EP1314682A2 - Moving device for an object, telescoping device with such a moving device and method for telescoping - Google Patents

Abstract

The press unit (5) for the transport unit (2) comprises a press cushion enclosed in a variable shape sleeve. The cushion acts as a roller bearing for the transported object (7) on top of the support (6) or transport unit. <??>The transport device (1) is used to move an object in a pre-determined direction relative to a support bracing the object on at least one side. The transport device includes at least one revolving transport unit connected to at least one coupling part (3) and at least one displacement part (4, 4). The coupling part comprises a press unit which when activated creates a drive connection between either the transport unit and the object or the transport unit and the support. The displacement part is used either to move the object and connected transport unit or to move the object relative to the transport unit connected to the support. A holder unit (8) is used to fix the object into position when the coupling part is not actuated. Independent claims are also included for (a) a telescopic system, especially a telescopic crane arm, comprising at least one of the above transport devices for moving one or more inner box parts relative to an outer box part, and (b) a telescoping method for this type of telescopic system.

Description

The invention relates to a movement device for moving an object according to the preamble of claim 1, a telescopic device such a movement device and a method for telescoping.

A variety of devices and methods are used to move objects known. This includes movement devices, particularly in the case of objects used with heavy weight, in which the movement to be performed in small sub-steps are made between which the object to be moved each placed on a support by a transport unit of the movement device or from one transport unit to another transport unit of the Movement device can be transferred, the transport units each Carry out revolving movements and after depositing or handing over the respective Return the object to its starting position and the object for the take over the next step. In the event of delivery of the goods to be moved Objects from one transport unit to another are these transport units timed to each other in their movements. This principle of movement of an object finds e.g. in so-called walking beam furnaces for thermal treatment steel powder (e.g. DE 37 44 271 A1). The as walking beam trained transport units are by eccentric drives on circular, in orbits moving in a vertical plane. When the Walking bar presses it from below against the object to be moved, lifts to this, so that there is a coupling to the object, transports it over a short distance that is a piece of circular motion in front of and behind the top The vertex corresponds and then places it on a fixed surface or transfers it to other walking beams that are clocked at different times.

In the case of a crane with a telescopic boom, which usually has a basic box a large number of inner boxes arranged one inside the other must be used One or more of the inner boxes are extended to reach the working position. Again, it is a matter of individual items, namely the Inner boxes that need to be moved. There are numerous solutions for this under the Known use of cables. For telescopic booms especially for large ones Lifting loads have become hydraulic solutions for the telescopic devices that the The inner boxes move in and out, enforced. Both So-called fully hydraulic telescopic boom is inside the telescopic boom a multi-stage according to the number of interlocking inner boxes Piston / cylinder system arranged. Because of the extremely high weight of one Such cylinder / piston systems are preferably used telescopic systems that have a much shorter maximum extension length and therefore accordingly are easier. These cylinder / piston systems couple, for example from the DE 100 04 838 A1 is known, via a special device (fuse and Locking unit) to an inner box, move it into the desired one Extend position and lock it mechanically against the next largest Inner box. Then the cylinder / piston system decouples from this inner box, moves back to the starting position and grabs the next larger inner box around it to bring it into the desired extended position. This procedure is described in the corresponding Way continues until the boom has reached its desired working length.

The object of the present invention is to provide a movement device according to the Generic term of claim 1 to further develop that they Movement of objects with great weight is suitable, but only a comparative one requires little construction. Furthermore, a telescopic system be specified, the one for actuating a telescopic device if possible has low weight and volume. Finally, a procedure for Telescoping an inner box of a telescopic system from a basic box or from an inner box directly surrounding the inner box by means of a telescopic device can be proposed.

This task is solved with regard to the movement device by the characterizing part of claim 1 specified features. Through the Features of subclaims 2 to 9 is this movement device in can advantageously be further developed. A telescopic system according to the invention has the features of independent claim 10. In subclaims 11 to 22 there are advantageous developments of this telescopic system. The The inventive method for telescoping an inner box has the features of independent claim 23. Preferred further developments of this method are specified in subclaims 24 to 27.

The movement device according to the invention for moving an object in a predetermined direction of movement relative to the object at least on one Side support edition is revolving effective with at least one first Transport unit provided, which has at least one coupling element and at least one Has feed element. The coupling element has a pressure unit, which at Activate a drive connection either between the first Transport unit and the object or if the transport unit with the moving object is carried between the first transport unit and the Establishes support (coupling), with the at least one feed element either the item along with the coupled at least a first one Transport unit or the object relative to the coupled to the support at least a first transport unit is displaceable. Furthermore, the Movement device via at least one holding unit, by means of which the object when the coupling element is not actuated against a movement counter to the predetermined one Direction of movement can be secured. According to the pressing unit of the Coupling elements of the first transport unit from a in a shape-changing envelope enclosed pressure pad formed, the pressure pad by the Press unit a roll-like storage of the object on the support or on the first transport unit can be generated.

Preferably, the feed element of the first transport unit also has one changeable envelope enclosed pressure pad. The can shape-changing envelope can be designed in principle as desired, for example as Ring cylinder or in the form of a large number of individual cylinders connected in parallel. The The feed element does not need a roller-like mounting like the pressing unit to effect. Therefore, completely different drive principles can be applied, e.g. an electric motor drive in connection with a mechanical spindle drive or an electromagnetic linear drive or the like.

The pressure pad of the pressure unit and, if necessary, the feed element of the In principle, the first transport unit can be any, in a changeable envelope enclosing fluid are formed, for example, a be pneumatic pressure pad. However, are clearly preferred because of the larger ones transmissible forces hydraulic pressure pads.

