EP1307693B1 - Household refrigerator - Google Patents
Household refrigerator Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1307693B1 EP1307693B1 EP00956433A EP00956433A EP1307693B1 EP 1307693 B1 EP1307693 B1 EP 1307693B1 EP 00956433 A EP00956433 A EP 00956433A EP 00956433 A EP00956433 A EP 00956433A EP 1307693 B1 EP1307693 B1 EP 1307693B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- refrigerating appliance
- refrigerant duct
- domestic refrigerating
- support plate
- refrigerant
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
- F25B39/02—Evaporators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
- F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
- F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
- F28D1/047—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag
- F28D1/0477—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag the conduits being bent in a serpentine or zig-zag
- F28D1/0478—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag the conduits being bent in a serpentine or zig-zag the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
- F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
- F28F1/14—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending longitudinally
- F28F1/22—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending longitudinally the means having portions engaging further tubular elements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2339/00—Details of evaporators; Details of condensers
- F25B2339/02—Details of evaporators
- F25B2339/023—Evaporators consisting of one or several sheets on one face of which is fixed a refrigerant carrying coil
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2275/00—Fastening; Joining
- F28F2275/02—Fastening; Joining by using bonding materials; by embedding elements in particular materials
- F28F2275/025—Fastening; Joining by using bonding materials; by embedding elements in particular materials by using adhesives
Definitions
- the invention relates to a household refrigerator such as a refrigerator, a refrigerator and freezer or the like, with a vaporizer having a tubular, at least approximately thermally conductive refrigerant pipe, which is meander-shaped and set in largely thermally conductive contact on a carrier board which on a cold room wall of the Household refrigerator is arranged.
- a vaporizer having a tubular, at least approximately thermally conductive refrigerant pipe, which is meander-shaped and set in largely thermally conductive contact on a carrier board which on a cold room wall of the Household refrigerator is arranged.
- a vaporizer having a tubular, at least approximately thermally conductive refrigerant pipe, which is meander-shaped and set in largely thermally conductive contact on a carrier board which on a cold room wall of the Household refrigerator is arranged.
- Such a device is e.g. from GB-A-1 259 025.
- one of the soldering partners coated with a serving as a solder layer which forms a connection upon heating of this Lötpartners with the other, pre-treated for soldering soldering, whereby the carrier board is connected to the preformed tube in heat-conducting contact.
- This type of attachment of the refrigerant pipe on the carrier board is not only expensive to manufacture and thus costly, but also involves the risk that the heat-conducting compound of both evaporator components is also subject to the influence of the labor of the manufacturing personnel.
- connection of the aluminum refrigerant tube to the aluminum carrier plate is by the use of an aluminum-clad adhesive tape, by means of which, for the purpose of heat-conducting contact, the aluminum carrier plate overlapped with a certain pressing force pipe along its course overlapped and fixed with the overlapping ends of the adhesive tape on the carrier board.
- This type of attachment requires a production-technically complex pretreatment of both connection partners, at least with regard to a certain dust and grease freedom in order to achieve the creation of thermally conductive contact between the two components ensuring holding power generated by the aluminum-coated tape. Furthermore, the high-volume position correct application of the adhesive tape is possible only with considerable manufacturing effort.
- the invention has for its object to improve the known from GB-A-1 259 025 household refrigeration appliance.
- a liquid during its processing holding means for fixing for example, a made of aluminum pipe on a z. B. also made of aluminum support plate is ensured that the liquid holding means is able to follow the contour of the meandering curved refrigerant pipe.
- the refrigerant line is held over its entire length by the adhesive effect of the holding means particularly reliable in thermally conductive contact with the carrier board, wherein the entire holding surface of the carrier plate for holding before the application of the holding means in thermally conductive contact under a certain holding force on the Holding surface imprinted pipe can be coated with liquid holding means.
- the carrier board with the liquid holding means is the refrigerant pipe after the curing process of the liquid holding means embedded in this at least largely, so that the refrigerant pipe is permanently fixed on the one hand in a particularly intense heat-conducting contact and on the other hand particularly accurate position on the support surface of the carrier board.
- the refrigerant pipe is held without additional measures form-fitting manner on the support surface of the carrier board.
- the holding means in the cured state by their volume contraction that the pipe is pressed under bias to the support surface of the support plate to achieve a particularly intense heat transfer between the latter and the refrigerant pipe.
- the formation of a flat contact surface on the refrigerant pipe a particularly intensive and defined system of refrigerant pipe ensured on the support surface of the carrier board to bring about a particularly intense heat exchange.
- the term "oval” is understood here to mean a surface stretched along an axis of symmetry with boundary lines curved at the ends. Such fabrics may, for example, be an ellipse or two mutually facing semicircles or semi-ellipses with a rectangle therebetween.
- the flat contact surface on the refrigerant pipe when it is provided according to a next advantageous embodiment of the subject invention that the deformed circular cross-section of the refrigerant pipe is at least approximately semicircular.
- the means are designed as processed in the liquid state, the heat-retentive material.
- the discharge of the latter latter can be influenced in a particularly targeted manner.
- An evaporator produced in this way is particularly suitable for use as a so-called cold-wall evaporator, since the heat-inhibiting material, the heat insulation of the wall equipped with the cold-wall evaporator is at most insignificantly reduced.
- the heat-inhibiting material is formed of foamed heat insulating material.
- an evaporator is produced in a simple manner, which is particularly suitable for use as a so-called.
- Cold Wall evaporator in a household refrigerator.
