EP1294880A2 - Peptides antimicrobiens de la famille des defensines, polynucleotides codant ces peptides, vecteurs et organismes transformes les contenant - Google Patents
Peptides antimicrobiens de la famille des defensines, polynucleotides codant ces peptides, vecteurs et organismes transformes les contenantInfo
- Publication number
- EP1294880A2 EP1294880A2 EP01949535A EP01949535A EP1294880A2 EP 1294880 A2 EP1294880 A2 EP 1294880A2 EP 01949535 A EP01949535 A EP 01949535A EP 01949535 A EP01949535 A EP 01949535A EP 1294880 A2 EP1294880 A2 EP 1294880A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- peptide
- host organism
- transformed
- polynucleotide
- termicin
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/44—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a nitrogen atom attached to the same carbon skeleton by a single or double bond, this nitrogen atom not being a member of a derivative or of a thio analogue of a carboxylic group, e.g. amino-carboxylic acids
- A01N37/46—N-acyl derivatives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
- A01N63/50—Isolated enzymes; Isolated proteins
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/43504—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from invertebrates
- C07K14/43563—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from invertebrates from insects
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
- C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
- C12N15/82—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for plant cells, e.g. plant artificial chromosomes (PACs)
- C12N15/8241—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology
- C12N15/8261—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield
- C12N15/8271—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield for stress resistance, e.g. heavy metal resistance
- C12N15/8279—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield for stress resistance, e.g. heavy metal resistance for biotic stress resistance, pathogen resistance, disease resistance
- C12N15/8281—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield for stress resistance, e.g. heavy metal resistance for biotic stress resistance, pathogen resistance, disease resistance for bacterial resistance
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
- C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
- C12N15/82—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for plant cells, e.g. plant artificial chromosomes (PACs)
- C12N15/8241—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology
- C12N15/8261—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield
- C12N15/8271—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield for stress resistance, e.g. heavy metal resistance
- C12N15/8279—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield for stress resistance, e.g. heavy metal resistance for biotic stress resistance, pathogen resistance, disease resistance
- C12N15/8282—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield for stress resistance, e.g. heavy metal resistance for biotic stress resistance, pathogen resistance, disease resistance for fungal resistance
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K2217/00—Genetically modified animals
- A01K2217/05—Animals comprising random inserted nucleic acids (transgenic)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2319/00—Fusion polypeptide
- C07K2319/01—Fusion polypeptide containing a localisation/targetting motif
- C07K2319/02—Fusion polypeptide containing a localisation/targetting motif containing a signal sequence
Definitions
- Antimicrobial peptides of the defensin family polynucleotides encoding these peptides, vectors and transformed organisms containing them
- the present invention relates to new antimicrobial peptides of the family of defensins, in particular antifungals, called antifungals, called antifungals, called antifungals, called antifungals, called antifungals, called antifungals, called antifungals, called antifungals, called antifungals, called antifungals, called antifungals, called antifungals, called antifungals, called antifungals, called antifungals, called antifungals, called antifungals, called antifungals, called antifungals, called antifungals, called antifungals, called antifungals, called antifungals, called antifungals, called antifungals, called antifungals, called antifungals, called antifungals, called antifungals, called antifungals, called antifungals, called antifungals, called antifungals, called antifungals, called antifungals, called antifungals, called antifungals, called antifungals, called antifungals, called antifungals, called antifungals, called antifungals, called antifungals, called antifungals, called antifung
- the invention also relates to transformed organisms, in particular yeasts producing specificin, or plant cells and plants, the quantitativeins produced by transformed plants conferring on them resistance to diseases, in particular of fungal origin.
- the invention also relates to the use of toxicins as a medicament and the pharmaceutical compositions comprising them.
- Invertebrates especially Insects, a number of substances naturally produced by these organisms which give them protection against pathogens of bacterial or fungal origin. These substances are generally peptides which are said to be antibacterial, antifungal or antimicrobial depending on whether they have a preferential activity with respect to bacteria, fungi, or a mixed activity with respect to these two types of pathogens.
- bactericide or fungicide means both the bactericidal or fungicidal properties proper as well as the bacteriostatic or fungistatic properties.
- the solution to the technical problem of the present invention therefore lies in the isolation of peptides identified, initially, preferentially by their antimicrobial properties rather than by their structures.
- This solution is obtained with the definition of in vitro tests for inhibiting the growth of bacteria, fungi or yeasts, which tests make it possible to screen extracts from a large number of organisms, in particular insects, for the presence of 'activities with respect to at least one of these tests.
- a characteristic toxicin is isolated from the termite Pseudacanthotermes spiniger.
- a proliferative factor is a peptide belonging to the class of insect defensins.
- the insect defensins class mainly includes antibacterial and / or antifungal peptides characterized by the fact that they contain six cysteines linked together by three dissulfide bridges.
- the invention therefore relates to new peptides, antiins.
- te ⁇ nicins present mainly a fungicidal activity, in particular against the filamentous fungi responsible for plant diseases and the fungi of human and animal pathology.
- the antiins also have an activity with respect to yeasts of human pathology, as well as lytic or static properties on Gram-positive bacteria.
- the present invention also relates to polynucleotides encoding a therapeuticin as defined above.
- polynucleotide means a natural or artificial nucleotide sequence which may be of DNA or RNA type, preferably of DNA type, in particular double strand.
