeller must be one have higher speed, which, however, by the given inlet pressure is limited. This also makes the minimum diameter given the impeller.
  • the impeller diameter determined the main dimensions of the engine and these in turn are next to the form determining for the resistance of the drive to the propulsive force is reduced.
  • the necessary hub ratio (that is the ratio of the Impeller diameter to hub diameter) of about 0.5 in addition to that in the hub an electric motor can be used.
  • the in the engine resulting heat loss can directly over the hub surface be discharged into the water, with a construction with shrunk motor is very beneficial.
  • throttle curve is the characteristic of the pump. With increasing volume flow (Throughput) decreases the specific nozzle work (head). As the driving speed increases, the resistance of the to be driven to. The exit velocity must also increase. The displacement of the pump working point thus counteracts the need.
  • the Driving speed provides an additional pressure level, which is superpositioned with the delivery height of the pump.
  • the conventional waterjets absorb from the boundary layer.
  • the drive according to the invention can generally be positioned deeper be to process a higher speed altitude to be able to. More components and larger surfaces mean but also a higher resistance, which is especially true higher speeds beats.
  • adjustable blades of the impeller and / or stator as well as a pre-rack device with adjustable blades the characteristic curve of the system can be changed.
  • a predilection device makes sense especially if at the same time an adjustable nozzle exit surface is provided.
  • the electric motor too integrate. It can be designed such that the outer part of the electric motor here represents the revolving rotor, with a Impeller is connected.
  • the inner part of the electric motor is fixed (stator of the electric motor) and is the axis on which the rotor is stored (rolling bearings, plain bearings). This axis can be before and after the rotor with the nozzle (the nozzle inner shell) over aerodynamically shaped struts are connected.
  • these struts as a guide (Vorleit- and stator) to make flow losses minimize.
  • the electric motor can also be integrated so that Outer part is (stator, as usual) and the inner part (rotor) turns.
  • the stator will again be striving with the drive connected, which advantageously represent the stator.
  • the impeller is connected to the rotor and can extend over the stator, allowing the engine to build longer can.
  • the storage can be designed so that they themselves completely located behind or in front of the wheel (flying Storage) or that the impeller stored in front of and behind the impeller is (fork storage).
  • the electrical energy, signals and cooling media can in the Wings (hollow) of a stator are supplied.
  • the adjustment of the guide vanes may be such that the guide wing is multipartite with fixed parts and one or more moving parts.
  • the power transmission Thirust, torsional moment
  • the adjustment of the guide vanes in the hub be where there is enough space.
  • the adjustment can hydraulically, pneumatically or electrically via levers.
  • the supply of necessary energy can be within the guide vanes respectively.
  • the adjustment of the nozzle can advantageously be solved in such a way that from the hub contour a profile body axially in his Position is adjusted so that the nozzle outlet cross-section changed.
  • a telescopic cover prevents this a detachment or vortex of flow.
  • a control by deflecting the thrust on a plate in the Nozzle exit is easy but at low relative speeds not very effective.
  • the pivoting of the nozzle outlet is almost synonymous with judging the total thrust.
  • the pivoting of the entire drive is for low speeds the best solution.
  • To course at higher speeds is a limited pivoting of the Gesaintantriebes, combined with appealflaps (the are attached to the drive and a by their pivoting Allow control at small angles without the drive too pivoting), one-sided controlled stall (introduction of air or electromagnetic energy) or easier Nozzle flap a solution.
  • the invention Ship propulsion from outside the hull arranged drive unit consists of a gondola with integrated electric motor, the one or more consecutively connected impellers (pump impellers) in the same or opposite direction directly drives, being after, in front of or between the impeller or the impellers a stator is arranged and impeller and Diffusers are encased by a housing whose cross-section continuous from the entrance to the level of the first impeller extended and then to an adjustable cross-section changed, which together with an adjustable Vorleitrad allows a dynamic characteristic in the intake part, an adaptation to a wide variety of operating conditions allows.
  • FIG. 1 is an inventive Water jet drive as a central longitudinal section
  • Fig. 2 is a detail of Figure 1 in larger Representation
  • Fig. 3 is the explanation of one opposite Fig. 1 different embodiment.
  • the entire drive is arranged in a housing 1, at whose characterized by a guide 2 inlet itself a section 3 connects, the cross section is up to Impeller 4, which may be the first of several wheels is, constantly expanding.
  • Impeller 4 which may be the first of several wheels is, constantly expanding.
  • a section 5 whose Cross-section is variable, but in principle to the outlet 6th gets smaller.
  • a mounting flange 7 fixedly assigned to the housing 1, with the entire drive outside the hull 100 is to be attached.
  • the attachment to the hull in such a way be that the entire drive about the vertical longitudinal axis.
  • the Longitudinal axis 8 of the flange 7 is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. 9 directed to the housing 1. Rotatable about the housing longitudinal axis 9 If necessary, the only impeller 4 is arranged in the housing 1. The drive of the impeller 4 takes place with an electric motor, the stator 11 inside, the rotor 12 is located outside. In front and behind the impeller 4 and the motor 11, 12 is the rotor 12 in bearings 13, 14 rotatably mounted about its longitudinal axis 9.
  • the impeller 4 is preceded by the guide device 2, the by means of an adjusting device 15 is adjustable. Before the Guide 2 is the aerodynamically designed hub cap 16 arranged. An adjustable with an adjustment 17 second nozzle 18 is connected downstream of the impeller 4. In the downstream area of the housing 1 is a Adjustment device 19 for the change of the discharge nozzle formed part of the housing 1 with respect to its cross section arranged and preferably includes a piston-cylinder device one.
  • the guide 2 consists of two consecutive Parts 2a, 2b, of which the front part 2a between housing 1 and existing cap 16 is fixed.
  • This front Part 2a of the guide 2 is a guide grid with fixed Shovels that are set to a coarse direction the flow flowing to the drive over the entire Operating range is reached. He serves the stabilization of the housing 1 in the inflow region 3.
  • On the fixed guide grid 2a follows as a second part of the guide 2b, with their Longitudinal axes 21 pivotable adjusting blades.
  • With the second Part 2b of the guide 2 is the operating condition-related Fine alignment of the inflowing the drive Flow.
  • the adjusting blades 10 are with their pin-like Blade feet 20 pivotable about their longitudinal axes 21 the hub cap 16 passed and the adjustment 15 assigned, which may be of a known type.
  • the axial adjustment of the discharge cap 25 is the adjustment 19, one of which its essential parts symmetrical to the axis 9 in the housing 1 held by suitable means cylinder 23, from whose housing outlet facing the end of a cylinder 23rd by hydraulic pressure means translatorisch adjustable Adjusting piston 24 as another of the essential parts of Adjustment is brought out and the free end is firmly connected to the discharge cap 25.
  • a symmetrical to the adjusting piston 24th or to the drive longitudinal axis 9 arranged telescopic cover 28 is provided, one end of which is fixedly arranged in the housing 1 Adjusting cylinder 23 and the other end fixed the opposite assigned to the housing 1 adjustable Abströmkappe 25 is.
  • the discharge cap 25 is in its two end positions shown.
  • the discharge cap represented in their outer end position, in the she with her inner end with the larger diameter in the nozzle or housing end plane 6, otherwise substantially outside the housing 1, so the smallest annular outlet cross-section of the flow channel 26 determined is.
  • the discharge cap 25 is in her represented in the inner end position, in which she is with her outer tip end in the nozzle or housing end plane 6 and essentially located within the housing, so that the largest annular outlet cross section of the flow channel 26th is determined.
  • nozzle parts pivotally mounted on the housing 1 which is to Reduction of the nozzle cross-section more, to increase the Nozzle cross section, but less still to guarantee sufficiently cover the guide of the fluid flow;
  • Fig. 3 shows one of a plurality of nozzle flaps 25a, which in joints 29 hinged to the housing 1 and this opposite in the direction of Double arrows 30 are to be pivoted.
  • FIG. 2 An example adjusting device for the second part 2b of the inlet guide 2 results from FIG. 2. It is the first vane ring 2a with its fixed vanes to recognize, through its hollow vanes lines 31 for the Supply of hydraulic working fluid to supply lines 32 and further arranged symmetrically to the drive longitudinal axis 9 Adjusting cylinder 33 for the adjustment of the adjusting cylinder 33 arranged adjusting piston 34 passed are.
  • the adjusting piston 34 counteracts the action of a prestressed coil spring 35 on a rack 36, which in turn with a gear 37 on the pin-like foot 20 of the respective adjusting vane of the blade ring 2b acts, whose blades are adjusted or pivoted about their longitudinal axes 21 should be.
  • Blades of the blade rings 2a, 2b are their example Cross sections drawn. At their upper ends are the Guide vanes 10 of the second adjustable vane ring 2b with pin 2c mounted in the housing 1 (pivoting movement according to double arrow 101).
  • the flow channel 26 preferably has one at least substantially circular in cross-section, although its oval shape should not be excluded.
  • the Inlet to prevent the ingestion of foreign bodies by Formation of an intake vortex with otherwise annular Flow channel 26 may be flattened or oval.

