EP1312135B1 - Anordnung zur beeinflussung und steuerung elektromagnetischer wechselfelder und/oder antennen und antennendiagrammen - Google Patents
Anordnung zur beeinflussung und steuerung elektromagnetischer wechselfelder und/oder antennen und antennendiagrammen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1312135B1 EP1312135B1 EP01962629A EP01962629A EP1312135B1 EP 1312135 B1 EP1312135 B1 EP 1312135B1 EP 01962629 A EP01962629 A EP 01962629A EP 01962629 A EP01962629 A EP 01962629A EP 1312135 B1 EP1312135 B1 EP 1312135B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- emitter
- arrangement
- elements
- accordance
- carrier
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q23/00—Antennas with active circuits or circuit elements integrated within them or attached to them
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/02—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism
- H01Q15/12—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism functioning also as polarisation filter
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/23—Combinations of reflecting surfaces with refracting or diffracting devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters
- H01Q15/242—Polarisation converters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters
- H01Q15/242—Polarisation converters
- H01Q15/246—Polarisation converters rotating the plane of polarisation of a linear polarised wave
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/44—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the electric or magnetic characteristics of reflecting, refracting, or diffracting devices associated with the radiating element
- H01Q3/46—Active lenses or reflecting arrays
Definitions
- the invention relates to an arrangement for influencing and Control of electromagnetic alternating fields and / or antennas and Antenna patterns.
- the fields of application of the invention extend primarily to the Areas of communication technology in the fields of stationary, portable and mobile transmitting and receiving systems of high-frequency electromagnetic radiation sources, in particular of geostationary orbiting satellite systems and land or air mobile sources, non - contact sensor technology, safety technology and the Radar technology.
- Known methods for evaluating sources of electromagnetic Radiation preferably uses source-own signals as the evaluation criterion or in the case of the known position or moving property of Source whose known spatial coordinates or motion information or their relation to other known spatial coordinates.
- the rating is on Based on known position data from source and / or signal receiver realized or based on a comparison of the transponder assignment with a Reference occupancy.
- the tracking of such a receiving system takes place based on the evaluation of the received signal including external sensors and / or data on the motion or Direction information of the observer.
- WO 0045464 discloses an arrangement for influencing and Control of electromagnetic alternating fields and / or antennas and Antenna diagrams with a dielectric carrier as a mounting surface for planar or transmission or feed elements, wherein the carrier in a high-frequency electromagnetic source field of a source in one Aperture space, bounded by two aperture surfaces, is arranged and on the carrier controllable radiator elements and elements for driving these radiator elements are arranged.
- the arrangement has an external Control unit and is located in the near field of a pathogen.
- the Radiator elements are by high-frequency Siganle or by a Combination of low frequency and high frequency signals individually or controllable in pairs.
- this arrangement involves the problem that the field emitted by the source exciter is completely absorbed by the planar antenna carrier, converted and released again in one plane, resulting in a superposition of the source field and the parasitic field. The resulting losses are dramatically significant. Furthermore, said arrangement is not usable as a pathogen in conventional reflector antennas. Due to the design of the arrangement are to achieve a certain system quality (eg for the TV satellite direct reception) significantly larger dimensions than in a conventional antenna necessary. Added to this is the considerable increase in costs, which almost prohibits deployment in the end customer segment, by about one order of magnitude.
- the object of the invention is therefore to provide an arrangement for influencing and Control of electromagnetic alternating fields and / or antennas and To provide antenna diagrams that are characterized by lower Insertion losses.
- the object is achieved by an arrangement with the Characteristics of claim 1 solved.
- the invention has the particular advantage that insertion losses are almost negligible. This allows the construction of antennas of relatively small size with high efficiency of the antenna.
- the inventive solution with the size reduction associated with the use of such antennas for the maritime and land or air mobile application is even possible.
- the use of the arrangement according to the invention is easily possible within a conventional reflector antenna arrangement.
- the properties of a conventional reflector antenna arrangement are maintained with nearly the same system quality.
- a useful signal to be received by a reflector antenna arrangement is not or only minimally damped when using the arrangement according to the invention.
