EP1305551B1 - Atomizing burner - Google Patents

Atomizing burner Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1305551B1
EP1305551B1 EP01965175A EP01965175A EP1305551B1 EP 1305551 B1 EP1305551 B1 EP 1305551B1 EP 01965175 A EP01965175 A EP 01965175A EP 01965175 A EP01965175 A EP 01965175A EP 1305551 B1 EP1305551 B1 EP 1305551B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
nozzle
atomizing
fuel
burner
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP01965175A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1305551A1 (en
Inventor
Felix Wolf
Bernd Mittmann
Christine Sallinger
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Webasto Thermosysteme GmbH
Webasto Thermosysteme International GmbH
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Webasto Thermosysteme GmbH
Webasto Thermosysteme International GmbH
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D11/00Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/10Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D11/00Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/10Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour
    • F23D11/101Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour medium and fuel meeting before the burner outlet
    • F23D11/102Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour medium and fuel meeting before the burner outlet in an internal mixing chamber
    • F23D11/103Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour medium and fuel meeting before the burner outlet in an internal mixing chamber with means creating a swirl inside the mixing chamber
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23CMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/07001Air swirling vanes incorporating fuel injectors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a nebulizer burner, in particular for use in a motor vehicle parking heater, according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • a device known for example from US Pat. No. 4,818,219 A or EP 0 287 712 B1 which is used in particular for auxiliary heaters for motor vehicles or other mobile units, contains an absorbent body such as a fleece, for example, which is supplied with liquid fuel through a fuel feed line.
  • the fuel supplied to this absorbent body evaporates under supply of a combustion air flow and can then be ignited by means of, for example, a glow plug.
  • US Pat. No. 3,972,182 A discloses a generic atomizer burner.
  • a swirl device is disposed within the fuel supply, which imparts a twist to the fuel.
  • the atomizer nozzle opens into a conical inflow part of a Venturi tube.
  • a further atomizing burner in which the outlet plane of a fuel atomizing atomizing nozzle under pressure is arranged approximately in the middle of a cone-shaped tapered inflow part of a Venturi tube.
  • Object of the present invention is therefore to provide a Zerstäuberbrenner that allows a high-quality atomization of the fuel for fast response times of the burner and a high efficiency thereof and can be easily and economically produced and operated.
  • the atomizer nozzle has an inner cross section, which has a pressure profile over its course, which has a minimum at least immediately around an outlet opening of the fuel from a fuel supply. The degree of pressure reduction is chosen such that the fuel is sucked from the fuel supply and thereby atomized.
  • the inner cross section of the atomizer nozzle is expediently also formed in the form of a Venturi nozzle.
  • the air-conducting device to swirl blades, which impose the swirl on the combustion air flow on its way to the atomizer nozzle.
  • the Dralischaufeln are arranged on a mounted on the nozzle carrier and that in each case two swirl vanes together with the carrier and the nozzle block form a conical channel.
  • the Tangentialluftanteil and thus the nozzle air swirl can be adjusted.
  • the swirl blades can be arranged approximately radially or substantially inclined to the radial.
  • the swirl vanes may be flat or curved in the flow direction.
  • the air-conducting device has a pot-shaped sleeve with axial bores and tangential bores formed therein and that the sleeve is attached to the nozzle, wherein the attachment may be formed positively or cohesively.
  • the sleeve can be plugged onto the nozzle.
  • the axial and the tangential bores are coordinated so that the combustion air is given a defined spin.
  • the twist can thus be determined by the choice of the size, the arrangement and the formation of the tangential and axial bores with respect to its characteristics.
  • An atomizing burner which is particularly intended for use in a motor vehicle parking heater, includes (see FIG. 1) an atomizing nozzle 2 with a nozzle 3, a fuel supply 4 for supplying a fluid in a atomizing area 6 of the atomizing nozzle 2 and a combustion chamber 8, which is surrounded by a heat shield 9 as perimeter boundary.
  • the nozzle 3 of the atomizer nozzle 2 is preceded by an air-conducting device 10, which imparts a twist to the nozzle air flowing into the atomizer nozzle 2.
  • an air-conducting device 10 which imparts a twist to the nozzle air flowing into the atomizer nozzle 2.
  • the atomizer nozzle 2 is designed as a Venturi nozzle, which has an air inflow channel 5 and the atomizer region 6 which widens in the flow direction and is flowed through by a atomizing air stream flowing in via the air-conducting device 10 into the atomizer nozzle 2.
  • a fluid or fuel supply 11 for.