Abstract

The invention relates to a driving mechanism disposed on the hull (100) of a watercraft comprising an impeller (4) which is used for the propulsion of said watercraft. The impeller is arranged in a housing (1). The cross-section of the flow channel (26) for the impeller is enlarged. Behind the impeller, the cross-section is reduced towards the outlet (6). The cross-section of the outlet can be altered. An adjustable guiding device (2) is arranged in the inlet.

Description

Schiffsantriebe mit einem Motor, vorzugsweise einem Elektromotor, in einer Gondel unterhalb des Schiffes und mindestens einem von diesem Motor angetriebenen Propeller außerhalb des einen Gondelendes sind vorzugsweise für Schiffsgeschwindigkeiten ab 20 Knoten mit wirtschaftlichem Vorteil einzusetzen; sie werden allgemein als PoD-Antriebe bezeichnet. In dem Geschwindigkeitsbereich Ober 20 Knoten ist jedoch mit Propellerantrieben nur ein nicht optimaler Wirkungsgrad zu erzielen.Marine propulsion with a motor, preferably an electric motor, in a gondola below the ship and at least one propeller driven by this engine outside the one Gondola ends are preferably for ship speeds from 20 knots to use with economic advantage; she are commonly referred to as PoD drives. In the speed range Above 20 knots, however, is with propeller drives only to achieve a non-optimal efficiency.

Häufig verwendete Schiffsantriebe mit mindestens einem Wasserstrahl, der aus dem das Schiff umgebenden Wasser gebildet wird, im Schiff mit Energie angereichert wird und als energiereicher Wasserstrahl das Schiff verläßt, um dieses anzutreiben, sind in Geschwindigkeitsbereichen über 35 Knoten effizient einzusetzen. Frequently used ship drives with at least one water jet, which formed from the water surrounding the ship becomes enriched in the ship with energy and as more energetic Water jet leaves the ship to power this are efficient in speed ranges above 35 knots use.

Ein Schiffsantrieb mit einer außerhalb des Rumpfes eines anzutreibenden Wasserfahrzeuges angeordneten Gondel, die mit dem Wasserfahrzeugrumpf verbunden ist und einen Elektromotor aufnimmt, der dem Antrieb von außerhalb der Gondel angeordneten Propellern dient, ist beispielsweise aus WO 98/19907 bekannt. Aus US 5,722,866 sind Schiffsantriebe bekannt, die ein düsenartiges Gehäuse außerhalb des Schiffsrumpfes einschließen, in dem sich ein motorgetriebener Propeller dreht, vor und hinter dem innerhalb des Gehäuses je eine aus schwenkbaren Leitschaufeln bestehende Leiteinrichtung angeordnet ist, wobei sich der Strömungskanal im Gehäuse vor dem Propeller zu diesem hin verengt, um die Zuströmung zum Propeller zu beschleunigen und sich der Strömungskanal hinter dem Propeller erweitert, um die Abströmung vom Propeller zum Strömungskanalauslaß hin zu verlangsamen.A ship propulsion with an outside of the hull of a driven Watercraft arranged gondola with the Watercraft body is connected and receives an electric motor, which arranged the drive from outside the nacelle Propellers is, for example, from WO 98/19907 known. From US 5,722,866 marine propulsion are known, which is a nozzle-like Enclosure outside the hull, in a motor driven propeller turns, in front and behind within the housing one each from pivoting vanes existing guide is arranged, wherein the Flow channel in the housing in front of the propeller narrows towards this, to accelerate the inflow to the propeller and the flow channel behind the propeller expands to the Downstream from the propeller to the flow channel outlet to slow down.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, einen Schiffsantrieb aufzuzeigen, der besonders im Geschwindigkeitsbereich von etwa 25 bis etwa 30 Knoten vorteilhaft einsetzbar ist.Object of the present invention is a ship propulsion show, especially in the speed range from about 25 to about 30 knots can be used advantageously.

Der Antrieb gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung ist durch die Ansprüche gekennzeichnet. Der erfindungsgemäße Antrieb kann als Staumanteltriebwerk bezeichnet werden. Bei dieser erfindungsgemäßen Antriebsform ist eine ummantelte Strömungsmaschine mit zumindest einem axial oder diagonal durchströmten Rotor außerhalb des Schiffes angeordnet und mit dem Schiff in geeigneter Weise fest verbunden. Sie zeichnet sich durch kompakte Bauweise und einen hohen Wirkungsgrad bei höheren Geschwindigkeiten aus. Die Bauart der Strömungsmaschine eignet sich besonders auch für die Umsetzung als steuerbarer Antrieb.The drive according to the present invention is defined by the claims characterized. The drive according to the invention can as Stubanteltriebwerk be designated. In this invention Drive form is a jacketed turbomachine with at least one axially or diagonally traversed rotor outside of the ship and with the ship in suitable Way firmly connected. It is characterized by compact design and high efficiency at higher speeds out. The design of the turbomachine is particularly suitable also for the implementation as a controllable drive.

Es handelt sich um eine Axial- oder Diagonalpumpe bestehend aus Laufrad (auch Impeller genannt) und Leitrad. Diese Pumpe ist mit einem als Düse ausgestalteten Gehäuse ummantelt. Das Problem bei hohen Geschwindigkeiten und niedrigen Tauchtiefen ist die extreme Kavitationsgefährdung von hochbelasteten Propellern. Beim erfindungsgemäßen Triebwerk wird im Düseneintritt Strömung aufgestaut, praktisch das Druckniveau extrem erhöht, um die Unterschreitung des Dampfdrucks weitestgehend zu unterbinden.It is an axial or diagonal pump impeller (also called impeller) and stator. This pump is sheathed with a designed as a nozzle housing. The Problem at high speeds and low diving depths is the extreme cavitation hazard of highly loaded propellers. The engine according to the invention is in the nozzle inlet Flow dammed up, practically the pressure level extreme Increased to the underrun of the vapor pressure as far as possible to prevent.

