EP1296758A2 - Dispositif pour effectuer une reaction catalytique - Google Patents

Dispositif pour effectuer une reaction catalytique

Info

Publication number
EP1296758A2
EP1296758A2 EP01960105A EP01960105A EP1296758A2 EP 1296758 A2 EP1296758 A2 EP 1296758A2 EP 01960105 A EP01960105 A EP 01960105A EP 01960105 A EP01960105 A EP 01960105A EP 1296758 A2 EP1296758 A2 EP 1296758A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
reaction
microreactors
catalytic
microreactor
influencing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP01960105A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Peter Jörg PLATH
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mir-Chem GmbH
Original Assignee
Mir-Chem GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mir-Chem GmbH filed Critical Mir-Chem GmbH
Publication of EP1296758A2 publication Critical patent/EP1296758A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • F01N3/2013—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/0093—Microreactors, e.g. miniaturised or microfabricated reactors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00781—Aspects relating to microreactors
    • B01J2219/00819—Materials of construction
    • B01J2219/00835—Comprising catalytically active material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00781—Aspects relating to microreactors
    • B01J2219/00851—Additional features
    • B01J2219/00867—Microreactors placed in series, on the same or on different supports
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00781—Aspects relating to microreactors
    • B01J2219/00873—Heat exchange
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00781—Aspects relating to microreactors
    • B01J2219/00891—Feeding or evacuation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00781—Aspects relating to microreactors
    • B01J2219/00925—Irradiation
    • B01J2219/00934—Electromagnetic waves
    • B01J2219/00943—Visible light, e.g. sunlight
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00781—Aspects relating to microreactors
    • B01J2219/0095—Control aspects
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
    • H01M8/0625—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material in a modular combined reactor/fuel cell structure
    • H01M8/0631—Reactor construction specially adapted for combination reactor/fuel cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for carrying out a catalytic tube reaction, in particular a catalyst device for motor vehicles.
  • Such devices form a reaction apparatus in which a chemical tube reaction continues through the reaction apparatus or develops along the reaction apparatus.
  • a tube reaction is used, for example, for the production of sulfuric acid, for high-pressure ethylene polymerization or for the continuous polymerization of styrene.
  • a catalyst is suitably arranged along this path. This can be an even division of the catalyst along the path.
  • concentration of the catalyst it may also be necessary for the concentration of the catalyst to differ in different sections of the reactor.
  • catalysts are provided with a catalytically inactive admixture, the ratio of the catalyst to the admixture, which is used in particular for diluting the catalyst, to be designed differently in different sections along the reaction apparatus.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a device of the type described at the outset, which enables the catalyst to be distributed better along the reaction apparatus formed by the device.
  • a device according to the preamble of claim 1 in that the device has an arrangement of a plurality of microreactors, a channel being formed between adjacent microreactors in such a way that the catalytic tube reaction is formed along the arrangement of the plurality of microreactors can.
  • the main advantage that the invention achieves over the prior art is that there are one in each of the several microreactors along the path predetermined, preferably very small amount of catalyst for the tube reaction can be made available. As a result, depending on the state in which the tube reaction is in the respective microreactor, a quantity of catalyst can be made available which supports an optimized continuation of the reaction.
  • An expedient development of the invention provides that through the respective channel a quantity of material is formed between the adjacent microreactors, so that the adjacent microreactors are quantity-coupled, as a result of which reactions can take place in the device which require the transport of reaction intermediates.
  • a heat transfer between the adjacent microreactors is expediently formed through the respective channel, so that the adjacent microreactors are heat-coupled, which enables heat transfer between the adjacent microreactors.
  • a further development of the invention provides that a length of the respective channel is designed in such a way that a quantity of substance diffusion from one of the neighboring miloreactors into another of the neighboring microreactors, which is connected upstream of the one microreactor in a reaction propagation direction, is prevented, as a result of which a retroactive Influencing of the partial reaction of the tube reaction taking place in the other of the adjacent microreactors to the partial reaction of the tube reaction taking place in one of the adjacent microreactors is prevented.
  • one or all of the several microreactors have means for influencing at least one reaction parameter of the catalytic reaction in the respective microreactor, as a result of which a specific change in reaction parameters for individual sections along the path of the tube reaction through the device is made possible.