- the refrigerator wall equipped with the cold wall evaporator experiences at most a negligible reduction in heat insulation capacity. Due to the resulting during foaming of the heat insulating material pressure within a pressing the refrigerant pipe to the support plate Antikwerkzeuges is also ensures that the heat insulation material wets the outside of the contact region between the support plate and the refrigerant pipe open spaces at least predominantly, and thus a particularly intensive support of the refrigerant pipe is achieved on the carrier board.
- the heat insulating material is formed from polyurethane foam.
- the refrigerant pipe to the evaporator plate especially in mass production process safe and mechanically stable in position held in heat-conducting contact with the carrier board.
- the refrigerant line on the carrier board is held in a particularly stable position when, according to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the holding means cover the refrigerant line at least in sections along its meandering course.
- the section-wise covering of the refrigerant line is produced by an at least approximately net-like surface pattern.
- the refrigerant line and the holding means on its side remote from the carrier board side of an at least approximately the dimensions the support plate having foil-like material are covered, which is held by the hardened holding means.
- intumescent heat insulation material Due to the full-surface coverage of the attachment of the refrigerant pipe to the carrier board serving holding means, for. B. in the form of intumescent heat insulation material is porous per se in the cured state heat insulation material against mechanical abrasion, z. B. caused by the handling of the evaporator until its installation in the refrigerator, estimated.
- covered evaporators are also suitable for use as a so-called.
- Particularly suitable for covering the foaming heat insulation material is a sealing foil serving as a water vapor barrier.
- Cold Wall evaporator application finder evaporator 10 which has a heat-conducting material, such as aluminum or corrosion-resistant steel or the like, existing carrier board 11.
- the support plate 11 has on one of its large-area sides a holding surface 12 on which a meandering shaped, serving as a refrigerant pipe 13 pipe of thermally conductive material such as aluminum or corrosion-resistant steel or the like rests in ame calendardem contact.
- the refrigerant line 13 originally having a circular cross-section is deformed with respect to its cross-section such that after deformation it is essentially a D-shaped cross section with a substantially flat Support surface 14, with which the refrigerant line 13 is in heat-conducting contact with the support plate 11 (see Fig. 2).
- the former is embedded in the present case in serving as a holding means 15, adhesive-acting thermal insulation material, whereby a sandwich-like evaporator structure is generated.
- the refrigerant line 13 embedded in the holding means is fixed in a form-fitting manner both along the holding surface 12 and perpendicular thereto within the holding means 15, due to its cross-sectional shape after curing of the adhesively acting holding means 15.
- the holder of the refrigerant line 13 within the holding means 15 is additionally supported by the at least the refrigerant line 13 completely covering net-like surface pattern 16 on its support surface 12 opposite surface.
- the net-like surface structure of the holding means 15 ensures at the same time that the refrigerant 13 is only partially covered on its opposite side of the bearing surface 14 with the holding means 15, and thus a heat exchange of circulating in the refrigerant line 14 refrigerant not only to the carrier board 11 out but also opposite is possible, so that the evaporator 10 is also suitable for use, for example, a freely suspended in a cold room of a refrigerator, so-called.
- Rear wall evaporator is suitable.
- thermosetting plastics in the form of molding and casting compounds are also suitable for fixing the refrigerant line 13 to the support plate 11, wherein the thermosetting molding and molding compounds in terms of their adhesive effect and their property, the thermal expansion of the support plate 11 on the one hand and the refrigerant line 13 on the other hand while maintaining the required holding force for the refrigerant line 13 to the support plate 11 to ensure that they are to be selected.
- a refrigerant line with a circular cross section can also be used. Except for training as an evaporator, the structure of the invention is also suitable for the provision of a condenser.
- the refrigerant line and / or the carrier board has projections with which the cured holding means interacts in a form-fitting manner.
- the refrigerant line and the carrier board can also be fixed and held together solely by the adhesive action of the holding means.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Haushaltskältegerät wie einen Kühlschrank, eine Kühl- und Gefrierkombination oder dergleichen, mit einem verdampfer der eine rohrartige, wenigstens annähernd wärmeleitend ausgebildete Kältemittelleitung aufweist, welche mäanderartig geformt und in weitestgehend wärmeleitendem Kontakt auf einer Trägerplatine festgesetzt ist, die an einer Kühlraumwand des Haushaltskältegeräts angeordnet ist. Ein solches Gerät ist z.B. aus der GB-A-1 259 025 bekannt.The invention relates to a household refrigerator such as a refrigerator, a refrigerator and freezer or the like, with a vaporizer having a tubular, at least approximately thermally conductive refrigerant pipe, which is meander-shaped and set in largely thermally conductive contact on a carrier board which on a cold room wall of the Household refrigerator is arranged. Such a device is e.g. from GB-A-1 259 025.