Das bedeutet, dass die Strömung vorteilhafterweise durch die Formgebung der Ummantelung (Wölbung) und/oder die Querschnittsverteilung bis zum Laufrad hin verzögert wird. Es kann von einem Eintrittsdiffusor gesprochen werden. Das anschließende Leitrad lenkt die tangentialen Geschwindigkeitsanteile des Laufradstrahles um (Entdrallung). Im weiteren Düsenverlauf wird die Strömung auf die Austrittsgeschwindigkeit beschleunigt, die u.a. die Höhe der Einsatzgeschwindigkeit des Systems bestimmt.This means that the flow is advantageously through the Shaping the shape (curvature) and / or the cross-sectional distribution is delayed until the impeller. It can be spoken by an entrance diffuser. The following Guide wheel directs the tangential velocity components of the impeller jet by (decoupling). In the further nozzle course the flow is accelerated to the exit velocity, the u.a. the amount of system deployment speed certainly.

Für die Dimensionierung des Systems wird die Laufradgröße von den geforderten Leistungsdaten und den Kavitationsbedingungen bestimmt. Bei gleichem Schub muß ein kleineres Laufrad eine größere Drehzahl haben, welche jedoch durch den gegebenen Zulaufdruck begrenzt ist. Dadurch wird auch der Minimaldurchmesser des Laufrades gegeben. Der Laufraddurchmesser bestimmt die Hauptabmessungen des Triebwerkes und diese wiederum sind neben der Form bestimmend für den Widerstand des Antriebes, um den die Vortriebskraft vermindert wird. For sizing the system, the impeller size of the required performance data and the cavitation conditions certainly. For the same thrust, a smaller impeller must be one have higher speed, which, however, by the given inlet pressure is limited. This also makes the minimum diameter given the impeller. The impeller diameter determined the main dimensions of the engine and these in turn are next to the form determining for the resistance of the drive to the propulsive force is reduced.

Das notwendige Nabenverhältnis (das ist das Verhältnis des Laufraddurchmessers zum Nabendurchmesser) von etwa 0,5 führt dazu, dass in der Nabe ein Elektromotor verwendet werden kann. Dieser sollte dabei eine große Leistungsdichte besitzen, was insbesondere durch einen permanenterregten Synchronmotor in Longitudinalflußbauweise verwirklicht werden kann. Die im Motor entstehende Verlustwärme kann direkt über die Nabenoberfläche ins Wasser abgegeben werden, wobei eine Bauweise mit eingeschrumpftem Motor sehr vorteilhaft ist.The necessary hub ratio (that is the ratio of the Impeller diameter to hub diameter) of about 0.5 in addition to that in the hub an electric motor can be used. This should have a high power density, which in particular by a permanent-magnet synchronous motor in Longitudinalflußbauweise can be realized. The in the engine resulting heat loss can directly over the hub surface be discharged into the water, with a construction with shrunk motor is very beneficial.

Von besonderer Problematik ist die Kennlinie unter Berücksichtigung folgender Kriterien.
   Schmales Gebiet optimalen Wirkungsgrades, starker Abfall des Wirkungsgrades außerhalb des Betriebspunktes;
   Anfahren ist bei großen Einheiten praktisch nicht möglich, weil der erforderliche Staudruck und/oder der Schub fehlt. Bei konventionellen Waterjets wird das Problem dadurch gelöst, dass die eigentlichen Antriebe durch kleinere Antriebe zum Anfahren ergänzt werden.Of particular difficulty is the characteristic under consideration of the following criteria.
Narrow area of optimal efficiency, large drop in efficiency outside the operating point;
Start-up is practically impossible with large units because the required dynamic pressure and / or thrust is missing. In conventional waterjets, the problem is solved by the fact that the actual drives are supplemented by smaller drives for starting.

Bei Anwendungen mit variablem Fahrregime, wie unterschiedliche Beladungszustände und/oder unterschiedliche Fahrgeschwindigkeiten, kommt es beim Propeller zu anderen Anströmwinkeln am Blatt und zu Verschiebungen im Freifahrtdiagramm in der Regel zu ungünstigeren Wirkungsgraden. Bei der Pumpe führt das zu Verschiebungen des Arbeitspunktes. Die sogenannte Drosselkurve ist die Kennlinie der Pumpe. Mit zunehmendem Volumenstrom (Durchsatz) sinkt die spezifische Stutzenarbeit (Förderhöhe). Mit zunehmender Fahrgeschwindigkeit nimmt der Widerstand des anzutreibenden Schiffes zu. Die Austrittsgeschwindigkeit muß ebenfalls zunehmen. Die Verschiebung des Pumpenarbeitspunktes wirkt damit dem Bedarf entgegen. For applications with variable driving regime, such as different Loading conditions and / or different driving speeds, it comes to the propeller to other angles of attack on Sheet and to shifts in the free-ride diagram usually to less favorable efficiencies. This leads to the pump Shifts of the working point. The so-called throttle curve is the characteristic of the pump. With increasing volume flow (Throughput) decreases the specific nozzle work (head). As the driving speed increases, the resistance of the to be driven to. The exit velocity must also increase. The displacement of the pump working point thus counteracts the need.

Wichtig ist in der Betrachtung des Problems die Umsetzung der gesamten spezifischen Stutzenarbeit in Vortriebsschub. Die Fahrgeschwindigkeit liefert dabei eine zusätzliche Druckhöhe, die sich mit der Förderhöhe der Pumpe superpositioniert. Durch entsprechende Gestaltung des Eintritts (Ansaugbereich) soll ein möglichst hoher Anteil dieser "Geschwindigkeitsdruckhöhe" ausgenutzt werden.Important in the consideration of the problem is the implementation of the entire specific neck work in propulsive thrust. The Driving speed provides an additional pressure level, which is superpositioned with the delivery height of the pump. By appropriate design of the inlet (intake) should the highest possible proportion of this "speed head" be exploited.

Um über den gesamten Geschwindigkeits- und Belastungsbereich eines Schiffes einen optimalen Wirkungsgrad zu erhalten, ist es erforderlich, die Kennlinie der Pumpe anzupassen, indem der Austrittsquerschnitt jeweils den geschwindigkeitsabhängig unterschiedlichen Druckhöhen angepaßt wird.To over the entire speed and load range a ship to obtain optimal efficiency is it is necessary to adjust the characteristic of the pump by the Outlet cross section in each case the speed-dependent different Pressure levels is adjusted.

Die Gestaltung des Einlaufs bei konventionellen Wasserstrahlantrieben (im Rumpf integriert) führt zu Problemen hinsichtlich der Umlenkungen und dem Vorhandensein einer Antriebswelle im Saugkanal. Ablösungen und Kavitation sind die Folgen, die insbesondere beim Anfahren und Beschleunigen zu Vibrationen, Geräuschen und Schubabfall führen. Es ist üblich, diese beim Anfahren wichtigen Bereiche der Kennlinie zu sperren.The design of the inlet for conventional waterjet drives (integrated in the fuselage) causes problems the deflections and the presence of a drive shaft in the suction channel. Detachment and cavitation are the consequences especially when starting and accelerating to vibrations, Noise and waste. It is common for this Approach important areas of the characteristic lock.