The shape-changing envelope is expediently made of a flexible, i.e. easily bendable, in particular a rubber or plastic-like material. In doing so Composite materials preferred due to the higher load capacity. It is therefore recommended the changeable shell made of a matrix material with embedded Reinforcing material, especially with embedded fiber material. Regarding the shape of this envelope has a tubular, i.e. elongated, Training proved to be particularly advantageous. The cross-sectional shape of such Hose can be of a flat, compressed shape under the influence of the Change the internal pressure of the respective pressure medium in the direction of a circular shape so that the height of the pressure pad varies from a relatively small value to a maximum value can change.

The object to be moved becomes relative by the pressure cushion of the pressing unit raised to the support, whereby by the in the shape-changing envelope enclosed pressure pads a roller-like storage is generated. The The object can therefore either move directly depending on the embodiment or roll indirectly on the pressure pad on the transport unit pressed against it. The cover of the pressure cushion is tumbled accordingly. The size of the flexing work is only a small fraction of the friction work that would have to be done if one Sliding friction would have to be achieved when moving the object. Therefore, at solution according to the invention the force to be provided by the feed element with which the Movement is carried out to be kept comparatively low.

An essential feature of the movement device according to the invention is that that the overall movement to be performed by it into a multitude of smaller ones Sub-steps is divided. The transport unit leads the substep to coupled state, decouples and then moves back into the for the next step required starting position relative to the edition or to moving object back. So that the object when it is on, for example an incline is moved, not against the intended direction of movement can slip back, a holding unit is provided, which in the simplest case by the Surface of the pad is formed. According to the individual steps of the The whole movement can be frictional or revolving positive (based on movements against the intended direction of movement) be put on. The object can therefore be due to Dead weight caused static friction after placing on the edition in this Be held in position. However, it is particularly preferred to have the holding unit in shape to execute a second transport unit, in particular a transport unit with im essentially the same training as the first transport unit. This second transport unit is alternating with the first transport unit in terms of drive technology the object or, if carried with the object, with the condition connectable. The great advantage of this solution is that during the return stroke the first transport unit already moves the object into the Desired direction of movement can be done by the second transport unit. This can practically double the effective speed of the movement.

In the simplest case, it is sufficient if the object to be moved is on its Bottom is supported by the pad. In other cases, the print run can Also enclose the object in its side areas, preferably all around or support.

The movement device according to the invention can be particularly advantageously combined in one Use the telescopic system. Such a telescopic system, which preferably as Telescopic boom is designed for a crane, has a basic box and one or several inner boxes, each in the basic box or in one of the inner boxes guided and telescopic by means of a telescopic device, ie relative to each other are movable. The telescopic device comprises at least one movement device according to the invention. Preferably, the Movement device in each case at least one first transport unit and as Holding unit at least a second transport unit. It is recommended to everyone Inner box each a movement device in the type according to the invention assigned. In this way, the use of conventional piston / cylinder systems be completely dispensed with for telescoping the inner boxes. Basically is but it is also possible to use the movement device according to the invention without individual Assignment to an inner box in the same way as in known ones To use telescopic systems, in which the inner boxes by a hydraulic cylinder can be moved, which connect to the individual inner boxes one after the other and after whose movement can decouple again.

The at least one first transport unit and the at least one second Transport unit for telescoping an inner box can be in the telescopic direction axially one behind the other either both in the area of the foot end of the telescopic Inner box or both in the area of the head end of the telescopic Inner box arranged immediately surrounding inner box or basic box become. But it is also possible to use one of these two transport units each Area of the foot end of the inner box to be telescoped and the other in each case Area of the head end of the inner box to be telescoped directly to arrange surrounding inner box or basic box or vice versa. Through the Arrangement of the transport units in the area of the ends of the inner boxes or Basic box allows the greatest possible extension length of the individual inner boxes guarantee.

Since the pressing units generate considerable compressive forces in the radial direction act on the cross-section of the inner boxes or the basic box, it is recommended for the telescopic system inner boxes with rounded, especially circular or oval cross-section to use, as these are particularly effective against denting are resistant. In many cases, however, it is necessary for other reasons or expedient to use cross-sectional shapes with partially straight walls. In In such cases it is advisable to enclose the shape-changing envelope Pressure pads of the pressure units predominantly or exclusively in the Arrange rounded areas of the cross section of the inner boxes, so those Area that is less likely to dent. It is favorable, the pressing movement run regularly in the direction from the inside to the outside allow.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the transport units each have a clamping ring, the inner and / or outer circumference under the influence of Pressure pad of the pressure unit is changeable and thus on the inner circumference or outer circumference of an inner box or basic box to form a Can create frictional engagement. Such a clamping ring, which according to the Cross-sectional shape of the respective inner box of course from the circular shape can deviate, represents the supporting body of a transport unit. Preferably, the clamping ring has on the upper seen in the telescopic direction and / or lower end face and groove-like on the inner circumference or on the outer circumference Recesses in which the sleeves of the pressure pads of the pressing unit and Feed element can be inserted. The clamping ring is usually made of an annular body a rigid material, e.g. Plastic, especially made of polyamide, which is used for Flexibility spread over its scope with numerous only over part of it Cross-sectional incisions is provided, each alternating either in radial direction from outside or inside or in axial direction (direction of movement) are guided from above or below. Of course, the clamping ring can also be used be composed of several segments.

The transport units are preferably each in a ring with play trained and one-sided radially open housing on the inner boxes or on Basic box arranged.

For security reasons, it is preferred that the individual inner boxes in the fully telescoped position, i.e. the working position, in relation to the respective directly to mechanically lock the surrounding inner box or basic box. Suitable for this locking systems in a special way, which act on a clamping wedge based. These have the great advantage that the respective inner box in any Extend positions jammed and can therefore be locked. With the usual ones Locking systems that use bolt locks are only locked on very specific places possible, one for the locking bolt Locking opening is provided in the immediately surrounding inner box.