- the polynucleotides can either be artificially synthesized, or correspond to the polynucleotides of the insect from which they are isolated, or else correspond to fragments derived from these polynucleotides, suitable for the expression of the toxicin in the host organism where said antiin will be expressed.
- the polynucleotides can be obtained according to standard isolation and purification methods, or alternatively by synthesis according to the usual techniques for successive hybridizations of synthetic oligonucleotides. These techniques are in particular described by Ausubel el al. (1987, Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, eds. Greene, Publ. Wiley & Sons).
- the polynucleotides coding for therapeuticin comprise polynucleotides coding for the peptide sequence described by the sequence identifier SEQ ID NO: 2. It is well known to those skilled in the art that this definition includes all polynucleotides which, although comprising different nucleotide sequences as a result of the degeneration of the genetic code, code for the same amino acid sequence, which is represented by l SEQ ID NO: 2.
- the present invention also includes isolated polynucleotides encoding toxicins and capable of selectively hybridizing to one of the polynucleotides previously described.
- polynucleotide capable of hybridizing selectively is meant according to the invention the polynucleotides which, by one of the usual methods of the prior art (Sambrook et al., 1989, Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Nolan C. ed., New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press), hybridize with the above polynucleotides at a level significantly above background.
- the background noise can be linked to the hybridization of other polynucleotides present, in particular other cDNAs present in a cDNA library.
- the level of the signal generated by the interaction between the polynucleotide capable of selective hybridization and the polynucleotides defined by the above sequence ID according to the invention is generally 10 times, preferably 100 times more intense than that of l interaction of other DNA sequences generating background noise.
- the level of interaction can be measured, for example, by labeling the probe with radioactive elements, such as 12 P.
- Selective hybridization is generally obtained by using very harsh environmental conditions (for example 0.03 M NaCl and 0.03 M sodium citrate at about 50 ° C-60 ° C).
- the invention also includes isolated polynucleotides encoding toxicins and homologs of the polynucleotides previously described.
- homologous polynucleotides having one or more sequence modifications with respect to the nucleotide sequences described above and coding for a therapeuticin whose properties are not significantly altered. These modifications can be obtained according to the usual mutation techniques leading in particular to the addition, deletion, or substitution of one or more nucleotides with respect to the sequences of the invention.
- the degree of homology will be at least 70% relative to the sequences of the invention, preferably at least 80%, more preferably at least 90%.
- the methods for measuring and identifying the homologies between the nucleic acid sequences are well known to those skilled in the art.
- One can use for example the PILEUP or BLAST programs in particular Altschul et al, 1993, J. Mol. Evol. 36: 290-300; Altschul et al., 1990, J. Mol. Biol. 215: 403-10).
- the present invention also relates to fragments of the polynucleotides described above.
- fragment denotes in particular a fragment of at least 20 nucleotides, in particular of at least 50 nucleotides, and preferably of at least 100 nucleotides.
- the polynucleotide according to the invention is represented by the sequence identifier SEQ ID NO: 1.
- the present invention also relates to polynucleotides comprising at least one of the polynucleotides as described above.
- a topical agent is a peptide comprising the peptide sequence described by the sequence identifier SEQ ID NO: 2 or a fragment of this sequence.
- fragment is meant essentially a biologically active fragment, that is to say a fragment of the sequence of a therapeuticin having the same antimicrobial activity as a complete proliferator.
- the NH 2 terminal residue of a therapeuticin can exhibit a post-translational modification, for example acetylation, just as the C-terminal residue can exhibit a post-translational modification, for example an amidation.
- a toxicin as described in the present invention differs from defensins of insects of the state of the art by its peptide structure, and in particular of another defensin of insects, the heliomicine described in patent application WO 99/53053, by the structural characteristic of having a number of amino acid residues between cysteines no. 3 and 4 greater than 9.
- the cysteine residues of a therapeuticin form at least one intramolecular disulfide bridge, preferably three disulfide bridges.
- the bridges of sulfides are established between the cysteine residues 1 and 4, 2 and 5 and 3 and 6.
- the present invention also relates to a chimeric gene comprising at least, operably linked, a functional promoter in a host organism, a polynucleotide coding for a toxicin as defined in the present invention, and a functional terminator in this same organism host.
- the various elements that a chimeric gene can contain are, on the one hand, elements regulating the transcription, translation and maturation of proteins, such as a promoter, a sequence coding for a signal peptide or a peptide transit, or a terminator constituting a polyadenylation signal, and on the other hand a polynucleotide coding for a protein.
- operatively linked to one another means that said elements of the chimeric gene are linked to each other so that the functioning of one of these elements is affected by that of another.
- a promoter is operably linked to a coding sequence when it is able to affect the expression of said coding sequence.
- the choice of regulatory elements constituting the chimeric gene is essentially a function of the host species in which they must function, and those skilled in the art are capable of selecting functional regulatory elements in a given host organism. By “functional” is meant capable of functioning in a given host organism.
- the promoters which the chimeric gene according to the invention may contain are either constitutive or inducible. It also appears important that the chimeric gene also includes a signal peptide or a transit peptide which makes it possible to control and direct the production of toxicin specifically in a part of the host organism, such as for example the cytoplasm, a particular compartment of the cytoplasm, the cell membrane, or in the case of plants in a particular type of cell or tissue compartments or in the extracellular matrix.
- the transit peptide can be a chloroplastic or mitochondrial addressing signal, which is then cleaved in the chloroplasts or the mitochondria.
