WO2006097131A1 - Corps a nids d'abeilles pourvu de moyens d'introduction de reactif, procede correspondant et systeme associe - Google Patents

Corps a nids d'abeilles pourvu de moyens d'introduction de reactif, procede correspondant et systeme associe Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006097131A1
WO2006097131A1 PCT/EP2005/002904 EP2005002904W WO2006097131A1 WO 2006097131 A1 WO2006097131 A1 WO 2006097131A1 EP 2005002904 W EP2005002904 W EP 2005002904W WO 2006097131 A1 WO2006097131 A1 WO 2006097131A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
honeycomb
honeycomb structure
intermediate tube
honeycomb body
flow
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2005/002904
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Rolf BRÜCK
Peter Treiber
Original Assignee
Emitec Gesellschaft Für Emissionstechnologie Mbh
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Emitec Gesellschaft Für Emissionstechnologie Mbh filed Critical Emitec Gesellschaft Für Emissionstechnologie Mbh
Publication of WO2006097131A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006097131A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/011—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more purifying devices arranged in parallel
    • F01N13/017—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more purifying devices arranged in parallel the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/103—Oxidation catalysts for HC and CO only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
    • F01N3/2807—Metal other than sintered metal
    • F01N3/281—Metallic honeycomb monoliths made of stacked or rolled sheets, foils or plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/40—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a hydrolysis catalyst
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
    • F01N2330/30—Honeycomb supports characterised by their structural details
    • F01N2330/38—Honeycomb supports characterised by their structural details flow channels with means to enhance flow mixing,(e.g. protrusions or projections)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2340/00—Dimensional characteristics of the exhaust system, e.g. length, diameter or volume of the apparatus; Spatial arrangements of exhaust apparatuses
    • F01N2340/02—Dimensional characteristics of the exhaust system, e.g. length, diameter or volume of the apparatus; Spatial arrangements of exhaust apparatuses characterised by the distance of the apparatus to the engine, or the distance between two exhaust treating apparatuses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2470/00—Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
    • F01N2470/08—Gas passages being formed between the walls of an outer shell and an inner chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2470/00—Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
    • F01N2470/24—Concentric tubes or tubes being concentric to housing, e.g. telescopically assembled
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2510/00—Surface coverings
    • F01N2510/06—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the present invention is a honeycomb body with various honeycomb structures, and a corresponding method and exhaust system.
  • the object of the invention is to propose a honeycomb body and a corresponding method and exhaust system in which partial gas flow can be subjected to different catalytic reactions without the need for an additional housing or an additional carrier.
  • a further object of the invention is to propose a honeycomb body which, in order to save space, has a plurality of hydrodynamically separated reaction chambers. includes zones. Furthermore, a corresponding exhaust system and a corresponding method to be proposed.
  • the honeycomb body according to the invention has a first honeycomb structure through which a fluid can flow. Furthermore, the honeycomb body comprises a second honeycomb structure, which can be flowed through radially outside the first honeycomb structure, through which a fluid can flow.
  • the first and the second honeycomb structure are separated from one another by at least one intermediate tube, wherein the at least one intermediate tube protrudes at least on one side in a first axial direction between 5 and 15 centimeters beyond an end face of at least one of the honeycomb structures. It is preferred here that the at least one intermediate tube protrudes by 5 to 10 cm beyond an end face of at least one of the honeycomb structures.
  • the end face of at least one honeycomb structure superior intermediate tube is a separation of the gas streams that can flow through the honeycomb body. It is a first partial gas flow - a central flow - formed, which flows through the first honeycomb structure and a second partial gas flow - an edge flow - which flows through the second honeycomb structure.
  • the two honeycomb structures are separated from each other by the intermediate tube, that no exchange can take place through the intermediate tube. This allows the formation of different reaction zones in a honeycomb body, without having to provide additional components and / or strands of an exhaust pipe.
  • the two reaction zones can be formed in a single honeycomb body. In particular, this is advantageous if, due to the boundary conditions in use, the two reaction zones are strictly separated from one another. must be separated, but a mixing after flowing through the reaction zones is desired or necessary.
  • At least one intermediate tube of the honeycomb body protrudes on the opposite end face.
  • a pipe socket is provided with an extension which is different from a length of the overhang of the intermediate tube of 5 to 15 cm, in particular smaller.
  • the extension is advantageously chosen in a range of 0.5 to 2.0 cm.
  • Such a pipe socket can serve, for example, for fastening a support structure, so that a bilateral bearing of the honeycomb body is made possible via the at least one intermediate tube.