The invention provides an alternative embodiment of a telescopic system Use at least one security and locking unit before as they is known for example from the prior art according to DE 100 04 838 A1 and on which was already discussed in more detail at the beginning. This telescopic system has one Telescopic device on the inside and approximately on the axial Has length of the telescoping telescopic system extending carrier. On this carrier is at least one security and locking unit along slidably arranged over at least one movement device of the type according to the invention can be moved along the carrier.

The inventive method for telescoping an inner box Telescopic system from a basic box or from an inner box each inner box directly surrounding by means of a telescopic device provides that a telescopic device is used, the inner box to be telescoped is always assigned. The respective telescopic device does not have the task to move other inner boxes. The telescopic device used includes at least one first transport unit, which is revolving by means of a Pressure unit actuatable coupling element a detachable drive connection either between the first transport unit and the one to be telescoped Inner box directly surrounding inner box or basic box or between the first transport unit and the inner box to be telescoped. The transport unit has at least one feed element that either the inner box to be telescoped relative to that on the immediately surrounding one Inner box or basic box coupled to the first transport unit or to telescopic inner box together with the first coupled to it Transport unit relative to the immediately surrounding inner box or basic box in the Moves the sense of a partial stroke of the telescopic process, being at the end of a partial stroke by handing over the inner box to be telescoped to a holding device Movement of the inner box against the intended telescopic direction prevented becomes. The drive connection of the first transport unit with the immediate surrounding inner box or basic box or with the inner box to be telescoped is released at the end of a partial stroke by the pressure unit. Then the first transport unit is in the same relative position again the inner box to be telescoped or the one immediately surrounding it Inner box or the basic box pushed back before the partial stroke had taken. Then one or more partial strokes are carried out in the same way carried out until the desired telescopic position of the telescopic Inner box is reached.

In the simplest case, the dead weight can be used for the retracting movement of an inner box the inner boxes can be used as driving force when the respective holding unit is released is. For the entry movement, however, one does not necessarily have to be against the exit direction acting feed element needed. The process sequence preferably takes place Retracting movement of an inner box, however, in a correspondingly reverse manner as in an extension movement. That means transport units for telescoping can be used that have feed elements that are contrary to the Extending movement are effective, that is, can perform a retracting movement.

A second transport unit is preferably used as the holding device Telescoping an inner box used in terms of their timing works essentially in the opposite direction to the first transport unit. It is special preferred that both be transferred during the transfer of the respective inner box Briefly move the transport units in the connected state in the same direction. hereby eliminates the need to hand over the respective inner box for its Stop movement for a short time. That means the movement of each Inner box can take place continuously over its entire extension catches. Appropriately, all inner boxes that are to be extended are move parallel to each other. This allows one based on the Overall boom reach very high telescopic speed, even if the Extension speed of a single inner box relative to the immediate surrounding inner box or basic box is lower than one Telescopic system with the usual hydraulic cylinder / piston system.

• Figur 1 einen Schnitt durch eine erfindungsgemäße Bewegungsvorrichtung,
• Figur 2 einen Schnitt durch eine Bewegungsvorrichtung mit zwei Transporteinheiten,
• Figur 3 einen Schnitt durch eine Bewegungsvorrichtung mit zwei Transporteinheiten in kinematischer Umkehr zu Figur 2,
• Figur 4 einen Schnitt durch eine Bewegungsvorrichtung ähnlich Figur 3 mit geneigter Auflage,
• Figur 5 eine Halteeinheit mit formflüssig profilierter Oberfläche,
• Figur 6 eine schematische Darstellung eines Teleskopiersystems mit einem Grundkasten und drei Innenkästen,
• Figur 7 einen Schnitt durch das Kopfende eines Grundkastens mit einem Innenkasten,
• Figur 8 einen Klemmring,
• Figur 9 das Kopfende eines Grundkastens,
• Figur 10 das Kopfende eines Grundkastens mit eingelegtem Klemmring,
• Figur 11 das Kopfende eines Grundkastens mit eingelegtem Klemmring und eingeführtem Innenkasten,
• Figur 12 einen Schnitt durch einen Grundkasten mit eingeführtem Innenkasten und zwei Transporteinheiten,
• Figur 13 verschiedene Stadien der Bewegung des Koppelelements einer Transporteinheit,
• Figur 14 die Anordnung der Druckpolster am Umfang eines Innenkastens und
• Figur 15 eine schematische Darstellung einer alternativen Ausführung eines Teleskopiersystems.

The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of the exemplary embodiments shown schematically in the figures. Show it:

• FIG. 1 shows a section through a movement device according to the invention,
• FIG. 2 shows a section through a movement device with two transport units,
• FIG. 3 shows a section through a movement device with two transport units in a kinematic reversal to FIG. 2,
• FIG. 4 shows a section through a movement device similar to FIG. 3 with an inclined support,
• FIG. 5 shows a holding unit with a visually profiled surface,
• FIG. 6 shows a schematic illustration of a telescopic system with a basic box and three inner boxes,
• FIG. 7 shows a section through the head end of a basic box with an inner box,
• FIG. 8 a clamping ring,
• FIG. 9 the head end of a basic box,
• FIG. 10 shows the head end of a basic box with an inserted clamping ring,
• FIG. 11 shows the head end of a basic box with an inserted clamping ring and an inserted inner box,
• FIG. 12 shows a section through a basic box with an inserted inner box and two transport units,
• FIG. 13 different stages of the movement of the coupling element of a transport unit,
• Figure 14 shows the arrangement of the pressure pads on the circumference of an inner box and
• Figure 15 is a schematic representation of an alternative embodiment of a telescopic system.