- the signal peptide can be an N-terminal signal or "prepeptide", optionally in combination with a signal responsible for the retention of the protein in the endoplasmic reticulum, or an addressing peptide vacuolar or "propeptide".
- the endoplasmic reticulum is the cell compartment where operations are carried out to mature the protein produced, such as, for example, the cleavage of the signal peptide.
- Transit peptides can be either single or double.
- the double transit peptides are optionally separated by an intermediate sequence, that is to say that they comprise, in the direction of transcription, a sequence coding for a transit peptide of a plant gene coding for an enzyme with plastid localization. , a part of the sequence of the mature N-terminal part of a plant gene coding for an enzyme with plastid location, then a sequence coding for a second transit peptide of a plant gene coding for an enzyme with plastid location.
- Such double transit peptides are for example described in patent application EP 0 508 909.
- signal peptide useful according to the invention mention may be made in particular of the signal peptide of the PR-1 gene from tobacco described by Cornelissen et al. (1987, Nucleic Acid Res. 15, 6799-681 1) in particular when the chimeric gene according to the invention is introduced into plant cells or plants, or the signal peptide of the precursor of the factor factor ⁇ l (Brake et al., 1985, In: Gething M.-J. (eds.); Protein transport and secretion, pp.103-108, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York) when the chimeric gene according to the invention is introduced into yeasts.
- the present invention also relates to a vector containing a chimeric gene according to the invention.
- the vector according to the invention is useful for transforming a host organism and for expressing in it a toxicin.
- This vector can be a plasmid, a cosmid, a bacteriophage or a virus.
- the main qualities of this vector must be an ability to maintain and self-replicate in the cells of the host organism, in particular thanks to the presence of an origin of replication, and to express toxicin there.
- the choice of such a vector as well as the techniques for inserting into it the chimeric gene according to the invention are widely described in Sambrook et al. (1989, Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Nolan C.
- the vector used in the present invention also contains, in addition to the chimeric gene of the invention, a chimeric gene containing a selection marker.
- This selection marker makes it possible to select the host organisms actually transformed, that is to say those which have incorporated the vector.
- the host organism to be transformed is a plant.
- the host organism is a microorganism, in particular a yeast.
- markers containing antibiotic resistance genes such as, for example, that of the hygromycin phosphotransferase gene (Gritz et al., 1983, Gene 25: 179-188), but also markers containing herbicide tolerance genes such as the bar gene (White et al, NAR 18: 1062, 1990) for bialaphos tolerance, the EPSPS gene (US 5,188,642) for glyphosate tolerance or the HPPD gene (WO 96/38567) for tolerance to isoxazoles. Mention may also be made of genes coding for easily identifiable enzymes such as the enzyme GUS, genes coding for pigments or enzymes regulating the production of pigments in transformed cells. Such selection marker genes are described in particular in patent applications WO 91/02071, WO 95/06128, WO 96/38567, and WO 97/04103.
- the present invention also relates to transformed host organisms, containing a vector as described above.
- host organism any mono or multicellular organism, lower or higher, into which the chimeric gene according to the invention can be introduced, for the production of toxicin.
- bacteria for example E. coli, yeasts, in particular of the genera Saccharomyces, Kluyveromyces, or Pichia, fungi, in particular Aspergillus, a baculovirus, or preferably plant and plant cells .
- plant cell any cell originating from a plant and which can constitute undifferentiated tissues such as calluses, differentiated tissues such as embryos, parts of plants, plants or seeds.
- plant means any differentiated multicellular organism capable of photosynthesis, in particular monocots or dicots, more particularly crop plants intended or not for animal or human consumption, such as corn, wheat, rapeseed, soybeans, rice, sugar cane, beet , tobacco, cotton.
- transformed host organism means a host organism which has incorporated the chimeric gene of the invention into its genome, and consequently produces a toxicin in its tissues, or in a culture medium.
- those skilled in the art can use one of the many known transformation methods.
- One of these methods consists in placing the cells to be transformed in the presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and of the vectors of the invention (Chang and Cohen, 1979, Mol. Gen. Genêt. 168 (1), 111-115; Mercenier and Chassy, 1988, Biochemistry 70 (4), 503-517).
- Electroporation is another method which consists in subjecting the cells or tissues to be transformed and the vectors of the invention to an electric field (Andreason and Evans, 1988, Biotechniques 6 (7), 650-660; Shigekawa and Dower, 1989 , Aust. J. Biotechnol. 3 (1), 56-62).
- Another method is to directly inject the vectors into host cells or tissues by micro-injection (Gordon and Ruddle, 1985, Gene 33 (2), 121-136).
- the so-called "biolistic” method can be used. It consists in bombarding cells or tissues with particles on which the vectors of the invention are adsorbed (Bruce et al. 1989, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86 (24), 9692-9696; Klein and al., 1992, Biotechnology 10 (3). 286-291; US Patent No. 4,945,050).
- the transformation of plants will be carried out using bacteria of the genus Agrobacterium, preferably by infection of the cells or tissues of said plants with A.
- tumefaciens Knopf, 1979, Subcell. Biochem. 6, 143-173; Shaw et al., 1983, Gene 23 (3): 315-330
- A. rhizogenes Bevan and Chilton, 1982, Annu. Rev. Genêt. 16: 357-384; Tepfer and Casse-Delbart, 1987, Microbiol. Sci . 4 (1), 24-28.