Bei in Haushaltskühlschränken zur Anwendung kommenden Verdampfern ist es bekannt, deren zur Führung von Kältemittel dienende Kältemittelkanäle nach spanlose Formgebung in eine Aluminiumplatine unter Anwendung des Rollbond- oder Z-Bond-Verfahrens einzubringen. Darüber hinaus finden bei Kühlschränken auch Verdampfer Anwendung, welche aus einer Aluminiumträgerplatine und einem separat vorgefertigtem mäanderartig geformten Aluminiumrohr zusammengesetzt sind, welches auf der Trägerplatine, in wärmeleitendem Kontakt zu dieser, befestigt ist. Zum Zwecke der Befestigung des Kältemittelführungsrohres an der Trägerplatine ist es beispielsweise bekannt, das vorgefertigte Rohr auf der Trägerplatine anhand einer Lötverbindung festzusetzen. Hierzu ist beispielsweise einer der Lötpartner mit einer als Lot dienenden Schicht überzogen, welche beim Erwärmen dieses Lötpartners mit dem anderen, zur Verlötung vorbehandelten Lötpartner eine Verbindung eingeht, wodurch die Trägerplatine mit dem vorgeformten Rohr in wärmeleitenden Kontakt verbunden ist. Diese Art der Befestigung der Kältemittelrohrleitung auf der Trägerplatine ist nicht nur fertigungsaufwendig und somit kostenträchtig, sondern birgt zudem auch die Gefahr in sich, daß die wärmeleitende Verbindung beider Verdampferbestandteile auch dem Einfluß der Arbeitssorgfalt des Fertigungspersonals unterliegt. Eine weitere in der Praxis verfolgte Möglichkeit, die Kältemittelrohrleitung aus Aluminium mit der Aluminiumträgerplatine wärmeleitend zu verbinden, ist durch die Verwendung eines alumiumkaschierten Klebebandes bereitgestellt, mit Hilfe welchem das zum Zwecke des wärmeleitenden Kontakts die auf die Aluminiumträgerplatine mit einer gewissen Andruckkraft gedrückte Rohrleitung entlang seines Verlaufes überlappt und mit den überlappenden Enden des Klebebandes an der Trägerplatine festgesetzt. Auch diese Art der Befestigung setzt eine fertigungstechnisch aufwendige Vorbehandlung beider Verbindungspartner zumindest im Hinblick auf eine gewisse Staub- und Fettfreiheit voraus, um eine zur Schaffung des wärmeleitenden Kontaktes zwischen beiden Bauteilen gewährleistende Haltekraft, erzeugt durch das aluminiumkaschierte Klebeband, erreichen zu können. Ferner ist das großseriengerechte positionsrichtige Aufbringen des Klebebandes nur mit erheblichen fertigungstechnischen Aufwand möglich.When coming into use in household refrigerators evaporators, it is known to provide their refrigerant refrigerant channels serving for chipless shaping in an aluminum plate using the Rollbond or Z-Bond process. In addition, find in refrigerators and evaporators application, which are composed of an aluminum support plate and a separately prefabricated meander-shaped aluminum tube, which is on the support plate, in heat-conducting contact attached to this. For the purpose of attaching the refrigerant guide tube to the carrier board, it is known, for example, to fix the prefabricated tube on the carrier board by means of a solder joint. For this purpose, for example, one of the soldering partners coated with a serving as a solder layer, which forms a connection upon heating of this Lötpartners with the other, pre-treated for soldering soldering, whereby the carrier board is connected to the preformed tube in heat-conducting contact. This type of attachment of the refrigerant pipe on the carrier board is not only expensive to manufacture and thus costly, but also involves the risk that the heat-conducting compound of both evaporator components is also subject to the influence of the labor of the manufacturing personnel. Another practical option for heat-conducting the connection of the aluminum refrigerant tube to the aluminum carrier plate is by the use of an aluminum-clad adhesive tape, by means of which, for the purpose of heat-conducting contact, the aluminum carrier plate overlapped with a certain pressing force pipe along its course overlapped and fixed with the overlapping ends of the adhesive tape on the carrier board. This type of attachment requires a production-technically complex pretreatment of both connection partners, at least with regard to a certain dust and grease freedom in order to achieve the creation of thermally conductive contact between the two components ensuring holding power generated by the aluminum-coated tape. Furthermore, the high-volume position correct application of the adhesive tape is possible only with considerable manufacturing effort.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, das aus der GB-A-1 259 025 bekannte Haushaltskältegerät zu verbessern.The invention has for its object to improve the known from GB-A-1 259 025 household refrigeration appliance.
Diese Aufgabe wird gemäß der Erfindung durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is achieved according to the invention by the features of claim 1.