The sectional view shown in FIG. 1 shows an inventive one Movement device 1 in a very simple embodiment. An object 7 lies flat on a support 6 with its underside 9. In edition 6 is one after Recessed open at the top and rectangular in cross section, the one Forms housing 23 for a coupling element 3. The coupling element 3 provides the load-bearing Element of a transport unit 2, which in the present case consists of a cuboid Basic element exists, the top of which is flat and that on the left and right side wall and groove-like recesses 18, 19, 20 on the underside having. The height of the coupling element 3 is slightly smaller than the height of the Housing 23. The width of the coupling element 3 is significantly smaller than the distance between the left and right sides of the housing 23 so that left and on the right there is room for movement for the coupling element 23. In the groove-like Recesses 18, 19, 20, which aitemaitv also in the walls of the housing 23rd could be incorporated, tubular elements are inserted, the z. B. from one rubber-like reinforced with fiber material and therefore variable in shape Material are formed, the interior of these tubular elements optionally with Hydraulic pressure can be applied. This is indicated by the valve-controlled hydraulic lines and a hydraulic pump indicated schematically. The tube-like element lying in the recess 20 constitutes a pressing unit 5 This means that when the pressure unit 5 is acted upon accordingly hydraulic internal pressure the flattened hose-like element tries to get in To approach the cross-section of a circular shape, i.e. to grow in height. This will the coupling element 3 is pressed onto the underside 9 of the object 7 and lifts it so that it detaches itself from the support 6. The two in the recesses 18 and 19 inserted tube-like elements 4 and 4 'are used as feed elements designate and can in a similar manner as the pressing unit 5 with hydraulic pressure are applied, so that their shape changes accordingly. In the position shown, the feed element 4 is flattened, that is, inside depressurized or only slightly pressurized, while the opposite Feed element 4 'is circular in cross section. If not shown Control of the hydraulic valves is caused to the feed element 4 ' Release of hydraulic fluid and unlock the feed element 4 To apply hydraulic pressure, then the feed element 4 becomes a round shape and vice versa, the feed element 4 'has a flat shape. It will Coupling element 3 by a corresponding piece from the left to the right wall of the Housing 23 moved. In the same way, the object 7 also moves the coupled coupling element from left to right. This shift takes place without the need to overcome sliding friction despite the potentially significant Weight of the object 7, since this indirectly via the coupling element 3 the hydraulic cushion of the pressing unit 5 is mounted. The flexible shell of the Press unit 5 rolls on the underside with a certain amount of flexing work of the housing 23 and on the top of the recess 20. Opposite one Sliding friction between the object 7 and the surface of the pad 6 is the Mining work negligibly small. If the transport unit 3 like the item 7 has been moved to the right by a small section, the pressure unit 5 relieved of pressure so that the object 7 lowers again on the support 6. By the dead weight and the associated static friction is the subject 7 in this Position held. Therefore, due to the roughness of the surface of the support 6 Holding unit 8 is formed, which prevents the object 7 against the the intended direction of movement to the right again in its starting position moved back. The lowered pressing unit 5 can be applied to the Feed element 4 'and pressure relief of the feed element 4 again in the figure 1 position shown are transported back. Then you can in the same way several further substeps to carry out the overall desired movement be carried out as described above.

While only a single transport unit 2 was used in FIG. 1 2 shows an embodiment of the invention Movement device which is equipped with two transport units 2a, 2b. Of course could also use a much larger number of transport units to move the item 7. How the individual works Transport units is as described above, with a synchronous temporal Clocking is present, so that the object 7 of both at the same time Transport units 2a, 2b is raised or set down again (handover to Holding device 8). The hydraulic supply lines are the same as in the other figures not shown in Figure 2. If more than two Transport units 2a, 2b is used, it is advisable to schedule them in groups to be offset from one another in order to move the load 7 as continuously as possible to be able to generate. To improve the frictional connection between the load 7 and Transport units 2a, 2b can have a high support in the area of the contact surface Friction coefficients are used (indicated in Fig. 2 as a black bar).

An arrangement similar to that in FIG. 2 is shown in FIG however, this is a kinematic reversal. In this case, the two are Transport units 2a, 2b in housing-like recesses on the underside of the Item 7 arranged. In the present case they are housing-like But not recesses directly on the load 7, but on an intermediate beam 26 attached, on which the actual load 7 rests. Ultimately, this subcarrier forms but part of the load to be moved. The transport units 2a, 2b move then also revolving always back and forth between the left and the right Side of the housing, but move relative to the support 6 with the object 7. During a partial stroke of the transport units 2a, 2b, the transport units 2a, 2b firmly pressed onto the support 6 and stationary during this phase of the work cycle. By actuating the transport units, the displacement of the object 7 by a small partial step in the intended direction of movement causes, the object 7 on the hydraulic cushion of the respective pressing unit can roll off. Here, too, the pressure unit has a high support Coefficient of friction on (at the bottom).

FIG. 4 shows the same arrangement as in FIG. 3, although there made a movement over an obliquely upward support 6 shall be. Depending on the size of the angle of this slope, the coefficient of friction can be below Circumstances may be too low to prevent the object 7 from slipping uncontrollably to prevent the pad 6 down during the phase of settling on the pad 6. In such cases, it may be appropriate in the surface area between the Bottom side 9 of the object 7 (more precisely: bottom side of the intermediate carrier 26) and the top of the support 6 to provide a profiling, when the Item 7 a positive connection to prevent slipping of the Item 7 guaranteed. Such profiling can, for example, as shown in Figure 5 is shown in cross section, have a sawtooth shape. In Correspondingly, such profiling could also be on the underside if necessary of the transport units 2a, 2b are provided.