- the features of the invention also allow cost-effective technical solutions of the production of the antenna, since it can be produced with standard components and known technological methods.
- the arrangement can be exactly dimensioned in relation to the intended application and can be produced with high mechanical precision. It is, according to a particular embodiment by embedding in a suitable low-dielectric plastic against extreme influences extremely robust and has a high tolerance to different environmental conditions, such as temperature, humidity and aggressive media.
- a preferably planar or three-dimensional arrangement in the form of the aperture planes 30, 31 which is adapted in its functionality to the object to be solved by its structure and geometric positioning, geometrically fixed.
- the complex H and. E-components of the electromagnetic field by controllable superimposition according to FIG. 2 according to the invention synthesized in the near field 32, 33.
- the aperture space 29 is formed at the same time.
- radiator elements 24.1 are applied to a dielectric carrier 22 parallel to the aperture planes 30, 31 and are task-specifically distributed in their arrangement, and are connected by the elements 23, not shown here for controlling the radiator elements 24.1.
- the arrangement of the radiator elements 24.1 takes place basically in the region of the aperture space 29, which is formed by the two aperture planes 30, 31.
- the generation of the parasitic source field in the area of the aperture space 29 is effected by a controllable interaction of the radiator elements 24.1 with the near field of the source radiator 3, 28 (passive) or solution-specific by superposition of the near field with reinforcing effect (active) or Feeding the radiator elements 24.1 by a to the near field of the Source radiator 28 in deterministic relationship (phase and amplitude) stationary excitation (external supply).
- the embodiment of the radiator elements 24.1 or the radiator element pairs 24 is carried out according to the invention as a planar surface radiator, dipole or monopole arrangements, combinations of the aforementioned or so-called aperture radiators.
- the arrangement of the radiator elements 24.1 takes place in an angle relationship adapted to the task ( ⁇ , ⁇ ) to the aperture plane in a solution-specific manner as a function of the type of source, preferably in the orthogonal direction (FIG. 4).
- the influencing of the source field is effected by temporal control of the Phase and amplitude relationship of individual or groups of Radiator element pairs 24 by means of the evaluation and control unit 6.
- the acquisition of the associated information is carried out with the help of implemented in an assembly external control and evaluation unit 6 in such a way that via one or more microprocessors, the inventive arrangement is controlled and the associated evaluation of the amplitudes and phase of the signal-treated Receive signal components allows a clear assignment on the vectorial position and temporal vectorial progress of the event ( Fig. 5 ).
- the arrangement according to FIG. 6 is embedded in a suitable low-dielectric plastic with low dielectric loss factor and low dielectric constant in such a way that it is completely enclosed by a preferably closed-cell, superficially roughened rigid polyurethane foam having a volume weight of between 120 kg / m 3 and 250 kg / m 3 .
- FIG. 6 shows an EM field control matrix for the case of the circular aperture of the near field of the source emitter 28 for use in a reflector antenna system according to FIG. 7 within the near field 32, 33.
- radiator element pairs 24 are arranged, wherein the Radiator elements 24.1 are designed as linear radiators in dipole shape and orthogonal to the display plane connected to the network.
- One each Radiating element pair 24 is by an element 23, in this case a suitable PIN diode, connected together. Due to the spatial distribution the radiator element pairs 24 in total and the distance and the length of Single radiator 24.1 becomes the control of the source field in its near field 32, 33 allows for both the E and H vector.
- the activation of the Radiator element pairs 24 is effected by the logic module 25, the same time the connection to the evaluation and control unit 6 via the interface 26th realized.
- control lines and the high-frequency waveguides takes place in the embodiment in microstrip technology.
- the dielectric support 22 is in the embodiment for the purpose of minimization the losses centrally provided with a recess 27, which in a Ratio correlated with the aperture of the source radiator 28.
- FIG. 7 shows the arrangement of the components according to the invention for the case of use in an offset reflector antenna.
- the reflector antenna 1 and the receiving system LNC 3 represent the usual arrangement.
- the antenna arrangement is connected to a positioning system in azimuth and elevation.