Durch die Verwendung eines bei seiner Verarbeitung flüssigen Haltemittels zur Befestigung beispielsweise einer aus Aluminium gefertigten Rohrleitung auf einer z. B. ebenfalls aus Aluminium gebildeten Trägerplatine ist sichergestellt, daß das flüssige Haltemittel der Kontur der mäanderartig gekrümmten Kältemittelleitung zu folgen vermag. Auf diese Weise ist die Kältemittelleitung über ihre gesamte Länge durch die adhäsive Wirkung des Haltemittels besonders funktionssicher in wärmeleitenden Kontakt mit der Trägerplatine gehalten ist, wobei die gesamte Haltefläche der Trägerplatine zur Halterung der vor dem Aufbringen des Haltemittels in wärmeleitenden Kontakt unter einer gewissen Haltekraft auf die Haltefläche aufgedrückte Rohrleitung mit flüssigem Haltemittel überzogen sein kann. Durch das Andrücken der vorgefertigten Kältemittelleitung auf die Haltefläche der Trägerplatine ist zugleich sichergestellt, daß das flüssige Haltemittel von dem den Wärmeaustausch bewirkenden Kontaktbereich zwischen der Kältemittelrohrleitung und der Trägerplatine ferngehalten ist. Durch die Schaffung eines Art Überzuges auf der Haltefläche der Trägerplatine mit dem flüssigen Haltemittel ist die Kältemittelrohrleitung nach dem Aushärtevorgang des flüssigen Haltemittels in dieses zumindest weitestgehend eingebettet, so daß die Kältemittelrohrleitung einerseits in einem besonders intensiven wärmeleitenden Kontakt und andererseits besonders positionsgenau an der Haltefläche der Trägerplatine dauerhaft festgesetzt ist. Durch den Einsatz eines adhäsiv wirkenden flüssigen Haltemittels kann zudem ohne Verlust an Haltekraft zwischen den beiden zu verbindenden Bauteilen ein aufwendiger Reinigungsvorgang dieser beiden Bauteile, z. B. wie er für eine Lötverbindung erforderlich ist, vermieden werden. Die bei den bekannten Herstellverfahren eines Verdampfers, wie z. B. beim Rollbond- und Z-Bond-Verfahren oder beim Anlöten einer Kältemittelrohrleitung auf einer Trägerplatine auftretenden Probleme, nämlich herstellbedingt hervorgerufene Verwerfungen des Verdampfers sind bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verdampfer zumindest weitestgehend vermieden. Aus diesem Grund ergibt sich eine besonders sichere flächige und wärmeleitende Anlage der als Cold-Wall-Verdampfer eingesetzten Verdampferplatine an der Wärmeisolationsseite eines Kühlgutbehälters.By the use of a liquid during its processing holding means for fixing, for example, a made of aluminum pipe on a z. B. also made of aluminum support plate is ensured that the liquid holding means is able to follow the contour of the meandering curved refrigerant pipe. In this way, the refrigerant line is held over its entire length by the adhesive effect of the holding means particularly reliable in thermally conductive contact with the carrier board, wherein the entire holding surface of the carrier plate for holding before the application of the holding means in thermally conductive contact under a certain holding force on the Holding surface imprinted pipe can be coated with liquid holding means. By pressing the prefabricated refrigerant line on the support surface of the carrier board is at the same time ensured that the liquid holding means is kept away from the heat exchange causing contact area between the refrigerant pipe and the carrier board. By creating a kind of coating on the support surface the carrier board with the liquid holding means is the refrigerant pipe after the curing process of the liquid holding means embedded in this at least largely, so that the refrigerant pipe is permanently fixed on the one hand in a particularly intense heat-conducting contact and on the other hand particularly accurate position on the support surface of the carrier board. Through the use of an adhesive-acting liquid holding means can also without loss of holding power between the two components to be joined a complex cleaning process of these two components, eg. B. as required for a solder joint can be avoided. The in the known production of an evaporator, such as. B. in Rollbond and Z-Bond process or when soldering a refrigerant pipe on a carrier board problems occurring, namely caused by manufacture distortions of the evaporator are at least largely avoided in the evaporator of the invention. For this reason, a particularly reliable surface and heat-conducting installation of the evaporator plate used as a cold wall evaporator on the heat insulation side of a refrigerated goods.
Besonders sicher ohne zusätzliche Hilfsmittel gehalten ist die vorgefertigte Kältemittelleitung an der Haltefläche der Trägerplatine bei einem Verdampfer mit einer Kältemittelleitung, welche einen deformierten kreisförmigen Querschnitt mit wenigstens einer annähernd ebenen Anlagefläche aufweist, mit welcher die Kältemittelleitung zumindest weitgehend wärmeleitend an der Trägerplatine anliegt, wenn nach einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des Gegenstandes der Erfindung ist, daß die Oberfläche Haltemittel im ausgehärteten Zustand über dem Flächenschwerpunkt der deformierten Kreisquerschnittsfläche liegen. Durch die Ausbildung der Kältemittelrohrleitung mit z. B. einem D-förmigen Querschnitt oder einem ovalen Querschnitt und der Bemessung der Schichthöhe des ausgehärteten Haltemittels ist die Kältemittelrohrleitung ohne zusätzliche Maßnahmen formschlüssig an der Haltefläche der Trägerplatine gehalten. Zusätzlich bewirken die Haltemittel im ausgehärteten Zustand durch ihre Volumenkontraktion, daß die Rohrleitung unter Vorspannung an die Haltefläche der Trägerplatine zur Erreichung eines besonders intensiven Wärmeübergangs zwischen dieser und der Kältemittelrohrleitung gepreßt ist. Außerdem ist durch die Anformung einer ebenen Anlagefläche an der Kältemittelrohrleitung eine besonders intensive und definierte Anlage der Kältemittelrohrleitung an der Haltefläche der Trägerplatine zur Herbeiführung eines besonders intensiven Wärmeaustausches gewährleistet.
Unter oval soll hier eine entlang einer Symmetrieachse gestreckte Fläche mit an den Enden gekrümmten Begrenzungslinien verstanden sein. Solche Flächengebilde können beispielsweise eine Ellipse oder zwei einander zugekehrte Halbkreise oder Halbellipsen mit einem dazwischen liegenden Rechteck sein.Particularly held without additional aids is the prefabricated refrigerant line to the support surface of the carrier board in an evaporator with a refrigerant line having a deformed circular cross-section with at least one approximately planar contact surface with which the refrigerant line at least substantially thermally conductive abuts the carrier board, if after preferred embodiment of the object of the invention is that the surface holding means are in the cured state above the centroid of the deformed circular cross-sectional area. By forming the refrigerant pipe with z. B. a D-shaped cross section or an oval cross-section and the design of the layer height of the cured holding means, the refrigerant pipe is held without additional measures form-fitting manner on the support surface of the carrier board. In addition, the holding means in the cured state by their volume contraction that the pipe is pressed under bias to the support surface of the support plate to achieve a particularly intense heat transfer between the latter and the refrigerant pipe. In addition, the formation of a flat contact surface on the refrigerant pipe a particularly intensive and defined system of refrigerant pipe ensured on the support surface of the carrier board to bring about a particularly intense heat exchange.