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the means for influencing at least one reaction parameter of the catalytic reaction in a first of the plurality of microreactors are coupled with detection means for detecting at least one reaction parameter of the catalytic reaction in a second of the plurality of microreactors, so that one Coupling of the catalytic reaction in the first of the several Microreactors with the catalytic reaction in the second of the plurality of microreactors can be formed in such a way that influencing the at least one reaction parameter of the catalytic reaction in the first of the plurality of microreactors as a function of the at least one reaction parameter of the catalytic reaction detected with the aid of the detection means second of the plurality of microreactors is executable. This enables a targeted influencing of the sections of the reaction in the several microreactors to optimize the catalytic reaction.
  • the means for influencing at least one reaction parameter of the catalytic reaction in the second of the plurality of microreactors are coupled to detection means for detecting at least one reaction parameter of the catalytic reaction in the first of the plurality of microreactors, so that a coupling the catalytic reaction in the second of the plurality of microreactors can be formed with the catalytic reaction in the first of the plurality of microreactors in such a way that the at least one reaction parameter of the catalytic reaction in the second of the plurality of microreactors can be influenced as a function of the at least one detected with the aid of the detection means Reaction parameters of the catalytic reaction can be carried out in the first of the plurality of microreactors. In this way, the sections of the tube reaction in the first and the second of the plurality of microreactors can be mutually influenced.
  • An expedient embodiment of the invention provides that the means for influencing at least one reaction parameter in the respective microreactor comprise a regulating device for regulating the temperature in the respective microreactor, as a result of which the temperature can be increased or decreased to form an optimal tube reaction.
  • the means for influencing at least one reaction parameter in the respective microreactor advantageously include an irradiation device for irradiating light into the respective microreactor, thereby creating a possibility for accelerating or inhibiting a light-sensitive tube reaction.
  • the means for influencing at least one reaction parameter in the respective microreactor comprise feed means for introducing at least one additional, reacting substance (educt) in the respective microreactor.
  • additional, reactive substances the Pipe reaction are accelerated or inhibited, or the inert substances necessary for the continuation of the pipe reaction, for example a carrier gas or solvent, can be introduced.
  • a state of the respective microreactor can advantageously be set, in particular a fixed point state, a bistable state, an oscillator state or a chaos state, as a result of which the most favorable state for supporting the pipe reaction in a certain section of the pipe reaction is adjustable in the respective microreactor.
  • the adjacent microreactors are arranged laterally offset from one another, for example offset by approximately 0.05 mm to approximately 10 mm, as a result of which the space required for the device is reduced.
  • opposite side walls of the plurality of microreactors are at a distance from one another of approximately 0.02 mm to approximately 1 mm.
  • the reaction apparatus for a tube reaction which can be formed with the aid of the sequential arrangement of a plurality of microreactors can advantageously be used as a catalyst device for motor vehicles.
  • the design of the individual microreactors is to be designed in such a way that the exhaust gas particles in the microreactor are sufficiently likely to come into contact with a respective catalyst arrangement, which is preferably formed from palladium or platinum.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a device for exporting a
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the device of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 shows another embodiment of an apparatus for performing a tube reaction
  • Figure 4 is a schematic representation of a microreactor, in particular for one
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic illustration of a further microreactor, in particular for a motor vehicle catalytic converter, in cross section;
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic illustration of another microreactor, in particular for a motor vehicle catalytic converter, in a top view
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic representation of the other microreactor according to FIG.
  • FIGS. 8A-8C catalyst devices, each comprising a combination of the same microreactors according to FIGS. 4, 5 and 6;
  • FIG. 9 shows a catalyst device which comprises a combination of different microreactors.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic, enlarged view of a portion of the microreactor of Figure 4 in cross section.
  • a device 1 for carrying out a catalytic tube reaction has a plurality of microreactors 2 which are arranged sequentially. Adjacent ones of the several microreactors 2 are connected to each other by means of a channel 3.
  • the device 1 represents a new microreactor or micro-tube reactor which comprises the plurality of microreactors 2.
  • the meltered microreactors 2 and the respective channels 3 form a coherent reaction apparatus between adjacent microreactors.
  • the ongoing catalytic tube reaction continues between adjacent microreactors in that a mass transfer and / or a heat transfer takes place between the adjacent microreactors in the direction of the continuing tube reaction. It can be provided that between the several microreactors 2 a heat transfer is also formed opposite to the direction of the continuing tube reaction.
  • the heat transport between the first and the second of the plurality of microreactors 2 came about using a thermal bridge (not shown).