  • all intermediate tubes may be formed with different lengths with respect to the overhang and / or extensions of the pipe socket.
  • the honeycomb structure has cavities which can be flowed through at least for a fluid. That is, the cavities can be formed with a freely flow-through cross-section such as channels but alternatively or additionally, cavities, which can not be freely roughened, but the strig- sen or at least partially closed, with a gas stream passing through the wall of the cavity can.
  • a honeycomb body can be used for example as a diesel particulate filter.
  • the honeycomb structures may be formed in different ways.
  • the training is at least partially possible from high temperature resistant stainless steel materials.
  • at least partially metallic layers are formed, which are at least partially structured and optionally wound with at least one substantially smooth layer.
  • Another possibility consists of stacking at least one at least partially structured at least partially metallic layer and optionally at least one substantially smooth at least partially metallic layer to form a layer. stack and twist at least one stack.
  • Under a layer can be understood in particular a thin sheet metal foil made of high temperature resistant corrosion-resistant stainless steel in particular a chromium-nickel stainless steel.
  • Thicknesses of the layers of less than 100 .mu.m, preferably less than 80 .mu.m, particularly preferably less than 60 .mu.m, particularly preferably less than 40 .mu.m and particularly preferably less than 30 .mu.m are preferred.
  • a fiber material This may be a metallic and / or ceramic fiber material, which may for example be reinforced with sheet metal layers.
  • the fiber materials can be produced by different processes, in particular by sintering or the layered structure.
  • the preferred layer thickness is less than 2 mm, preferably less than 1.5 mm, particularly preferably 1 mm or less.
  • the structured regions of the layers with other smooth or structured regions form the cavities or channels.
  • the layers are positively, positively and / or materially connected to one another in connection regions, with a material connection such as welding or brazing being preferred.
  • Brazing is here understood to mean a high-temperature brazing process in which, in particular, chromium-aluminum or nickel-chromium steels are brazed to a corresponding brazing alloy, for example a nickel-containing brazing material, preferably a nickel-based brazing alloy.
  • Both honeycomb structures can be made similar or different.
  • the cross sections of the honeycomb structures are preferably circular, but other shapes are possible. In particular, here polygonal shapes or can The cross sections of the two honeycomb structures do not have to have the same geometry, in particular, for example, a first honeycomb structure with a circular cross section may be formed in an oval honeycomb structure as the first honeycomb structure formed concentric with each other.
  • the honeycomb body according to the invention comprises means for adding a reactant in the interior of the intermediate tube.
  • reactants can be introduced into the gas stream in previously determinable amounts such that exactly one honeycomb structure receives the gas stream enriched with the reactant.
  • reactants can be introduced into the gas stream in previously determinable amounts such that exactly one honeycomb structure receives the gas stream enriched with the reactant.
  • reducing agents such as, in particular, urea in aqueous solution onto the first honeycomb structure.
  • the second honeycomb structure comprises an oxidation catalyst coating in this case, it is highly sensitive to even low concentrations of the reducing agent, in particular of urea.
  • coatings may be present on the second honeycomb structure, which are poisoned by the reducing agent, so that serious damage to the honeycomb body may occur upon contact of the first honeycomb structure with reducing agent.
  • the means for supplying a reactant may consist, for example, in a nozzle with a feed line, wherein the nozzle is formed in the interior of the intermediate tube so as to ensure that in operation only the first honeycomb structure comes into contact with the reactant.
  • a feed line can be formed, which connects the means for adding a reactant to a jacket tube, which may be formed outside the first honeycomb structure, with a reactant reservoir.
  • the honeycomb body according to the invention for use in the exhaust system of a motor vehicle. Under a motor vehicle is to be understood in particular an automobile, a motorized bicycle or a water or aircraft. Especially advantageous is the combination of a small motor vehicle such as a passenger car or a motorcycle with a honeycomb body according to the invention.
  • a passenger car with a honeycomb body according to the invention has particular advantages in terms of space savings in the exhaust system of this motor vehicle. Preferred here is a passenger car with diesel engine.
  • the protrusion of the intermediate tube over at least one end face of the first and / or second honeycomb structure of 5 to 10 centimeters has proven to be particularly advantageous, since such a projection on the one hand ensures that the introduced by the means for introducing a reactant reactant is evenly distributed, before it strikes the front of the first honeycomb structure. This allows the most uniform possible reaction of the first honeycomb structure.