  • the fuel supply 11 is preferably located on a Central axis 7 of the atomizer nozzle 2 and the Lucaseinströmkanals 5 and the atomizer 6 of the Venturi nozzle.
  • the fuel supply 11 may be a conduit, a fuel needle or a fluid nozzle to promote the fuel to be atomized almost without pressure in the venturi.
  • the atomizing nozzle 2 according to the embodiment of the burner shown in Fig. 1 is subjected to high thermal loads, it is preferably made of ceramic. Ceramic material has significant thermomechanical advantages over steel as an alternative usable material, such as lower thermal conductivity and a lower thermal expansion coefficient.
  • the air-conducting device 10 has a spacing from an end face 15 of the nozzle block 3, and z. B. formed as a circular disc carrier 12 which forms an annular gap 14 together with the end face 15 of the nozzle block 3.
  • swirl vanes 17 are arranged, which are directed against the end face 15 of the nozzle block 3 and abut it in the mounting position.
  • the swirl vanes 17 are arranged offset on the carrier 12 in each case with respect to a radial through the center of the carrier 12 formed by the fuel supply 11 to a tangential flow component to produce.
  • Two swirl vanes 17 together with the carrier 12 and the nozzle 3 form a conical channel 19 (see FIG. 2).
  • the combustion air flow flowing through the annular gap 14 is imparted with a twist by the swirl blades 17 and the conical channels 19 as it flows into the atomizer nozzle 2.
  • the heat shield 9 or the combustion chamber 8 has secondary air bores 16 at its bottom, which can be distributed over an annular edge region of the bottom of the heat shield 9.
  • the heat shield 9 of the combustion chamber 8 is a separate component via a seal 18 and a flange 20 on the nozzle 3 z. B. firmly attached by means of screws 23.
  • the flange 20 includes a further air-conducting device 21 for twisting the secondary air flowing through the secondary air bores 16 into the combustion chamber 8.
  • the air-conducting device 21 also contains in an annular gap 22 approximately radially arranged swirl blades 25, which cause a tangential flow component for swirl generation in the manner already described.
  • the atomizer burner further contains within the combustion chamber 8 in the atomization direction of the fuel in the flame zone a baffle body, which is preferably a baffle plate 24, which may preferably be formed conical, convex or concave.
  • the baffle plate 24 is cup-shaped in the present embodiment as a disc with a collar 26 against the atomization direction of the fuel, wherein the diameter of the baffle plate 24 is less than that of the combustion chamber 8 and the ratio of the diameter of the baffle plate 24 to the diameter of the combustion chamber 8 preferably between 0.6 and 0.9.
  • the baffle plate 24 is attached to the heat shield 9 with fastening tabs 28.
  • the ratio of the axial distance of the baffle plate 24 from the atomization point of the fuel at the outlet opening 13 of Fuel supply 11 to the diameter of the combustion chamber 8 is preferably between 0.3 and 0, 6.
  • An ignition device 29 shown schematically with broken lines for igniting the atomized fuel is arranged in the combustion chamber 8 adjacent to the venturi nozzle.
  • a second embodiment of a Zerstäuberbrenners includes an air-conducting device 10 ', which has a cup-shaped sleeve 30, in the bottom axial air openings 32, z. B. axial bores, and in the peripheral wall 33 peripheral air openings 34, which are also referred to as tangential bores due to their orientation, are formed.
  • the sleeve 30 is attached to the nozzle 3 of the atomizer nozzle 2, for example by plugging on the nozzle 3 or by other form-, force or cohesive connections.
  • the axial bores 32 and the tangential bores 34 are matched to one another in such a way that a defined spin is imparted to the combustion air which flows into the air inflow duct 5 and then into the atomizer region 6.
  • FIG. 4 shows an exemplary arrangement of the axial air openings or axial bores 32 and the circumferential air openings or tangential bores 34 in the sleeve 30.
  • the cup-shaped sleeve 30 shown in FIG. 5 has, in its circumferential wall 33, air openings 35 which are delimited toward the center of the sleeve 30 by a respective air guide vane 36. Through the air guide vanes 36 of the incoming combustion air a tangential flow component is impressed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Pressure-Spray And Ultrasonic-Wave- Spray Burners (AREA)
  • Nozzles For Spraying Of Liquid Fuel (AREA)
  • Spray-Type Burners (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an atomizing burner, especially for use in an automobile auxiliary heating system, comprising an atomizing nozzle (2) for processing the fuel, an ignition device (29) and a combustion chamber (8). An air conduction device (10, 12, 14) is connected upstream of a nozzle holder (3) of the atomizing nozzle (2) in order to achieve finer atomization of the fuel. Said air conduction device subjects the combustion air streaming into the atomizing nozzle (2) to a swirl.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Zerstäuberbrenner, insbesondere zur Verwendung in einer Kraftfahrzeug-Standheizung, gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The present invention relates to a nebulizer burner, in particular for use in a motor vehicle parking heater, according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

