EP1303315A1 - Processus et dispositif permettant de desodoriser un environnement - Google Patents

Processus et dispositif permettant de desodoriser un environnement

Info

Publication number
EP1303315A1
EP1303315A1 EP00953705A EP00953705A EP1303315A1 EP 1303315 A1 EP1303315 A1 EP 1303315A1 EP 00953705 A EP00953705 A EP 00953705A EP 00953705 A EP00953705 A EP 00953705A EP 1303315 A1 EP1303315 A1 EP 1303315A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
container
particles
perfume
perfumed
emitting
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP00953705A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Carl Eric Kaiser
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Procter and Gamble Co
Original Assignee
Procter and Gamble Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Procter and Gamble Co filed Critical Procter and Gamble Co
Publication of EP1303315A1 publication Critical patent/EP1303315A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L9/00—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
    • A61L9/015—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using gaseous or vaporous substances, e.g. ozone
    • A61L9/02—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using gaseous or vaporous substances, e.g. ozone using substances evaporated in the air by heating or combustion
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L15/00—Washing or rinsing machines for crockery or tableware
    • A47L15/42—Details
    • A47L15/44—Devices for adding cleaning agents; Devices for dispensing cleaning agents, rinsing aids or deodorants
    • A47L15/4481—Deodorants, perfumes or odor removals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L9/00—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
    • A61L9/015—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using gaseous or vaporous substances, e.g. ozone
    • A61L9/02—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using gaseous or vaporous substances, e.g. ozone using substances evaporated in the air by heating or combustion
    • A61L9/03—Apparatus therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L9/00—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
    • A61L9/015—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using gaseous or vaporous substances, e.g. ozone
    • A61L9/04—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using gaseous or vaporous substances, e.g. ozone using substances evaporated in the air without heating
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L9/00—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
    • A61L9/015—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using gaseous or vaporous substances, e.g. ozone
    • A61L9/04—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using gaseous or vaporous substances, e.g. ozone using substances evaporated in the air without heating
    • A61L9/042—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using gaseous or vaporous substances, e.g. ozone using substances evaporated in the air without heating with the help of a macromolecular compound as a carrier or diluent
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L9/00—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
    • A61L9/015—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using gaseous or vaporous substances, e.g. ozone
    • A61L9/04—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using gaseous or vaporous substances, e.g. ozone using substances evaporated in the air without heating
    • A61L9/048—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using gaseous or vaporous substances, e.g. ozone using substances evaporated in the air without heating air treating gels
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L9/00—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
    • A61L9/015—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using gaseous or vaporous substances, e.g. ozone
    • A61L9/04—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using gaseous or vaporous substances, e.g. ozone using substances evaporated in the air without heating
    • A61L9/12—Apparatus, e.g. holders, therefor
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F39/00—Details of washing machines not specific to a single type of machines covered by groups D06F9/00 - D06F27/00 
    • D06F39/02—Devices for adding soap or other washing agents
    • D06F39/024—Devices for adding soap or other washing agents mounted on the agitator or the rotating drum; Free body dispensers