  • this overhang of the intermediate tube is so small that nevertheless a compact and small construction of the honeycomb body according to the invention is possible. Also particularly advantageous are overhangs of the intermediate tube of 5 to 10 centimeters, more preferably from 6 to 8 centimeters.
  • an advantageous distribution of a gas flow during operation of the honeycomb body to the individual honeycomb structures can be achieved.
  • Particularly advantageous is a distribution of the gas flow has proven, in which the first honeycomb structure is acted upon by about one third of the exhaust gas flow rate, while the second honeycomb structure is acted upon by about two-thirds of the exhaust gas volume flow.
  • a certain proportion of nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) may be required, which is obtained by oxidation of the nitrogen monoxide (NO) normally present in the exhaust gas to nitrogen dioxide in the oxidation catalyst, ie in the second honeycomb structure.
  • NO 2 nitrogen dioxide
  • the exact distribution of the gas flow to the two honeycomb structures can be achieved on the one hand solely by the dimensioning of the intermediate tube and the honeycomb structures. In this case, various parameters can be changed, which ultimately determine the flow resistance of the respective first and second honeycomb structures. These are in particular the cell densities in the respective honeycomb structures and the wall thicknesses of the cavities or channels of the honeycomb structures.
  • first and / or second honeycomb structures have proven to be advantageous, which are wound or twisted from metallic sheet metal foils.
  • the first honeycomb structure has metallic walls of a thickness of less than 80 or 60 ⁇ m, preferably less than 40 ⁇ m and particularly preferably less than 30 ⁇ m.
  • Preferred cell densities for the first honeycomb structure are 200 to 800 cpsi (cells per square inch, cells per square inch), preferably 400 to 600 cpsi.
  • the second honeycomb structure is preferably constructed of metallic layers. When sheet metal foils are used, thicknesses of sheet metal foils of less than 60 ⁇ m, preferably less than 40 ⁇ m, particularly preferably less than 30 ⁇ m, are preferred.
  • cell densities of the second honeycomb structure are preferably those in the range of 200 to 1000 cpsi, preferably in the range of 400 to 600 cpsi.
  • the layers for example sheet-metal foils or layers of materials permeable to a fluid
  • the layers are thicker than the layers from which the second honeycomb structure is formed.
  • additional means for flow division or flow distribution can be formed on the projecting part of the intermediate tube.
  • static means are possible, such as, for example, as a widening or narrowing of the intermediate tube in the form of a funnel.
  • movable means for flow division or distribution for example, in the simplest form, flaps which can change the flow-through cross section.
  • a pivotable flap can be formed on or in the intermediate tube whose opening angle determines the proportion of the gas flow which flows through the first and the second honeycomb structure.
  • the first and the second honeycomb structure preferably have a length of 50 to 150 mm, preferably 80 to 120 mm.
  • the first and second honeycomb structures may have different lengths.
  • the first and the second honeycomb structure may be formed offset from each other. Regardless, it is preferable that the honeycomb structures at least partly overlap each other in a radial direction.
  • an area, in particular at least a portion of the honeycomb body, in which a section in a radial direction perpendicular to the first axial direction is, includes both parts of the first honeycomb structure and parts of the second honeycomb structure.
  • the at least partial permeability of the first and second honeycomb structures is preferably made possible by the formation of channels extending through the honeycomb structures. These channels can be at least partially closed, wherein preferably at least partially through-flow walls are formed between these at least partially closed channels for a fluid.
  • the formation of cavities whose cross section is greater than dimensions of the channels is possible and according to the invention, for example by forming holes in layers, from which the first and / or the second honeycomb structure is formed.
  • a third honeycomb structure is formed behind the first and second honeycomb structures in a second direction, which is substantially opposite to the first axial direction.
  • the formation of the third honeycomb structures at a defined distance behind the corresponding end face of the first and / or the second honeycomb structure is particularly preferred here.
  • a distance of 30 to 50 mm, in particular from 35 to 45 mm behind the end face of the first and / or the second honeycomb structure is particularly preferred.
  • the length of the overhang of the intermediate tube can also take place via the corresponding end face of the first and / or the second honeycomb structure, depending on the diameter of the intermediate tube and / or the configuration of the means for supplying a reactant.
  • the overhang can be made shorter or longer. In principle, the more uniformly the means for supplying a reactant distribute the reactant until impact with the end face of the first honeycomb structure, the shorter the overhang.
  • the means for supplying a reactant may comprise a point or annular nozzle.
