EP1291580A1 - Appareil à gaz avec brûleur en partie basse, équipé de moyens de sécurité, et chauffe-eau en faisant application - Google Patents

Appareil à gaz avec brûleur en partie basse, équipé de moyens de sécurité, et chauffe-eau en faisant application Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1291580A1
EP1291580A1 EP02292115A EP02292115A EP1291580A1 EP 1291580 A1 EP1291580 A1 EP 1291580A1 EP 02292115 A EP02292115 A EP 02292115A EP 02292115 A EP02292115 A EP 02292115A EP 1291580 A1 EP1291580 A1 EP 1291580A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flame
gas
gas supply
burner
pilot
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP02292115A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Bernard Dane
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Burner Systems International BSI SA
Original Assignee
Sourdillon SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FR0111668A external-priority patent/FR2829565B1/fr
Priority claimed from FR0114021A external-priority patent/FR2829566A1/fr
Application filed by Sourdillon SA filed Critical Sourdillon SA
Publication of EP1291580A1 publication Critical patent/EP1291580A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/10—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using thermocouples
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/24—Preventing development of abnormal or undesired conditions, i.e. safety arrangements
    • F23N5/247—Preventing development of abnormal or undesired conditions, i.e. safety arrangements using mechanical means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2227/00—Ignition or checking
    • F23N2227/22—Pilot burners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2229/00—Flame sensors
    • F23N2229/16—Flame sensors using two or more of the same types of flame sensor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2231/00—Fail safe
    • F23N2231/18—Detecting fluid leaks