A particularly preferred field of application for the invention Movement devices can be seen in the area of telescopic systems, especially in telescopic booms for cranes, which were previously usually with cable pulls or hydraulic cylinder / piston systems. In Figure 6 are in three Sub-figures a, b, c each have different variants for the arrangement of Transport units 2a, 2b shown in a telescopic boom 10. This Telescopic boom 10 consists of a basic box 11 and several, in In the present case, three inner boxes 12, one inside the other or in the basic box 11, 13, 14. For the movement of an inner box 12, 13, 14 in Figures 6a and 6b two transport units 2a, 2b are individually assigned to each inner box So only responsible for the movement of this inner box. In the example in FIG. 6a are the movement units 2a, 2b, as is only indicated schematically, each at the head end 16 of the inner box 12, 13, 14 to be moved immediately surrounding inner box 12, 13 or base box 11. The Distance between the respective transport units 2a, 2b of an inner box 12, 13 or basic box 11 corresponds here to the required length of the clamping zone for the inner box 12, 13, 14 to be extended in each case. In FIG. 6b there is a difference Arrangement of the transport units 2a, 2b each in the area of the foot end 15 of the moving inner box 12, 13, 14 provided. The way it works, below 6a is explained in more detail in a further embodiment variant basically the same as in Figure 6b. FIG. 6c shows a variant in which for the movement of an inner box 12, 13, 14 not only the two on his Foot end 15 arranged transport units 2a, 2b, but also two more Transport units 2a, 2b are responsible, each at the head end 16 of the latter Inner box 12, 13, 14 directly surrounding basic box 11 or inner box 12, 13 are arranged. The cyclically repeating functions of the Holding and transporting the transport units 2a, 2b at the foot ends 15 and head ends 16 of the inner boxes 12, 13, 14 and the basic box 11 in be clocked in different ways. For example, it is possible to use the two Transport units 2a, 2b at the head end 16 and at the foot end 15 in groups to synchronize. However, it can also be provided, for example, that the two Transport units 2a from foot end 15 and head end 16 a synchronously clocked group form, while the two transport units 2b from the foot end 15 and head end 16, the the same inner box 12, 13, 14 are functionally assigned, one offset in time form a timed group. In comparison to the variants in FIGS. 6a, 6b, the Solution according to Figure 6c via a correspondingly increased telescopic force. Of course, the transport units 2a, 2b at the head end 16 and the Foot end 15 can also be clocked offset from one another, for example by one to produce continuous movement of the inner boxes 12, 13, 14.

FIG. 7 shows the basic principle of using a transport unit 2 according to the invention for moving an inner box 12 relative to a basic box 11 of a telescopic boom, which is otherwise not shown in detail. The weight of additional inner boxes, not shown, plus a possibly attached load is indicated by a weight which exerts the vertical weight F _G on the inner box 12. The housing 23 for the transport unit 2 is arranged at the upper end of the basic box 11, which is shown here extremely shortened, as is the inner box 12. The transport unit 2 has a clamping ring 17 corresponding to the round cross section of the base box 11 and the inner box 12 as a supporting element. The clamping ring 17 is shown separately in FIG. 8, which will be discussed in more detail below. The clamping body 17 encloses the inner box 12 all around. In a ring-groove-shaped recess 20 on the outer circumference of the clamping ring 17, a tubular pressing unit 5 is also inserted, which is also encircling the ring and can be supported on the inside of the cylindrical outer wall of the housing 23. In each case a circumferential recesses 18, 19 on the lower or upper end face (based on the extension direction of the inner box 12), a feed element 4 or 4 'is inserted, which in turn is tubular and rotates in a ring. Of course, several feed elements 4, 4 'could also be provided in parallel. A ring cylinder or a large number of small individual cylinders connected in parallel could also be used for this purpose. On the inner circumference of the coupling element 3 designed as a clamping ring 17, an annular brake band 24 is inserted into a corresponding annular groove, which has the task of ensuring the most uniform possible distribution of the contact pressure of the coupling element 3 on the inner box 12 while ensuring an advantageously high coefficient of friction. This brake band can consist, for example, of a material for the production of brake linings for friction brakes or else of a hard rubber-like material that would produce a particularly high coefficient of friction. The contact pressure exerted on the inner box 12 by the clamping ring is designated F _{K in} FIG. In order to be able to hold and move the weight force F _G with the transport unit 2, the product of the coefficient of friction of the brake band 24 and the contact force F _{K must be} greater than F _G. This contact pressure F _K is generated by applying a corresponding hydraulic pressure to the pressing unit 5. The compressive force of the pressing unit 5 causes the clamping ring 17 to deform, which leads to a reduction in its inner circumference and thus to a tight fit against the inner box 12. Although in a preferred embodiment of the invention the clamping ring 17 is formed from a rigid material, for example polyamide, such a deformation is possible because through targeted incisions 21, 22 which are passed through the cross-section of the clamping ring 17 from different sides without it each completely cut, a flexibility of the clamping ring 17 is achieved. FIG. 8 shows that the incisions 21 are made at regular intervals from the upper end face of the clamping ring 17 in the axial direction to the lower end face, while conversely half between two incisions 21 from the lower end face in the axial direction to the upper end Front incisions 22 are performed. As a result, the cross section of the clamping ring 17 is deliberately weakened in such a way that the circumference shrinks when external radial pressure forces are applied. Another possibility, which in many cases is still to be regarded as more advantageous, is to bring about the flexibilization by means of incisions which are made alternately radially from the inside to the outside or from the outside to the inside and which are each guided over the entire axial length (height) of the clamping ring and each end at a distance in front of the ring-shaped inner or outer surface. By pressurizing the pressure unit 5, the clamping ring 17 can thus be pressed against the inner box 12 with a predetermined contact pressure, so that the coupling element 3 enters into a drive connection with the inner box 12. Conversely, by releasing the hydraulic pressure of the pressing unit 5, this coupling can be released by the clamping ring 17 expanding again under its own spring force. Using the two feed elements 4 and 4 ', the inner box 12 can be moved in a corresponding manner, as has already been shown in detail for FIG of the coupling element 3 corresponds in the axial direction within the annular housing 23. In order to be able to carry out larger strokes, it is necessary to transfer the inner box 12 to a holding device which prevents the inner box 12 from moving back when the coupling element 3 has to be returned to the required starting position for the next partial stroke. For this purpose, for example, a separate clamping wedge device can be used, which is not shown in FIG. 7. An even more advantageous embodiment of a telescopic system is described below in connection with the explanation of FIGS. 12 and 13.