Im Falle des erfindungsgemäßen Antriebes ist eine weitgehend freie Zuströmung realisiert, weil der Antrieb außerhalb des Schiffsrumpfes ohne die Strömung störende Teile auskommt.In the case of the drive according to the invention is a largely Free inflow realized because the drive outside of the Hull without the flow disturbing parts gets along.

Die konventionellen Waterjets saugen aus der Grenzschicht an. Der erfindungsgemäße Antrieb kann grundsätzlich tiefer positioniert werden, um eine höhere Geschwindigkeitshöhe verarbeiten zu können. Mehr Bauteile und größere Oberflächen bedeuten allerdings auch einen höheren Widerstand, was insbesondere bei höheren Geschwindigkeiten zu Buche schlägt. The conventional waterjets absorb from the boundary layer. The drive according to the invention can generally be positioned deeper be to process a higher speed altitude to be able to. More components and larger surfaces mean but also a higher resistance, which is especially true higher speeds beats.

Durch verstellbare Schaufeln des Laufrades und/oder Leitrades sowie einer Vordralleinrichtung mit verstellbaren Schaufeln kann die Kennlinie des Systems verändert werden. Eine Vordralleinrichtung macht insbesondere Sinn, wenn gleichzeitig eine verstellbare Düsenaustrittsfläche vorgesehen wird.By adjustable blades of the impeller and / or stator as well as a pre-rack device with adjustable blades the characteristic curve of the system can be changed. A predilection device makes sense especially if at the same time an adjustable nozzle exit surface is provided.

Durch mehrstufige Systeme mit gegenläufigen Laufrädern wird die spezifische Stutzenarbeit und damit die Belastung auf mehrere Stufen aufgeteilt. Damit erhöht sich die Kavitationssicherheit, weil die einzelne Stufe weniger belastet ist. Der Restdrall wird bereits in der zweiten Stufe durch Gegenlauf nahezu vollständig abgebaut sein. Das verlustbehaftete Leitrad wird in diesem Fall nicht benötigt.By multi-stage systems with counter-rotating wheels is the specific nozzle work and thus the load on several Divided stages. This increases the cavitation safety, because the single stage is less loaded. Of the Restdrall is already in the second stage by mating be almost completely degraded. The lossy stator is not needed in this case.

Es bieten sich verschiedene Konzepte an, den Elektromotor zu integrieren. Er kann derart gestaltet sein, dass das Außenteil des E-Motors hier den umlaufenden Rotor darstellt, der mit einem Laufrad verbunden ist. Das Innenteil des E-Motors steht fest (Stator des E-Motors) und ist die Achse, auf dem der Rotor gelagert ist (Wälzlager, Gleitlager). Diese Achse kann vor und nach dem Rotor mit der Düse (dem Düseninnenmantel) über strömungsgünstig geformte Streben verbunden werden. Besonders vorteilhaft ist es dabei, diese Streben als Leiteinrichtungen (Vorleit- und Leitrad) zu gestalten, um Strömungsverluste zu minimieren.Various concepts are available, the electric motor too integrate. It can be designed such that the outer part of the electric motor here represents the revolving rotor, with a Impeller is connected. The inner part of the electric motor is fixed (stator of the electric motor) and is the axis on which the rotor is stored (rolling bearings, plain bearings). This axis can be before and after the rotor with the nozzle (the nozzle inner shell) over aerodynamically shaped struts are connected. Especially It is advantageous in this case, these struts as a guide (Vorleit- and stator) to make flow losses minimize.

Der Elektromotor kann aber auch so integriert sein, dass sein Außenteil steht (Stator, wie üblich) und das Innenteil (Rotor) sich dreht. Der Stator wird wieder über Streben mit dem Antrieb verbunden, die vorteilhafterweise das Leitrad darstellen. Das Laufrad ist mit dem Rotor verbunden und kann sich über den Stator erstrecken, so dass der Motor länger bauen kann. Die Lagerung kann derart gestaltet sein, dass sie sich vollständig hinter oder vor dem Laufrad befindet (fliegende Lagerung) oder dass das Laufrad vor und hinter dem Laufrad gelagert ist (Gabellagerung).The electric motor can also be integrated so that Outer part is (stator, as usual) and the inner part (rotor) turns. The stator will again be striving with the drive connected, which advantageously represent the stator. The impeller is connected to the rotor and can extend over the stator, allowing the engine to build longer can. The storage can be designed so that they themselves completely located behind or in front of the wheel (flying Storage) or that the impeller stored in front of and behind the impeller is (fork storage).

Die elektrische Energie, Signale und Kühlmedien können in den Flügeln (hohl) eines Leitrades zugeführt werden.The electrical energy, signals and cooling media can in the Wings (hollow) of a stator are supplied.

Die Verstelleinrichtung der Leitflügel kann derart sein, dass der Leitflügel mehrteilig ist mit feststehenden Teilen und einem oder mehreren beweglichen Teilen. Die Kraftübertragung (Schub, Torsionsmoment) würde dann über die feststehenden Teile erfolgen und die Lagerung der zu verstellenden Teile nicht belasten.The adjustment of the guide vanes may be such that the guide wing is multipartite with fixed parts and one or more moving parts. The power transmission (Thrust, torsional moment) would then pass over the fixed parts done and the storage of the parts to be adjusted strain.

Da der Düsenaußenmantel zur Minimierung des Widerstandes mit möglichst geringem Durchmesser ausgeführt werden sollte, kann die Verstelleinrichtung der Leitflügel in die Nabe verlegt werden, wo ausreichend Platz besteht. Die Verstellung kann über Hebel hydraulisch, pneumatich oder elektrisch erfolgen. Die Zuführung der notwendigen Energie kann innerhalb der Leitflügel erfolgen.Since the nozzle outer sheath to minimize the resistance with should be performed as small a diameter as possible moved the adjustment of the guide vanes in the hub be where there is enough space. The adjustment can hydraulically, pneumatically or electrically via levers. The supply of necessary energy can be within the guide vanes respectively.

Die Verstellung der Düse kann vorteilhaft derart gelöst werden, dass aus der Nabenkontur ein Profilkörper axial in seiner Position derart verstellt wird, dass sich der Düsenaustrittsquerschnitt verändert. Eine Teleskopverkleidung verhindert dabei eine Ablösung oder Wirbel der Strömung.The adjustment of the nozzle can advantageously be solved in such a way that from the hub contour a profile body axially in his Position is adjusted so that the nozzle outlet cross-section changed. A telescopic cover prevents this a detachment or vortex of flow.

