EP1290777A2 - Convertisseur de commutation - Google Patents

Convertisseur de commutation

Info

Publication number
EP1290777A2
EP1290777A2 EP01942860A EP01942860A EP1290777A2 EP 1290777 A2 EP1290777 A2 EP 1290777A2 EP 01942860 A EP01942860 A EP 01942860A EP 01942860 A EP01942860 A EP 01942860A EP 1290777 A2 EP1290777 A2 EP 1290777A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
input
series
voltage
winding
switching converter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP01942860A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Harald Weinmeier
Andreas Kranister
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG Oesterreich
Original Assignee
Siemens AG Oesterreich
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG Oesterreich filed Critical Siemens AG Oesterreich
Publication of EP1290777A2 publication Critical patent/EP1290777A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/3353—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having at least two simultaneously operating switches on the input side, e.g. "double forward" or "double (switched) flyback" converter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • H02M1/0074—Plural converter units whose inputs are connected in series

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a switching converter for converting a DC input voltage into an DC output voltage, having a transformer which has at least one primary winding which can be connected to a DC voltage in series with a controlled switch, with at least one secondary winding which is connected downstream of a rectifier. and with a control circuit for the at least one controlled switch.
  • Switching converters of this type have become known in a large number of embodiments, be it as flyback converters or flow converters. They are used to power electrical and electronic devices. For this, reference can be made, for example, to Hirschmann / Hauenstein, “Switching Power Supplies”, Verlag Siemens 1990; Thiel, “Professional Switching Power Supply Applications”, Franzis Verlag 1996 or Klingenstein, “Switching Power Supplies in Practice”, Vogel specialist book 1988.
  • the control circuits are described in the Usually implemented largely in IC components, which are produced in large quantities and are commercially available.
  • the DC input voltage is often a so-called DC link voltage, which is obtained by rectifying a mains voltage.
  • the intermediate circuit voltage if one does not use a step-down transformer on the input side, could also be very high, e.g. B. over 500 volts but also 1600 volts. At such high voltages, however, problems arise regarding the dielectric strength of the input (electrolytic) capacitors on the one hand and of the controlled switches, which are mostly switching transistors.
  • a switching converter of the type mentioned at the outset in which at least two primary windings are provided and each primary winding is connected to an input capacitor via at least one controlled switch, the input capacitors and the series circuits of the primary windings being connected in series with the controlled switches the input DC voltage and the control circuit is set up to open or close all controlled switches at the same time.
  • switching converters are created which can work on high input or intermediate circuit voltages, but the costs remain within acceptable ranges, since only a single transformer is required.
  • each primary winding is connected in series with a controlled switch at each winding end, these series circuits in turn are connected in series to the input DC voltage and are bridged by an input capacitor each.
  • each primary winding has a center tap and each input capacitor consists of two partial capacitors connected in series, the center tap of each winding being connected to the connection point of the assigned partial capacitors.
  • the input voltage assigned to each primary winding can be divided up again, so that capacitors with low dielectric strength can be used.
  • the switching converter is designed as a forward converter, it is expedient if the transformer has a demagnetization winding which is connected to the DC input voltage via a blocking diode.
  • control circuit be set up to control the controlled switches while maintaining a duty cycle that is less than 0.5.
  • control circuit has a pulse width modulator which switches the primary winding of a control transformer to an auxiliary direct voltage via a driver switch, the transformer having a number of secondary windings corresponding to the selection of the controlled switches, the number of which Output voltages are used to control the controlled switches.
  • FIG. 1 shows a simplified circuit diagram of a first embodiment of a switching converter designed as a forward converter according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 in a basic circuit diagram and with the control circuit omitted, a second embodiment of the invention, likewise designed as a flow converter, and
  • FIG. 3 shows a control circuit, which is particularly suitable for switching converters according to the invention, in a basic circuit diagram.
  • a switching converter according to the invention has a transformer Tr with four primary windings L1, L2, L3, L4, a secondary winding L5 and a demagnetization winding L a .
  • Each primary winding Ll ... L4 is in series with a controlled switch Tl ... T4 on an input capacitor Cl ... C4, with all these capacitors connected in series to one DC input voltage U E can be laid.
  • the individual series circuits L1-T1, ..., L4-T4 of the primary windings with the switches assigned to them are also connected in series to the DC input voltage U E.
  • the secondary winding L5 is followed by a rectifier Dl with a secondary inductor L6 and an output capacitor C5.
  • the output DC voltage U A of the converter is connected to the latter.
  • a free-wheeling diode D2 leads from ground to the connection point of the rectifier diode Dl with the secondary choke L6.
