EP1303168B1 - Kochmulde mit diskreten verteilten Heizelementen - Google Patents

Kochmulde mit diskreten verteilten Heizelementen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1303168B1
EP1303168B1 EP01124211.2A EP01124211A EP1303168B1 EP 1303168 B1 EP1303168 B1 EP 1303168B1 EP 01124211 A EP01124211 A EP 01124211A EP 1303168 B1 EP1303168 B1 EP 1303168B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cooking
heating elements
cooking hob
hob
matrix
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP01124211.2A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1303168A1 (de
Inventor
Davide Gerola
Cristiano Pastore
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Whirlpool Corp
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Whirlpool Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Whirlpool Corp filed Critical Whirlpool Corp
Priority to ES01124211.2T priority Critical patent/ES2567796T3/es
Priority to EP01124211.2A priority patent/EP1303168B1/de
Publication of EP1303168A1 publication Critical patent/EP1303168A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1303168B1 publication Critical patent/EP1303168B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/02—Induction heating
    • H05B6/06—Control, e.g. of temperature, of power
    • H05B6/062—Control, e.g. of temperature, of power for cooking plates or the like
    • H05B6/065—Control, e.g. of temperature, of power for cooking plates or the like using coordinated control of multiple induction coils
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/68—Heating arrangements specially adapted for cooking plates or analogous hot-plates
    • H05B3/74—Non-metallic plates, e.g. vitroceramic, ceramic or glassceramic hobs, also including power or control circuits
    • H05B3/746—Protection, e.g. overheat cutoff, hot plate indicator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2213/00—Aspects relating both to resistive heating and to induction heating, covered by H05B3/00 and H05B6/00
    • H05B2213/03—Heating plates made out of a matrix of heating elements that can define heating areas adapted to cookware randomly placed on the heating plate
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2213/00—Aspects relating both to resistive heating and to induction heating, covered by H05B3/00 and H05B6/00
    • H05B2213/05—Heating plates with pan detection means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a cooking hob comprising a plurality of electrically powered heating elements (for example resistors or halogen lamps) distributed below a heat-resistant surface (for example of glass ceramic) on which a utensil is placed for the heat treatment (for example, cooking, heating or thawing) of a food contained therein, the heating elements being disposed in matrix arrangement, in accordance with the introduction to the accompanying claim 1.
  • electrically powered heating elements for example resistors or halogen lamps
  • a heat-resistant surface for example of glass ceramic
  • High versatility cooking hobs are known on which the user can locate several cooking utensils, even of different contour, in any desired regions and activate only those heating elements present in each of said regions; each corresponds at least approximately to the contour of the utensil itself.
  • the heating elements are disposed in a matrix configuration.
  • the first of the two said prior patents comprises a series of cooking regions and sensors which, associated with these regions, activate those covered by the cooking utensil.
  • the purpose of this known solution is to avoid the use of switches or other user-operated control means.
  • the heating elements are also disposed in matrix formation and are each associated with thermal load monitoring means, which cut off the power if the load is absent.
  • the matrix arrangement of the heating elements provided therein has however the drawback of not enabling "zero" level (open circuit) to be obtained for other heating elements not required by the cooking utensil.
  • US-A-5243171 discloses a food service system comprising a plurality of trays stached in a tralley and provided with thermistors for overseeing food temperatures.
  • the thermistors are disposed in matrix configuration.
  • the objects of the present invention are to provide a cooking hob comprising a plurality of matrix-arranged electrical heating elements which not only provides versatility but also offers the necessary protection from overtemperature and achieves power cut-off to those heating elements not required by the cooking utensil or utensils.
  • the reference numeral 1 indicates overall a cooking hob comprising a conventional glass ceramic plate 2 on which cooking utensils of any form, indicated by 3 and 4, are rested in any regions of the plate 2.
  • a heating element 5a, b, c etc. for example resistors disposed spirally to cover overall the maximum useful area of the plate 2.
  • the heating element can be considered a "thermal cell", each cell being controllable substantially independent of the others or also in combination with other specific cells concerned, where these lie below one and the same cooking utensil; groups of cells can also be independently controlled where each group is dedicated to a different specific cooking utensil on the basis of its contour.
  • the heating elements 5 are supported by an underplate 6 of electrically and thermally insulating material, bounded by a thermally insulating surrounding side wall 6A which together with the underplate 6 and plate 2 defines a compartment for containing the plurality of heating elements.
  • the ends of the heating elements 5 are connected in this example to conductive pins 7 which pass through and project from the underplate 6.
  • the pins 7 (see Figures 3 and 4 in particular) are intended to be engaged by conductive spring clips 10 rigid with printed circuit boards PCB supported via conventional columns 8 by a tray for example of sheet metal 9 forming part of the structure of the cooking hob 1.
  • these printed circuit boards comprise conductive tracks, static switches 16,17 (for example triacs, mosfets, SCRs) and diodes.
  • the underlying compartment 11 holds the electronic control circuit 12 for the static switches and possibly the static switches themselves.
  • the tray 9 can contain a tangential fan 13 for cooling the static switches and diodes, and the underlying compartment can contain a bridge rectifier with non-filtered output (indicated by 14 in Figure 5 ) if the heating elements are to be powered from a half-wave supply of equal polarity.
  • the fan can also be located at another "cold" point and the cooling air be fed through a conduit.
  • the electronic control circuit 12 is connected to a touch screen 14A connected to a small CCD video camera 15A framing the cooking hob.