In den verschiedensten Anwendungsgebieten, wie z.B. dem Bereich der brennstoffbetriebenen Heizgeräte als Zuheizer für ein Kraftfahrzeug bzw. Standheizungen für Kraftfahrzeuge, ist es notwendig, den beispielsweise in einem Brenner zu verbrennenden flüssigen Kraftstoff aufzubereiten und ihn dabei in einen für eine Verbrennung geeigneten Zustand zu bringen.In the most diverse fields of application, such as In the field of fuel-fired heaters as a heater for a motor vehicle or auxiliary heaters for motor vehicles, it is necessary to prepare the liquid fuel to be burned, for example, in a burner and thereby bring it into a suitable state for combustion.

Eine beispielsweise aus der US 4,818,219 A oder der EP 0 287 712 B1 bekannte Vorrichtung, die insbesondere bei Standheizungen für Kraftfahrzeuge oder andere mobile Einheiten verwendet wird, enthält einen saugfähigen Körper wie beispielsweise ein Vlies, dem durch eine Brennstoffzuleitung flüssiger Brennstoff zugeführt wird. Der diesem saugfähigen Körper zugeführte Brennstoff verdampft unter Zuführung eines Verbrennungsluftstromes und kann sodann mit Hilfe beispielsweise eines Glühstiftes entzündet werden.A device known for example from US Pat. No. 4,818,219 A or EP 0 287 712 B1, which is used in particular for auxiliary heaters for motor vehicles or other mobile units, contains an absorbent body such as a fleece, for example, which is supplied with liquid fuel through a fuel feed line. The fuel supplied to this absorbent body evaporates under supply of a combustion air flow and can then be ignited by means of, for example, a glow plug.

Trotz der Vorteile dieser einfachen Art der Vergasung von flüssigen Brennstoffen hat eine derartige Vorrichtung auch Nachteile. So wird bei derartigen Verdampfern, die in Brennervorrichtungen eingesetzt werden, erhebliche Zeit benötigt, bis sich eine nutzbare Flamme ausgebildet hat, wodurch die Ansprechzeiten der mit einem derartigen Verdampfer ausgerüsteten Brenner nachteilig beeinflußt werden.Despite the advantages of this simple way of gasification of liquid fuels, such a device also has disadvantages. Thus, such evaporators used in burner devices require considerable time to form a usable flame, which adversely affects the response times of the burners equipped with such an evaporator.

Zur Umgehung dieser Nachteile sind Zerstäuberbrenner (siehe beispielsweise US 4,718,602 A, entsprechend der DE 35 36 143 A1) entwickelt worden, bei denen die Verdampfereinrichtung durch eine Zerstäuberdüse ersetzt ist. Es hat sich aber gezeigt, daß die in den Zerstäuberbrennern verwendeten Zerstäuberdüsen nicht in jedem Fall die geforderte feine Zerstäubung des Brennstoffes und Durchmischung mit der Brennluft bewirken können.To circumvent these disadvantages atomizing burner (see, for example, US 4,718,602 A, corresponding to DE 35 36 143 A1) have been developed in which the evaporator device is replaced by a spray nozzle. However, it has been shown that the atomizer nozzles used in the atomizer burners not In any case, can cause the required fine atomization of the fuel and mixing with the combustion air.

Aus der US 3 972 182 A ist ein gattungsgemäßer Zerstäuberbrenner bekannt. Bei diesem ist eine Drallvorrichtung innerhalb der Brennstoffzufuhr angeordnet, die dem Brennstoff einen Drall aufprägt. Die Zerstäuberdüse mündet in einen konischen Einströmteil eines Venturi-Rohres.US Pat. No. 3,972,182 A discloses a generic atomizer burner. In this, a swirl device is disposed within the fuel supply, which imparts a twist to the fuel. The atomizer nozzle opens into a conical inflow part of a Venturi tube.

Aus der WO 98/28493 A ist ein weiterer Zerstäuberbrenner bekannt, bei dem die Austrittsebene einer Brennstoff unter Druck zerstäubenden Zerstäuberdüse etwa in der Mitte eines sich konusförmig verjüngenden Einströmteils einer Venturi-Röhre angeordnet ist.From WO 98/28493 A, a further atomizing burner is known, in which the outlet plane of a fuel atomizing atomizing nozzle under pressure is arranged approximately in the middle of a cone-shaped tapered inflow part of a Venturi tube.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es daher, einen Zerstäuberbrenner zu schaffen, der eine hochwertige Zerstäubung des Brennstoffes für schnelle Ansprechzeiten des Brenners sowie einen hohen Wirkungsgrad desselben ermöglicht und der sich einfach und wirtschaftlich herstellen und betreiben läßt.Object of the present invention is therefore to provide a Zerstäuberbrenner that allows a high-quality atomization of the fuel for fast response times of the burner and a high efficiency thereof and can be easily and economically produced and operated.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst. Durch das Verdrallen der Düsenluft kann in Verbindung mit den aufgrund des sich verändernden Durchmessers und damit der sich verändernden Druckverhältnissen längs des Strömungskanals der Venturidüse die Zerstäubungsqualität und damit der Wirkungsgrad des Zerstäuberbrenners deutlich verbessert werden, da die Verbrennungs- oder Düsenluftgeschwindigkeit aufgrund der aufgeprägten Tangentialbewegungskomponente zusätzlich vergrößert wird. Die Zerstäuberdüse weist einen Innenquerschnitt auf, der über seinem Verlauf ein Druckprofil aufweist, das zumindest unmittelbar um eine Austrittsöffnung des Brennstoffes aus einer Brennstoffzuführung ein Minimum aufweist. Das Maß der Druckabsenkung ist derart gewählt, daß der Brennstoff aus der Brennstoffzuführung gesaugt und dabei zerstäubt wird. Der Innenquerschnitt der Zerstäuberdüse ist zweckmäßigerweise ebenfalls in Form einer Venturidüse gebildet.This object is solved by the features of patent claim 1. Due to the twisting of the nozzle air, the atomization quality and thus the efficiency of the atomizing burner can be significantly improved in connection with the due to the changing diameter and thus the changing pressure conditions along the flow channel of the Venturi, since the combustion or nozzle air velocity due to the impressed tangential motion additionally increases becomes. The atomizer nozzle has an inner cross section, which has a pressure profile over its course, which has a minimum at least immediately around an outlet opening of the fuel from a fuel supply. The degree of pressure reduction is chosen such that the fuel is sucked from the fuel supply and thereby atomized. The inner cross section of the atomizer nozzle is expediently also formed in the form of a Venturi nozzle.

Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben.Advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the subclaims.

In einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung weist die luftleitende Einrichtung Drallschaufeln auf, die dem Verbrennungsluftstrom auf seinem Weg zur Zerstäuberdüse den Drall aufprägen.In a preferred embodiment, the air-conducting device to swirl blades, which impose the swirl on the combustion air flow on its way to the atomizer nozzle.

Zweckmäßigerweise ist vorgesehen, daß die Dralischaufeln auf einem an dem Düsenstock angebrachten Träger angeordnet sind und daß jeweils zwei Drallschaufeln zusammen mit dem Träger und dem Düsenstock einen konischen Kanal bilden. Je nach Winkeleinstellung dieser Drallschaufeln zu einer jeweils radialen Ebene kann der Tangentialluftanteil und somit der Düsenluftdrall eingestellt werden. Dabei können die Drallschaufeln annähernd radial oder zu der Radialen wesentlich geneigt angeordnet sein. Die Drallschaufeln können in Strömungsrichtung eben oder gekrümmt gebildet sein.Appropriately, it is provided that the Dralischaufeln are arranged on a mounted on the nozzle carrier and that in each case two swirl vanes together with the carrier and the nozzle block form a conical channel. Depending on the angle setting of these swirl blades to a respective radial plane, the Tangentialluftanteil and thus the nozzle air swirl can be adjusted. In this case, the swirl blades can be arranged approximately radially or substantially inclined to the radial. The swirl vanes may be flat or curved in the flow direction.

Gemäß einer alternativen bevorzugten Ausgestaltung ist vorgesehen, daß die luftleitende Einrichtung eine topfförmige Hülse mit darin ausgebildeten Axialbohrungen und Tangentialbohrungen aufweist und daß die Hülse an dem Düsenstock befestigt ist, wobei die Befestigung formschlüssig oder stoffschlüssig gebildet sein kann. Alternativ kann die Hülse auf den Düsenstock aufgesteckt sein.According to an alternative preferred embodiment, it is provided that the air-conducting device has a pot-shaped sleeve with axial bores and tangential bores formed therein and that the sleeve is attached to the nozzle, wherein the attachment may be formed positively or cohesively. Alternatively, the sleeve can be plugged onto the nozzle.

Die Axial- und die Tangentialbohrungen sind derart aufeinander abgestimmt, daß der Verbrennungsluft ein definierter Drall verliehen wird. Der Drall kann somit durch die Wahl der Größe, der Anordnung und der Ausbildung der Tangential- und Axialbohrungen zueinander bezüglich seiner Charakteristika bestimmt werden.The axial and the tangential bores are coordinated so that the combustion air is given a defined spin. The twist can thus be determined by the choice of the size, the arrangement and the formation of the tangential and axial bores with respect to its characteristics.

Weitere Eigenschaften und Vorteile der vorliegenden Erfindung ergeben sich aus der Beschreibung bevorzugter Ausführungsbeispiele unter Bezugnahme auf beiliegende Zeichnungen. Es zeigt:

Fig. 1
in einer schematischen Längsquerschnittansicht eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform eines Zerstäuberbrenners gemäß der Erfindung;
Fig. 2
in einer perspektivischen Ansicht eine luftleitende Einrichtung des Zerstäuberbrenners der Fig. 1;
Fig. 3
in einer schematischen Längsquerschnittansicht eine zweite bevorzugte Ausführungsform eines Zerstäuberbrenners gemäß der Erfindung;
Fig. 4
in einer schematische Querschnittansicht entlang der Linie A - A in Fig. 3 die luftleitende Einrichtung der Ausführungsform nach Fig. 3; und
Fig. 5
in einer schematische Querschnittansicht gemäß Fig. 4 eine alternative Gestaltung der luftleitenden Einrichtung.
Further features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the description of preferred embodiments with reference to accompanying drawings. It shows:
Fig. 1
in a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of a preferred embodiment of a Zerstäuberbrenners according to the invention;
Fig. 2
in a perspective view of an air-conducting device of the atomizing burner of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3
in a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of a second preferred embodiment of a Zerstäuberbrenners according to the invention;
Fig. 4
in a schematic cross-sectional view taken along the line A - A in Figure 3, the air-conducting device of the embodiment of FIG. 3. and
Fig. 5
in a schematic cross-sectional view of FIG. 4 shows an alternative design of the air-conducting device.