- the EM field control matrix 2 is fixedly mounted between the reflector 1 and the horn of the LNC 3, at a distance of 2 cm from the horn outer edge.
- the signal 4 issuing from the LNC 3 is fed to the evaluation and control unit 6 in accordance with FIG. 5 and discharged again without being influenced by it. Internally there is a decoupled power division for signal processing.
- the EM field control matrix 2 is connected to the evaluation and control unit 6 by a bus cable 5. In the evaluation and control unit 6, the signal processing and evaluation.
- the obtained direction information is relayed via a corresponding bus system 8 to the conventional electromechanical positioning system for the purpose of tracking the antenna to a moving target.
- a corresponding bus system 8 An example of this is the satellite reception while driving with a boat called.
- the change of the beam influence is made adaptively with the change of the tracking task.
Description
Weiterhin ist die genannte Anordnung nicht als Erreger in herkömmlichen Reflektor-Antennen verwendbar. Bedingt durch die Ausführung der Anordnung sind zum Erreichen einer bestimmten Systemgüte (z.B. für den TV Satellitendirektempfang) deutlich größere Abmessungen, als bei einer herkömmlichen Antenne notwendig. Hinzu kommen dann noch die erheblich, um ca. eine Zehnerpotenz, höheren Kosten, die einen Einsatz im Endkundensegment nahezu verbieten.
Das ermöglicht den Bau von Antennen verhältnismäßig kleiner Baugröße bei hoher Effizienz der Antenne. Durch die erfindungsgemäße Lösung mit der damit verbundenen Baugrößenverkleinerung ist der Einsatz derartiger Antennen für die maritime sowie die_land- oder luftmobile Anwendung überhaupt erst möglich.
Der Einsatz der erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung ist innerhalb einer herkömmlichen Reflektorantennenanordnung problemlos möglich. Die Eigenschaften einer herkömmlichen Reflektorantennenanordnung werden bei nahezu gleicher Systemgüte beibehalten. Ein durch eine Reflektorantennenanordnung zu empfangendes Nutzsignal wird bei Einsatz der erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung nicht oder nur minimal gedämpft.
Die Anordnung lässt sich bezogen auf den vorgesehenen Anwendungszweck exakt dimensionieren und ist mit hoher mechanischer Präzision herstellbar. Sie ist, gemäß einer besonderen Ausführungsform durch Einbetten in einen geeigneten niederelektrischen Kunststoff gegenüber extremen Einflüssen extrem robust und weist eine hohe Toleranz gegenüber unterschiedlichen Umweltbedingungen, wie Temperatur, Luftfeuchte und auch aggressiven Medien auf.
- Figur 1
- Prinzipielle Darstellung der Beziehungen zwischen Quelle, Nahfeld, EM-Matrix und Nahfeld
- Figur 2
- Prinzipielle Darstellung der Beeinflussung des Quellfeldes
- Figur 3
- Prinzipielle Darstellung der Anordnung der Elemente auf dem Träger
- Figur 4
- Prinzipielle Darstellung der räumlichen Anordnung der Elemente im Schnitt
- Figur 5
- Prinzipschaltbild der Auswerte- und Steuereinheit
- Figur 6
- Darstellung einer EM-Feldsteuermatrix für eine kreisrunde Apertur eines Quellfeldes
- Figur 7
- Prinzipielle Darstellung eines Reflektorantennensystems mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung.