  • the cooking hob appears on the screen 14A together with the cooking utensils positioned thereon, for example the two indicated by 3 and 4, the reproductions of which on the screen are identified by 3' and 4'.
  • the user rests his finger on the reproductions 3' and 4' to hence select the heating elements 5 lying under the cooking utensils.
  • the cooking power, cooking time and those parameters usually involved in conventional cooking hobs are selected by again resting the finger on the underlying part of the screen.
  • the heating elements 5 form a matrix arrangement (see Figures 5, 6 , 7, 8 ), a diode 15 being connected in series with each heating element 5.
  • the resistance elements are selected and controlled by the static switches 16A1, 16A2, 16A3, ... and 17A1, 17A2, 17A3 ... 17An which are controlled by the control circuit 12 in the manner described hereinafter, such as to operate those heating elements 5 required by the cooking utensils (for example 3, 4), with the power chosen by the user.
  • the cooking utensil "covers" the four heating elements 5a, b, h and i.
  • the user touches the utensil image on the touch screen to select those heating elements and touches the touch screen to insert the desired power and start the heating process.
  • the static switches 16A1, 16A2, 17A1 and 17A2 operate, controlled by the electronic control circuit.
  • Figure 6 shows a resistor and diode matrix of different configuration. It corresponds functionally to that of Figure 5 so that the same reference numerals are used in Figure 6 for equal or corresponding parts.
  • the matrix configuration of Figure 6 has the advantage of allowing the diodes 15 and static switches 16A and 17A to be located to the side of the cooking hob (the left limit of which is identified in the figure by the dashed straight line x-x), hence in that "cold" region well known for example in cooking hobs with lateral controls.
  • the diodes 15 are disposed in the reverse direction, as are the signs of the rectifier output.
  • the matrixes of Figures 7 and 8 correspond respectively to those of Figures 5 and 6 .
  • the same reference numerals with apostrophes are used to indicate equal or corresponding parts.
  • the matrixes are however intended to be powered by an alternating current source 14', this requiring the diodes 15' to be arranged alternately from one heating element to the next.
  • the static switches 16' and 17' can be SCRs or MOSFETs instead of TRIACs.
  • the heating elements are controlled in the following manner.
  • the heating elements 5a, b, c etc. are dimensioned to dissipate a power much greater than the value generally used in conventional cooking hobs, which is about 7 Watt/cm 2 (at least twice, but preferably from 4 to 8 times, and even more preferably greater than or equal to 15 Watt/cm 2 ). This means that the heating elements 5b, b Vietnamese must be connected by static switches 16, 17 to the line voltage in pulsed mode to prevent them and the overlying glass ceramic plate 2 from undergoing damage.
  • Control can be by the full-wave method (in which the static switches 16, 17 relative to the rows and columns of the matrix are activated when the feed voltage crosses zero).
  • thermal power of the heating element (5a, b, c.7) is greater than the maximum allowable mean power enables the power to be distributed between several cooking utensils and avoid activating those regions of the cooking hob not covered by the cooking utensil, as will be clear from the following description given by way of example with reference to Figures 9A-9M and 10A-10M , where Figures 9A-9M relate to a solution for pure comparison purposes whereas Figures 10A-10M relate to a solution in accordance with an aspect of the invention.
  • the power level for the region A is equal to 80% of the maximum allowable mean power, and that of the region B is equal to 40% of said power.
  • region A has to receive 80% of the maximum allowable mean power with only 4 half-waves of the uprated power, whereas for region B 40% of the maximum allowable mean power is required and hence each underlying heating element must be powered with only two half-waves of the uprated power.
  • the powering method distributes the half-waves in each time interval T 1 ...T 10 ( Figures 10B-10M ) within the control period T such as to: achieve the desired power level; minimize the difference between the number of resistance elements powered in each of the component time intervals T t of the control period T to reduce flicker (in the example the difference between these powered resistance elements never exceeds 1); prevent that, during each time interval (T 1 , T 2 , T 3 - T n ), line and column combinations are activated which power resistance elements not required by the cooking utensil.
  • each of the matrixes relative to the times T 1 to T 10 is such that resistance elements not covered by the cooking utensil are not activated.
  • this is expressed by the fact that each of these matrixes (T 1 -T 10 ), known as time matrixes, must necessarily be of unitary rank.
  • the time matrix represents in a given time interval the energy state (on-off) of the heating element elements.
  • the rank of a matrix is the number of rows/columns which are linearly independent, i.e. which cannot be obtained by a linear combination of the other rows/columns.
  • the heating elements are positioned along the same column, indicating that the matrix is of rank 1; the matrix for example of Figures 10B and 10C is also of rank 1 as the heating elements are repeated identically in the adjacent column.
  • the time matrix has been chosen as 10 elements only for simplification purposes.
  • the time base will in fact be chosen equal to the number of energy levels for the ratio of galvanic power to the maximum allowable mean power (with 10 energy levels of regulation, the time matrix will preferably be of 40 elements).
  • Figure 11 shows the voltage variation with time across three resistance elements for example; these three resistance elements are those indicated by Z 1 , Z 2 and Z 3 in Figures 10B-10M .
  • the ten matrixes T 1 -T 10 form overall a matrix D(i.j.t) the values of which are 0 (resistance element inactive) or 1 (resistance element active).
  • the indexes i and j relate to the rows and columns and t to the time interval considered.
  • the time matrix has been chosen as 10 elements only for simplification purposes.
  • the time base will in fact be chosen equal to the number of energy levels for the ratio of galvanic power to the maximum allowable mean power (with 10 energy levels of regulation, the time matrix will preferably be of 40 elements).
  • the cooking hob is provided with a total absorbed current sensor (for example a Hall sensor) at the mains supply, which on sensing a dangerous current intensity totally deactivates the cooking hob, either directly or indirectly (by comparison with the value provided by a control algorithm).
  • a total absorbed current sensor for example a Hall sensor