Ein Zerstäuberbrenner, der insbesondere zur Verwendung in einer Kraftfahrzeug-Standheizung vorgesehen ist, enthält (siehe Fig. 1) eine Zerstäuberdüse 2 mit einem Düsenstock 3, eine Brennstoffversorgung 4 zum Zuführen von fluidförmigem Brennstoff in einen Zerstäuberbereich 6 der Zerstäuberdüse 2 und eine Brennkammer 8, die von einem Hitzeschild 9 als Umfangsbegrenzung umgeben ist. Dem Düsenstock 3 der Zerstäuberdüse 2 ist eine luftleitende Einrichtung 10 vorgeschaltet, die der in die Zerstäuberdüse 2 einströmenden Düsenluft einen Drall aufprägt. Bei der in der Fig. 1 dargestellten Ausführungsform ist die Zerstäuberdüse 2 als Venturidüse gestaltet, die einen Lufteinströmkanal 5 und den sich in Strömungsrichtung erweiternden Zerstäuberbereich 6 aufweist und von einem über die luftleitende Einrichtung 10 in die Zerstäuberdüse 2 einströmenden Zerstäubungsluftstrom durchströmt wird. In den Lufteinströmkanal 5 der Zerstäuberdüse 2 ragt eine Fluid- oder Brennstoffzuführung 11, z. B. eine Brennstoffnadel, hinein (siehe auch Fig. 2), die eine definiert angeordnete Austrittsöffnung 13 aufweist. Die Brennstoffzuführung 11 befindet sich dabei bevorzugt auf einer Mittelachse 7 der Zerstäuberdüse 2 bzw. des Lufteinströmkanals 5 und des Zerstäuberbereichs 6 der Venturidüse.An atomizing burner, which is particularly intended for use in a motor vehicle parking heater, includes (see FIG. 1) an atomizing nozzle 2 with a nozzle 3, a fuel supply 4 for supplying a fluid in a atomizing area 6 of the atomizing nozzle 2 and a combustion chamber 8, which is surrounded by a heat shield 9 as perimeter boundary. The nozzle 3 of the atomizer nozzle 2 is preceded by an air-conducting device 10, which imparts a twist to the nozzle air flowing into the atomizer nozzle 2. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the atomizer nozzle 2 is designed as a Venturi nozzle, which has an air inflow channel 5 and the atomizer region 6 which widens in the flow direction and is flowed through by a atomizing air stream flowing in via the air-conducting device 10 into the atomizer nozzle 2. In the air inlet channel 5 of the atomizer nozzle 2 projects a fluid or fuel supply 11, for. As a fuel needle, into it (see also Fig. 2), which has a defined outlet opening 13. The fuel supply 11 is preferably located on a Central axis 7 of the atomizer nozzle 2 and the Lufteinströmkanals 5 and the atomizer 6 of the Venturi nozzle.

Wird die Zerstäuberdüse 2 von einem Verbrennungsluftstrom durchströmt, baut sich innerhalb der Zerstäuberdüse 2 ein Druckprofil auf, wobei im Lufteinströmkanal 5 zunächst ein hoher statischer Druck herrscht, der in Strömungsrichtung zum Zerstäuberbereich 6 abfällt und an der Austrittsöffnung 13 der Brennstoffzuführung 11 für den zu zerstäubenden Brennstoff sein Minimum erreicht hat. Von der Brennstoffzuführung 11 zur Austrittsöffnung 13 geförderter Brennstoff wird aufgrund dessen in einer Weise angesaugt, daß er beim Austritt aus der Austrittsöffnung 13 der Brennstoffzuführung 11 durch die hohe Luftgeschwindigkeit an dieser Stelle zerrissen und somit zerstäubt wird. Die Brennstoffzuführung 11 kann eine Leitung, eine Brennstoffnadel oder eine Fluiddüse sein, um den zu zerstäubenden Brennstoff nahezu drucklos in die Venturidüse zu fördern.If the atomizer nozzle 2 flows through a combustion air stream, a pressure profile builds up inside the atomizer nozzle 2, wherein initially a high static pressure prevails in the air inlet channel 5, which drops in the flow direction to the atomizer region 6 and at the outlet opening 13 of the fuel supply 11 for the fuel to be atomized has reached its minimum. Due to the fuel supplied from the fuel supply 11 to the outlet opening 13 fuel is sucked in such a way that it is torn at the outlet from the outlet opening 13 of the fuel supply 11 by the high air velocity at this point and thus atomized. The fuel supply 11 may be a conduit, a fuel needle or a fluid nozzle to promote the fuel to be atomized almost without pressure in the venturi.

Da die Zerstäuberdüse 2 gemäß der Ausführungsform des in Fig. 1 dargestellten Brenners hohen thermischen Belastungen ausgesetzt ist, ist sie bevorzugt aus Keramik hergestellt. Keramikmaterial hat gegenüber Stahl als alternativ verwendbarem Material bedeutende thermomechanische Vorteile wie eine geringere thermische Leitfähigkeit sowie einen geringeren thermischen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten.Since the atomizing nozzle 2 according to the embodiment of the burner shown in Fig. 1 is subjected to high thermal loads, it is preferably made of ceramic. Ceramic material has significant thermomechanical advantages over steel as an alternative usable material, such as lower thermal conductivity and a lower thermal expansion coefficient.