- the transformation of plant cells by Agrobacterium tumefaciens is carried out according to the protocol described by Ishida et al. (1996, Nat. Biotechnol. 14 (6), 745-750).
- the present invention therefore also relates to transformed microorganisms containing a chimeric gene according to the invention, and expressing toxicin.
- the transformation of microorganisms makes it possible to produce toxicin on a semi-industrial or industrial scale.
- the microorganism to be transformed can be yeast, fungus, bacteria, or virus.
- a person skilled in the art will be able to select the regulatory elements of the chimeric gene allowing the optimization of toxicin production. These regulatory elements are in particular promoter sequences, transcription activators, signal or transit peptides, terminator sequences and start and stop codons.
- the transformed host organism is a yeast.
- the transformation of a yeast can be carried out with an expression vector comprising a polynucleotide coding for proin and the following elements:
- the ura-3 gene is used for yeast and the gene which confers resistance to ampicillin for E. coli,
- a nucleic acid sequence allowing replication (origin of replication) of the plasmid in yeast is used,
- nucleic acid sequence allowing replication (origin of replication) of the plasmid in E. coli, - a chimeric gene according to the invention consisting
- a promoter regulatory sequence Any promoter sequence of a gene expressing itself naturally in yeast can be used.
- the promoter of the Mf ⁇ l gene from S. cerevisiae is used as described in Betz et al. (1987, J. Biol. Chem., 262, 546-548) or Reichhart et al. (1992, Invert. Reprod. Dev., 21, 15-24), (2) of a sequence coding for a signal peptide (or prepeptide) in association with an addressing peptide (or propeptide). These regions are important for the correct secretion of the peptide.
- the sequence encoding the pre-pro-peptide of the precursor of factor MF ⁇ 1 is used as described in Betz et al. (1987, J. Biol. Chem., 262, 546-548) or Reichhart et al. (1992, Invert. Reprod. Dev., 21, 15-24), (3) of a polynucleotide according to the invention
- PGK phosphoglycerate kinase
- yeasts of species 5 cerevisiae are transformed with the expression vector by the lithium acetate method (Ito et al., 1993, J. Bacteriol, 153, pp
- the transformed yeasts are selected on a selective agar medium which does not contain uracil. Mass production of the transformed yeasts is carried out by culture for 24 h to 48 h in a selective liquid medium.
- the present invention therefore also relates to a process for preparing toxicin, comprising the steps of culturing a transformed microorganism comprising a gene coding for specificin as defined above in an appropriate culture medium, then the extraction and total or partial purification of the specificin obtained.
- the regulatoryin-producing microorganism used is a transformed yeast comprising a chimeric gene according to the invention.
- the yeasts are removed by centrifugation and the culture supernatant is brought into contact with an acid solution which may be a solution of a mineral or organic acid such as example hydrochloric acid or acetic acid.
- the extract obtained is then centrifuged cold at a speed of 4000 to 10,000 rpm at 4 ° C, for 30 to 60 min.
- the purification of toxicin can be preceded by a fractionation step of the supernatant obtained following the extraction step.
- the extract is deposited on the reverse phase to carry out a solid phase extraction.
- the water-soluble molecules are washed with a dilute acid solution and the hydrophobic molecules are eluted with an appropriate eluent.
- trifluoroacetic acid is used for washing and an eluent containing increasing amounts of acetonitrile in dilute acid solution.
- a second extraction step in the solid phase is carried out and preferably on the ion exchange phase.
- the non-retained molecules are washed in a saline buffer at acidic pH and the cationic molecules are eluted with a solution with increasing concentration of salts.
- the quality required for good fixation of the molecules is obtained with an ammonium acetate buffer at a concentration of less than 100 ⁇ M.
- an eluent containing a saline chaotropic agent in buffered solution is used.
- the purification of anti-inflammatory agent is carried out in a reverse phase HPLC step with a suitable eluent which may be different or identical to that of the reverse phase. previous.
- the different stages of the purification are followed by a test for inhibition of fungal and bacterial growth in a liquid medium.
- the tests are carried out with the fungus Neurospora crassa, and the bacterium Micrococcus luteus.
- the quantitative in sequence produced by the transformed yeasts is analyzed according to the Edman degradation sequencing method and by mass spectrometry.
- the structural characterization is carried out directly on the peptide produced, on the peptide modified by reduction / alkylation as well as on fragments of the peptide.
- the peptide sequence and the molecular mass of the toxicin produced as well as the minimum inhibitory concentration (CM1). against the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa were compared with those of a reference toxicin, the native fluorescentin extracted from whole bodies of Pseudacanthotermes spiniger.
- the two molecules have the same primary structure with the exception of the presence of an additional C-terminal amino acid in the recombinant molecule, namely a peptide residue consisting of an amino acid, preferably glycine (Gly ) to replace the C-terminal amidation of the peptide residue represented by the amino acid C-terminal a ide of the natural molecule, namely the peptide residue consisting of the amino acid - Arg-amide.
- the determination of the position of the disulfide bridges indicates that the arrangement of the disulfide bridges is identical in the two peptides, native and produced by the transformed microorganism.
- the invention also relates to transformed plants containing a chimeric gene according to the invention and expressing in their tissues a toxicin according to the invention, said quantitativein conferring on these plants resistance towards pathogenic organisms.
- the chimeric gene used to obtain transformed plants according to the invention may contain a constitutive promoter or an inducible promoter.