The term "oval" is understood here to mean a surface stretched along an axis of symmetry with boundary lines curved at the ends. Such fabrics may, for example, be an ellipse or two mutually facing semicircles or semi-ellipses with a rectangle therebetween.
Besonders einfach herstellbar ist die ebene Anlagefläche an der Kältemittelrohrleitung, wenn nach einer nächsten vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung des Gegenstandes der Erfindung vorgesehen ist, daß der deformierte kreisförmige Querschnitt der Kältemittelleitung zumindest annähernd halbkreisförmig ausgebildet ist.Particularly simple to produce is the flat contact surface on the refrigerant pipe, when it is provided according to a next advantageous embodiment of the subject invention that the deformed circular cross-section of the refrigerant pipe is at least approximately semicircular.
Entsprechend einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführung des Gegenstandes der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, daß die Mittel als in flüssigem Ausgangszustand verarbeiteter wärmehemmender Werkstoff ausgebildet sind.According to a further preferred embodiment of the object of the invention it is provided that the means are designed as processed in the liquid state, the heat-retentive material.
Durch eine in derartige Befestigung der Kältemittelrohrleitung an der Haltefläche der Trägerplatine ist die Kälteabgabe letzterer besonders zielgerichtet beeinflußbar. Ein auf diese Weise hergestellter Verdampfer eignet sich besonders zum Einsatz als sog. Cold-Wall-Verdampfer, da der wärmehemmende Werkstoff die Wärmeisolation der mit dem Cold-Wall-Verdampfer ausgestatteten Wand allenfalls unwesentlich vermindert ist.By a in such attachment of the refrigerant pipe to the support surface of the carrier board, the discharge of the latter latter can be influenced in a particularly targeted manner. An evaporator produced in this way is particularly suitable for use as a so-called cold-wall evaporator, since the heat-inhibiting material, the heat insulation of the wall equipped with the cold-wall evaporator is at most insignificantly reduced.
Nach einer nächsten bevorzugten Ausführungsform des Gegenstandes der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, daß der wärmehemmende Werkstoff aus aufgeschäumten Wärmeisolationsmaterial gebildet ist.According to a next preferred embodiment of the object of the invention it is provided that the heat-inhibiting material is formed of foamed heat insulating material.
Durch den Einsatz von aufschäumenden Wärmeisolationsmaterial zur Befestigung der Kältemittelrohrleitung an der Haltefläche der Trägerplatine ist auf einfache Weise ein Verdampfer hergestellt, welcher besonders zum Einsatz als sog. Cold-Wall-Verdampfer bei einem Haushaltskühlschrank geeignet ist. Zudem erfährt die mit dem Cold-Wall-Verdampfer bestückte Kühlschrankwand allenfalls eine vernachlässigbare Minderung an Wärmeisolationsvermögen. Durch den beim Aufschäumen des Wärmeisolationsmaterials entstehenden Druck innerhalb eines die Kältemittelrohrleitung an die Trägerplatine pressenden Andruckwerkzeuges ist zudem sichergestellt, daß das Wärmeisolationsmaterial die außerhalb des Kontaktbereiches zwischen der Trägerplatine und der Kältemittelrohrleitung liegenden Freiflächen zumindest in überwiegendem Maße benetzt und dadurch eine besonders intensive Halterung der Kältemittelrohrleitung an der Trägerplatine erzielt ist.Through the use of intumescent heat insulating material for fastening the refrigerant pipe to the support surface of the carrier board, an evaporator is produced in a simple manner, which is particularly suitable for use as a so-called. Cold Wall evaporator in a household refrigerator. In addition, the refrigerator wall equipped with the cold wall evaporator experiences at most a negligible reduction in heat insulation capacity. Due to the resulting during foaming of the heat insulating material pressure within a pressing the refrigerant pipe to the support plate Andruckwerkzeuges is also ensures that the heat insulation material wets the outside of the contact region between the support plate and the refrigerant pipe open spaces at least predominantly, and thus a particularly intensive support of the refrigerant pipe is achieved on the carrier board.
Entsprechend einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform des Gegenstandes der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, daß das Wärmeisolationsmaterial aus Polyurethanschaum gebildet ist.According to a further preferred embodiment of the object of the invention it is provided that the heat insulating material is formed from polyurethane foam.
Durch die adhäsive Wirkung des Polyurethanschaums im flüssigen Zustand einerseits und der verhältnismäßig hohen mechanischen Festigkeit dieses Schaummaterials andererseits ist die Kältemittelrohrleitung an der Verdampferplatine insbesondere in der Großserienfertigung prozeßsicher und mechanisch lagestabil in wärmeleitendem Kontakt zur Trägerplatine gehalten.Due to the adhesive effect of the polyurethane foam in the liquid state on the one hand and the relatively high mechanical strength of this foam material on the other hand, the refrigerant pipe to the evaporator plate, especially in mass production process safe and mechanically stable in position held in heat-conducting contact with the carrier board.
Besonders sicher positionsstabil gehalten ist die Kältemittelleitung auf der Trägerplatine, wenn nach einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung vorgesehen ist, daß die Haltemittel die Kältemittelleitung zumindest abschnittsweise entlang ihres mäanderartigen Verlaufes überdecken.The refrigerant line on the carrier board is held in a particularly stable position when, according to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the holding means cover the refrigerant line at least in sections along its meandering course.