Die luftleitende Einrichtung 10 enthält in der in Fig. 1 dargestellten Ausführungsform eines Zerstäuberbrenners einen gegenüber einer Stirnfläche 15 des Düsenstocks 3 beabstandet angeordneten und z. B. als Kreisscheibe gebildeten Träger 12, der zusammen mit der Stirnfläche 15 des Düsenstocks 3 einen Ringspalt 14 bildet. An dem Träger 12 sind Drallschaufeln 17 angeordnet, die gegen die Stirnfläche 15 des Düsenstocks 3 gerichtet sind und in der Montagestellung daran anliegen. Die Drallschaufeln 17 sind an dem Träger 12 jeweils bezüglich einer Radialen durch den von der Brennstoffzuführung 11 gebildeten Mittelpunkt des Trägers 12 versetzt angeordnet, um eine tangentiale Strömungskomponente zu erzeugen. Jeweils zwei Drallschaufeln 17 bilden zusammen mit dem Träger 12 und dem Düsenstock 3 einen konischen Kanal 19 (siehe Fig. 2). Dem durch den Ringspalt 14 zuströmende Verbrennungsluftstrom wird durch die Drallschaufeln 17 und die konischen Kanäle 19 beim Einströmen in die Zerstäuberdüse 2 einen Drall aufprägt.In the embodiment of an atomizing burner illustrated in FIG. 1, the air-conducting device 10 has a spacing from an end face 15 of the nozzle block 3, and z. B. formed as a circular disc carrier 12 which forms an annular gap 14 together with the end face 15 of the nozzle block 3. On the support 12 swirl vanes 17 are arranged, which are directed against the end face 15 of the nozzle block 3 and abut it in the mounting position. The swirl vanes 17 are arranged offset on the carrier 12 in each case with respect to a radial through the center of the carrier 12 formed by the fuel supply 11 to a tangential flow component to produce. Two swirl vanes 17 together with the carrier 12 and the nozzle 3 form a conical channel 19 (see FIG. 2). The combustion air flow flowing through the annular gap 14 is imparted with a twist by the swirl blades 17 and the conical channels 19 as it flows into the atomizer nozzle 2.

Das Hitzeschild 9 bzw. die Brennkammer 8 weist in der in Fig. 1 dargestellten Ausführungsform an seinem Boden Sekundärluftbohrungen 16 auf, die über einen ringförmigen Randbereich des Bodens des Hitzeschildes 9 verteilt sein können. In Fig. 1 sind beispielhaft nur zwei dieser Sekundärluftbohrungen 16 dargestellt. Darüber hinaus können auch in der Seiten- oder Umfangswand des Hitzeschildes 9 Sekundärluftbohrungen vorgesehen sein. Das Hitzeschild 9 der Brennkammer 8 ist als separates Bauteil über eine Dichtung 18 und einen Flansch 20 an dem Düsenstock 3 z. B. mittels Schrauben 23 fest angebracht. Der Flansch 20 enthält eine weitere luftleitende Einrichtung 21 zum Verdrallen der durch die Sekundärluftbohrungen 16 in den Brennraum 8 einströmenden Sekundärluft. Die luftleitende Einrichtung 21 enthält ebenfalls in einem Ringspalt 22 annähernd radial angeordnete Drallschaufeln 25, die in der bereits beschriebenen Weise eine tangentiale Strömungskomponente zur Drallerzeugung bewirken.In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, the heat shield 9 or the combustion chamber 8 has secondary air bores 16 at its bottom, which can be distributed over an annular edge region of the bottom of the heat shield 9. In Fig. 1, only two of these secondary air holes 16 are exemplified. In addition, 9 secondary air holes can be provided in the side or peripheral wall of the heat shield. The heat shield 9 of the combustion chamber 8 is a separate component via a seal 18 and a flange 20 on the nozzle 3 z. B. firmly attached by means of screws 23. The flange 20 includes a further air-conducting device 21 for twisting the secondary air flowing through the secondary air bores 16 into the combustion chamber 8. The air-conducting device 21 also contains in an annular gap 22 approximately radially arranged swirl blades 25, which cause a tangential flow component for swirl generation in the manner already described.