  • means for distributing the reactant between the means for supplying the reactant and the end face of the first honeycomb structure may be formed. This may be, for example, a baffle plate or the like. These means for distributing the reactant ensure a possibly uniform distribution of the reactant in the central flow flowing through the first honeycomb structure.
  • this gap between the first and / or second honeycomb structure on the one hand and the third honeycomb structure on the other hand serves to mix the partial gas streams which are in operation through the first and the second Honeycomb stream.
  • the third honeycomb structure has an SCR coating.
  • At least one of the honeycomb structures has a catalytically active coating.
  • a catalyst material such as, for example, noble metal catalysts such as platinum, rhodium, ruthenium, palladium and the like
  • a ceramic coating Particularly advantageous in this case is the application of coating in the form of a ceramic washcoat.
  • aluminosilicates such as in particular zeolites such as zeolites of the X, Y, A, Faujasit or ZSM type is possible according to the invention.
  • a honeycomb body which can be used in an SCR system for the selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides.
  • the first honeycomb structure particularly preferably has a hydrolysis catalytic converter coating.
  • the second honeycomb structure preferably comprises an oxidation catalyst coating.
  • the third honeycomb structure has in particular an SCR coating.
  • a reaction of nitrogen monoxide (NO) and optionally nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) with ammonia (NH 3 ) and optionally with oxygen to nitrogen (N 2 ) and water (H 2 O) preferably takes place during operation.
  • Side reactions are possible, with the main reaction being the desired reaction. Due to the sometimes very restrictive legal regulations with regard to ammonia, this can not be carried directly on board an automobile but must be obtained from other reactants.
  • the production of ammonia from urea ((NH 2 ) 2 CO) in aqueous solution has proved to be advantageous.
  • it is necessary to produce ammonia from urea This is preferably done in the first honeycomb structure, which has a corresponding catalytically active coating.
  • thermolysis causes a temperature-induced reduction of urea to ammonia and an intermediate such as isocyanic acid (HCNO).
  • HCNO isocyanic acid
  • this isocyanic acid is in turn catalyzed with water to form ammonia and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ).
  • a minimum distance of 2.5 centimeters preferably a distance of between 3 centimeters and 5 centimeters or 3.5 to 4.5 centimeters, is particularly preferred. It is possible, on the one hand, for this region to be designed essentially free of installation, so that mixing of the gas streams, which in each case pass through the first and second honeycomb structures during operation, can take place in this region. On the other hand Alternatively or additionally, flow influencing means may be formed in this area, which require a faster mixing of these two gas streams. As a result, the corresponding distance can also be shortened.
  • such means for influencing the flow are internals such as, for example, one or more diaphragms or corresponding baffles.
  • the means for influencing the flow are designed so that a turbulent flow as possible is generated in this region, which leads to good mixing of the two Gas flows leads.
  • the intermediate tube comprises a first intermediate tube and a second intermediate tube lying at least partially outside the first intermediate tube.
  • An intermediate pipe lying at least partially outside the first intermediate pipe means in particular that, for example, the overhang is formed by only one intermediate pipe.
  • a connection of the inner first honeycomb structure to the first intermediate tube and a connection of the outer second honeycomb structure to the second intermediate tube are preferred.
  • the intermediate tubes are in intimate contact with each other, in particular non-positively, positively and / or cohesively connected to each other.
  • a cohesive connection for example by welding or high-temperature brazing is preferred.
  • connection allows on the one hand advantageously a simple construction of the honeycomb body according to the invention, in which the two honeycomb structures are constructed independently of each other and then subsequently the intermediate tubes can be connected to each other.
  • an intimate connection of the intermediate tubes allows a good heat exchange between the two honeycomb structures, which can be particularly advantageous if larger ones Amounts of liquid reactants lead to a spranghaften cooling of the first honeycomb structure.
  • a gap is formed between the first intermediate tube and the second intermediate tube.
  • Such a gap may be advantageous if, during operation, a cooling of the second honeycomb structure by the first honeycomb structure, which in turn can be cooled by a liquid reactant, should be prevented as far as possible, for example because the second honeycomb structure has a catalytically active coating which has a has high light-off temperature. Gap widths of 2 to 5 mm are preferred here.
  • the gap can be sealed by a sealing means, in particular a high-temperature and corrosion-resistant sealing means, in order to prevent a part of the exhaust gas from flowing past the honeycomb structures during operation in the exhaust system of a motor vehicle.
  • the first and / or the second intermediate tube is provided with support means for supporting on other components.