- promoter any promoter of a gene expressing itself naturally in plants can be used, in particular a promoter of bacterial, viral or vegetable origin.
- constitutive promoters which can be used in the chimeric gene of the present invention
- bacterial promoters such as that of the octopine synthase gene or that of the nopaline synthase gene
- promoters viral such as that of the gene controlling the transcription of RNA19S or 35S of the cauliflower mosaic virus (Odell et al., 1985, Nature, 313, 810-812), or the promoters of the rib mosaic virus Cassava (as described in patent application WO 97/48819).
- promoters of plant origin mention will be made of the promoter of the gene for the small ribulose-biscarboxylase / oxygenase (RuBisCO) subunit, the promoter of a histone gene as described in application EP 0 507 698, or the promoter of a rice actin gene (US 5,641,876 ). Mention may also be made of the regulatory element defined by the functional association of a histone gene promoter associated with an actin gene intron as described in patent application WO 99/34005.
- RuBisCO small ribulose-biscarboxylase / oxygenase
- the chimeric gene contains an inducible promoter.
- An inducible promoter is a promoter which functions, that is to say which induces the expression of a coding sequence, only when it is itself induced by an inducing agent.
- This inducing agent is generally a substance which can be synthesized in the host organism following a stimulus external to said organism, this external stimulus possibly being for example a pathogenic agent.
- the inducing agent can also be a substance external to this host organism capable of penetrating inside of it.
- the promoter used in the present invention is inducible following the aggression of the host organism by a pathogenic agent.
- Such promoters are known, such as, for example, the promoter of the plant O-methyltransferase class II (COMT II) gene described in patent application FR 99 03700, the PR-1 promoter from Arabidopsis (Lebel et al, 1998, Plant J. 16 (2): 223-233), the EAS4 promoter of the sesquiterpene synthase gene from Tobacco (Yin et al., 1997, Plant Physiol. 115 (2), 437-451), or the promoter of the gene encoding 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (Nelson et al., 1994, Plant Mol. Biol. 25 (3): 401-412).
- COMP O-methyltransferase class II
- the chimeric gene can also contain, in association with the promoter regulatory sequence, other regulatory sequences, which are located between the promoter and the coding sequence, such as transcription activators ("enhancer"), such as, for example, the translational activator of the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) described in application WO 87/07644, or of the tobacco etch virus (TEV) described by Carrington and Freed (1990, J. Virol. 64, 1590-1597). It can also contain a signal peptide or a transit peptide as described above.
- transcription activators such as, for example, the translational activator of the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) described in application WO 87/07644, or of the tobacco etch virus (TEV) described by Carrington and Freed (1990, J. Virol. 64, 1590-1597.
- terminating elements which can be used in the chimeric gene of the present invention, we can cite by way of example the terminating element nos of the gene coding for nopaline synthase from Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Bevan et al., 1983, Nucleic Acids Res 1 1 (2), 369-385), or the terminator of a histone gene as described in application EP 0 633 317.
- the chimeric gene can also be associated with a selection marker adapted to the transformed host organism.
- selection markers are well known to those skilled in the art. It could be an antibiotic resistance gene, or a herbicide tolerance gene for plants. Such herbicide tolerance genes are well known to those skilled in the art and in particular described in patent applications EP 115 673, WO 87/04181, EP 337 899, WO 96/38567 or WO 97/04103.
- the transformed plants according to the invention also include the transformed plants resulting from the culture and / or crossing of the above regenerated plants, as well as the seeds of transformed plants.
- the plants thus transformed are resistant to certain diseases, in particular certain fungal or bacterial diseases, preferably to fungal diseases such as those caused, for example, by a fungus of the genus Cercospora, in particular Cercospora fijensis, of the genus Septoria in particular.
- Septoria nodorum or Septoria tritici of the genus Fusarium, in particular Fusarium nivale or Fusarium graminearum, of the genus Botrylis, in particular Botrytis cinerea, or of the genus Rhizoctonia, in particular Rhizoctonia solani.
- the cells and plants transformed according to the invention can comprise, in addition to a chimeric gene according to the invention, at least one other chimeric gene containing a polynucleotide encoding a protein of interest.
- polynucleotides encoding a protein of interest mention may be made of polynucleotides encoding an enzyme for resistance to a herbicide, for example the polynucleotide encoding the enzyme bar (White et al., NAR 18: 1062, 1990) tolerance to bialaphos, the polynucleotide coding for the EPSPS enzyme (US 5,188,642; WO 97/04103) for tolerance to glyphosate or the polynucleotide coding for the HPPD enzyme (WO 96/38567).
- disease resistance polynucleotides may also be contained in these plants, for example a polynucleotide coding for the enzyme oxalate oxidase as described in patent application EP 0 531 498 or US patent 5,866,778, or a polynucleotide coding for another antibacterial and / or antifungal peptide such as those described in patent applications WO 97/30082, WO 99/24594, WO 99/02717, WO 99/53053, and WO99 / 91089.
- SAT serine acetyltransferase enzyme
- the other sequences can be integrated using the same vector comprising a chimeric gene, which comprises a first sequence coding for proliferin and at least one other sequence coding for another peptide or protein of interest.
- the plants according to the invention can also be obtained by crossing parents, one carrying the gene according to the invention coding for progenitor, the other carrying a gene coding for at least one other peptide or protein of interest.