  • the thermal bridge comprises, for example, a temperature sensor on the first of the plurality of microreactors 2, a heating / cooling element on the second of the plurality of microreactors 2 and an electrical coupling between the temperature sensor and the heating / cooling element. In this case it is an electrical thermal bridge.
  • Thermal bridges can also be used for the transmission, which are essentially based on heat conduction. The thermal bridge can be used to influence the reaction in the direction of the continuing pipe reaction or in the opposite direction.
  • the channels 3 are designed with regard to a shape, a length, a width and a height of the channels 3 in such a way that a quantity of substance diffusion between the respectively adjacent one of the plurality of microreactors 2 is prevented, so that a tube reaction that spreads in one direction is ensured.
  • the channels 3 can all be formed uniformly. However, it can also be provided that individual channels 3 deviate from other channels.
  • a coherent reaction apparatus for carrying out the tube reaction is formed.
  • a section of the tube reaction in one of the plurality of microreactors 4 can be influenced independently of another section of the tube reaction which takes place in another of the plurality of microreactors 5.
  • the device 1 of Figure 1 is shown in cross section.
  • the channels 3 connect the multiple microreactors 2 each in a lower region 6 of the multiple microreactors 2.
  • means can be provided on one or all of the plurality of microreactors 2 (not shown), to specifically change reaction parameters or reaction conditions in the respective microreactor. This is influenced the reaction conditions in a specific one of the microreactors with the aid of the means that are provided for the specific microreactor, wherein a coupling or a common control of the means can be provided for different microreactors.
  • the means for deliberately changing the reaction parameters or the reaction conditions can in particular comprise a regulating device for regulating the temperature in the respective microreactor and / or an irradiation device for irradiating light into the respective microreactor.
  • the means for changing the reaction parameters or the reaction conditions can be used in order to create separate reaction conditions in each of the several microreactors which influence the tube reaction in a desired manner.
  • a state of the respective microreactor can be set so that the respective microreactor is in a fixed-point state, an oscillator state or in a chaotic state.
  • the microreactors for which such influencing is desired have feed means, such as openings in the microreactors, connections, etc.
  • the additional substances or catalysts can be introduced using micropumps, for example.
  • FIG. 3 Another embodiment of a device 1 for carrying out a pipe reaction is shown schematically in FIG.
  • the plurality of microreactors 2 are laterally offset from one another. With the help of channels 3 are adjacent to the several microreactors connected to each other.
  • the arrangement of the plurality of microreactors 2 and the respective channels 3 shown in FIG. 3 permits a compact, space-saving design of the device 1.
  • FIGS. 4 to 7 show microreactors which are intended for use in catalytic converter systems in vehicles which are operated with petroleum-based fuel.
  • FIGS. 4 to 6 To form a motor vehicle catalytic converter, several of the microreactors shown in FIGS. 4 to 6 are connected in series, so that a microtube reactor is formed from the microreactors, in which at least one mass flow takes place during the catalytic reaction.
  • a microreactor according to FIG. 4 a microreactor according to FIG. 5 and a microreactor according to FIG. 6 (cf. FIG. 9) can be combined with one another in order to achieve the desired catalytic effect on the reaction products of the fuel conversion.
  • FIG. 4 shows a microreactor 40 with a feed section 41, a central section 42 in which a reaction space 43 is formed, and an end section 44 in cross section along a longitudinal direction.
  • the microreactor 40 preferably has an essentially round cross section transverse to the longitudinal direction in the region of the feed section 41, the middle section 42 and the end section.
  • a catalyst arrangement 45 is introduced in the reaction space 43, which gas particles can flow around and are connected to electrical connections 46A, 46B.
  • the electrical connections 46A, 46B can be used to heat the catalyst arrangement 45 for controlling and / or optimizing the catalytic reaction of the (exhaust) gas particles which enter the reaction space 43.
  • the catalytic converter arrangement 45 is usually formed from platinum or palladium in motor vehicle catalytic converters.
  • the catalyst arrangement 45 is preferably designed in the form of a wire or a wire mesh or wire mesh.
  • a suitable type of catalyst arrangement 45 is selected depending on the application.
  • the catalyst arrangement 45 and the reaction space 43 are to be designed in terms of shape / size so that a gas particle which passes through the reaction space 43 in order to get from the feed section 41 to the end section 44 is in the reaction space 43 with sufficient probability, at least once a reaction section 47 of the reaction space 43 passes, in which a distance A between the gas particle and a section 48 (see FIG.