Definitions

  • the invention concerns the deodorizing, refreshing and/or fragrancing of environments.
  • deodorising and/or fragrancing of an environment is a well-known problem in the art.
  • a variety of processes and devices have been disclosed and/or commercialised which attempt to solve that problem.
  • a deodorising and/or fragrancing device is placed inside the environment to be deodorised and/or fragranced. After a while, when it is no longer active in deodorising and/or fragrancing the environment, the device is being disposed of and replaced by a fresh device.
  • none of these devices known to date are satisfactory. Thus, there is a need for improvement in such devices in some or all of the following areas:
  • the device should be effective even after having been exposed to wet conditions.
  • the device should be effective over a wide range of temperatures.
  • the device should offer a continuous and linear release of the perfume.
  • the device should be refillable.
  • the device should offer to the consumer flexibility in the nature and intensity of the perfume it wants the device to release.
  • the invention is a process of deodorizing and/or fragrancing an environment which is sometimes wet and sometimes dry, such as a bathroom, a shower stall, an automatic laundry or dish washing machine, a Jacuzzi or a hot tub, where a deodorising and/or fragrancing device is placed inside said environment, said device being a container (1 ) comprising a plurality of perfumed particles (2) emitting their perfume to the outside of the container, in said environment.
  • the invention also encompasses such device provided with usage instructions to use it in such a specific environment.
  • the invention also encompasses perfumed particles provided with usage instructions to use them in such a device in such an environment.
  • the invention encompasses such a device wherein said container (1) is rigid.
  • the container (1) comprises holes (3) of different sizes and which are all smaller than the smaller particle (2) contained in said container (1).
  • the perfumed particles (2) in the container (1 ) are not all of the same size.
  • the container (1 ) contains different particles (2) comprising different perfumes.
  • the container (1 ) comprises perfumed particles (2) which fill between 5 % and 95 % of the inner volume of said container, preferably 20% to 80%.
  • Figure 1 is an outside perspective view of a closed container according to the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is an outside perspective view of the container of figure 1 , in its opened configuration.
  • a container (1) is made of polyethylene, and has a length of 9 cm, a width of 5 cm, and a height of 2.5 cm. Holes (3) with a diameter of 0.15 cm are drilled in the container.
  • the container is openable and comprises to that effect a closure (4).
  • the inside of the container is divided in two compartments (5,5') of equal divisions. Each compartment comprises a population of perfumed particles (2) (not shown in 5).
  • the device according to the invention is a deodorising and/or fragrancing device.
  • deodorising and/or fragrancing it is meant that the device emits a perfume which either fragrances an environment, or deodorises it by masking malodors.
  • the device comprises a container which contains perfumed particles emitting their perfume to the outside of the container.
  • the device according to and used in the present invention comprises a container.
  • the container can be a flexible sachet, but it is preferably a substantially rigid container, made of plastic, such as polyethylene or polypropylene.
  • plastic such as polyethylene or polypropylene.
  • the container must be so as to ensure that the perfume emitted by the particles can diffuse outside.
  • the container can therefore be made of a material which is, as such, permeable to perfumes, for instance LDPE.
  • perfume migration through the material may be slow and more difficult to control, so that in a preferred embodiment the container is made of any plastic, and the container comprises holes which are all smaller than the smaller perfume particle contained.
  • the holes of the container are not all of the same size. Indeed, holes of different sizes may have different functions: smaller holes may have a predominant role in the release of perfume, while larger holes may be required for a quick enough drying of the device after it had been wet when used in a wet environment. Allowing the inside of the device to dry faster is desirable so as to maintain the efficiency of the device in releasing its perfume.
  • the container is closed in that it does not allow for particles to be released, but in a particularly advantageous execution, the container is openable and recloseable so that used particles can be disposed of and replaced by fresh particles.
  • the particles to be put inside the container are perfumed particles which emit their perfume gradually over time.
  • Particles suitable for use herein may be made of polymers, or clay, or porous rocks or stones such as pumice, silica or silicates.
  • polymeric particles such as those which have been disclosed in W09947182, GB1 , 589,201 , US 3,505,432, US 4,247,498, US 4,156,067, and Scharfft, Modern Plastics Encyclopedia, Mc Graw-Hill Publishing Company, 1982-1983, pp 274-275, all of which are incorporated herein by reference, US 4,521 ,541 , US 4,542,162, US 5,543,398, all incorporated herein by reference.
  • the process for making such particles involves mixing a molten plastic with the perfume, and allowing the mix to solidify in the appropriate shape.
  • the fragrance material within the polymer preferably has a calculated logP in the range of from about 3 up to about 8, wherein P is the partition coefficient of the active or bioactive material between n-octanol and water.
  • the perfume ingredients are preferred to have a boiling point of 250°C.
  • the logP of many perfume ingredients has been reported; for example, the Pomona92 database, available from Daylight Chemical Information Systems, Inc. (Daylight CIS), Irvine, California contains many, along with citations to the original literature. However, the logP values are most conveniently calculated by the "CLOGP” program, also available from Daylight CIS. This program also lists experimental logP values when they are available in the Pomona92 database.
  • the "calculated logP11 (ClogP) is determined by the fragment approach of Hansch and Leo (cf., A. Leo, in Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry, Volume 4, C. Hansch, P.G. Sammens, J.B. Taylor and C.A.
  • Non-enduring perfume ingredients which are preferably minimized in the present invention, are those having a B.P. of less than about 250°C or having a ClogP of less than about 3.0 or having both a B.P. of less than about 250°C and a ClogP of less than about 3.0.
  • the table below gives some non-limiting examples of non-enduring perfume ingredients.