Entsprechend einer nächsten bevorzugten Ausführungsform des Gegenstandes der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, daß die abschnittsweise Überdeckung der Kältemittelleitung durch ein zumindest annähernd netzähnliches Flächenmuster erzeugt ist.According to a next preferred embodiment of the subject matter of the invention, it is provided that the section-wise covering of the refrigerant line is produced by an at least approximately net-like surface pattern.
Durch die netzartige Überdeckung der Kältemittelleitung an ihrer von der Trägerplatine abgewandten Außenseite ist gleichzeitig eine ausreichende Befestigung der der Kältemittelrohrleitung an der Trägerplatine gewährleistet und die Aushärtezeit von beispielweise als Haltemittel zum Einsatz kommenden aufschäumenden Wärmeisolationsmaterials durch den minimierten Wirkstoffeinsatz deutlich herabgesetzt und somit die Fertigungszeit des Verdampfers optimiert.Due to the net-like overlap of the refrigerant line on its side facing away from the carrier board outside a sufficient attachment of the refrigerant pipe to the carrier board is guaranteed and significantly reduces the curing of example used as a holding agent for use intumescent heat insulating material through the minimized use of active ingredient and thus optimizes the production time of the evaporator ,
Gemäß einer letzten bevorzugten Ausführungsform des Gegenstandes der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, daß die Kältemittelleitung und die Haltemittel an ihrer von der Trägerplatine abgewandten Seite von einem wenigstens annähernd die Abmessungen der Trägerplatine aufweisenden folienartigen Werkstoff abgedeckt sind, welcher von dem ausgehärteten Haltemittel gehalten ist.According to a last preferred embodiment of the subject of the invention it is provided that the refrigerant line and the holding means on its side remote from the carrier board side of an at least approximately the dimensions the support plate having foil-like material are covered, which is held by the hardened holding means.
Durch die vollflächige Abdeckung des zur Befestigung der Kältemittelrohrleitung an der Trägerplatine dienenden Haltemittels, z. B. in Form von aufschäumenden Wärmeisolationsmaterial ist das an sich im ausgehärteten Zustand poröse Wärmeisolationsmaterial gegen mechanischen Abrieb, z. B. hervorgerufen durch die Handhabung des Verdampfers bis zu seiner Montage im Kühlschrank, geschätzt. Derartig abgedeckte Verdampfer eignen sich zudem auch zum Einsatz als sog. Rückwandverdampfer innerhalb des Kühlraumes eines Kühlschranks. Besonders geeignet zum Abdecken des aufschäumenden Wärmeisolationsmaterials ist eine als Wasserdampfsperre dienende Abschlußfolie.Due to the full-surface coverage of the attachment of the refrigerant pipe to the carrier board serving holding means, for. B. in the form of intumescent heat insulation material is porous per se in the cured state heat insulation material against mechanical abrasion, z. B. caused by the handling of the evaporator until its installation in the refrigerator, estimated. Such covered evaporators are also suitable for use as a so-called. Rear wall evaporator within the refrigerator compartment of a refrigerator. Particularly suitable for covering the foaming heat insulation material is a sealing foil serving as a water vapor barrier.
Die Erfindung ist in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung anhand eines in der beigefügten Zeichnung vereinfacht dargestellten Ausführungsbeispieles erläutert.
Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1:
- einen erfindungsgemäßen platinenartigen Verdampfer in raumbildlicher Ansicht von vorne und
- Fig. 2:
- ausschnittsweise den Verdampfer nach Fig. 1 in Schnittdarstellung gemäß der Schnittlinie II - 11.
Show it:
- Fig. 1 :
- a platinum-type evaporator according to the invention in a three-dimensional view from the front and
- Fig. 2:
- Sectionally the evaporator of Fig. 1 in a sectional view along the section line II - 11.
Gemäß Figur 1 ist ein platinenartiger, beispielsweise als sog. Cold-Wall-Verdampfer Anwendung findender Verdampfer 10 gezeigt, welcher eine aus wärmeleitendem Material, wie beispielsweise Aluminium oder auch korrosionsgeschütztem Stahlblech oder dergleichen, bestehende Trägerplatine 11 besitzt. Die Trägerplatine 11 weist an einer ihrer großflächigen Seiten eine Haltefläche 12 auf, auf welcher eine mäanderaartig geformte, als Kältemittelleitung 13 dienende Rohrleitung aus wärmeleitendem Werkstoff, wie beispielsweise Aluminium oder korrosionsgeschütztem Stahl oder dergleichen in wämeleitendem Kontakt aufliegt. Zur Erzeugung eines optimierten Wärmeübergangs von der Kältemittelleitung 13 auf die Trägerplatine 11 ist die ursprünglich einen kreisförmigen Querschnitt aufweisende Kältemittelleitung 13 hinsichtlich ihres Querschnittes derart deformiert, daß diese nach der Deformation im wesentlichen einen D-förmigen Querschnitt mit einer im wesentlichen ebenen Auflagefläche 14 aufweist, mit welcher die Kältemittelleitung 13 in wärmeleitendem Kontakt mit der Trägerplatine 11 steht (siehe hierzu Fig. 2). Zur Befestigung der Kältemittelleitung 13 in wärmeleitendem Kontakt auf der Trägerplatine11 ist erstere im vorliegenden Fall in ein als Haltemittel 15 dienendes, adhäsiv wirkendes Wärmeisolationsmaterial eingebettet, wodurch ein sandwichartiger Verdampferaufbau erzeugt ist. Dieses wird in flüssigem Ausgangszustand zumindest auf den Bereich der