Eine Steuerung durch Ablenkung des Schubes an einer Platte im Düsenaustritt ist einfach aber bei kleinen Relativgeschwindigkeiten nicht sehr wirkungsvoll. Das Schwenken des Düsenaustritts ist nahezu gleichbedeutend mit dem Richten des Gesamtschubes. Das Schwenken des gesamten Antriebes ist für niedrige Geschwindigkeiten die beste Lösung. Zum Kurshalten bei höheren Geschwindigkeiten ist eine eingeschränkte Schwenkbarkeit des Gesaintantriebes, kombiniert mit Zusatzflaps (die am Antrieb befestigt sind und durch ihre Schwenkbarkeit ein Steuern bei kleinen Winkeln ermöglichen, ohne den Antrieb zu schwenken), einseitig kontrolliertem Strömungsabriß (Einbringung von Luft oder elektromagnetischer Energie) oder einfacher Düsenklappe eine Lösung.A control by deflecting the thrust on a plate in the Nozzle exit is easy but at low relative speeds not very effective. The pivoting of the nozzle outlet is almost synonymous with judging the total thrust. The pivoting of the entire drive is for low speeds the best solution. To course at higher speeds is a limited pivoting of the Gesaintantriebes, combined with Zusatzflaps (the are attached to the drive and a by their pivoting Allow control at small angles without the drive too pivoting), one-sided controlled stall (introduction of air or electromagnetic energy) or easier Nozzle flap a solution.

Zur Reduzierung des Zusatzwiderstandes des Antriebs selbst muß eine Formoptimierung erfolgen. Weiterhin ist das Einbringen von Luft zur Reduzierung der Oberflächenreibung am Außenmantel eine Möglichkeit.To reduce the additional resistance of the drive itself must a shape optimization done. Furthermore, the introduction of air to reduce surface friction on the outer jacket a possibility.

Zusammenfassend kann insoweit ausgeführt werden, dass der erfindungsgemäße Schiffsantrieb aus einer außerhalb des Rumpfes angeordneten Antriebseinheit besteht, die sich aus einer Gondel mit integriertem Elektromotor bildet, der ein bzw. mehrere nacheinander geschaltete Laufräder (Pumpenlaufräder) in gleich- oder gegenläufiger Drehrichtung direkt antreibt, wobei nach, vor oder zwischen dem Laufrad oder den Laufrädern ein Leitrad angeordnet ist sowie Laufrad und Leiträder durch ein Gehäuse ummantelt sind, dessen Querschnitt sich vom Eintritt bis zur Ebene des ersten Laufrades stetig erweitert und sich anschließend auf einen einstellbaren Querschnitt verändert, die zusammen mit einem einstellbaren Vorleitrad im Ansaugteil eine dynamische Kennlinie ermöglicht, die eine Anpassung an die unterschiedlichsten Betriebsbedingungen ermöglicht. In summary, it can be stated that the invention Ship propulsion from outside the hull arranged drive unit consists of a gondola with integrated electric motor, the one or more consecutively connected impellers (pump impellers) in the same or opposite direction directly drives, being after, in front of or between the impeller or the impellers a stator is arranged and impeller and Diffusers are encased by a housing whose cross-section continuous from the entrance to the level of the first impeller extended and then to an adjustable cross-section changed, which together with an adjustable Vorleitrad allows a dynamic characteristic in the intake part, an adaptation to a wide variety of operating conditions allows.

Die wesentlichen Vorteile der Erfindung sind

  • höherer Wirkungsgrad als herkömmliche Propulsoren,
  • Leistungsdichte, da die strömungsgeometrisch erforderliche große Nabe einen Motor großen Drehmomentes ermöglicht,
  • niedrigere Druckimpulse als ein Propellersystem, da der Impulserzeuger durch die Düse gekapselt ist,
  • kompakte Bauweise, geringer Durchmesser,
  • eingeschränkte Steuerung und Vollsteuerung möglich,
  • dynamische Kennlinie ermöglicht Anpassung an unterschiedliche Betriebsbedingungen.
The main advantages of the invention are
  • higher efficiency than conventional propulsors,
  • Power density, because the required large flow geometrically large hub allows a motor of high torque,
  • lower pressure pulses than a propeller system, since the pulse generator is encapsulated by the nozzle,
  • compact design, small diameter,
  • limited control and full control possible,
  • dynamic characteristic allows adaptation to different operating conditions.

Nachfolgend wird ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung anhand der Zeichnung beschrieben. In der Zeichnung ist Fig. 1 ein erfindungsgemäßer Wasserstrahlantrieb als Mittellängsschnitt dargestellt, Fig. 2 ist ein Ausschnitt aus Figur 1 in größerer Darstellung und Fig. 3 ist die Erläuterung einer gegenüber Fig. 1 anderen Ausführungsform.An embodiment of the invention will be described below described the drawing. In the drawing, Fig. 1 is an inventive Water jet drive as a central longitudinal section Fig. 2 is a detail of Figure 1 in larger Representation and Fig. 3 is the explanation of one opposite Fig. 1 different embodiment.

Der gesamte Antrieb ist in einem Gehäuse 1 angeordnet, an dessen durch eine Leiteinrichtung 2 gekennzeichneten Einlaß sich ein Abschnitt 3 anschließt, dessen Querschnitt sich bis zum Laufrad 4, das gegebenenfalls das erste von mehreren Laufrädern ist, stetig erweitert. An diesen Abschnitt 3 des Gehäuses 1 schließt sich ein Abschnitt 5 an, dessen Querschnitt veränderbar ist, grundsätzlich jedoch zum Auslaß 6 hin kleiner wird. Zwischen den Abschnitten 3 und 5 ist ein Befestigungsflansch 7 dem Gehäuse 1 fest zugeordnet, mit dem der gesamte Antrieb außen am Schiffsrumpf 100 zu befestigen ist. Gegebenenfalls kann die Befestigung am Schiffsrumpf derart sein, dass der gesamte Antrieb um die vertikale Längsachse 8 des Befestigungsflansches 7 um bis zu 360° schwenkbar ist, sodass er nicht nur dem Vortrieb, sondern auch der Steuerung (Bestimmung der Fahrtrichtung) des Schiffes dienen kann. Die Längsachse 8 des Flansches 7 ist senkrecht zur Längsachse 9 des Gehäuses 1 gerichtet. Um die Gehäuselängsachse 9 drehbar ist das gegebenenfalls einzige Laufrad 4 im Gehäuse 1 angeordnet. Der Antrieb des Laufrades 4 erfolgt mit einem Elektromotor, dessen Stator 11 innen, dessen Rotor 12 außen liegt. Vor und hinter dem Laufrad 4 bzw. dem Motor 11, 12 ist der Rotor 12 in Lagern 13, 14 um seine Längsachse 9 drehbar gelagert. Dem Laufrad 4 vorgeschaltet ist die Leitvorrichtung 2, die mittels einer Verstelleinrichtung 15 verstellbar ist. Vor der Leitvorrichtung 2 ist die strömungsgünstig ausgebildete Nabenkappe 16 angeordnet. Ein mit einer Verstelleinrichtung 17 verstellbar zweiter Leitapparat 18 ist dem Laufrad 4 nachgeschaltet. Im abströmseitigen Bereich des Gehäuses 1 ist eine Verstelleinrichtung 19 für die Veränderung des als Abströmdüse ausgebildeten Teiles des Gehäuses 1 bezüglich ihres Querschnitts angeordnet und sie schließt vorzugsweise eine Kolben-Zylinder-Einrichtung ein.The entire drive is arranged in a housing 1, at whose characterized by a guide 2 inlet itself a section 3 connects, the cross section is up to Impeller 4, which may be the first of several wheels is, constantly expanding. At this section 3 of the housing 1 is followed by a section 5, whose Cross-section is variable, but in principle to the outlet 6th gets smaller. Between sections 3 and 5 is a mounting flange 7 fixedly assigned to the housing 1, with the entire drive outside the hull 100 is to be attached. Optionally, the attachment to the hull in such a way be that the entire drive about the vertical longitudinal axis. 8 of the mounting flange 7 is pivotable up to 360 °, so he not only the propulsion, but also the control (Determining the direction of travel) of the ship can serve. The Longitudinal axis 8 of the flange 7 is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. 9 directed to the housing 1. Rotatable about the housing longitudinal axis 9 If necessary, the only impeller 4 is arranged in the housing 1. The drive of the impeller 4 takes place with an electric motor, the stator 11 inside, the rotor 12 is located outside. In front and behind the impeller 4 and the motor 11, 12 is the rotor 12 in bearings 13, 14 rotatably mounted about its longitudinal axis 9. The impeller 4 is preceded by the guide device 2, the by means of an adjusting device 15 is adjustable. Before the Guide 2 is the aerodynamically designed hub cap 16 arranged. An adjustable with an adjustment 17 second nozzle 18 is connected downstream of the impeller 4. In the downstream area of the housing 1 is a Adjustment device 19 for the change of the discharge nozzle formed part of the housing 1 with respect to its cross section arranged and preferably includes a piston-cylinder device one.