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to improvements brought to gas appliances, and in particular to water heaters gas, comprising a gas burner arranged in the lower part of said device and in the vicinity of a surface underlying this device, which further comprises a pilot light control of the atmosphere connected to the gas supply of the burner and means for detecting the temperature of the flame of said pilot which are functionally coupled to means for cutting off the gas supply to the main burner,
  • gas water heaters / bath heaters of this type not only equip individual dwellings, but also industrial premises such as garages or auto repair shops. In the latter type many accidents were found by unintentional ignition of gasoline vapors projected in the immediate vicinity of the base of the devices, there where the gas burner is.
  • the devices have been fitted out with sealed combustion chambers supplied with air primary by vertical pipes with inlet ports are raised above the surface (usually the ground) on which the device rests and on which the essence liquid may spill with formation above stagnant gasoline vapors. Again, this solution is not not satisfactory because it requires a modification of the basic structure of the devices.
  • the object of the invention is to propose a solution particularly effective in terms of security, which accommodates a dirty environment, which does not requires no modification of the basic structure of devices and which, therefore, can apply not only new devices, but also existing devices by a simple modification, and which ultimately does not entail not too high an additional cost.
  • a gas appliance as mentioned in preamble is characterized, being arranged in accordance with the invention, in that the atmosphere control pilot light has a primary air intake port to which connected a tube whose free orifice is located below the level of the gas burner.
  • the gas supply to the main burner is interrupted when the means of temperature detection detect a cooling of the pilot flame which is caused by enrichment in mixture gas (presence of vapors in primary air or obstruction of the air supply by a liquid phase, especially liquid petrol).
  • the free orifice of said tube is located in close proximity to the support surface of the device, i.e. it is located as close as possible from this surface in order to be assured that the safety device will act as soon as vapors and / or a liquid (essence) will appear on the underlying surface, while still leaving enough space for the primary air intake can be done in quantity sufficient and the pilot can operate normally in the absence of petrol.
  • the appliance rests on the floor and the free end of the tube is then located near immediately from the ground.
  • the means of flame temperature detection include at minus one thermocouple which is arranged in the axis and downstream of the pilot light and whose output voltage controls them means for cutting off the gas supply to the burner main.
  • flame temperature detection means include two thermocouples, the second of the thermocouples can be offset laterally from the axis of the pilot light, and are capable of generating an output voltage not zero in the presence of a flame resulting from operation correct pilot light and output voltage substantially zero in the absence of flame or in the presence an abnormal flame due to gas enrichment of the mixing, and in that the cut-off means of the gas supply are of the opening type in the presence of a non-zero and closing control electric voltage in the presence of a zero control electric voltage.
  • the means for detecting the flame temperature further include a thermal effect microswitch, which can be arranged laterally offset from the pilot axis, which has an input terminal connected to an electrical source and an output terminal connected to the control means the gas supply to the main burner, and which has a excitation input terminal connected to the above thermocouple (12), that said microswitch is capable of generating a output voltage equal to supply voltage when excited by the thermocouple brought into contact flame resulting from proper operation of the pilot light and zero output voltage in the absence of flame or in the presence of an abnormal flame due to a gas enrichment of the mixture, and that the means of gas supply controls are of the opening type in the presence of a non-zero control electric voltage and closing in the presence of an electrical voltage of null order.
  • thermocouple or the microswitch In an alternative embodiment suitable for preventing an accidental shutdown of the main burner, provision is made between the second thermocouple or the microswitch and the night light is interposed a mobile screen sensitive to a temperature rise so that said screen remains in position in the presence of a stable flame or briefly extended to prevent tripping inadvertent said second thermocouple or microswitch and to prevent an inadvertent interruption of the supply by gas, but that said screen is moved under the action of a overheating due to a long-lasting flame and then puts said second thermocouple or microswitch in presence of said elongated flame with a view to cutting off the gas supply.
  • the screen can then advantageously be made up of a bimetallic strip.
  • a gas appliance of the type targeted by the invention is shown in the form of a gas water heater 1, since it is there of a preferred, although not exclusive, application provisions of the invention.