FIG. 9 shows a perspective view of the head end of the basic box 11 from Figure 7 with the bearing surface 25 for a clamping ring. In Figure 10 is in one corresponding view as in Figure 9 with the head of the base box 11 inserted clamping ring 17 reproduced, while Figure 11 also in perspective view also shows the inserted inner box 12.

FIG. 12 shows a preferred embodiment in a schematic sectional view a telescopic boom again, the two for actuating an inner box 11 Has transport units 2a, 2b. In contrast to the two shown in Figure 6 Variants of a telescopic boom is the arrangement of the transport units 2a, 2b in Figure 12 chosen so that the one transport unit 2a at the head end of the basic box 11 and the other transport unit 2b at the foot end of the base box 11 immediately surrounding inner box 12 is arranged. For the other inner boxes, which are not shown in this schematic diagram, is the arrangement in correspondingly so that a transport unit at the foot of the to be moved Inner box and the other second person responsible for the same inner box Transport unit at the head end of the one directly surrounding this inner box Inner box is arranged. The transport units 2a, 2b are each in an annular shape Housings 23a, 23b housed, as already in connection with Figure 7 has been described. In contrast to the housing 23a, which is open radially inwards the housing 23b is open radially to the outside. Thus, the transport unit 2a with its Couple the coupling element to or from the outer surface of the inner box 12 Uncouple again while the transport unit 2b with respect to the inner surface of the enclosing base box 11 can couple or uncouple. This type of mapping of the transport units 2a, 2b to the head end of the enclosing basic box 11 and to the foot of the inner box 12 has the advantage that the length of the clamping in extended state of the inner box 12, that is the distance between the two transport units 2a, 2b flexibly adjusted in the axial direction depending on the load situation can be. In the embodiments according to FIGS. 6a and 6b, the axial distance is and thus the length of the clamping point is given a fixed design. In the The embodiment according to FIG. 12 is carried out by one of the two transport units 2a, 2b the function of a holding unit if there is no special device for this is provided. Before we go into this in more detail, I would like to say one more time the working principle of a transport unit 3 based on the four sections Representations in Figure 13 are explained.

FIG. 13 shows a transport unit 3, which is at the head end of a basic box 11 is arranged. The coupling element 3 is located in the partial figure 13a with respect to the enclosing housing in its lowest position. Between the brake band 24 and the outer surface of the inner box 12 to be moved is a Narrow annular gap, the coupling element is therefore not coupled to the inner box 12. The next partial figure 13b shows the state in which the Pressure unit 5 has been applied with hydraulic pressure, so that the Brake band 24 of the coupling element 3 with a desired contact pressure to the Has created outer surface of the inner box 12. In this state it is Coupling element 3 coupled to the inner box 12. The next partial figure 13c shows the State in which hydraulic pressure has been applied to the lower feed element 4, while the upper feed element 4 'was relieved of pressure. This could Coupling element 3, taking the inner box 12 up to the upper one Move the boundary wall of the housing assigned to it. In the fourth sub-figure 13d shows the state in which the coupling element 3 is in its upper end position (relative to the housing) from the inner box 12 by the pressing unit 5 is relieved of pressure. As a result, we apply the contact pressure in the area of the brake band 24 reduced accordingly and again a small annular gap between the brake band 24 and the inner box 12 is formed. Then pressurize the upper one Feed element 4 'and pressure relief of the lower feed element 4 can then the coupling element 3 moved back into its lower starting position are, as shown in Figure 13a, so that then the prescribed cycle again Execution of another partial stroke can begin. So when disconnecting the Coupling element 3 of the inner box 12, which is only a partial stroke of the total has made the desired extension movement, does not slide back into its starting position, As a rule, a separate holding device must be provided, which according to the embodiment in Figure 12 is formed by a second transport unit. If the a transport unit 2a after completion of a partial stroke from the inner box 12 decouples, the second transport unit 2b must first on the inner box 12th have coupled and at least hold it in this position. Conveniently, this stop occurs when the inner box 12 extends in each case upper position of the transport unit 2b within the associated housing 23b. In this position, the transport unit 2b must be firmly coupled to the basic box 11 his. By relieving the pressure on the lower feed element and applying pressure The upper feed element of this transport unit 2b can then be a further partial stroke the extension movement are carried out, during which the upper Transport unit 2a with respect to its housing 23a again for a third partial stroke can move the required lower starting position back. Both transport units 2a, 2b work alternately over time.

In a preferred embodiment, the extension movement of an inner box each operated with the help of the two transport units so that for a short time the execution of a partial stroke of the extension movement, both transport units are coupled. In a way, this results in a flying change between the two transport units, so it is necessary for the transfer of the respective Inner box from one transport unit to the other no downtime of the Inner box relative to the surrounding inner box or basic box. In order to the extension movement does not have to be slowed down temporarily, however required that the respective return stroke of a transport unit with a larger Velocity expires as the working stroke during the coupling state.

To ensure a particularly high level of safety when extended Telescopic boom in the working position against unintentional retraction of the Inner boxes are expediently a separate mechanical lock provided, which is not shown in Figure 6 and Figure 12. Expediently one mechanical locking selected, with any extension lengths of the individual Inner boxes are permitted. Systems are therefore particularly suitable for this purpose operate on the principle of the wedge. Basically come though bolt locking systems are of course also an option.