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Electric Stoves And Ranges (AREA)
  • Control Of Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Kochfeld, umfassend eine Glaskeramikplatte (2) und mehrere darunter liegende elektrische Heizelemente (5), die in einer Matrixkonfiguration angeordnet sind und durch statische Schalter (16, 17) gesteuert werden, damit jeder beliebige Bereich des Kochfelds nach Gutdünken verwendet werden kann, um den Inhalt eines oder mehrerer Kochgeschirre (3, 4) zu erhitzen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Diode (15) in einer Reihenschaltung mit jedem elektrischen Heizelement (5) vorhanden ist, und dass die Heizelemente so dimensioniert sind, dass sie eine Leistung von gleich oder größer als 15 Watt/cm2 ableiten.
  2. Kochfeld nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich die Dioden (15) und die statischen Schalter (16, 17) in einem Raum unter den Heizelementen (5) befinden und davon thermisch getrennt sind und vorzugsweise von einem Kühlluftstrom getroffen werden.
  3. Kochfeld nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in dem Raum wenigstens eine gedruckte Schaltplatte (PCB) vorhanden ist, die Leiterzüge in Bezug auf die elektrischen Anschlüsse der Matrix trägt.
  4. Kochfeld nach wenigstens einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die gedruckte Schaltplatte (PCB) Kontaktfederklammern (10) umfasst, und den elektrischen Heizelementen (5) Kontaktstifte (7) zum lösbaren Eingriff mit den Klammern zugeordnet sind.
  5. Kochfeld nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Dioden (15) von der gedruckten Schaltplatte (PCB) getragen werden.
  6. Kochfeld nach wenigstens einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die statischen Schalter (16, 17) durch eine elektronische Steuerschaltung (12) gesteuert werden, die Informationen in Bezug auf die Position oder die Positionen, die ein oder mehr Kochgeschirre (3, 4) auf der Platte (2) einnimmt bzw. einnehmen, und in Bezug auf die Leistungspegel, die von dem Benutzer für jedes Kochgeschirr festgelegt wurden, erhält, um jene Heizelemente (5), die der genannten Position oder den genannten Positionen entsprechen, durch die statischen Schalter (16, 17) so zu betätigen, dass jedem Kochgeschirr eine Leistung bereitgestellt wird, die unabhängig von der ebenfalls einstellbaren Leistung des anderen Kochgeschirrs oder der anderen Kochgeschirre, das bzw. die vorhanden sind, eingestellt werden kann.
  7. Kochfeld nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Widerstandselemente (5) durch ihre Klemmen an die gedruckte Schaltplatte oder die -platten (PCB) gelötet sind.
  8. Kochfeld nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es eine elektronische Steuerschaltung (12) zur Steuerung der statischen Schalter (16, 17) umfasst, die Prozessdaten von einem Touchscreen 14A erhält, der an eine Videokamera (15A), die das Kochfeld abtastet angeschlossen ist.
  9. Kochfeld nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es einen Stromsensor umfasst, der den zu dem Feld geführten Strom misst und direkt oder indirekt eingreift, um eine völlige Deaktivierung des Kochfelds herzustellen, wenn ein Strom gemessen wird, der einen durch den Steueralgorithmus bereitgestellten Wert überschreitet.
  10. Kochfeld nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Anzahl der statischen Schalter geringer als die Anzahl der Heizelemente ist.
  11. Steuerverfahren für ein Kochfeld nach Anspruch 1, umfassend eine Glaskeramikplatte (2) und mehrere darunter liegende elektrische Heizelemente (5), die in einer Matrixkonfiguration angeordnet sind und durch statische Schalter, die in einer geringeren Anzahl als der Anzahl der Heizelemente vorhanden sind, gesteuert werden, damit jeder beliebige Bereich des Kochfelds nach Gutdünken verwendet werden kann, um den Inhalt eines oder mehrerer Kochgeschirre zu erhitzen, wobei die Matrix eine Diode in einer Reihenschaltung mit jedem elektrischen Heizelement umfasst, wobei die elektrischen Heizelemente mit einer Leitungsspannung in einem Pulsbetrieb versorgt werden, und wenigstens zwei unterschiedliche Bereiche (A, B) des Felds mit zwei unterschiedlichen Leistungspegeln bestromt werden können, wobei die Matrix, die bei jeder Pulsation den Energiezustand der Heizelemente (ein - aus) darstellt, einen einheitlichen Rang aufweist.
  12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwischen den einzelnen Pulsationen in Bezug auf den Hauptsteuerzyklus die Anzahl der aktiven Widerstandselemente minimal und vorzugsweise geringer als oder gleich 1 ist.
EP01124211.2A 2001-10-12 2001-10-12 Kochmulde mit diskreten verteilten Heizelementen Expired - Lifetime EP1303168B1 (de)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES01124211.2T ES2567796T3 (es) 2001-10-12 2001-10-12 Placa de cocina con elementos de calentamiento discretos distribuidos
EP01124211.2A EP1303168B1 (de) 2001-10-12 2001-10-12 Kochmulde mit diskreten verteilten Heizelementen