  • the water heater 1 comprises, very succinctly, a outer casing or box 2 forming a covering and containing a water tank 3 at the base of which is located at least one gas burner 4. Above the burner 4 extends a chimney 5 for evacuating the combustion gases, which passes vertically through the water tank 3 and opens the atmosphere at the top of the box 2.
  • Box 2 is mounted or supported in such a way that its bottom is in the vicinity of an underlying surface 6.
  • box 2 is based on a support surface such as soil 6 using a base 7 of relatively low height so that the gas burner 4 is found relatively close to this support surface.
  • the bottom 8 of the body 2 is open, or has openings for the free passage of ambient air by direction of burner 4 (primary air).
  • the device 1 also includes a safety device comprising an atmosphere control pilot light 9, connected to the gas supply to burner 4, which comprises a primary air inlet port to which is connected a air intake tube 10 whose free end 11 is located below the level of the gas burner 4.
  • a safety device comprising an atmosphere control pilot light 9, connected to the gas supply to burner 4, which comprises a primary air inlet port to which is connected a air intake tube 10 whose free end 11 is located below the level of the gas burner 4.
  • assistant to the pilot 9 of the means 12 for detecting the temperature of the flame 15 of the pilot light 9 these means 12 being functionally coupled 13 to cut-off means 14 (motorized tap for example) of the gas supply main burner 4.
  • the means 12 of pilot flame detection 12 consist of a thermocouple whose threshold is set in relation to the temperature of flame 13 of the pilot light in normal operation, i.e. when the pilot light is supplied with pure primary air.
  • the safety device it is desirable that it interrupt the burner 4 operation as soon as the first appear gasoline vapors or the first traces of liquid gasoline.
  • the orifice 11 of the tube of air intake 10 is located as close as possible to the support surface 6, taking care, however, that sufficient free passage remains so that, in operation normal, air can easily enter the tube in sufficient quantity, so that the burner 4 is normally supplied with primary air and operates correctly.
  • the safety device implemented according to the invention operates as follows.
  • the cutting means 14 gas supply can be made up as a multi-functional tap or valve with control electromagnetic which is sensitive to electromotive force generated by thermocouple 12.
  • thermocouple embodiment 12 illustrated in FIGS. 2A to 2C presents a very large sensitivity to variations in ambient temperature.
  • Such layout which has the advantage of simplicity, can give complete satisfaction in a temperature environment stable.
  • it is better to use the layout illustrated in Figures 3A and 3C which then turns out to be more advantageous because, operating differently, it frees itself from thermal drifts.
  • thermocouple 12A which is arranged in the axis of the pilot and whose electrical output is connected at 13 to the input positive (or non-inverting input) of a device electronic comparator 18.
  • thermocouple 12B (which can advantageously be provided with a protective sleeve in ceramic 19 to dampen the convections of heat returned possible for example by a movement of the flame 15 of the pilot under the effect of a draft) which is arranged more distant and offset from the axis of the pilot.
  • the electrical output of thermocouple 12B is connected at 20 to the negative input (or inverting input) of the comparator device 18.
  • the output of the comparator device 18 is connected at 21 to the control of the switching means gas supply 14, advantageously constituted under electromagnetic valve, which are inserted in the gas supply pipe 22 to the burner gas 4.
  • the valve 14 has a positive opening control, i.e. that it is in the open position when a voltage not null is applied to its command input and it is automatically recalled to the closed position within other cases (zero control voltage; no voltage control).
  • thermocouple 12A In normal operation (FIG. 3A), the primary air is correctly sucked towards the pilot 9 through the tube 10 and the flame 15, having a normal temperature, bathes the sensitive part of the thermocouple 12A; the latter then delivers a positive voltage V A (for example typically 9 mV) applied to the positive input of the comparator device 18.
  • V A for example typically 9 mV
  • the thermocouple 12B For its part, the thermocouple 12B is not touched by the flame and it delivers a voltage V B which is substantially zero at the inverting input of the comparator device 18.
  • the comparator device 18 delivers an output voltage V s which is substantially equal to the input voltage V A present on its positive terminal, voltage output which is applied to the control input terminal of the valve 14 and which maintains the latter in the open position.
  • the gas therefore flows (arrow 23) in the direction of the burner 4.
  • thermocouple 12A If gasoline vapors 16 are present at the orifice 16 of the tube 10 and are drawn into it (FIG. 3B), this results in a cooling of the flame which lengthens and softens: henceforth, not only the flame 15 'bathes the thermocouple 12A, but it also bathes the thermocouple 12B. Under these conditions, the two thermocouples deliver voltages V A and V B, which are substantially identical (for example typically 0.9 mV) which are applied to the non-inverting and inverting inputs of the comparator device 18 respectively. As a result, the voltage of output V s of the comparator device 18 is substantially zero. As the valve 14 control is no longer energized, the valve closes and interrupts the gas supply to burner 4.