If such an additional lock is provided, then this lock can of course also as a holding unit within the scope of the invention Movement device can be used. In such a case, the two could Transport units 2a, 2b in FIG. 12 can of course also be operated synchronously. This could double the telescopic force of the telescopic boom. However, this is the other way round with the halving of the telescopic speed buy.

In Figure 14, the cross section of an inner box 12 is shown, that of the circular shape differs. In order to minimize the risk of denting due to radial external pressure forces, the pressing unit 5 is divided into three sections, which differ in terms of their Restrict the circumferential extent to the area of the rounded parts of the cross section, because they have an increased resistance to denting. The straight parts of the wall with the greatest risk of buckling are therefore not acted upon by hydraulic pressure forces.

FIG. 15 shows schematically an alternative embodiment to the illustrations according to Figure 6 a e.g. Telescopic system designed as a telescopic boom played. The extension movement of the individual inner boxes 12, 13, 14 from the Basic box 11 is successively in each case by a fuse and Locking unit 27 causes, each in a manner not shown to the Can connect inner boxes 12, 13, 14 and uncouple them again. The backup and Locking unit 27 is along a substantially the length of the a telescopic system extending carrier 28 movable. to Effect of movement relative to the carrier 28 has the securing and Locking unit 27 via two movement devices 1 according to the invention, the are only indicated schematically. For the rest, the backup and Locking unit 27, as is known from the prior art (e.g. DE 10004 838 A1). The carrier 28 can be used, for example, as a tube or as a profile carrier be trained. The advantage of this solution is that the building weight in Compared to a conventional telescopic drive with hydraulic cylinders is lower.

For performing an extension movement of an inventive Telescopic system is a multitude of sub-steps with a correspondingly frequent one Switching of the hydraulic pressure supply of the feed elements required. On But great advantage of the solution according to the invention is that the moving volumes of hydraulic fluid between each Reversal processes have to be redirected, are extremely small compared to the Volumes that can be reversed in conventional hydraulic cylinder / piston systems. The individual sub-steps can therefore be carried out in a very short time. Even if the telescopic speed in relation to a single inner box compared to a conventional hydraulic telescopic system should be significantly lower the problem-free possibility of extending all inner boxes at the same time Disadvantage more than made up for. Added to this is the great advantage that appropriate design of the pressure units and feed elements very high Telescopic forces can be generated with conventional hydraulic pressures because of the ring-shaped Arrangement of the hydraulic pressure pads comparatively large effective Hydraulic pressure areas are available. Another advantage is the low friction, which has to be overcome during a telescopic operation. In this It is also advantageous that there is no sliding friction between the Inner boxes or the basic box and an inner box a lubrication of Sliding jaws, as they are essential with conventional telescopic systems, completely can be omitted. It should also be noted that bolt holes and Bolting devices for locking the inner boxes or the basic box with an inner box can be completely eliminated. In connection with the comparatively small space required for the transport units according to the invention and their low weight, there are further advantages for an increase in performance corresponding telescopic boom. The head weight of such a boom can be compared to the conventional design with hydraulic cylinder / piston systems decrease again. The simplification of the hydraulic actuation results in this a reduction in manufacturing costs.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

mover

2,2a, 2b

transport unit

3

coupling element

4

feed element

5

pressure unit

6

edition

7

object

8th

holding unit

9

bottom

10

telescopic boom

11

basic box

12

inner box

13

inner box

14

inner box

15

foot

16

head

17

clamping ring

18

groove-like recess

19

groove-like recess

20

groove-like recess

21

incision

22

incision

23,23a, 23b

casing

24

brake band

25

bearing surface

26

subcarrier

27

Security and locking unit

28

carrier

F _G =

load to be held

F _K =

Clamping force of the clamping ring

Claims (31)