- the present invention also relates to a method of cultivating transformed plants according to the invention, the method consisting in planting the seeds of said transformed plants in an area of a field suitable for the cultivation of said plants, to be applied to said surface of the said field an agrochemical composition, without substantially affecting said seeds or said transformed plants, then harvesting the cultivated plants when they reach the desired maturity and optionally separating the seeds from the harvested plants.
- agrochemical composition comprising at least one active product having one of the following activities, herbicide, fungicide, bactericide, virucide or insecticide.
- the agrochemical composition comprises at least one active product having at least one activity fungicide and / or bactericide, more preferably having an activity complementary to that of the quantitativein produced by the plants transformed according to the invention.
- product having an activity complementary to that of specificin is meant according to the invention a product having a spectrum of complementary activity, that is to say a product which will be active against attacks by contaminants (fungi, bacteria or viruses) insensitive to specificin, or a product whose activity spectrum covers that of specificin, in whole or in part, and whose application dose will be reduced substantially due to the presence of specificin produced by the plant transformed.
- Termicin is a peptide which is particularly active against fungi and yeasts and certain bacteria, and can therefore be used as a preventive or curative measure to protect various organisms against fungal and / or bacterial attack.
- the present invention therefore also relates to regulatoryin as a medicament. It also relates to the use of toxicin for the treatment of plants against fungal and / or bacterial attack, by applying the toxicin directly on said plants.
- the present invention also relates to a composition
- a composition comprising a therapeuticin according to the invention and a suitable vehicle.
- the first quality of the suitable vehicle is that it does not substantially degrade the quantitativein in the composition, and that it does not reduce the bactericidal and fungicidal properties of the toxicin.
- vehicle is meant any substance which is added to toxicin in the present composition in order to essentially promote the transport and the protection of said toxicin.
- This composition can be a cosmetic composition and in this case the appropriate vehicle is cosmetically acceptable, further adapted for application to the skin or the integuments.
- the composition may also be a pharmaceutical composition for therapeutic use in human or animal health, and in this case the appropriate vehicle is pharmaceutically acceptable, suitable for administration of toxicin topically, per os or by injection.
- the composition can be an agrochemical composition and in this case the appropriate vehicle is agrochemically acceptable, suitable for application on plants or near plants, without degrading them.
- the composition can be a food composition for animal or human food, and in this case the appropriate vehicle is food acceptable, that is to say compatible with assimilation of the composition by ingestion.
- Termites whole bodies are reduced to a fine powder in a mortar in the constant presence of liquid nitrogen.
- An extract can be produced on both male and female animals, naive or immune.
- An extract from blood cells or salivary glands is also possible.
- the solution which enables the extract to be made contains, in addition to trifluoroacetic acid, a protease inhibitor (aprotinin at a final concentration of 10 ⁇ g / ml) and a melanization inhibitor (phenylthiourea at 20 ⁇ M).
- a protease inhibitor aprotinin at a final concentration of 10 ⁇ g / ml
- a melanization inhibitor phenylthiourea at 20 ⁇ M
- the fraction containing the peptide was analyzed by reverse phase chromatography on an Aquapore RP-300 C 8 semi-preparative column (Brownlee TM, 220 x 7 mm, 300 ⁇ ), the elution was carried out by a linear gradient of acetonitrile from 2 to 60% in 0.05% TFA for 120 minutes at a constant flow rate of 1.3 ml / min.
- the fractions were collected manually by following the variation in absorbance at 214 nm and 225 nm. The collected fractions were dried under vacuum, reconstituted with ultrapure water and analyzed for their antimicrobial activity using the tests described below.
- the antimicrobial fraction corresponding to the peptide was analyzed on two size exclusion columns mounted in series (Ultraspherogel SEC 3000 and SEC 2000, 7.5 x 300 mm, Beckman TM) and protected by a pre-column (Ultraspherogel SEC , 7.5 x 40 mm, Beckman TM).
- the elution is carried out under isocratic conditions with 30% acetonitrile in the presence of 0.05% TFA at a flow rate of 0.4 ml / min.
- the fractions are collected as a function of the variation in optical density measured at 225 and 214 nm.
- the collected fractions were dried under vacuum, reconstituted with ultrapure water and analyzed for their antimicrobial activity using the tests described below.
- the antimicrobial fraction corresponding to the peptide was analyzed on the same column in reverse phase as for the initial step, using as elution conditions a discontinuous linear gradient of acetonitrile in acidified water (TFA 0.05% ) 2-15% in 10 min and 15-45% in 120 min. The fractions are collected and analyzed for their antimicrobial activity as before.
- the antimicrobial fraction is analyzed on a reverse phase analytical column Aquapore OD-300 (220 x 4.6 mm, Brownlee TM) and the elution of the compound of interest carried out by a linear biphasic gradient of acetonitrile in acidified water 2-15% in 10 min followed by a gradient of 22-32% in 50 min at a flow rate of 0.8 ml / min and at a controlled temperature of 30 ° C.
- the last purification step is carried out on a reverse phase column with small internal diameter called “narrow bore” (Delta Pak HPIC 18 , 2 x 150 mm, Waters TM) at a controlled temperature at 30 ° C at a flow rate of 0.2 ml / min.
- the gradient used to perform this last purification step is a linear two-phase gradient of acetonitrile in acid medium (TFA 0.05%) of 2-17% in 10 min and 17-27% in 40 min.