Ist der Motor, wie dargestellt, so ausgebildet, dass das Aussenteil der Rotor 12 und das Innenteil der Stator 11 ist, so wirkt der Rotor 11 auf das zumindest eine Laufrad 4 ein und der Stator 12 ist mit strömungsgünstig ausgebildeten Streben vor und hinter den Laufrädern am Gehäuse 1 befestigt.Is the engine, as shown, designed so that the outer part the rotor 12 and the inner part of the stator 11 is so the rotor 11 acts on the at least one impeller 4 and the stator 12 is formed with streamlined struts attached to the housing 1 in front of and behind the wheels.

Die Leiteinrichtung 2 besteht aus zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Teilen 2a, 2b, von denen der vordere Teil 2a zwischen Gehäuse 1 und bestehender Kappe 16 fest angeordnet ist. Dieser vordere Teil 2a der Leiteinrichtung 2 ist ein Leitgitter mit feststehenden Schaufeln, die so eingestellt sind, dass eine Grobausrichtung der den Antrieb anströmenden Strömung über den gesamten Betriebsbereich erreicht wird. Er dient der Stabilisierung des Gehäuses 1 im Anströmbereich 3. Auf das feste Leitgitter 2a folgt als zweiter Teil der Leiteinrichtung 2b, mit um ihre Längsachsen 21 schwenkbaren Verstellschaufeln. Mit dem zweiten Teil 2b der Leiteinrichtung 2 erfolgt die betriebszustandsbedingte Feinausrichtung der den Antrieb anströmenden Strömung. Die Verstellschaufeln 10 sind mit ihren zapfenartigen Schaufelfüßen 20 um ihre Längsachsen 21 schwenkbar durch die Nabenkappe 16 hindurchgeführt und der Verstelleinrichtung 15 zugeordnet, die von an sich bekannter Art sein kann.The guide 2 consists of two consecutive Parts 2a, 2b, of which the front part 2a between housing 1 and existing cap 16 is fixed. This front Part 2a of the guide 2 is a guide grid with fixed Shovels that are set to a coarse direction the flow flowing to the drive over the entire Operating range is reached. He serves the stabilization of the housing 1 in the inflow region 3. On the fixed guide grid 2a follows as a second part of the guide 2b, with their Longitudinal axes 21 pivotable adjusting blades. With the second Part 2b of the guide 2 is the operating condition-related Fine alignment of the inflowing the drive Flow. The adjusting blades 10 are with their pin-like Blade feet 20 pivotable about their longitudinal axes 21 the hub cap 16 passed and the adjustment 15 assigned, which may be of a known type.

Die Änderung des Querschnittes des als sich verengende Auslaßdüse ausgebildeten, an den sich erweiternden Gehäuseeinlaßteil 3 des Gehäuses 1 anschließenden Endteils 5 des Gehäuses 1 erfolgt mit einem in der Richtung der Längsachse 9 des Antriebes translatorisch verstellbaren, symmetrisch zur Achse 9 ausgebildeten Kegel 25 mit konvex gewölbter Umfangsfläche. Der größere Querschnitt dieses als "Abströmkappe" zu bezeichnenden Bauteiles ist dem einlaßseitigen Ende des vom Gehäuse 1 umschlossenen Strömungskanals 26 zugewandt, während die Kegelspitze dem auslaßseitigen Ende des Strömungskanals 26 und der Auslaßebene 6 zugewandt ist. Der axialen Verstellung der Abströmkappe 25 dient die Verstelleinrichtung 19, deren eines seiner wesentlichen Teile ein symmetrisch zur Achse 9 im Gehäuse 1 mit geeigneten Mitteln gehaltener Zylinder 23 ist, aus dessen dem Gehäuseauslaß zugewandten Ende ein im Zylinder 23 durch hydraulisches Druckmittel translatorisch verstellbarer Verstellkolben 24 als ein anderes der wesentlichen Teile der Verstelleinrichtung herausgeführt ist und dessen freies Ende mit der Abströmkappe 25 fest verbunden ist. Um die Wirbelbildung im Strömungskanal 20 im Bereich der Verstelleinrichtung 19 zu minimieren, ist eine symmetrisch zum Verstellkolben 24 bzw. zur Antriebslängsachse 9 angeordnete Teleskopverkleidung 28 vorgesehen, deren eines Ende dem fest im Gehäuse 1 angeordneten Verstellzylinder 23 und deren anderes Ende fest der gegenüber dem Gehäuse 1 verstellbaren Abströmkappe 25 zugeordnet ist.The change of the cross-section of the narrowing as outlet nozzle trained, to the widening housing inlet part 3 of the housing 1 subsequent end portion 5 of the housing 1 takes place with one in the direction of the longitudinal axis 9 of the drive translationally adjustable, formed symmetrically to the axis 9 Cone 25 with convexly curved peripheral surface. Of the larger cross section of this as "outflow cap" to be designated Components is the inlet side end of the housing 1 enclosed Flow channel 26 faces, while the apex the outlet end of the flow channel 26 and the Auslaßebene 6 faces. The axial adjustment of the discharge cap 25 is the adjustment 19, one of which its essential parts symmetrical to the axis 9 in the housing 1 held by suitable means cylinder 23, from whose housing outlet facing the end of a cylinder 23rd by hydraulic pressure means translatorisch adjustable Adjusting piston 24 as another of the essential parts of Adjustment is brought out and the free end is firmly connected to the discharge cap 25. To the vortex formation in the flow channel 20 in the region of the adjusting device 19 is a symmetrical to the adjusting piston 24th or to the drive longitudinal axis 9 arranged telescopic cover 28 is provided, one end of which is fixedly arranged in the housing 1 Adjusting cylinder 23 and the other end fixed the opposite assigned to the housing 1 adjustable Abströmkappe 25 is.