  • thermocouples 12A, 12B In the case of the presence of a liquid (in particular of liquid essence) obstructing the tube 10 (FIG. 3C), the flame deprived of air is shortened and is deflected (15 "), so that it does not bathe then neither of the two thermocouples 12A, 12B. These deliver output voltages V A and V B which are zero; the comparator device 18 therefore also delivers an output voltage which is zero. not energized, the valve closes and interrupts the gas supply to the burner 4.
  • the differential function introduced by the comparator device eliminates the terms of drift and the output signal V s is insensitive to this thermal influence.
  • thermocouples 12A and 12B are connected to each other in series and in opposition so that their respective signals get subtract.
  • line 22 the two respective negative terminals of two thermocouples are joined to each other (line 22), while the positive terminals of the main thermocouple 12A and 12B thermocouple, respectively, are connected (24, 25) to the electromagnetic control of valve 14.
  • the combinations of signals from thermocouples 12A, 12B, and therefore the conditions for opening / closing tap 14 are same as those indicated above with regard to the figures 3A to 3C.
  • thermocouples Although the means described above with reference to FIGS. 3A-3C give all satisfaction with regard to operating safety, they nevertheless have the drawback that the output voltage V s delivered by the thermocouples is relatively low (for example typically of from 5 to 10 mV). As a result, for reliable operation, the means 14 for cutting off the gas supply which are of the electromagnetic type must be equipped with a high-performance, well-designed and therefore expensive coil. Certain manufacturers, who wish to lower the manufacturing cost of the devices as much as possible, have expressed the desire to use low-performance, but inexpensive coils, which require a significantly higher excitation voltage than that which can be delivered by thermocouples.
  • thermocouple 12 thermal (i.e. thermal contact reversal) which can be arranged laterally offset from the axis of the pilot light 9.
  • the output of the thermocouple 12 is connected by line 13 to an excitation input of the microswitch 26.
  • microswitch 26 has a main input terminal connected to a voltage source V and an output which is connected by line 21 to the means 14 for gas supply cut-off control.
  • the flame 15 bathes the sensitive part of the thermocouple 12 without reaching the microswitch 26.
  • the voltage V A delivered by the thermocouple 12 maintains the microswitch 26 in a conduction state between its main input and its output. so that the output voltage V s is equal to the voltage V of the source. It is therefore under the voltage V that the gas supply control means 14 are excited, which, as indicated above, are maintained in the open position (supply to the main burner) in the presence of a voltage of excitation.
  • the gas supply control means 14 can be energized under a voltage V of any value, even high, independently of the voltage V A delivered by the thermocouple.
  • the microswitch 26 then behaves like a relay.
  • thermocouple 12B or microswitch 26 are sensitive to an extension of the flame and then command closure the main burner supply valve.
  • Figures 6A-6C which corresponds to the embodiment of FIGS. 5A-5C, but which can be renewed as for other modes of embodiment, in particular that of FIGS. 3A-3C).
  • a mobile screen 27 which can only be erased presence of non-fugitive temperature rise caused by a long-lasting flame due to a pilot light failure.
  • a screen 27 can advantageously be constituted, in a simple manner, by a bimetallic strip as illustrated in FIG. 6A.
  • the bimetallic strip forming the screen 27 is arranged so that during normal operation of the pilot light, it either not reached by the flame 15 bathing the thermocouple 12, but either as an extension of the flame 15 beyond this.
  • the microswitch 26 then operates under the conditions set out above with regard to the Figure 5A.
  • the flame lengthens briefly (flame 15 1 in FIG. 6B), it certainly reaches the screen 27; but it does not have time to heat up and does not move / deform.
  • the microswitch 26, thus protected does not switch and maintains the continuity of the excitation circuit of the means 14 for controlling the supply of gas to the main burner (arrow 23).
  • the bimetallic strip constituting the screen 27 is deformed by releasing the microswitch 26 which also becomes exposed to the 15 'flame ( Figure 6C).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Combustion (AREA)
EP02292115A 2001-09-10 2002-08-28 Appareil à gaz avec brûleur en partie basse, équipé de moyens de sécurité, et chauffe-eau en faisant application Withdrawn EP1291580A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0111668 2001-09-10
FR0111668A FR2829565B1 (fr) 2001-09-10 2001-09-10 Appareil a gaz avec bruleur en partie basse, equipe de moyens de securite, et chauffe-eau en faisant application
FR0114021 2001-10-30
FR0114021A FR2829566A1 (fr) 2001-09-10 2001-10-30 Appareil a gaz avec bruleur en partie basse, equipe de moyens de securite, et chauffe-eau en faisant application
FR0204401A FR2829564A1 (fr) 2001-09-10 2002-04-09 Appareil a gaz avec bruleur en partie basse, equipe de moyens de securite, et chauffe-eau en faisant application
FR0204401 2002-04-09