  • a system such as that shown above without the formation of support means may be highly sensitive to vibrations, depending on the frequency spectrum of the corresponding internal combustion engine in whose exhaust system the honeycomb body is to be used.
  • support means for example, rod-shaped support elements can be formed here, which are in particular attached to the front side of the intermediate tube are formed.
  • a support of the intermediate tube via the feed line to the means for adding a reactant to a jacket tube or another component.
  • a corresponding bore can be provided in the at least one intermediate tube through which the supply line passes and with which it is in particular connected in a materially bonded manner.
  • the feed line of a material as stable as possible, such as a metal, in particular a stainless steel tube.
  • the feed line of a corrosion-resistant material, which is also correspondingly temperature-stable.
  • the supply line is provided with a corresponding coating.
  • rod-shaped support means can also be sheet-shaped so planar support means may be formed.
  • the support means can also serve as a flow distribution means, which lead to a corresponding distribution of the exhaust gas flow to the two honeycomb structures during operation of the honeycomb body at the same time.
  • the support means are preferably formed at locations where the at least one intermediate tube without training of the support means would have a correspondingly large oscillation amplitude. These are particularly preferably the protruding end regions of the intermediate tube.
  • the second honeycomb structure is arranged in a jacket tube and at least one intermediate tube is connected to the jacket tube via support means.
  • the second honeycomb structure is then essentially fixed to the adjacent intermediate tube and is thus inserted into the jacket tube.
  • the alignment of the intermediate tube to the shell is now via the support means, so that a permanently substantially equal forces acting on the second honeycomb structure from the jacket.
  • the formation of an intermediate tube with support means advantageously increases the durability of a corresponding honeycomb body.
  • the support means can be designed and configured at appropriate locations, taking into account the corresponding resonant frequencies and high vibration amplitudes in these engines.
  • an exhaust system for a motor vehicle which comprises at least one honeycomb body according to the invention.
  • the exhaust gas system has a throughflow direction, which is formed at least one intermediate tube in the flow direction upstream of an end face of at least one of the first and second honeycomb structure protruding.
  • a supply line for a reactant is formed by the jacket tube or by the jacket tube and the at least one intermediate tube.
  • the liquid supply with a reactant reservoir in particular Re- duMionsstoffreservoir, preferably a reservoir for urea in aqueous solution, connected.
  • a reactant reservoir in particular Re- duMionskarreservoir
  • this is a tank or a reservoir for urea in aqueous solution.
  • conveying means in particular controllable conveying means such as pumps, are formed, through which a reducing agent can be fed through the feed line into the means for adding a reactant.
  • urea injections can take place continuously or else in dependence on the current operating state of the engine and / or the exhaust system. This can be done in particular depending on the concentrations of NO and / or NO 2 .
  • a second honeycomb body through which a fluid can flow is formed with an SCR coating in the flow direction behind the first and the second honeycomb structure.
  • flow mixing means are formed between the first and the second honeycomb structure and the second honeycomb body for mixing a first gas flow flowing through the first honeycomb structure and a second gas flow flowing through the second honeycomb structure.
  • An exhaust system designed in this way can advantageously be used as an S CR exhaust system, with hydrolysis and thermolysis taking place in the first honeycomb structure as explained above.
  • the flow mixing means particularly preferably ensure that as homogeneous a mixing as possible of the gas streams which can flow through the first and the second honeycomb structure can take place, so that the most uniform possible conversion in the SCR catalyst takes place in the third honeycomb structure and / or in the second honeycomb body can.
  • a method for reducing the proportion of nitrogen oxides (NOx) in an exhaust gas stream comprising the following steps: a) splitting the exhaust gas stream into a peripheral and a central flow, b) oxidizing at least part of the fraction of nitrogen monoxide (NO) in the boundary stream; c) hydrolysis of at least a portion of the portion of urea ((NH 2 ) 2 CO) in the central stream; d) mixing the boundary and central flows into a total flow; e) reduction of nitrogen oxides in the total flow.
  • step b), c) and e) are preferably carried out in honeycomb bodies or honeycomb structures, which are formed with a corresponding coating, such as this has been explained above with reference to a honeycomb body according to the invention.
  • urea is introduced into the central flow in aqueous solution.
  • steps b), c) and e) take place when flowing through in each case a honeycomb structure and / or in each case a honeycomb body.