In der Zeichnung ist die Abströmkappe 25 in ihren beiden Endstellungen dargestellt. Im unteren Teil der Fig. 1 ist die Abströmkappe in ihrer äußeren Endstellung dargestellt, in der sie sich mit ihrem inneren Ende mit dem größeren Durchmesser in der Düsen- bzw. Gehäuseendebene 6, im übrigen im wesentlichen außerhalb des Gehäuses 1 befindet, sodass der kleinste ringförmige Auslaßquerschnitt des Strömungskanals 26 bestimmt ist. Im oberen Teil der Fig. 1 ist die Abströmkappe 25 in ihrer inneren Endstellung dargestellt, in der sie sich mit ihrem äußeren spitzen Ende in der Düsen- bzw. Gehäuseendebene 6 und im wesentlichen innerhalb des Gehäuses befindet, sodass der größte ringförmige Auslaßquerschnitt des Strömungskanals 26 bestimmt ist.In the drawing, the discharge cap 25 is in its two end positions shown. In the lower part of Fig. 1, the discharge cap represented in their outer end position, in the she with her inner end with the larger diameter in the nozzle or housing end plane 6, otherwise substantially outside the housing 1, so the smallest annular outlet cross-section of the flow channel 26 determined is. In the upper part of Fig. 1, the discharge cap 25 is in her represented in the inner end position, in which she is with her outer tip end in the nozzle or housing end plane 6 and essentially located within the housing, so that the largest annular outlet cross section of the flow channel 26th is determined.

Durch sinnvolles Verstellen des Einlaßleitkranzteiles 2b und der Abströmkappe 25 kann dafür gesorgt werden, dass für das den Strömungskanal 26 des Antriebes durchströmende Wasser optimale Strömungsverhältnisse in jedem Betriebszustand gewährleistet werden können, insbesondere unter Berücksichtigung der Drehzahl des Laufrades 4.By meaningful adjustment of the Einlaßleitkranzteiles 2b and the outflow cap 25 can be ensured that for the the flow channel 26 of the drive water flowing through optimal Ensures flow conditions in each operating condition particular, taking into account the Speed of the impeller 4.

So wie die Ausbildung der Verstelleinrichtung 15 und der Einlaßleiteinrichtung 2 für die Bestimmung des Einlaßdüsenquerschnittes beispielhaft ist, ist auch die Ausbildung der Verstelleinrichtung 19 mit dem verstellbaren Kegel 25 für die Bestimmung des Aulaßdüsenquerschnitts nur beispielhaft, was der Fachmann auf dem einschlägigen Gebiet leicht erkennen kann. An die Stelle des starren Auslaßdüsenaußenteiles und der ihm gegenüber verstellbaren Abströmkappe können beispielsweise Düsenteile schwenkbar am Gehäuse 1 gelagert sein, die sich zur Verringerung des Düsenquerschnitts mehr, zur Vergrößerung des Düsenquerschnitts, weniger aber immer noch zur Gewährleistung der Führung der Fluidströmung ausreichend überdecken; Fig. 3 zeigt eine von mehreren Düsenklappen 25a, die in Gelenken 29 am Gehäuse 1 angelenkt und diesem gegenüber in Richtung des Doppelpfeiles 30 zu verschwenken sind.As well as the design of the adjusting device 15 and the inlet guide 2 for the determination of the inlet nozzle cross-section is exemplary, is also the training of the adjustment 19 with the adjustable cone 25 for the determination the Aulaßdüsenquerschnitts only by way of example, what the Those skilled in the art can easily recognize. At the location of the rigid outlet nozzle exterior and that opposite it adjustable discharge cap, for example, nozzle parts pivotally mounted on the housing 1, which is to Reduction of the nozzle cross-section more, to increase the Nozzle cross section, but less still to guarantee sufficiently cover the guide of the fluid flow; Fig. 3 shows one of a plurality of nozzle flaps 25a, which in joints 29 hinged to the housing 1 and this opposite in the direction of Double arrows 30 are to be pivoted.

Eine beispielsweise Verstellvorrichtung für den zweiten Teil 2b der Einlaßleitvorrichtung 2 ergibt sich aus Fig. 2. Es ist der erste Leitschaufelkranz 2a mit seinen festen Leitschaufeln zu erkennen, durch dessen hohle Schaufeln Leitungen 31 für die Zuführung von hydraulischem Arbeitsmittel zu Zuleitungen 32 und weiter zum symmetrisch zur Antriebslängsachse 9 angeordneten Verstellzylinder 33 für die Verstellung des im Verstellzylinder 33 angeordneten Verstellkolbens 34 hindurchgeführt sind. Der Verstellkolben 34 wirkt entgegen der Wirkung einer vorgespannten Wickelfeder 35 auf eine Zahnstange 36, die wiederum mit einem Zahnrad 37 auf dem zapfenartigen Fuß 20 der jeweiligen Verstellschaufel des Schaufelkranzes 2b einwirkt, dessen Schaufeln um ihre Längsachsen 21 verstellt bzw. geschwenkt werden sollen. In die als Ansichten dargestellten Schaufeln der Schaufelkränze 2a, 2b sind deren beispielsweisen Querschnitte eingezeichnet. An ihren oberen Enden sind die Leitschaufeln 10 des zweiten, einstellbaren Leitschaufelkranzes 2b mit Zapfen 2c im Gehäuse 1 gelagert (Schwenkbewegung gemäß Doppelpfeil 101). An example adjusting device for the second part 2b of the inlet guide 2 results from FIG. 2. It is the first vane ring 2a with its fixed vanes to recognize, through its hollow vanes lines 31 for the Supply of hydraulic working fluid to supply lines 32 and further arranged symmetrically to the drive longitudinal axis 9 Adjusting cylinder 33 for the adjustment of the adjusting cylinder 33 arranged adjusting piston 34 passed are. The adjusting piston 34 counteracts the action of a prestressed coil spring 35 on a rack 36, which in turn with a gear 37 on the pin-like foot 20 of the respective adjusting vane of the blade ring 2b acts, whose blades are adjusted or pivoted about their longitudinal axes 21 should be. In the views shown as views Blades of the blade rings 2a, 2b are their example Cross sections drawn. At their upper ends are the Guide vanes 10 of the second adjustable vane ring 2b with pin 2c mounted in the housing 1 (pivoting movement according to double arrow 101).

Der Strömungskanal 26 hat vorzugsweise einen zumindest im wesentlichen kreisringförmigen Querschnitt, obwohl seine Ovalform nicht ausgeschlossen werden soll. Insbesondere kann der Einlauf zur Vermeidung des Ansaugens von Fremdkörpern durch Bildung eines Ansaugwirbels bei ansonsten kreisringförmigem Strömungskanal 26 abgeflacht bzw. oval ausgebildet sein.The flow channel 26 preferably has one at least substantially circular in cross-section, although its oval shape should not be excluded. In particular, the Inlet to prevent the ingestion of foreign bodies by Formation of an intake vortex with otherwise annular Flow channel 26 may be flattened or oval.