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP01124211.2A EP1303168B1 (de) 2001-10-12 2001-10-12 Kochmulde mit diskreten verteilten Heizelementen

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EP1303168A1 EP1303168A1 (de) 2003-04-16
EP1303168B1 true EP1303168B1 (de) 2016-03-16

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US10605464B2 (en) 2012-10-15 2020-03-31 Whirlpool Corporation Induction cooktop
US10893579B2 (en) 2017-07-18 2021-01-12 Whirlpool Corporation Method for operating an induction cooking hob and cooking hob using such method
US10993292B2 (en) 2017-10-23 2021-04-27 Whirlpool Corporation System and method for tuning an induction circuit
US11140751B2 (en) 2018-04-23 2021-10-05 Whirlpool Corporation System and method for controlling quasi-resonant induction heating devices
US11212880B2 (en) 2012-10-15 2021-12-28 Whirlpool Emea S.P.A. Induction cooking top

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ES2673131B1 (es) * 2016-12-19 2019-03-28 Bsh Electrodomesticos Espana Sa Dispositivo de aparato domestico de coccion por induccion con una matriz de elementos de calentamiento
ES2673132B1 (es) * 2016-12-19 2019-03-28 Bsh Electrodomesticos Espana Sa Dispositivo de aparato de cocción por inducción.
DE102017211099A1 (de) 2017-06-29 2019-01-03 E.G.O. Elektro-Gerätebau GmbH Induktionskochvorrichtung und Verfahren zur Ansteuerung einer Induktionskochvorrichtung
US10761041B2 (en) 2017-11-21 2020-09-01 Watlow Electric Manufacturing Company Multi-parallel sensor array system
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DE102018217617A1 (de) 2018-10-15 2020-04-16 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Getriebeschnecke, die insbesondere auf einer Ankerwelle angeordnet ist, sowie eine solche Getriebeschnecke
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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10605464B2 (en) 2012-10-15 2020-03-31 Whirlpool Corporation Induction cooktop
US11212880B2 (en) 2012-10-15 2021-12-28 Whirlpool Emea S.P.A. Induction cooking top
US11655984B2 (en) 2012-10-15 2023-05-23 Whirlpool Corporation Induction cooktop
US10893579B2 (en) 2017-07-18 2021-01-12 Whirlpool Corporation Method for operating an induction cooking hob and cooking hob using such method
US10993292B2 (en) 2017-10-23 2021-04-27 Whirlpool Corporation System and method for tuning an induction circuit
US11140751B2 (en) 2018-04-23 2021-10-05 Whirlpool Corporation System and method for controlling quasi-resonant induction heating devices

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Publication number Publication date
ES2567796T3 (es) 2016-04-26
EP1303168A1 (de) 2003-04-16

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