  • honeycomb body according to the invention applies in the same way to the exhaust system according to the invention and can be transferred from the honeycomb body to the exhaust system and vice versa. All the advantages mentioned above in connection with the honeycomb body according to the invention also occur in the exhaust gas system according to the invention and vice versa. The details and advantages disclosed above in particular for the honeycomb body according to the invention and for the exhaust system according to the invention can also be transferred to the method according to the invention and in each case vice versa. In particular, the method according to the invention can be carried out using a honeycomb body according to the invention or an exhaust gas system according to the invention.
  • 1 shows schematically a longitudinal section through a first exemplary embodiment of a honeycomb body according to the invention
  • 2 shows schematically a longitudinal section through a second embodiment of a honeycomb body according to the invention
  • FIG. 3 shows a cross section through the first exemplary embodiment of the honeycomb body according to the invention
  • FIG. 4 shows a cross section of a honeycomb body according to the invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic longitudinal section through an exhaust system according to the invention.
  • FIG. 6 schematically shows a cross section through a third embodiment of a honeycomb body according to the invention.
  • Fig. 7 shows schematically a cross section through a fourth exemplary embodiment of a honeycomb body according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically in longitudinal section a honeycomb body 1 according to the invention with a first honeycomb structure 2 through which a fluid can flow and a second honeycomb structure 3 which can be flowed through radially outside the first honeycomb structure 1.
  • the second honeycomb structure is coaxial with the first honeycomb structure 2 in the present exemplary embodiment.
  • the first 2 and the second honeycomb structure 3 are separated from each other by an intermediate tube 4.
  • the intermediate tube 4 protrudes on both sides in a first axial direction 5 by between 5 and 15 centimeters and in the opposite direction by 0.5 to 2 cm beyond the end faces 6 of the honeycomb structures 2, 3 addition.
  • erf ⁇ ndungswash means 7 for adding a reactant in the interior 8 of the intermediate tube 4 are formed.
  • the second honeycomb structure 3 is held in a jacket tube 9. Due to the projecting beyond the end faces 6 intermediate tube 4 takes place during operation of the
  • Honeycomb body 1 in the exhaust system of an automobile a division of the exhaust gas flows through the first honeycomb structure 2 and the second honeycomb structure 3.
  • 3 can be achieved by adjusting the diameter of the intermediate tube and the parameters of the honeycomb structures 2 and 3, in particular with regard to cell density, wall thickness and shape of the individual cells a very accurate distribution of the exhaust gas flow.
  • it is possible and according to the invention in addition to provide separate upstream Gasstromrties wornen, which may for example consist of corresponding funnels or flaps.
  • a correspondingly designed movable flap can be provided, with which the ratio of the gas flows, which flow through the first 2 and second honeycomb structure 3 in operation, can be adapted to the current circumstances.
  • the quantities can be produced by the distribution devices hydrolyzed urea and thus the amount of ammonia formed can be controlled as needed in a downstream SCR catalyst.
  • the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 comprises two honeycomb structures 2, 3 which are not only formed coaxially, but also have the same length.
  • the honeycomb structures 2, 3 can also be formed offset in different lengths and / or against each other.
  • the honeycomb structures 2, 3 overlap in the first direction 5, but these honeycomb structures 2, 3 can be offset in the first direction 5 relative to one another be educated.
  • a reducing agent from an unshown reducing agent reservoir through the means 7 for adding a reactant in the indoor ⁇ cavities are input.
  • the addition of liquid reducing agents or of reducing agent is at least partially as at least one aerosol.
  • the first honeycomb structure 2 is provided with a hydrolysis catalyst coating, conversion of the reducing agent can take place here.
  • urea is used as the reducing agent, hydrolyzing and thermolysis of the urea occur in the first honeycomb structure, resulting in the formation of ammonia (NH 3 ).
  • This ammonia may be used for selective catalytic reduction in a suitably designed downstream catalyst.
  • the region of the second honeycomb structure 3 is at least partially provided with an oxidation catalyst coating, which may possibly catalyze the formation of additional nitrogen dioxide from nitrogen monoxide, there is a risk of damage or destruction of this region if the reducing agent comes into contact with this region , Therefore, it is advantageous to form the means 7 for adding a reactant in the interior 8 of the intermediate tube 4, since this ensures due to the flow conditions in the exhaust system that no reactant b: zw. no reducing agent comes into contact with the second honeycomb structure 3. Thus, it is advantageously ensured that damage to the oxidation catalytic converter region of the second honeycomb structure 3 is effectively avoided.