Der Zerstäuberbrenner enthält des weiteren innerhalb der Brennkammer 8 in Zerstäubungsrichtung des Brennstoffes in der Flammenzone einen Staukörper, der vorzugsweise eine Prallscheibe 24 ist, die bevorzugt konisch, konvex oder konkav gebildet sein kann. Die Prallscheibe 24 ist in der vorliegenden Ausführungsform als Scheibe mit einem Kragen 26 entgegen der Zerstäubungsrichtung des Brennstoffes topfförmig ausgebildet, wobei der Durchmesser der Prallscheibe 24 geringer ist als derjenige der Brennkammer 8 und das Verhältnis vom Durchmesser der Prallscheibe 24 zum Durchmesser der Brennkammer 8 vorzugsweise zwischen 0,6 und 0,9 liegt. Die Prallscheibe 24 ist mit Befestigungslaschen 28 an dem Hitzeschild 9 befestigt. Das Verhältnis des axialen Abstands der Prallscheibe 24 vom Zerstäubungspunkt des Brennstoffes an der Austrittsöffnung 13 der Brennstoffzuführung 11 zu dem Durchmesser der Brennkammer 8 liegt vorzugsweise zwischen 0,3 und 0, 6. Eine schematisch mit unterbrochenen Linien dargestellte Zündeinrichtung 29 zum Entzünden des zerstäubten Brennstoffes ist in der Brennkammer 8 anschließend an die Venturidüse angeordnet.The atomizer burner further contains within the combustion chamber 8 in the atomization direction of the fuel in the flame zone a baffle body, which is preferably a baffle plate 24, which may preferably be formed conical, convex or concave. The baffle plate 24 is cup-shaped in the present embodiment as a disc with a collar 26 against the atomization direction of the fuel, wherein the diameter of the baffle plate 24 is less than that of the combustion chamber 8 and the ratio of the diameter of the baffle plate 24 to the diameter of the combustion chamber 8 preferably between 0.6 and 0.9. The baffle plate 24 is attached to the heat shield 9 with fastening tabs 28. The ratio of the axial distance of the baffle plate 24 from the atomization point of the fuel at the outlet opening 13 of Fuel supply 11 to the diameter of the combustion chamber 8 is preferably between 0.3 and 0, 6. An ignition device 29 shown schematically with broken lines for igniting the atomized fuel is arranged in the combustion chamber 8 adjacent to the venturi nozzle.

Eine zweite Ausführungsform eines Zerstäuberbrenners (siehe Fig. 3 und 4, in denen gegenüber der ersten Ausführungsform identische Elemente mit identischen Bezugszeichen versehen sind) enthält eine luftleitende Einrichtung 10', die eine topfförmige Hülse 30 aufweist, in deren Boden axiale Luftöffnungen 32, z. B. Axialbohrungen, und in deren Umfangswand 33 Umfangsluftöffnungen 34, die aufgrund ihrer Ausrichtung auch als Tangentialbohrungen bezeichnet werden, ausgebildet sind. Die Hülse 30 ist an dem Düsenstock 3 der Zerstäuberdüse 2 befestigt, beispielsweise durch Aufstecken auf den Düsenstock 3 oder durch anderweitige form-, kraft- oder stoffschlüssige Verbindungen. Die Axialbohrungen 32 und die Tangentialbohrungen 34 sind derart aufeinander abgestimmt, daß der Verbrennungsluft, die in den Lufteinströmkanal 5 und danach in den Zerstäuberbereich 6 einströmt, ein definierter Drall verliehen wird.A second embodiment of a Zerstäuberbrenners (see FIGS. 3 and 4, in which compared to the first embodiment, identical elements are provided with identical reference numerals) includes an air-conducting device 10 ', which has a cup-shaped sleeve 30, in the bottom axial air openings 32, z. B. axial bores, and in the peripheral wall 33 peripheral air openings 34, which are also referred to as tangential bores due to their orientation, are formed. The sleeve 30 is attached to the nozzle 3 of the atomizer nozzle 2, for example by plugging on the nozzle 3 or by other form-, force or cohesive connections. The axial bores 32 and the tangential bores 34 are matched to one another in such a way that a defined spin is imparted to the combustion air which flows into the air inflow duct 5 and then into the atomizer region 6.

Fig. 4 zeigt eine beispielhafte Anordnung der axialen Luftöffnungen oder Axialbohrungen 32 und der Umfangsluftöffnungen oder Tangentialbohrungen 34 in der Hülse 30. Durch eine Variation der Anzahl der Öffnungen bzw. Bohrungen 32, 34 sowie ihrer Größe und Anordnung kann der Drall der Verbrennungsluftströmung bedarfsweise eingestellt werden.4 shows an exemplary arrangement of the axial air openings or axial bores 32 and the circumferential air openings or tangential bores 34 in the sleeve 30. By varying the number of openings or holes 32, 34 and their size and arrangement, the swirl of the combustion air flow can be adjusted as needed ,

Die in Fig. 5 dargestellte topfförmige Hülse 30 weist in ihrer Umfangswand 33 Luftöffnungen 35 auf, die zum Zentrum der Hülse 30 hin von einer jeweiligen Luftleitschaufel 36 begrenzt sind. Durch die Luftleitschaufeln 36 wird der einströmenden Verbrennungsluft eine tangentiale Strömungskomponente aufgeprägt.The cup-shaped sleeve 30 shown in FIG. 5 has, in its circumferential wall 33, air openings 35 which are delimited toward the center of the sleeve 30 by a respective air guide vane 36. Through the air guide vanes 36 of the incoming combustion air a tangential flow component is impressed.