- TFA 0.05%) linear two-phase gradient of acetonitrile in acid medium
- the purity of the antifungal peptide was verified by capillary zone electrophoresis on a 270-HT model (PEApplied Biosystems division of Perkin Elmer). 1 ⁇ l of a 50 ⁇ M solution of purified peptide was injected with vacuum assistance into a silica capillary (72 cm ⁇ 50 ⁇ m) and the analysis was carried out in 20 mM citrate buffer at pH 2.5. The electrophoresis was carried out at 20 kV from the anode to the cathode for 20 min at 30 ° C. The migration was recorded at 200 nm. 2-2 Determination of the number of cysteines: reduction and S-pyridylethylation.
- the number of cysteine residues was determined on the native peptide by reduction and S-pyridylethylation. 1 nanomole of native peptide was reduced in 40 ⁇ l of 0.5 M Tris / HCl buffer, pH 7.5 containing 2 mM of EDTA and 6 M of guanidinium chloride in the presence of 2 ⁇ l of 2.2 M dithiothreitol The reaction medium was placed under a nitrogen atmosphere. After 60 min of incubation in the dark, 2 ⁇ l of freshly distilled 4-vinylpyridine were added to the reaction which was then incubated for 10 min at 45 ° C in the dark and under a nitrogen atmosphere.
- the pyridylethylated peptide was then separated from the constituents of the reaction medium by reverse phase chromatography using a linear gradient of acetonitrile in the presence of 0.05% TFA. 2-3 Determination of the mass of the native peptide, of the S-pyridylethylated peptide and of the proteolysis fragments by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time Of Flight).
- the mass measurements were carried out on a MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer Bruker Biflex TM III (Bremen, Germany) in positive linear mode.
- the mass spectra were calibrated externally with a standard mixture of peptides of known m / z, respectively 2199.5 Da, 3046.4 Da and 4890.5 Da.
- the various products to be analyzed were deposited on a thin layer of ⁇ -cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid crystals obtained by rapid evaporation of a saturated solution in acetone. After drying under a slight vacuum, the samples were washed with a drop of 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid before being introduced into the mass spectrometer. 2-4 Sequencing by Edman degradation.
- the peptide fragments were separated by reverse phase HPLC on a Narrowbore Delta-Pak TM HPIC ! 8 column (Waters Associates , 150 x 2 mm) in a linear acetonitrile gradient from 0 to 60% in 90 min in 0.05% TFA with a flow rate of 0.2 ml / min and a constant temperature of 30 ° C.
- the fragments obtained were analyzed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and the peptide corresponding to the C-terminal fragment was sequenced by degradation of Edman.
- thermolysin Boehringer Manheim, thermolysin / peptide ratio, 1/2 by weight: weight
- MES buffer N-ethylmorpholine
- reaction was stopped by addition of formic acid and the reaction products were immediately separated by reverse phase chromatography on a Narrowbore Delta-Pak TM HPIC 18 column (Waters Associates, 150 x 2.2 mm) in a linear gradient of acetonitrile from 2 to 50% in 100 min in 0.05% TFA at a flow rate of 0.2 ml / min at 30 ° C preceded by an isocratic step at 2% acetonitrile for 10 min.
- the fragments obtained were analyzed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and sequenced by Edman degradation.
- Example II Expression of specificin in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
- the assembly was carried out from 6 synthetic oligonucleotides coding for the 36 amino acids of monitoringin preceded by the 5 C-terminal amino acids of the preprosequence of the factor al (Mfal) of yeast and followed by the additional peptide residue constituted by l amino acid glycine (SEQ ID NO: 3).
- the oligonucleotides were chosen taking into account the preferential codons used by S. cerevisiae.
- Oligonucleotides 2 to 5 were phosphorylated at their 5 'ends by the action of the polynucleotide kinase (New England Biolabs); - Oligonucleotides 1 to 6 were mixed, heated to 100 ° C and hybridized by slowly decreasing the temperature to 25 ° C for 3 hours;
- hybrid oligonucleotides were subjected to a treatment with the ligase of bacteriophage T4 (New England Biolabs) for 15 hours at 15 ° C;
- the Sphl-HinDIII fragment of the vector M13JM132 contains the promoter sequence of the yeast MF ⁇ 1 gene as well as the sequence encoding the pre-pro region of the factor MF ⁇ 1.
- the synthetic toxicin gene is therefore inserted between the pre-pro sequences of factor Mf ⁇ 1 and the transcription terminator; this construction must therefore ensure the maturation and secretion of specificin.
- Example II-3 Transformation of a strain of S. cerevisiae by the DNA of the plasmid pSEA2 and analysis of transformants.
- the yeast strain TGY 48.1 (MATa, ura3-D5, his, pral, prbl, prcl, cpsl; Reichhart et al., 1992, Invert. Reprod. Dev. 21, pp 15-24) was transformed with the plasmid p .IL193, The transformants were selected at 29 ° C. on a selective YNBG medium (0.67% yeast nitrogen base, 2% glucose), supplemented with 0.5% casamino acids and containing no uracil. After transformation, several yeast clones, selected for the ura + character, were cultured for 48 h at 29 ° C. in 50 ml of selective medium.
- the fractions were collected manually by following the variation in absorbance at 225 nm and 254 nm.
- the collected fractions were dried under vacuum, reconstituted with ultrapure water and analyzed for their antimicrobial activity in the conditions described in Example III.
- Example II-4 Production of recombinant toxicin on a semi-preparative scale.