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1291580A1 true EP1291580A1 (fr) 2003-03-12

Family

ID=27248810

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP02292115A Withdrawn EP1291580A1 (fr) 2001-09-10 2002-08-28 Appareil à gaz avec brûleur en partie basse, équipé de moyens de sécurité, et chauffe-eau en faisant application

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US6648627B2 (es)
EP (1) EP1291580A1 (es)
AR (1) AR036476A1 (es)
BR (1) BR0203655A (es)
CA (1) CA2404508A1 (es)
FR (1) FR2829564A1 (es)
MX (1) MXPA02008850A (es)

Families Citing this family (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7387089B2 (en) * 2004-09-03 2008-06-17 Rheem Manufacturing Company Water heater with cross-sectionally elongated raw fuel jet pilot orifice
US7028642B2 (en) * 2004-09-03 2006-04-18 Rheem Manufacturing Company Water heater having raw fuel jet pilot and associated burner clogging detection apparatus
US7162980B2 (en) * 2004-11-18 2007-01-16 Rheem Manufacturing Company Water heater burner clogging detection and shutdown system
US20070039568A1 (en) * 2004-11-18 2007-02-22 Rheem Manufacturing Company Water Heater Burner Clogging Detection and Shutdown System with Associated Burner Apparatus
US7261061B2 (en) * 2004-12-03 2007-08-28 American Water Heater Company Water heater with lint collection detection
US20060199124A1 (en) * 2005-02-11 2006-09-07 Robertshaw Controls Company Low NOx pilot burner and associated method of use
US9228746B2 (en) * 2006-05-31 2016-01-05 Aos Holding Company Heating device having a secondary safety circuit for a fuel line and method of operating the same
GB2444109B (en) * 2006-11-22 2011-04-20 Valor Ltd Heating apparatus
US8403661B2 (en) 2007-03-09 2013-03-26 Coprecitec, S.L. Dual fuel heater
US7766006B1 (en) * 2007-03-09 2010-08-03 Coprecitec, S.L. Dual fuel vent free gas heater
US8057219B1 (en) * 2007-03-09 2011-11-15 Coprecitec, S.L. Dual fuel vent free gas heater
US20110277706A1 (en) * 2010-05-13 2011-11-17 Arnold J Eric Gas-fired heating device having a thermopile
GB2515462A (en) * 2013-04-22 2014-12-31 Basic Holdings Control assembly for a gas fire
DE102015222155B4 (de) * 2015-11-11 2019-06-19 Viessmann Werke Gmbh & Co Kg Verfahren zur Steuerung einer Heizeinheit sowie Heizeinheit und Computerprogrammprodukt zur Ausführung des Steuerverfahrens
EP4123241A1 (en) 2021-07-22 2023-01-25 BDR Thermea Group B.V. System and method for detecting a backflow of a fluid in a combustion chamber of a boiler

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0100758A2 (en) * 1982-08-03 1984-02-15 OFFICINE DI PERNUMIA di Giancarlo de' STEFANI & C. S.a.s. A safety device for gas heating apparatus
US4995415A (en) * 1989-03-09 1991-02-26 Weber Harold J Partially flooded gas appliance safety shut-off method and apparatus

Family Cites Families (5)

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JPS5630533A (en) * 1979-08-20 1981-03-27 Rinnai Corp Safety device for combustion system
EP0055750B1 (en) * 1980-07-11 1985-04-17 BOIJ, Karl Oskar Arne Apparatus for burning spirit or the like liquid fuel
US4924816A (en) * 1989-05-01 1990-05-15 Mor-Flo Industries, Inc. Water heater with flame spill-out prevention arrangement
US5797355A (en) * 1995-04-04 1998-08-25 Srp 687 Pty Ltd Ignition inhibiting gas water heater
US6139311A (en) * 1998-01-20 2000-10-31 Gas Research Institute Pilot burner apparatus and method for operating

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0100758A2 (en) * 1982-08-03 1984-02-15 OFFICINE DI PERNUMIA di Giancarlo de' STEFANI & C. S.a.s. A safety device for gas heating apparatus
US4995415A (en) * 1989-03-09 1991-02-26 Weber Harold J Partially flooded gas appliance safety shut-off method and apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2829564A1 (fr) 2003-03-14
CA2404508A1 (fr) 2003-03-10
AR036476A1 (es) 2004-09-08
BR0203655A (pt) 2003-06-03
US6648627B2 (en) 2003-11-18
US20030049574A1 (en) 2003-03-13
MXPA02008850A (es) 2004-09-10

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