- 1
- Reflektor
- 2
- EM-Feldsteuermatrix
- 3
- LNC mit Horn
- 4
- vom LNC abgegebenes hochfrequentes Signal
- 5
- Buskabel
- 6
- Steuereinheit
- 7
- von Steuereinheit 6 abgegebenes unbeeinflusstes Signal (wie 4)
- 8
- Bussystem mit externen Schnittstellen
- 9
- Leistungsteiler
- 10
- Demodulatoreinheit
- 11
- niederfrequenter Leistungsteiler
- 12
- Demodulatoreinheit
- 13
- Verstärker
- 14
- Triggerschaltung
- 15
- Bandpaßfilter
- 16
- Verstärker
- 17
- Phasendifferentiator
- 18
- Verstärker
- 19
- internes Signal zur Weiterleitung
- 20
- internes Signal zur Weiterleitung
- 21
- internes Signal zur Weiterleitung
- 22
- Träger
- 23
- Steuerelement
- 24
- Strahlerelementepaar
- 24.1
- Strahlerelement
- 25
- Logikbaustein
- 26
- Schnittstelle
- 27
- Aussparung
- 28
- Quelle elektromagnetischer Strahlung
- 29
- Aperturraum
- 30
- Aperturfläche III
- 31
- Aperturfläche IV
- 32
- Nahfeld (vor EM-Feldsteuermatrix)
- 33
- Nahfeld (nach EM-Feldsteuermatrix)
Claims (10)
- Anordnung zur Beeinflussung und Steuerung elektromagnetischer Wechselfelder und/oder Antennen und Antennendiagrammen, angeordnet im Nahfeld (32;33) eines Quellstrahlers (3;28), mit einem dielektrischen Träger (22) als Montagefläche für planare oder dreidimensionale Strahlerelemente (24.1) sowie Elemente (23) zur Ansteuerung der Strahlerelemente (24.1) für Schaltung, Steuerung, Transmission oder Speisung, wobei der Träger (22) in einem hochfrequenten elektromagnetischen Quellfeld (32;33) des Quellstrahlers (3;28) in einem Aperturraum (29) begrenzt durch Aperturflächen (30;31) angeordnet ist und auf dem Träger (22) die Strahlerelemente (24.1) und die Elemente (23) angeordnet sind, wobei die Strahlerelemente (24.1) durch hochfrequente Signale oder eine Kombination aus niederfrequenten und hochfrequenten Signalen einer externen Steuereinheit (6) einzeln oder paarweise ansteuerbar sind und zur Signalzuweisung die Steuereinheit (6) durch einen Bus (5) mit den auf dem Träger (22) angeordneten Elementen (23) verbunden ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dassa) der Träger (22) mittig mit einer Aussparung (27) versehen ist, deren wirksame Fläche mit einer Apertur des Quellstrahlers (3;28) korreliert undb) die Strahlerelemente (24.1) und die Elemente (23) um die Aussparung (27) angeordnet sind.
- Anordnung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Material des Trägers (22) in seiner äußeren und inneren Form frei wählbar ist und die Strahlerelemente (24.1) als planare Flächenstrahler, Dipol- oder Monopolanordnungen, Aperturstrahler, dielektrische Bildleiterelemente oder Kombinationen davon ausgeführt sind.
- Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet , dass die Ansteuerung der Strahlerelemente in Triplate-, Microslot-, dielektrischer Bildleiter- oder Hohlleitertechnik ausgeführt ist.
- Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet , dassdie Strahlerelemente (24.1) oder Strahlerelementepaare (24) durch die Anzahl, Art und Ausbildung der Strahlerelemente/Strahlerelementepaare (24.1; 24.) und die Art ihrer Verteilung auf dem Träger (24) der zu lösenden Aufgabe angepasst sind;die Strahlerelemente (24.1) oder Strahlerelementepaare (24) fest fixiert oder mechanisch schwenkbar angeordnet sind;der Winkel der Strahlerelemente (24.1) oder Strahlerelementepaare (24) zueinander bezogen auf die Flächennormale konstant ist;mindestens zwei Strahlerelemente (24.1) zu Strahlerelementepaaren (24) zusammengefasst sind;die Strahlerelemente (24.1) beliebig in Bezug auf ihre geometrische Mitte auf einer Ebene des Trägers (22) montiert sind undder Träger (22) als gekrümmte Fläche oder dreidimensional ausgebildet ist.
- Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet , dass die Anordnung zum Feld des Quellstrahlers (3;28) sowohl direkt als auch in einfach und doppelt fokussierenden Antennenanordnungen sowohl direkt oder offset erregt, angeordnet ist.
- Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet , dass sie in einen niederdielektrischen Kunststoff mit geringem dielektrischen Verlustfaktor und geringer Dielektrizitätskonstante, vorzugsweise einem geschlossenzelligen Polyurethanschaum eines Volumengewichtes zwischen 120 kg/m3 bis 250 kg/m3, eingeschlossen ist und die Strahlerelemente (24.1) sowohl als H- oder E-Feld sensitive oder wechselwirkende Bauelemente ausgeführt sind.
- Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie mit Primärstrahlersystemen verbunden in Reflektor- oder Flächenstrahlersystemen angeordnet ist und die resultierenden Strahlungseigenschaften des gesamten Antennensystems steuert.
- Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die externe Steuereinheit mit einer externer Auswerteeinheit verbunden und zu einer Steuer- und Auswerteeinheit (6) informationstechnisch verknüpft ist.
- Anordnung nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Steuer- und Auswerteeinheit (6) einerseits über das Buskabel (5) mit einer EM-Feldsteuereinheit (2) und über die Signalleitung (4) mit dem LNC mit Horn (3) verbunden ist und andererseits über eine weitere Signalleitung (7) zur Abgabe eines unbeeinflussten Signals vom LNC mit Horn (3) sowie über ein weiteres Buskabel mit externen Schnittstellen (8) zur Ansteuerung elektromechanischer Bewegungsmodule ausgestattet ist.
- Anordnung nach Anspruch 8 oder 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in der Steuer- und Auswerteeinheit (6)ein Verstärker (18) zur Behandlung des vom LNC (3) abgegebenen Signals (4) im Original- und/oder in einem Zwischenfrequenzbereich mit einem Leistungsteiler (9) verbunden ist,ein Leistungsteiler (9), das erhaltene Signal (4) entkoppelt und zum Ausgang (7) und einer Demodulatoreinheit (10) verteilt,die Demodulatoreinheit (10) mit einem niederfrequenten Leistungsteiler (11) verbunden ist, der die Leistung entkoppelt und jeweils zu einer niederfrequenten Demodulatoreinheit (12) und einem Bandpassfilter (15) verteilt,ein weiterer Verstärker (13), das von der Demodulatoreinheit (12) gelieferte Signal verstärkt und durch eine Triggerschaltung (14) verarbeitet und am Ausgang (19) zur Verfügung stellt,ein Bandpassfilter (15), das mit einem weiteren Verstärker (16) verbunden ist, das vom niederfrequenten Leistungsteiler (11) verteilte Signal bearbeitet undein weiterer Verstärker (16) mit einem Phasendifferenziator (17) verbunden ist, der das vom Verstärker (16) abgegebene Signal auswertet und an den Ausgängen (20; 21) zur Verfügung stellt.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10041996A DE10041996A1 (de) | 2000-08-10 | 2000-08-10 | Anordnung zur Beeinflussung und Steuerung elektromagnetischer Wechselfelder und/oder Antennen und Antennendiagrammen |
DE10041996 | 2000-08-10 | ||
PCT/DE2001/003066 WO2002013310A1 (de) | 2000-08-10 | 2001-08-10 | Anordnung zur beeinflussung und steuerung elektromagnetischer wechselfelder und/oder antennen und antennendiagrammen |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1312135A1 EP1312135A1 (de) | 2003-05-21 |
EP1312135B1 true EP1312135B1 (de) | 2005-11-02 |
Family
ID=7653895
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP01962629A Expired - Lifetime EP1312135B1 (de) | 2000-08-10 | 2001-08-10 | Anordnung zur beeinflussung und steuerung elektromagnetischer wechselfelder und/oder antennen und antennendiagrammen |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1312135B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE308806T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU2001283799A1 (de) |
DE (3) | DE10041996A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2002013310A1 (de) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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ATE308806T1 (de) | 2005-11-15 |
DE50107929D1 (de) | 2005-12-08 |
DE10041996A1 (de) | 2002-03-07 |
AU2001283799A1 (en) | 2002-02-18 |
EP1312135A1 (de) | 2003-05-21 |
DE10193204D2 (de) | 2003-10-16 |
WO2002013310A1 (de) | 2002-02-14 |
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