  • a control circuit AST is used which differs from conventional control circuits only in that in the invention two or more, here four, switches Tl ... T4 are controlled so that they open or close at the same time.
  • the control circuit can be supplied with a corresponding actual signal, as shown here in FIG. B.
  • the output voltage U A - A possible control circuit is explained in more detail below.
  • the above-mentioned demagnetization winding is connected to (primary) ground on the one hand and to the DC input voltage U E via a diode D3 on the other hand.
  • it is used in a known manner to demagnetize the transformer core.
  • the invention can also be implemented as a flyback converter.
  • the secondary choke L6 could be omitted in FIG. 1, likewise the demagnetization winding L_, and the secondary winding L5 would be polarized in opposite directions. In this way, the energy stored in the core is no longer discharged back into the input capacitors C1 ... C4, but rather into the output capacitor C5 or a load LAS.
  • the capacitors are also automatically balanced, ie the input voltage U E is divided equally between the capacitors, here a quarter each. This cascading makes it possible to use switching transistors with lower dielectric strength even when the input DC voltage U E is high.
  • the input capacitors Cl - C4 which then z. B. even with an input voltage of 1200 volts, for example, only have to be dimensioned for 300 volts each, so that electrolytic capacitors can be used without problems.
  • FIG. 2 is also designed as a flux converter and has two primary windings Wl, W2 with center taps ml, m2, with each half-winding Wl 1, W12, W21, W22 a capacitor Cl 1, C12, C21, C22 is assigned.
  • These capacitors which are also referred to here as partial capacitors, are connected in series to the DC input voltage U E.
  • the circuit according to FIG. 2 is also conceivable without center tap, in which case a capacitor C1 ' would be provided instead of the partial capacitors C1, C12 and a capacitor C2' instead of the partial capacitors C21, C22, as shown in brackets in FIG. 2.
  • a controlled switch TU, T12 or T21, T22 connects to each end of the primary windings W1 or W2, and the series circuits T11-W1-T12, T21-W2-T22 are in turn connected in series to the input DC voltage U E.
  • demagnetization diodes DU ... D22 are provided, with one diode, e.g. B. DU or Dl 2, the series connection of the respective primary winding, for. B. Wl, with one of their controlled switches, for. B. TU or T12 bridged.
  • one diode e.g. B. DU or Dl 2
  • the series connection of the respective primary winding for. B. Wl
  • one of their controlled switches for. B. TU or T12 bridged.
  • FIG. 2 corresponds to that according to FIG. 1, but all concepts known to the person skilled in the art can be used here, in particular also a plurality of secondary windings, in order to obtain galvanically isolated, different output voltages.
  • control circuit 2 is a control circuit, such as. B. the below described in connection with Fig. 3, set up to control all four switches TU ... T 22, z. B. field effect transistors to open or close at the same time.
  • a current flow through the diodes Dl 1, D 12 or D21, D22 into the capacitors Cll, C12 or C21, C22 is ensured, so that - as mentioned above - a demagnetization winding is not necessary.
  • the primary inductors are demagnetized to the same voltage with which they were magnetized.
  • the pulse duty factor of the control pulse is expediently chosen to be less than 0.5 from this size.
  • the dielectric strength of the switching transistors does not have to depend exclusively on the level of the input voltage - here divided - but - because of the switch-off voltages - also on the duty cycle and the ratio of the primary to the secondary inductors.
  • the dielectric strength of the switching transistors should be 800 volts, whereas the operating voltage of the capacitors only has to be 400 volts.
  • the reverse voltage of the reflux or demagnetizing diodes DU ... D22 does not have to be higher than 800 - 1000 volts.
  • FIG. 3 shows a control circuit AST which can be used to control the four switches Tl 1 - T22 in FIG. 2.
  • the core of the control circuit is a known pulse width modulator PWM, which is commercially available in many variants and which is fed by an auxiliary voltage U H.
  • the latter can be obtained, for example, by means of an additional winding of the transformer and a rectifier including smoothing agents.
  • the pulse width modulator is supplied with the output voltage U A , a voltage proportional to it and / or an actual current value.
  • the pulse width modulator PWM drives a driver transistor M1, which is connected in series with a primary winding L p of a drive transformer Tr to the auxiliary direct voltage U H.
  • the series connection of a Zener diode DZ with a diode D a is parallel to the primary winding, which means that demagnetization can take place via the Zener diode when it is switched off.
  • the control transformer T a which is used for the electrical isolation of the switching transistors TU - T22, which are at different potentials, from the pulse width modulator PWM, has the required number of secondary windings Lsl ... Ls4, here four.
  • the switching signal is led via a diode Dsl and a resistor Rsl l to the gate of the first switching transistor TU and via a base resistor Rs21 to the base of a transistor Tsl. If the control signal is positive, the input capacitance of the controlled field effect transistor TU is charged via the diode Dsl and the resistor Rsl l.
  • the transistor Tsl Since the demagnetization is slower than the magnetization, the transistor Tsl becomes conductive when the driver transistor Ml is switched off, and the charge of the input capacitance of the field effect transistor TU can be discharged via the collector resistor Rs31 of the transistor Tsl.
  • the shading of the further secondary windings of the drive transformer T a of which only the first and the fourth are shown, are identical, and their function is identical and simultaneous.