- One of the quantitativein-expressing transformed yeast clones was cultured at 29 ° C for
- the recombinant peptide is eluted with a solution with high ionic strength (for example 1M sodium chloride) in 25 mM ammonium carbonate buffer at pH 3.6.
- the recombinant peptide is desalted on a Sep-Pak TM cartridge C, 8 , (Waters Associates) equilibrated with acidified water (TFA 0.05%).
- the recombinant peptide retained on the cartridge is then eluted with an acetonitrile solution in acidified water (TFA 0.05%), a 45% solution of acetonitrile is advantageous.
- the fraction containing the peptide is purified by analysis by HPLC on a preparative reverse phase column Aquapore RP-300 C s (Brownlee TM, 250 x 10 mm, 300 ⁇ ), using a discontinuous linear gradient of 2% acetonitrile. at 17% in 10 min and from 17 to 27% in 60 min in the 0.05% TFA with a constant flow rate of 2.5 ml / min.
- the fractions were collected manually by following the variation in absorbance at 225 nm and 254 nm.
- Example III In vitro activity test: measurement of the antimicrobial activity by microspectrophotometry.
- This methodology was used for the demonstration of antimicrobial molecules during the various purification stages, for the determination of the spectrum of activity of the peptide and for the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) at which the peptide was active. .
- the MIC was expressed as a concentration range [a] - [b] where [a] was the minimum concentration where growth began and [b] the concentration for which no growth was observed . Examples of the specific activity of specificin with respect to filamentous fungi, yeasts and bacteria are given in Tables 1 to 4.
- Example III-1 Activity Detection Test Against Filamentous Fungi
- Antifungal activity was detected by a growth inhibition test in liquid medium.
- the spores of the fungi to be tested were suspended in a “Potato-Glucose” type culture medium.
- a “Potato-Glucose” type culture medium Preferably, 12 g of Potato Dextrose Broth medium (Difco) is used per 1 1 of demineralized water.
- Two antibiotics were added to the culture medium: tetracycline (final concentration of 10 ⁇ g / ml) and cefotaxime (100 ⁇ g / ml).
- 10 ⁇ l of each fraction to be analyzed are deposited in microtitration plates in the presence of 90 ⁇ l of culture medium containing the spores (at a final concentration of 104 spores / ml).
- the incubation was carried out in a humid chamber at 30 ° C for 48 hours.
- the fungal growth was observed under a light microscope after 24 h and quantified after 48 hours by measuring the absorbance at 600 nm using a microtiter plate reader spectrophotometer.
- Tricophyton mentagrophyles donation from Dr H. Koenig, Hôpital civil, France
- Nectria haematococca Fusarium culmorum, Trichoderma viride (mycotheque of the clergy University of Leuven, Belgium)
- Neurospora crassa Fusarium oxysporum, (mycotheque of the governing Clause, Paris).
- Table 2 activity of proliferative fungi. The activity is here expressed as a growth percentage corresponding to 100 ⁇ (1 - absorbance with product / absorbance of the control without product), the absorbance being measured at 600 nm, 5 days after the start of the experiment.
- Example III-2 Test for Detection of Activity Against Yeasts
- the different yeast strains were incubated in a culture medium of the "Sabouraud" type and incubated at 30 ° C. for 24 h with slow shaking.
- Candida albicans Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (donation from Dr H. Koenig, Civil Hospital, France)
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae obtained from Dr H. Koenig, Civil Hospital, France
- Table 3 below. Table 3: Termicin activity against yeasts.
- Example III-3 Activity Detection Test Against Bacteria
- Antibacterial activity was detected by a growth inhibition test in liquid medium.
- the bacteria to be tested were suspended in a nutritive medium of the "Poor Broth” or "Luria Bertani” type.
- a 10 g / l solution of bacterotryptone using 5 g / l NaCl prepared in demineralized water for "Poor Broth” and a 10 g / l solution of bacterotryptone, 10 g / l NaCl are used.
- Streptococcus pyogenes 25-50 Micrococcus luteus 50-100 Bacillus megaterium 50-100
- Example III-3 show activity against Gram-positive bacteria.
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FR0008374A FR2810993B1 (fr) | 2000-06-29 | 2000-06-29 | Peptides antimicrobiens de la famille des defensines, polynucleotides codant ces peptides, vecteurs et organismes transformes les contenant |
FR0008374 | 2000-06-29 | ||
PCT/FR2001/002028 WO2002000706A2 (fr) | 2000-06-29 | 2001-06-27 | Peptides antimicrobiens de la famille des defensines, polynucleotides codant ces peptides, vecteurs et organismes transformes les contenant |
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US (1) | US20040087771A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1294880A2 (fr) |
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US20090317395A1 (en) * | 2006-07-11 | 2009-12-24 | Barbara Kofler | Antimicrobial Peptide Derived from Galanin Message Associated Peptide (GMAP) |
WO2010080836A2 (fr) * | 2009-01-06 | 2010-07-15 | C3 Jian, Inc. | Peptides antibactériens et antifongiques |
US11713341B1 (en) | 2022-06-17 | 2023-08-01 | Vestaron Corporation | Antimicrobial NCR13 variant peptides |
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FR2777568B1 (fr) * | 1998-04-15 | 2002-10-31 | Rhone Poulenc Agrochimie | Gene codant pour l'heliomicine, proteine obtenue, vecteur le contenant, organismes transformes obtenus et procede de preparation |
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AU2001270669A1 (en) | 2002-01-08 |
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WO2002000706A3 (fr) | 2002-03-21 |
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