Haltefläche 12 aufgetragen, welcher von der mäanderartig geformten, vor dem Auftrag des flüssigen Haltemittels 15 unter einer gewissen Vorsprungkraft auf die Trägerplatine 11 gedrückten Kältemittelleitung 13 eingenommen ist. Durch die auf die Kältemittelleitung 13 ausgeübte Vorspannkraft ist sowohl eine flächige, wärmeleitende Anlage der Kältemittelleitung 13 auf der Trägerplatine 11 sichergestellt, als auch verhindert, daß das in flüssiger Ausgangsform vorliegende Haltemittel 15 zwischen die Auflagefläche 14 und die entsprechenden Abschnitte der Haltefläche 12 eindringen kann. Dabei ist aber durch das zu Beginn seiner Verarbeitung in flüssigem Zustand vorliegende Haltemittel 15, sichergestellt daß durch dessen Fließfähigkeit die durch die mäanderartige Gestalt der Kältemittelleitung 13 geschaffenen Zwischenräume zumindest weitestgehend lunkerfrei verfüllt werden. Durch die Verfüllung ist die in das Haltemittel eingebettete Kältemittelleitung 13 aufgrund ihrer Querschnittsformgebung nach dem Aushärten des adhäsiv wirkenden Haltemittels 15 formschlüssig sowohl entlang der Haltefläche 12 als auch senkrecht dazu innerhalb des Haltemittels 15 festgesetzt. Die Halterung der Kältemittelleitung 13 innerhalb des Haltemittels 15 ist zusätzlich noch durch deren zumindest die Kältemittelleitung 13 vollkommen überziehendes netzartiges Flächenmuster 16 an ihrer der Haltefläche 12 gegenüberliegenden Fläche unterstützt. Durch die netzartige Oberflächenstruktur des Haltemittels 15 ist zugleich sichergestellt, daß die Kältemittel 13 an ihrer der Auflagefläche 14 gegenüberliegenden Seite nur partiell mit dem Haltemittel 15 abgedeckt ist, und somit ein Wärmetausch des in der Kältemittelleitung 14 zirkulierenden Kältemittels nicht nur zur Trägerplatine 11 hin sondern auch gegenüberliegend dazu möglich ist, so daß sich der Verdampfer 10 auch zum Einsatz für einen beispielsweise freihängend in einem Kühlraum eines Kühlschrankes angeordneten, sog. Rückwandverdampfer eignet.According to Figure 1, a platinum-like, for example, as a so-called. Cold Wall evaporator
Neben dem im Ausführungsbeispiel als Haltemittel 15 beschriebenen Wärmeisolationsmaterial, wie aufschäumender Polyurethanschaum oder dergleichen, eignen sich auch gießfähige duroplastische Kunststoffe in Gestalt von Form- und Gießmassen zur Befestigung der Kältemittelleitung 13 an der Trägerplatine 11, wobei die duroplastischen Gieß- und Formmassen im Hinblick auf ihre adhäsive Wirkung und ihre Eigenschaft, die Wärmeausdehnung der Trägerplatine 11 einerseits und der Kältemittelleitung 13 andererseits unter Beibehaltung der geforderten Haltekraft für die Kältemittelleitung 13 an der Trägerplatine 11 gewährleisten zu können, auszuwählen sind.In addition to the heat insulating material described in the embodiment as a holding means 15, such as foaming polyurethane foam or the like, castable thermosetting plastics in the form of molding and casting compounds are also suitable for fixing the
Alternativ zu der im Ausführungsbeispiel gezeigten Kältemittelleitung 13 kann auch eine Kältemittelleitung mit kreisförmigem Querschnitt Anwendung finden. Außer für die Ausbildung als Verdampfer eignet sich der erfindungsgemäße Aufbau auch für die Bereitstellung eines Verflüssigers.As an alternative to the
Möglich ist auch, daß die Kältemittelleitung und/oder die Trägerplatine Vorsprünge aufweist, mit welchen das ausgehärtete Haltemittel formschlüssig zusammenwirkt.It is also possible that the refrigerant line and / or the carrier board has projections with which the cured holding means interacts in a form-fitting manner.
Die Kältemittelleitung und die Trägerplatine können auch ausschließlich durch die adhäsive Wirkung des Haltemittels zueinander fixiert und zusammengehalten sein.The refrigerant line and the carrier board can also be fixed and held together solely by the adhesive action of the holding means.
Claims (9)
- Domestic refrigerating appliance such as a refrigerator, a cooling and freezing combination or the like, with an evaporator which has tubular refrigerant duct, which is of at least approximately thermally conductive construction and of meander-like form and which is fixed - in substantially thermally conductive contact - on a support plate of thermally conductive construction, which is arranged at a cooling space wall of the domestic refrigerating appliance, wherein the refrigerant duct (13) is mounted in shape-locking and/or force-locking manner by an adhesively acting retaining means (15), which is processed in liquid initial state and which after its hardening process produces at least substantially the fixing of the refrigerant duct (13) to this support plate (11), wherein the retaining means is substantially kept away from the contact region between the refrigerant duct (13) and the support plate (11).
- Domestic refrigerating appliance with a refrigerant duct, which has a deformed circular cross-section with an at least approximately flat contact surface by which the refrigerant duct bears in substantially thermally conductive manner against the support plate, according to claim 1, characterised in that the retaining means (15) lies by its hardened surface over the centre of area of the deformed circular cross-sectional area of the refrigerant duct (13).
- Domestic refrigerating appliance according to claim 2, characterised in that the deformed circular cross-section of the refrigerant duct (13) is at least approximately semicircular.