  • the length 13 of the projecting region 14 of the intermediate tube 4 is selected so that, together with the specific configuration of the means 7 for adding a reactant, the most uniform possible reactant distribution 12 is ensured when it encounters the end face 6 of the first honeycomb structure.
  • the intermediate tube 4 of the honeycomb body 1 also projects on the opposite end face 6. It is preferred that such a pipe socket 32 is provided with an extension 33 which is in the range of 0.5 to 2 cm. This offers the possibility of fastening support structures 20 in order to enable bilateral support of the honeycomb body 1 in the jacket tube 9.
  • Fig. 2 shows a further embodiment of a honeycomb body according to the invention in longitudinal section.
  • this honeycomb body 1 has a third honeycomb structure 15.
  • the third honeycomb structure 15 may be both part of a single honeycomb body 1 together with the second honeycomb structure 3 and the first honeycomb structure 2.
  • the third honeycomb structure 15 may be housed in a separate honeycomb body, in which case the third honeycomb structure 15 is formed downstream of the first honeycomb structure 2 and the second honeycomb structure 3 with respect to a flow direction 16.
  • a region 17 without honeycomb structures is formed between the first 2 and / or the second honeycomb structure 3 and the third honeycomb structure 15. This region 17 has an axial length 18.
  • the axial length 18 is chosen so that in this area under normal operating conditions in the exhaust system of a motor vehicle, a mixing of the two gas streams can be achieved, which flow through the first honeycomb structure 2 and the second honeycomb structure 3, so that the third honeycomb structure 15 with a possible well-mixed gas stream is flowed.
  • flow mixing means 19 may be formed, which lead to the best possible mixing of the two gas streams mentioned above.
  • These flow mixing means 19 may, for example in the form of a baffle plate, one or more straight or rounded plates, which are optionally formed offset from each other, be formed with and / or without holes and optionally also in the form of a conventional known based on a honeycomb mixer structure.
  • the axial length 18 is preferably in a range of 30 to 50 mm, particularly preferably in the range of 35 to 45 mm, particularly preferably 40 mm in length.
  • the exemplary embodiment of a honeycomb body according to the invention shown in FIG. 2 can be used particularly advantageously in a space-saving manner as a system for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of nitrogen oxides (NO x) .
  • the honeycomb body according to the invention allows the implementation of a selective catalytic reduction in which only a partial flow of the exhaust gas is subjected to a hydrolysis in a simple manner particularly space-saving, without additional housing for carriers and complex gas ducts are to be formed.
  • the honeycomb body 1 according to the invention can be used in a passenger vehicle or the like, ie in areas in which the available installation space for a unit represents a serious restriction for additional exhaust gas components.
  • a very good implementation of the nitrogen oxides can be carried out in a simple manner, without additional components are needed.
  • Fig. 3 shows a cross section along the section line shown in Fig. 1.
  • the first honeycomb structure 2 which is formed coaxially with the second honeycomb structure 3.
  • the first honeycomb structure 2 and the second honeycomb structure 3 are separated from each other by the intermediate pipe 4.
  • the second honeycomb structure 3 is held in a jacket tube 9.
  • the honeycomb structure 2, 3 are constructed from at least partially structured layers 25 and essentially smooth layers 26, which form channels 27.
  • the honeycomb structures 2, 3 can be constructed of layers as well as ceramic as a monolith.
  • at least partially metallic layers 25, 26 are to be understood here as layers, in particular high-temperature-resistant layers Sheet metal or fiber layers. Layers 25, 26 produce a honeycomb structure in which they are wound and / or stacked and subsequently wound. For this purpose, various possibilities are known from the prior art.
  • FIG. 4 schematically shows a perspective view of a part of a honeycomb body 1 according to the invention in the projecting region 14 of the intermediate tube 4.
  • support structures 20 are formed, which connect the intermediate tube 4 to the jacket tube 9.
  • the support structures 20 - shown here by way of example as four rod-shaped elements - are preferably designed so that vibrations in the coupled system of intermediate tube and jacket tube are prevented as effectively as possible.
  • One possibility here is to provide the support structures 20 at or adjacent to the end of the projecting region 14 facing away from the honeycomb structures 2, 3.
  • vibrations of the system can be effectively prevented.
  • the support structures 20 are not limited in their form to stabformige support structures 20, the training in the form of, for example, sheets is possible and according to the invention.
  • Fig. 5 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a honeycomb body according to the invention in longitudinal section.
  • the projecting region 14 of the intermediate tube 4 is provided with means for dividing the flow in this exemplary embodiment.