  • a distance between the wall 100 and the surface 49 of the catalyst arrangement 45 is at least in a partial area of the reaction space 43 less than or equal to a small multiple of the transverse diffusion length of the gas particles must be and that the gas particles have to get into the partial area of the reaction space 43 with sufficient probability.
  • the construction of the catalyst arrangement 45 and of the reaction space 43 or of the middle section 42 is to be designed such that, due to the relative relationship between the distance A and the small multiple of the mean transverse diffusion length of the gas particle, there is an interaction for triggering a catalytic reaction of the gas particle Inclusion of the material of the catalyst arrangement 45 takes place with the highest possible probability. As a result, a high catalytic efficiency of the microreactor 40 is achieved.
  • the person skilled in the art can, taking into account the abovementioned construction properties, select various designs in which a desired catalytic effect is achieved.
  • the design conditions described are expediently to be used in such a way that a gas particle which passes through the microreactor enters an effective reaction volume and the residence time in this reaction volume is sufficient so that a catalytic reaction of the gas particle takes place with sufficient probability, including the respective catalyst arrangement.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 and 7 show further embodiments of microreactors 50 and 60 for use in motor vehicle catalysts, taking into account the above mentioned construction properties can be trained.
  • the microreactor 50 shown in cross section along a longitudinal direction in FIG. 5 comprises a feed section 51 through which reactants reach a central section 52 with a reaction space 53. After passing through the reaction space 53, the gas particles enter an end section 54 of the microreactor 50.
  • a catalyst arrangement 57 is fastened in the reaction space 53 on an inner surface 55 of a wall 56 in the middle section 52. This can be, for example, a surface coating that completely or partially covers the inner surface 55. Platinum or palladium, for example, can be used as materials for the catalyst arrangement 57.
  • the conditions mentioned in connection with the microreactor 40 apply correspondingly with respect to a reaction section in the reaction space to be passed by the gas particles.
  • the microreactor 50 has a round cross-section in the region of the central section 52 in the direction transverse to the longitudinal direction and the inner surface 57 of the central section 52 is substantially completely covered with catalyst material, it follows from the design condition described above that the radius of the round cross-section transversely to the longitudinal direction in the region delimited by the catalyst arrangement 57 must be less than or equal to a small multiple of the mean transverse diffusion length of the gas particles.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 show two representations of another microreactor 60, which has a “sandwich-like” reaction space 61 (see FIG. 7), in which the gas particles pass through a feed section 62 and which the gas particles pass after passing through an end section 63.
  • a catalyst arrangement 64 preferably dralite or network-shaped, is arranged in the reaction space 61, around which the gas particles flow.
  • the catalyst arrangement 64 and a wall 65 in the region of the reaction space 61 are constructed such that in a region 66 above the Catalyst arrangement 64 and / or in a region 67 below the catalyst arrangement 64 the condition described in connection with the microreactor 40 regarding the size and the passage of a reaction section (reference numeral 46 in FIG. 4) is fulfilled at least once, so that there is a sufficient probability for a catalytic Realction of the gas particles in the reacti onsraum 61, guaranteed.
  • microreactors 40, 50 and 60 according to FIGS. 4, 5 and 6 and 7, the person skilled in the art can take into account the above-mentioned Structural features in the area of the respective reaction space, in which the catalyst arrangement is positioned, create other embodiments of microreactors that use the improved catalytic effect that is achieved if the structural conditions are maintained.
  • a further increase in the efficiency of the catalytic effect is achieved in that several of the microreactors 40, 50 and 60 are arranged one behind the other, so that a reaction apparatus is formed in which mass transfer takes place between the microreactors arranged one behind the other as part of a catalytic tube reaction.
  • Possible embodiments of such a device with a plurality of microreactors 80A, 81A, 82A; 80B, 81B; 80C, 81C, 82C are shown in Figures 8A, 8B and 8C, respectively.
  • the microreactors 80A, 81A, 82A; 80B, 81B; 80C, 81C, 82C are each designed in accordance with the structural features of microreactors 40, 50 and 60 described above.
  • Catalyst arrangements 83 A, 84A, 85 A of the microreactors 80A, 81 A and 82A are connected to a control device 89A, 90A, 91A via a respective electrical connection 86A, 87A, 88A.