  • the perfume compositions used in the present invention contain less than about 30 weight percent of non- enduring perfume ingredients, preferably less than about 25 weight percent of non-enduring perfume ingredients, more preferably , less than about 20 weight percent of non-enduring perfume ingredients, and even more preferably, less than about 15 weight percent of non-enduring perfume ingredients.
  • Examples of perfume materials which have a calculated ClogP > 3 are as set forth in the following table: Examples of Enduring Perfume Ingredients Approximate Perfume Ingredients 1 B.P. (-C) (a) ClogP B.P. > 250°C and ClogP > 3.0 Allyl cyclohexane propionate 267 3.935 Ambrettolide 300 6.261 Amyl benzoate 262 3.417 Amyl cinnamate 310 3.771 Amyl cinnamic aldehyde 285 4.324 Amyl cinnamic aldehyde dimethyl 300 4.033 acetal iso-Amyl salicylate 277 4.601 Aurantiol 450 4.216 Benzophenone 306 3.120 Benzyl salicylate 300 4.383 para-tert-Butyl cyclohexyl acetate +250 4.019 iso-Butyl quinoline 252 4.193 O-Caryophyllene 2S6
  • Oxahexadecanolide-ii MP 350°C 4.336 Patchouli alcohol 285 4.530 Phantolide 288 5.997 Phenyl ethyl benzoate 300 4.058 Phenyl ethyl phenyl acetate 325 3.767 Phenyl heptanol 261 3.478 Phenyl hexanol 258 3.299 cc- santalol 301 3.800 Thibetolide 280 6.246 8-UndecaIactone 290 3.830 table- continued Examples of Enduring Perfume Ingredients Approximate Perfume Ingredients 1 B.P. (OC) (a) ClogP B.P.
  • M.P. is melting point; these ingredients have a B.P. higher than 250°C.
  • the particles are made of plastic, it is ensured that water, whenever present, does not permeate the particles so that the perfume components present within the particles are protected until they are released. Furthermore, the use of plastic ensures that the particles are not deteriorated when the device is exposed to warm temperatures. The device is thus useable across a wide range of temperatures.
  • the particles herein are preferably substantially spherical, as opposed to rods or square or rectangular blocks. Indeed, when spherical, the particles have increased mobility inside the device, so that fresh and clean surfaces of the particles are exposed over time. A contrario, with restricted mobility, the same surfaces of the particles would be exposed over time, and they would become soiled and potentially clogged. Furthermore, a spherical shape - combined with the fact that the particles are preferably made of plastic, therefore hydrophobic - ensures that water droplets, when present, run off the surface of the particles, contributing to a faster drying of the particles, hence a more efficient release of the perfume after exposure to wet conditions.
  • Perfume loading of the particles can vary within broad ranges, depending on the particular demands for a particular device. Indeed, in a compact device, the total amount of particles may tend to be on the low side and thus the perfume loading for each particle will tend to increase, so as to compensate for the fewer particles present. Conversely, in a large device, there may be more particles and the particles will tend to carry a lighter perfume load. Particles herein typically carry between 2%-25% by weight of perfume, and the total weight of the particles may represent from 20 grams to 75 grams.
  • Suitable perfumed particles for use herein are commercially available from International Flavors and Fragrances (IFF) under the trade-name Polyiff.
  • the population of particles in a given container can be substantially homogeneous in terms of their perfume content, but it can be attractive to have a heterogeneous population. Indeed, certain particles comprising certain perfumes can be manufactured as homogeneous populations, in batches, and then the different populations can be mixed together in an infinity of variations, offering an economically attractive flexibility in the choice of perfumes and functionality. Indeed, perfumes can be used which will additionally provide sanitisation and/or antibacterial benefits.
  • the population of particles in a given container can be substantially homogeneous in size, and that is desirable as compared to a heterogeneous population.
  • the container may also be divided in several compartments which will each comprise a particular population of particles.
  • the population of particles in a given compartment will preferably differ from the population in another compartment.
  • the particles inside the container should fill between 5% and 95% of the inner volume of the container or each compartment, most preferably 20% to 80%. Indeed, inside those limits a best compromise is obtained between the amount of particles, which desirably should be as large as possible to increase the perfume loading of the device, and their ability to move in the container, so as to improve the duration and linearity of the release of the perfume, which at a certain point becomes hindered if too many particles are present.
  • a device as described herein above is placed in an environment which is sometimes wet and sometimes dry, such as a bathroom, a shower stall, an automatic laundry or dish washing machine, a Jacuzzi or a hot tub, so as to deodorise and/or perfume that environment.
  • an environment which is sometimes wet and sometimes dry such as a bathroom, a shower stall, an automatic laundry or dish washing machine, a Jacuzzi or a hot tub, so as to deodorise and/or perfume that environment.
  • a product which comprises a deodorising and/or fragrancing device which is a container comprising a plurality of perfumed particles emitting their perfume to the outside of the container, and usage instructions to place said device inside an environment which is sometimes wet and sometimes dry, such as a bathroom, a shower stall, an automatic laundry or dish washing machine, a jacuzzi or a hot tub.
  • perfumed particles are provided separately from the container of the device as described hereinabove, as refills for said device.
  • a product comprising perfumed particles emitting their perfume, and usage instructions to place said particles into a container which will enable said particles to emit their perfume outside said container, and to place said container inside an environment which is sometimes wet and sometimes dry, such as a bathroom, a shower stall, an automatic laundry or dish washing machine, a jacuzzi or a hot tub.
  • the usage instructions may specify that the device has to be emptied of its used particles before fresh particles are provided.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Disinfection, Sterilisation Or Deodorisation Of Air (AREA)
  • Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)
  • Packages (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un processus et un dispositif permettant de désodoriser et/ou parfumer un environnement. Dans cette invention, on place un dispositif dans cet environnement, ce dispositif étant un récipient (1) qui comprend des particules (2) parfumées qui diffusent leur parfum à l'extérieur de ce récipient.
EP00953705A 2000-07-27 2000-07-27 Processus et dispositif permettant de desodoriser un environnement Withdrawn EP1303315A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2000/020499 WO2002009779A1 (fr) 2000-07-27 2000-07-27 Processus et dispositif permettant de desodoriser un environnement