Es ist offensichtlich, daß auch Kombinationen der einzelnen Merkmale der beiden Ausführungsformen zum Einstellen einer gewünschten luftleitenden Wirkung möglich sind.It is obvious that combinations of the individual features of the two embodiments for setting a desired air-conducting effect are possible.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

22
Zerstäuberdüseatomizer
33
Düsenstocknozzle
44
Brennstoffversorgungfuel supply
55
Lufteinströmkanalair inflow
66
Zerstäuberbereichsputter
77
Mittelachsecentral axis
88th
Brennkammercombustion chamber
99
Hitzeschildheat shield
1010
luftleitende Einrichtungair-conducting device
10'10 '
luftleitende Einrichtungair-conducting device
1111
Brennstoffzuführungfuel supply
1212
Trägercarrier
1313
Austrittsöffnungoutlet opening
1414
Ringspaltannular gap
1515
Stirnflächeface
1616
SekundärluftbohrungSecondary air hole
1717
Drallschaufelswirl blade
1818
Dichtungpoetry
1919
Kanalchannel
2020
Flanschflange
2121
luftleitende Einrichtungair-conducting device
2222
Ringspaltannular gap
2424
Prallscheibebaffle plate
2525
Drallschaufelswirl blade
2626
Kragencollar
2828
Befestigungslaschemounting tab
2929
Zündeinrichtungignition device
3030
Hülseshell
3232
Axialbohrungaxial bore
3333
Umfangswandperipheral wall
3434
Luftöffnungair opening
3535
Luftöffnungair opening
3636
Luftleitschaufelair deflector

Claims (11)

  1. Atomizing burner, in particular for use in a motor vehicle auxiliary heating system having an atomizer nozzle (2) for preparing the fuel, which nozzle is designed as a Venturi nozzle, having an ignition means and a combustion chamber (8), an air-guiding device (10, 10') being connected upstream of the burner nozzle assembly (3) of the atomizer nozzle (2) and imparting a swirl to the combustion air flowing into the atomizer nozzle (2),
    characterized in that
    the atomizer nozzle (2) has an internal cross section which has a static pressure profile over its course which has its minimum at least directly around an outlet opening (13) of the fuel from a fuel feed (11), resulting in a high flow velocity which tears the fuel out of the fuel feed (11) and atomizes it.
  2. Atomizing burner according to Claim 1, characterized in that the air-guiding device (10) has swirl blades (17).
  3. Atomizing burner according to Claim 2, characterized in that the swirl blades (17) are arranged on a carrier (12) which is mounted on the burner nozzle assembly (3), and in that in each case two swirl blades (17) together with the carrier (12) and the burner nozzle assembly (3) form a conical channel (19).
  4. Atomizing burner according to Claim 1, characterized in that the air-guiding device (10') has a pot-shaped sleeve (30) which is fixed to the burner nozzle assembly (3) with axial air openings (32) formed therein and peripheral air openings (34, 35) formed in a peripheral wall (33).
  5. Atomizing burner according to Claim 4, characterized in that the peripheral air openings (34) are holes formed approximately tangentially with respect to the peripheral wall (33).
  6. Atomizing burner according to Claim 4 or 5, characterized in that there are air guide blades (36) arranged on the peripheral air openings (35).
  7. Atomizing burner according to one of Claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the axial air openings (32) and the peripheral air openings (34; 35) are matched to one another such that a defined swirl is imparted to the combustion air.
  8. Atomizing burner according to one of Claims 4 to 7, characterized in that the sleeve (30) is connected to the burner nozzle assembly (3) by a form fit.
  9. Atomizing burner according to one of Claims 4 to 7, characterized in that the sleeve (30) is connected to the burner nozzle assembly (3) by a material fit.
  10. Atomizing burner according to one of Claims 4 to 7, characterized in that the sleeve (30) is plugged onto the burner nozzle assembly (3).
  11. Atomizing burner according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the atomizer nozzle (2) is at least partly formed of ceramic material.
EP01965175A 2000-08-06 2001-08-06 Atomizing burner Expired - Lifetime EP1305551B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10039152A DE10039152A1 (en) 2000-08-06 2000-08-06 atomizer burner
DE10039152 2000-08-06
PCT/EP2001/009065 WO2002012792A1 (en) 2000-08-06 2001-08-06 Atomizing burner

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1305551A1 EP1305551A1 (en) 2003-05-02
EP1305551B1 true EP1305551B1 (en) 2007-01-10

Family

ID=7652045

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01965175A Expired - Lifetime EP1305551B1 (en) 2000-08-06 2001-08-06 Atomizing burner

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Country Link
US (1) US20030022123A1 (en)
EP (1) EP1305551B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2004506167A (en)
KR (1) KR100771965B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1198079C (en)
AU (1) AU2001285874A1 (en)
DE (2) DE10039152A1 (en)
HU (1) HUP0203137A2 (en)
PL (1) PL196411B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2002012792A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20030022123A1 (en) 2003-01-30
CN1198079C (en) 2005-04-20
HUP0203137A2 (en) 2003-01-28
JP2004506167A (en) 2004-02-26
DE50111858D1 (en) 2007-02-22
AU2001285874A1 (en) 2002-02-18
WO2002012792A1 (en) 2002-02-14
KR20020033213A (en) 2002-05-04
PL353403A1 (en) 2003-11-17
KR100771965B1 (en) 2007-11-01
EP1305551A1 (en) 2003-05-02
PL196411B1 (en) 2007-12-31
DE10039152A1 (en) 2002-02-14
CN1386182A (en) 2002-12-18

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