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un convertisseur de commutation qui permet de transformer une tension continue d'entrée (UE) en une tension continue de sortie (UA). Ledit convertisseur est pourvu d'au moins deux enroulements primaires (L1... L4; W1, W2) d'un transformateur (Tr) et chaque enroulement primaire est relié à un condensateur d'entrée (C1... C4; C11 + C12; C21 + C22), par l'intermédiaire d'au moins un commutateur commandé (T1... T4; T11... T22). Lesdits condensateurs d'entrée, tout comme les montages en série des enroulements primaires, sont reliés à la tension continue d'entrée (UE), connectés en série aux commutateurs commandés. Un circuit de commande (AST) est conçu de façon à ouvrir ou à fermer tous les commutateurs commandés en même temps.
EP01942860A 2000-06-16 2001-06-12 Convertisseur de commutation Withdrawn EP1290777A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT10522000 2000-06-16
AT10522000 2000-06-16
PCT/AT2001/000194 WO2001097368A2 (fr) 2000-06-16 2001-06-12 Convertisseur de commutation

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1290777A2 true EP1290777A2 (fr) 2003-03-12

Family

ID=3684682

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01942860A Withdrawn EP1290777A2 (fr) 2000-06-16 2001-06-12 Convertisseur de commutation

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20040022080A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1290777A2 (fr)
CN (1) CN1436394A (fr)
WO (1) WO2001097368A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT412684B (de) * 2003-03-04 2005-05-25 Hans Dr Ertl Vorrichtung zur verlustarmen symmetrierung der kondensatorspannungen bei leistungselektronischen konvertern mit spannungszwischenkreis
WO2019082018A1 (fr) * 2017-10-27 2019-05-02 Silanna Asia Pte Ltd Convertisseur à transfert direct à diviseur de tension fusionnée
CN108390579A (zh) * 2018-03-12 2018-08-10 山东超越数控电子股份有限公司 一种自适应宽压输入ac/dc电源系统及其工作方法

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2819676A1 (de) * 1978-05-05 1979-12-20 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Schalt-netzteil fuer hohe eingangsspannungen
GB2152770B (en) * 1983-11-15 1987-04-29 Yokogawa Hokushin Electric Dc/dc converter
US5365421A (en) * 1992-12-14 1994-11-15 Texas Instruments Incorporated Pulse transformer having plural simultaneously operable primary windings and a single secondary winding
US6069798A (en) * 1999-01-14 2000-05-30 Lucent Technologies Inc. Asymmetrical power converter and method of operation thereof

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO0197368A2 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2001097368A3 (fr) 2002-06-20
CN1436394A (zh) 2003-08-13
WO2001097368A2 (fr) 2001-12-20
US20040022080A1 (en) 2004-02-05

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