  • the control devices 89A, 90A, 91A serve to control the application of a current to the catalyst arrangements 83A, 84A, 85A for heating the catalyst arrangements 83A, 84A, 85A in order to optimize the respective catalytic reaction.
  • a higher-level control device (not shown) can be provided to influence the interaction of the control devices 89A, 90A, 91A.
  • the catalytic tube reaction taking place along the microreactors 80A, 81A and 82A can be optimized in order to reduce the pollutant content in the fuel for the operation of a fuel cell or in the exhaust gas of the motor vehicle in the case of the device with the microreactors 80A, 81A, 82A is being used.
  • control devices can be provided in order to control the reactions taking place in the individual microreactors.
  • the microreactor arrangement shown comprises control devices 83C, 84C, 85C which are connected to catalyst arrangements 89C, 90C, 91C via respective connections 86C, 87C, 88C.
  • identical microreactors are arranged one behind the other. According to FIG.
  • microreactors 90, 91, 92 which have different design features if this is necessary for an application in order to be able to carry out the desired catalytic reaction. Any number of the same or different microreactors can be combined, depending on the application, to form a respective device for carrying out the catalytic tube reaction.
  • control devices for example the control devices 83C, 84C, 85C in FIG. 8C, enable the temperature in the individual microreactors to be controlled so that a desired, for example an essentially constant, temperature distribution can be achieved along the reaction path of the gas particles and the overheating of individual sections of a catalytic converter arrangement for motor vehicles, as frequently occurs with known catalytic converters, is avoided.
  • a method for operating a catalyst device with a plurality of microreactors in which a tube reaction which unfolds along the catalyst device can be controlled and optimized by means of the temperature control in the microreactors, it being possible for individual or all of the microreactors to be equipped with a temperature control. If the optimization by means of influencing a reaction parameter other than the temperature is necessary, the control devices can be selected accordingly.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif permettant d'effectuer une réaction catalytique dans une conduite. Ce dispositif comporte une configuration de plusieurs microréacteurs. Entre des microréacteurs adjacents, un canal est formé dans chaque cas de sorte que la réaction catalytique de la conduite puisse se dérouler le long de la configuration des multiples microréacteurs.
EP01960105A 2000-07-05 2001-07-04 Dispositif pour effectuer une reaction catalytique Withdrawn EP1296758A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10032059 2000-07-05
DE10032059A DE10032059A1 (de) 2000-07-05 2000-07-05 Vorrichtung zum Ausführen einer katalytischen Rohrreaktion
PCT/DE2001/002509 WO2002002224A2 (fr) 2000-07-05 2001-07-04 Dispositif pour effectuer une reaction catalytique

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EP1296758A2 true EP1296758A2 (fr) 2003-04-02

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US (1) US20050211242A9 (fr)
EP (1) EP1296758A2 (fr)
AU (1) AU2001281707A1 (fr)
DE (2) DE10032059A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2002002224A2 (fr)

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WO2002083291A1 (fr) * 2001-04-12 2002-10-24 Mir-Chem Gmbh Procede et dispositif de reformage catalytique d'hydrocarbures ou d'alcools
EP1398077A1 (fr) * 2002-09-16 2004-03-17 Corning Incorporated Procédé et réacteur micro fluidique pour photocatalyse
US7153494B2 (en) * 2002-10-21 2006-12-26 L'oreal Dibenzoylmethane sunscreen compositions photostabilized with amphiphilic block copolymers
ATE443353T1 (de) 2005-03-16 2009-10-15 Truma Geraetetechnik Gmbh & Co Reformer-brennstoffzellen-system mit externem brenner
WO2007029872A2 (fr) * 2005-09-08 2007-03-15 Casio Computer Co., Ltd. Reacteur et appareil electronique
AU2015333761B2 (en) 2014-10-13 2022-04-07 Administrators Of The Tulane Educational Fund Device and method for changing solution conditions in serial flow
WO2019028002A1 (fr) 2017-07-31 2019-02-07 Corning Incorporated Réacteur continu perfectionné

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WO2002002224A2 (fr) 2002-01-10
DE10032059A1 (de) 2002-01-17
US20040025872A1 (en) 2004-02-12
WO2002002224A3 (fr) 2003-01-09
DE10193232D2 (de) 2002-10-24
AU2001281707A1 (en) 2002-01-14
US20050211242A9 (en) 2005-09-29

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