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1303315A1 true EP1303315A1 (fr) 2003-04-23

Family

ID=37715950

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00953705A Withdrawn EP1303315A1 (fr) 2000-07-27 2000-07-27 Processus et dispositif permettant de desodoriser un environnement

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1303315A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2004509668A (fr)
CN (1) CN1503681A (fr)
AU (1) AU2000266106A1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2416124C (fr)
MX (1) MXPA03000713A (fr)
WO (1) WO2002009779A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11679648B2 (en) 2019-03-18 2023-06-20 Shanghai Yanfeng Jinqiao Automotive Trim Systems Co. Ltd. Vehicle interior component

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US6802460B2 (en) 2002-03-05 2004-10-12 Microflow Engineering Sa Method and system for ambient air scenting and disinfecting based on flexible, autonomous liquid atomizer cartridges and an intelligent networking thereof
KR100704516B1 (ko) * 2004-07-19 2007-04-09 더 프록터 앤드 갬블 캄파니 제품 침강이 감소된 패키지
EP1719443A1 (fr) * 2005-05-04 2006-11-08 Electrolux Home Products Corporation N.V. Appareil ménager
DE102005027660A1 (de) * 2005-06-15 2006-12-28 Henkel Kgaa Dosiervorrichtung
FR2889450B1 (fr) * 2005-08-03 2008-09-05 Bertrand Laurentin Dispositif de diffusion sous forme volatile d'un produit actif
DE102006003286B3 (de) * 2006-01-23 2007-05-03 Henkel Kgaa Duftabgabesystem für Geschirrspülmaschinen
ITUD20100084A1 (it) * 2010-04-23 2011-10-24 Francesco Borella Erogatore di essenze profumate
US10973453B2 (en) * 2013-04-11 2021-04-13 Sensonics, Inc. Hand held smell test
GB2515372B (en) * 2014-03-13 2016-02-24 Ecoegg Ltd Multiple use device for fragrancing fabrics during tumble drying
FR3026307B1 (fr) * 2014-09-30 2017-11-24 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Dispositif de diffusion et cartouche amovible pour ledit dispositif
EP3426761B1 (fr) 2016-03-10 2022-05-04 Henkel AG & Co. KGaA Système de libération de parfum
EP3426126B1 (fr) 2016-03-10 2022-05-04 Henkel AG & Co. KGaA Système de libération de parfum
US10471168B2 (en) 2016-05-03 2019-11-12 The Procter & Gamble Company Volatile composition dispenser with increased membrane exposure and volatile composition weight loss
US10561755B2 (en) * 2016-05-03 2020-02-18 The Procter & Gamble Company Volatile composition dispenser with retractable push button
CN107218290A (zh) * 2017-05-24 2017-09-29 太仓福缘琉璃工艺品有限公司 多功能熏香琉璃挂钩
DE202017103530U1 (de) 2017-06-13 2017-07-27 Jürgen Stellwag Vorrichtung zum Entfernen von Gerüchen und/oder Feuchtigkeit aus geschlossenen und/oder verschließbaren Geräteinnenräumen
EP3446718A1 (fr) 2017-08-24 2019-02-27 Herbert Wittekind Corps moulé destiné à utiliser en tant que réservoir comportant du parfum dans un distributeur de parfum

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11679648B2 (en) 2019-03-18 2023-06-20 Shanghai Yanfeng Jinqiao Automotive Trim Systems Co. Ltd. Vehicle interior component

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
MXPA03000713A (es) 2003-06-04
AU2000266106A1 (en) 2002-02-13
WO2002009779A1 (fr) 2002-02-07
CA2416124A1 (fr) 2002-02-07
JP2004509668A (ja) 2004-04-02
CN1503681A (zh) 2004-06-09
CA2416124C (fr) 2006-10-03

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