Movement device for moving an object (7) in a predetermined direction of movement relative to a support (6) supporting the object (7) at least on one side (9), with at least one first revolvingly effective transport unit (2,2a), which has at least one Coupling element (3) and at least one feed element (4), the coupling element (3) having a pressing unit (5) which, when actuated, has a drive connection either between the first transport unit (2,2a) and the object (7) or between the first transport unit (2,2a) and the support (6) (coupling), and wherein via the at least one feed element (4) either the object (7) together with the coupled at least one first transport unit (2,2a) or the Object (7) is displaceable relative to the at least one first transport unit (2,2a) coupled to the support (6), and with at least one holding unit (8), by means of which d he object (7) can be secured against movement against the predetermined direction of movement when the coupling element (3) is not actuated,
characterized in that the pressing unit (5) of the first transport unit (2,2a) is formed from a pressure cushion enclosed in a shape-changing envelope, the object (7) being supported in a roll-like manner by the pressure cushion of the pressing unit (5) on the support (6 ) or the object (7) on the first transport unit (2,2a) can be generated. Movement device according to claim 1,
characterized in that the feed element (4) of the first transport unit (2, 2a) is formed from a pressure cushion enclosed in a shape-changing envelope. Movement device according to claim 2,
characterized in that the shape-changing envelope of the pressure pad is designed as a ring cylinder. Movement device according to claim 2,
characterized in that the shape-changing envelope is formed from a plurality of individual cylinders essentially directed in the direction of movement. Movement device according to one of claims 1-4,
characterized in that the pressure pad is a hydraulic pressure pad. Movement device according to one of claims 1-2
and 5,
characterized in that the shape-changing envelope is formed from a flexible, in particular a rubber or plastic-like material. Movement performance according to one of claims 1-6,
characterized in that the shape-changing envelope is formed from a matrix material with embedded reinforcing material, in particular with embedded fiber material. Movement device according to one of claims 1-2
or 5 - 7,
characterized in that the shape-changing envelope is essentially tubular. Movement device according to one of claims 1-8,
characterized in that the holding unit (8) is formed by the surface of the support (6) on which the object (7) can be placed in a revolving, frictional or form-locking manner (based on movements against the intended direction of movement). Movement device according to one of claims 1-9,
characterized in that at least one second transport unit (2b), in particular a transport unit which is essentially the same as the first transport unit (2,2a) and which alternates with the first transport unit (2,2a) in terms of drive technology, is provided as the holding unit (8) the object (7) or the support (6) can be connected. Movement device according to one of claims 1-10,
characterized in that the support (6) supports the object (7) at least on its underside (9). Movement device according to claim 11,
characterized in that the support (6) also encloses or supports the object (7) in its side regions, in particular all around. Telescopic system, in particular telescopic boom (10) for a crane, with a basic box (11) and one or more inner boxes (12-14), each guided in the basic box (11) or one of the inner boxes (12-13) and by means of a telescopic device are telescopic,
characterized in that the telescopic device comprises at least one movement device (1) according to any one of claims 1-12. Partial copying system according to claim 13,
characterized in that the movement device (1) each has at least one first transport unit (2a) and as a holding unit (8) at least one second transport unit (2b). Telescopic system according to one of claims 13 -14,
characterized in that a movement device (1) is assigned to each inner box (12-14). Telescopic system according to one of claims 14 - 15,
characterized in that the at least one first transport unit (2a) and the at least one second transport unit (2b) for telescoping an inner box (12-14) lying axially one behind the other in the telescopic direction either in the region of the foot end (15) of the inner box (12-) to be telescoped 14) or both are arranged in the region of the head end (16) of the inner box (12-13) or basic box (11) which directly surrounds the inner box (12-14) to be telescoped. Telescopic system according to one of claims 14-16,
characterized in that the at least one first transport unit (2a) in the area of the foot end (15) of the inner box (12-14) to be telescoped and the at least one second transport unit (2b) in the area of the head end (16) of the inner box to be telescoped directly surrounding inner box (12-13) or basic box (11) is arranged or vice versa. Telescopic system according to one of claims 13 - 17,
characterized in that the contour of the cross section of the inner boxes (12-14) is rounded as a whole or at least in some areas, in particular circular or oval. Telescopic system according to claim 18,
characterized in that the pressure cushions of the pressing units (5) enclosed in the shape-changing envelope are arranged predominantly or exclusively in each case in the rounded regions. Telescopic system according to one of claims 13 - 19,
characterized in that the transport units (2, 2a, 2b) each have a clamping ring (17), the inner and / or outer circumference of which can be changed under the action of the pressure cushion of the pressing unit (5). Telescopic system according to claim 20,
characterized in that the sleeves of the pressure pads are inserted in groove-like recesses (18, 19, 20) on the inner circumference or on the outer circumference and on the upper and / or lower end face of the clamping ring (17) as seen in the telescopic direction. Telescopic system according to one of claims 20-21,
characterized in that the clamping ring (17) is formed as a ring body made of a rigid material, in particular plastic, which, for flexibility, is distributed over its circumference with numerous incisions (21, 22) extending only over part of the cross section of the clamping ring (17) is, which are guided alternately either in the radial direction from the outside or inside or in the axial direction from above or below. Telescopic system according to one of claims 13-22,
characterized in that the transport units (2, 2a, 2b) are each arranged with play in a ring-shaped housing 23, 23a, 23b which is radially open on one side on the inner boxes (12-14) or the basic box (11). Telescopic system according to one of claims 13-23,
characterized in that the respective inner box (12-14) can be mechanically locked in the telescoped position relative to the inner box (12-13) or basic box (11) directly surrounding it. Telescopic system according to claim 24,
characterized in that the respective inner box (12-14) can be locked in any extension positions by a clamping device. Telescopic system according to claim 14,
characterized in that the telescopic device has an internal carrier (28) which extends approximately over the axial length (28) of the telescoped telescopic system and at least one securing and locking unit (27) is arranged on the carrier (28) so as to be longitudinally displaceable the at least one movement device (1) can be moved along the carrier (28). Method for telescoping an inner box of a telescopic system from a basic box or from an inner box directly surrounding the inner box by means of a telescopic device,
characterized in that a telescopic device is used which is permanently assigned to the inner box to be telescoped and comprises at least one first transport unit, which revolves, by means of a coupling element which can be actuated by a pressing unit, a detachable drive connection either directly between the first transport unit and the inner box to be telescoped surrounds the inner box or the basic box or between the first transport unit and the inner box to be telescoped, and wherein the transport unit has at least one feed element which either the inner box to be telescoped relative to the first transport unit coupled to the immediately surrounding inner box or basic box or the one to be telescoped Inner box together with the coupled first transport unit relative to the immediately surrounding inner box or basic box in the sense of a partial stroke of the teles Copying process moves, at the end of a partial stroke by transferring the inner box to be telescoped to a holding unit, a movement of the inner box against the intended telescopic direction is prevented and the drive connection of the first transport unit with the immediately surrounding inner box or basic box or with the inner box to be telescoped by the pressing unit solved and then the first transport unit is pushed back into the same relative position with respect to the inner box to be telescoped or the inner box or basic box immediately surrounding it as before the partial stroke, and that one or more partial strokes are then carried out in the same way until the desired telescopic position of the inner box to be telescoped is reached. The method of claim 27
characterized in that the process sequence for a retracting movement of an inner box is carried out in the opposite manner to that for an extending movement. Method according to one of claims 27-28,
characterized in that a second transport unit is used as the holding device, which operates essentially in the opposite direction to the first transport unit with regard to its timing. The method of claim 29
characterized in that the first and the second transport unit work in such a way that, during the transfer of the inner box, both transport units each move briefly in the coupled state in the coupled state. Method according to one of claims 27-30,
characterized in that a plurality of inner boxes are telescoped at the same time.

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