- Domestic refrigerating appliance according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the retaining means (15) are formed as a heat-inhibiting material processed in liquid initial state.
- Domestic refrigerating appliance according to claim 4, characterised in that the heat-inhibiting material is formed from foamed thermal insulation material.
- Domestic refrigerating appliance according to claim 5, characterised in that the thermal insulation material is formed from foamable polyurethane foam.
- Domestic refrigerating appliance according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the retaining means (15) covers the refrigerant duct (13) at least in sections along its meander-like course.
- Domestic refrigerating appliance according to claim 7, characterised in that the covering of the refrigerant duct (13) in sections is produced by an at least approximately reticular area pattern (16).
- Domestic refrigerating appliance according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the refrigerant duct (13) and retaining means (15) are covered at their sides remote from the support plate (11) by a foil-like material which has at least approximately the dimensions of the support plate (11) and which is retained by the hardened retaining means (15).
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19938773 | 1999-08-16 | ||
DE19938773A DE19938773A1 (en) | 1999-08-16 | 1999-08-16 | Evaporator for a household refrigerator |
PCT/EP2000/007845 WO2001013051A1 (en) | 1999-08-16 | 2000-08-11 | Evaporator for a household refrigerator |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1307693A1 EP1307693A1 (en) | 2003-05-07 |
EP1307693B1 true EP1307693B1 (en) | 2006-06-14 |
Family
ID=7918540
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00956433A Expired - Lifetime EP1307693B1 (en) | 1999-08-16 | 2000-08-11 | Household refrigerator |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1307693B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1153036C (en) |
AT (1) | ATE330189T1 (en) |
BR (1) | BR0013286A (en) |
DE (2) | DE19938773A1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2265967T3 (en) |
TR (1) | TR200200091T2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2001013051A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10218826B4 (en) * | 2002-04-26 | 2007-03-22 | BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH | Heat exchanger for a refrigeration device and method for producing a heat exchanger |
RU2317501C2 (en) | 2002-04-26 | 2008-02-20 | Бсх Бош Унд Сименс Хаусгерете Гмбх | Heat exchanger for a refrigerator and a mode of manufacturing of the heat exchanger |
DE10252345A1 (en) * | 2002-11-11 | 2004-05-19 | BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH | Heat exchanger for a refrigerator has pipework for a coolant fastened on a base plate and a sleeve fitted on the base plate for holding a temperature probe |
DE20317802U1 (en) * | 2003-11-18 | 2005-03-31 | Liebherr Hausgeraete | Evaporator for a refrigerator and / or freezer |
DE102004027706A1 (en) | 2004-06-07 | 2005-12-22 | BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH | Evaporator for a refrigerator and method for its production |
DE102010043240A1 (en) * | 2010-11-03 | 2012-05-03 | BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH | Refrigerating appliance with injection molded conductor holder and method for its production |
DE102011113211A1 (en) * | 2011-09-12 | 2013-03-14 | Liebherr-Hausgeräte Ochsenhausen GmbH | Fridge and / or freezer |
DE102015015084B3 (en) * | 2015-11-18 | 2017-03-09 | Johannes Georg Mehlig | Household refrigerator or freezer |
DE102018200738A1 (en) * | 2018-01-17 | 2019-07-18 | BSH Hausgeräte GmbH | Refrigeration device and heat exchanger for it |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH287358A (en) * | 1949-12-12 | 1952-11-30 | Maschf Suerth Zweigniederlassung Der Gesellschaft Fuer Lindes Eismaschinen Ag | Process for the production of heat exchangers and heat exchangers produced by this process. |
AT297067B (en) * | 1968-03-28 | 1972-03-10 | Bauknecht Gmbh G | Cooling device for refrigerated furniture |
US3912005A (en) * | 1971-12-01 | 1975-10-14 | Kelvinator Inc | Liner assembly |
FR2193186A1 (en) * | 1972-07-20 | 1974-02-15 | Soissonnais Manufacture | |
FR2203687B1 (en) * | 1972-10-20 | 1975-06-13 | Bonnet Ets | |
GB8503011D0 (en) * | 1985-02-06 | 1985-03-06 | Caravell Mfg Ltd | Storage cabinets |
US5544495A (en) * | 1995-02-14 | 1996-08-13 | Frigid-Rigid, Inc. | Construction of refrigerated containers |
-
1999
- 1999-08-16 DE DE19938773A patent/DE19938773A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2000
- 2000-08-11 ES ES00956433T patent/ES2265967T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-08-11 AT AT00956433T patent/ATE330189T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-08-11 WO PCT/EP2000/007845 patent/WO2001013051A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2000-08-11 DE DE50013003T patent/DE50013003D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-08-11 EP EP00956433A patent/EP1307693B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-08-11 CN CNB008116849A patent/CN1153036C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-08-11 BR BR0013286-1A patent/BR0013286A/en active Search and Examination
- 2000-08-11 TR TR2002/00091T patent/TR200200091T2/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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ATE330189T1 (en) | 2006-07-15 |
CN1370263A (en) | 2002-09-18 |
TR200200091T2 (en) | 2003-01-21 |
WO2001013051A1 (en) | 2001-02-22 |
CN1153036C (en) | 2004-06-09 |
BR0013286A (en) | 2002-04-23 |
DE50013003D1 (en) | 2006-07-27 |
EP1307693A1 (en) | 2003-05-07 |
DE19938773A1 (en) | 2001-02-22 |
ES2265967T3 (en) | 2007-03-01 |
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