  • This is on the one hand a rigid funnel 21, which is attached to the intermediate pipe 4 and on the other hand, a movable flap 22 which can be pivoted in the direction of arrow 23.
  • the pivotable flap 22 allows a very precise control of the proportions of a gas flow, which flow through the first honeycomb structure 2 and the second honeycomb structure 3. So is a very precise control of the ammonia and / or nitrogen dioxide content in the gas stream after the honeycomb structures 2, 3 possible if corresponding coatings on the honeycomb structures 2, 3 are formed.
  • FIG. 5 shows schematically the connection of the agent 7 for adding a reactant via a feed line 11 with a reactant reservoir 24.
  • honeycomb structures 2, 3 are shown which are formed coaxially and overlapping each other, wherein there are partial areas which have no overlap.
  • the honeycomb structures 2, 3 have different lengths and are offset relative to one another. This is also possible in addition to the measures indicated in the embodiments shown above.
  • honeycomb body 1 shows schematically a cross section through a third exemplary embodiment of a honeycomb body 1 according to the invention with a first honeycomb structure 2 and a second honeycomb structure 3.
  • the honeycomb structure each have channel walls 28 which delimit channels 27.
  • the channel walls 28 may be formed as described above by layers 25, 26 or also of ceramic material. For clarity, in both honeycomb structure 2, 3, the channel walls 28 and channels 27 are shown only by way of example.
  • the first honeycomb structure 2 and the second honeycomb structure 3 are formed by a first intermediate tube 29 and a second intermediate tube 30 located outside the first intermediate tube 29.
  • the intermediate tube 29, 30 are separated by a gap 31, which represents an air gap insulation.
  • the width of the gap 31 is preferably in the range of 2 to 5 mm.
  • FIG. 7 shows schematically a cross section through a fourth exemplary embodiment of a honeycomb body 1 according to the invention, which differs essentially from the third exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 6 in that no gap is cut out between the first intermediate tube 29 and the second intermediate tube 30. is formed, but these are in intimate contact.
  • the intermediate tubes 29, 30 are positively, positively and / or materially connected.
  • a cohesive connection by high-temperature brazing and / or welding is advantageous because a heat exchange between the two honeycomb structure 2, 3 can take place here in an advantageous manner.
  • honeycomb body according to the invention advantageously enables the formation of exhaust gas systems in which the exhaust gas flow is divided and guided through different honeycomb structures 2, 3. This is particularly advantageous for forming an SCR system in which the first honeycomb structure 2 serves as the hydrolysis catalyst and the second honeycomb structure 3 serves as the oxidation catalyst.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

Abstract

Corps à nids d'abeilles (1) possédant une première structure (2) en nid d'abeilles pouvant être traversée par un fluide et une seconde structure (3) en nid d'abeilles pouvant être traversée par un fluide et située radialement à l'extérieur de la première structure (2) en nid d'abeilles, qui est au moins concentrique par rapport à la première structure (2) en nid d'abeilles. Les première (2) et seconde (3) structures en nid d'abeilles sont séparées l'une de l'autre par un tube intermédiaire (4) qui fait saillie au moins d'un côté dans un premier sens axial (5), d'une distance allant de X à Y cm, par rapport à une face avant (6) d'au moins une des structures (2, 3) en nid d'abeilles, des moyens (7) d'introduction d'un réactif étant conçus à l'intérieur (8) du tube intermédiaire (4). Le corps à nids d'abeilles selon la présente invention permet de manière avantageuse la production de systèmes d'échappement dans lesquels le flux de gaz d'échappement est divisé et guidé à travers des structures (2, 3) en nid d'abeilles différentes. La présente invention est particulièrement avantageuse pour la production d'un système de réduction sélective catalytique dans lequel la première structure (2) en nid d'abeilles sert de catalyseur d'hydrolyse et la seconde structure (3) en nid d'abeilles sert de catalyseur d'oxydation.
PCT/EP2005/002904 2005-03-16 2005-03-18 Corps a nids d'abeilles pourvu de moyens d'introduction de reactif, procede correspondant et systeme associe WO2006097131A1 (fr)

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EP3159510A1 (fr) 2008-08-27 2017-04-26 Vida Holdings Corp. Ltd. Catalyseur
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DE102010056281A1 (de) 2010-12-24 2012-06-28 Volkswagen Ag Abgasanlage mit HC-Adsorber und parallelem Abgaskatalysator sowie Fahrzeug mit einer solchen Abgasanlage
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