Claims (22)

  1. A drive intended for, and disposed outside the hull of, a vessel in order to achieve a high speed of travel, comprising a housing around which the ambient water flows, an electric motor (11, 12) disposed in the housing (1) and having at least one impeller (4) effecting the propulsion of the vessel and connected to the rotatable part of the electric motor consisting of a rotatable part and a stationary part, the electric motor stationary part being connected to the housing by struts, and with an adjustable diffuser (2) disposed upstream and an adjustable diffuser (25, 25a) disposed downstream of the at least one impeller (4), characterised in that the adjustable diffuser (2) upstream of the impeller (4) is disposed in the flow duct portion (3) which increases continuously in cross-section towards the impeller (4), and is formed by guide blades (2b) which are pivotable about axes (21) directed perpendicularly to the rotational axis (9) of the impeller (4), while the diffuser downstream of the impeller (4) serves to regulate the flow duct in such manner that it is variable, basically, however, becomes increasingly smaller towards the flow duct outlet.
  2. A drive according to claim 1, characterised in that at least one electric motor (11, 12) drives the impeller or impellers (4), the outer part of which motor constitutes the rotor (12) on which the impeller or impellers are fixed, and the inner part of which motor constitutes the stator (11) which is fixed on the nozzle inner casing by streamlined struts upstream of and downstream of the impeller or impellers.
  3. A drive according to claim 1, characterised in that at least one electric motor drives the impeller or impellers (4), the inner part of which motor constitutes the rotor which drives the impeller or impellers and the outer part of which motor constitutes the stator which is fixed on the nozzle inner casing by streamlined struts.
  4. A drive according to any one or more of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the electric motor or motors (11, 12) are asynchronous motors.
  5. A drive according to any one or more of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the electric motor or motors are permanently energised synchronous motors.
  6. A drive according to any one or more of claims 1, 3, 4, 5, characterised in that the struts constitute part of the diffuser device.
  7. A drive according to any one or more of claims 1, 2, 4, 5, characterised in that the struts constitute parts of a pre-diffuser device and an actual diffuser device.
  8. A drive according to any one or more of claims 1 to 7, characterised by a combination of two contra-rotating impellers.
  9. A drive according to any one or more of claims 1 to 7, characterised by a combination of two codirectionally rotating impellers with a guide wheel disposed therebetween.
  10. A drive according to any one or more of claims 1 to 9, characterised by adjustable rotor blades of at least one impeller.
  11. A drive according to any one or more of claims 1 to 10, characterised by adjustable guide blades of at least one guide wheel.
  12. A drive according to anyone or more of claims 1 to 11, characterised in that the guide blades are multi-part and the guide blade adjustment adjusts only some of the guide blade.
  13. A drive according to any one or more of claims 1 to 12, characterised in that the nozzle (1) is pivotable through 360° about a substantially vertical axis.
  14. A drive according to claim 11, characterised by flaps fixed on the nozzle or on the strut.
  15. A drive according to any one or more of claims 1 to 14, characterised by flaps which are disposed on the nozzle (1) or on the strut (7) and which are adjustable about a substantially vertical axis.
  16. A drive according to any one or more of claims 1 to 15, characterised by the introduction of a gaseous medium in order to minimise the nozzle resistance.
  17. A drive according to any one or more of claims 1 to 16, characterised by the introduction of a gaseous medium around the strut in order to obtain a control action.
  18. A drive according to any one or more of claims 1 to 17, characterised by valves to control the variable nozzle outlet cross-section.
  19. A drive according to any one or more of claims 1 to 17, characterised by elastic elements to control the variable nozzle outlet cross-section.
  20. A drive according to any one or more of claims 1 to 17, characterised by a nozzle outlet cross-section which is variable by nozzle portions which are adjustable in respect of their overlap.
  21. A drive according to any one or more of claims 1 to 17, characterised by a nozzle outlet cross-section which is variable by axial displacement of the inner part.
  22. A drive according to any one of claims 1 to 21, characterised in that the diffuser (2) is a guide wheel with adjustable blades.
EP01984587A 2000-09-07 2001-09-07 Driving mechanism for fast watercraft Expired - Lifetime EP1315653B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10044101A DE10044101A1 (en) 2000-09-07 2000-09-07 Drive for fast watercraft
DE10044101 2000-09-07
PCT/EP2001/010356 WO2002020347A2 (en) 2000-09-07 2001-09-07 Driving mechanism disposed on the outside of the hull of a watercraft

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1315653A2 EP1315653A2 (en) 2003-06-04
EP1315653B1 true EP1315653B1 (en) 2005-04-13

Family

ID=7655310

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01984587A Expired - Lifetime EP1315653B1 (en) 2000-09-07 2001-09-07 Driving mechanism for fast watercraft

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1315653B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE293065T1 (en)
DE (2) DE10044101A1 (en)
DK (1) DK1315653T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2239684T3 (en)
PT (1) PT1315653E (en)
WO (1) WO2002020347A2 (en)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10158320A1 (en) * 2001-11-28 2003-06-18 Siemens Ag Drive system for ship has pod outside hull with central body held on flow straightening vanes and containing electric motor driving ducted propeller to produce water jet
DE102016104517A1 (en) * 2016-03-11 2017-09-14 Cooper Copter Gmbh Sheath propeller and rotary wing device
FR3068330B1 (en) * 2017-06-29 2020-12-04 Maarten Mostert HYDRAULIC PROPULSION DEVICE FORMING PROPELLER PUMP AND SHIP EQUIPPED WITH SUCH A DEVICE
CN111232175A (en) * 2020-03-24 2020-06-05 韩玉军 Electric integrated water-jet propeller

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US3214903A (en) * 1963-03-14 1965-11-02 Buehler Corp Jet boat nozzle
US3279704A (en) * 1964-05-07 1966-10-18 Buehler Corp Variable nozzle
US3387583A (en) * 1964-12-29 1968-06-11 Tamco Ltd Water jet propulsion apparatus
GB1119687A (en) * 1966-11-21 1968-07-10 Buehler Corp Watercraft propulsion pump
DE3735409C2 (en) * 1987-10-20 1996-11-28 Schottel Werft Water jet propulsion
DE3942673A1 (en) * 1989-12-22 1991-07-04 Merz Josef Water jet propulsion for marine craft - has pump with pivoting inlet guide vanes to vary water flow
JPH03213495A (en) * 1990-01-16 1991-09-18 Toshiba Corp Water jet pusher
EP0452538B1 (en) * 1990-02-06 1994-12-21 Reinhard Gabriel Jet drive for ships and airplanes and also pumps
US5545063A (en) * 1993-01-21 1996-08-13 Haynes; Hendrick W. Chambered anti-Coanda jet marine propulsion device with gaseous boundary layer for a thrust jet flow stream exhibiting staged controlled boundary layer separation properties, vessel trim adjustment, and movable thrust vector application points(s)
EP0686115A1 (en) * 1993-03-02 1995-12-13 BRANDT, Lennart Propulsion arrangement for a marine vessel
DE4440738A1 (en) * 1994-11-15 1996-05-23 Schottel Werft Ship propulsion with a prime mover in the hull and a propeller driven by the prime mover outside the hull
US5964626A (en) * 1995-08-23 1999-10-12 Outboard Marine Corporation Tractor pump jet
DE19647948A1 (en) * 1996-01-23 1997-07-24 Holger Kranert Gondola propelling system for ship or windmill
DE19627323A1 (en) * 1996-06-26 1998-01-02 Siemens Ag Ship drive with synchronous motor to be arranged in a gondola
JP3214568B2 (en) * 1996-11-07 2001-10-02 ショッテル・ジーエムビーエッチ アンド カンパニー・ケージー Double propeller propulsion system for water jet propulsion system
DE19648417A1 (en) * 1996-11-22 1998-05-28 Schottel Werft Double-propeller drive for water vessel

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE10044101A1 (en) 2002-04-04
DK1315653T3 (en) 2005-05-23
DE50105916D1 (en) 2005-05-19
PT1315653E (en) 2005-06-30
ES2239684T3 (en) 2005-10-01
WO2002020347A3 (en) 2002-06-27
ATE293065T1 (en) 2005-04-15
WO2002020347A2 (en) 2002-03-14
EP1315653A2 (en) 2003-06-04

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