EP1290425A1 - Methode et dispositif de detection de la corrosion induite microbiologiquement - Google Patents
Methode et dispositif de detection de la corrosion induite microbiologiquementInfo
- Publication number
- EP1290425A1 EP1290425A1 EP01929732A EP01929732A EP1290425A1 EP 1290425 A1 EP1290425 A1 EP 1290425A1 EP 01929732 A EP01929732 A EP 01929732A EP 01929732 A EP01929732 A EP 01929732A EP 1290425 A1 EP1290425 A1 EP 1290425A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- electrodes
- corrosion
- current
- sensor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 12
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 8
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012737 fresh medium Substances 0.000 description 5
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005518 electrochemistry Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000142759 Desulfovibrio gabonensis Species 0.000 description 2
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003466 anti-cipated effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001448 ferrous ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ferrous sulfide Chemical group [Fe]=S MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lactate Chemical compound CC(O)C([O-])=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920005372 Plexiglas® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000004099 anaerobic respiration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037358 bacterial metabolism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012613 in situ experiment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002503 metabolic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002906 microbiologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N17/00—Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion, or to light
- G01N17/02—Electrochemical measuring systems for weathering, corrosion or corrosion-protection measurement
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for detecting microbiologically induced corrosion (ICM) in industrial installations, for example in the field of offshore structures: platforms, subsea pipes, wells, etc. Other areas may also be interested, such as nuclear power, port structures, geothermal installations, agro-food among others.
- ICM microbiologically induced corrosion
- the bacteria currently used belong to the Desulfovibrio gabonensis species (DSM 10636).
- DSM 10636 Desulfovibrio gabonensis species
- the present invention relates to a method for detecting microbiologically induced corrosion of a metal structure, in which the following steps are carried out:
- a sensor comprising at least a first circular electrode and a ring electrode concentric with the first electrode, in the vicinity of said structure in contact with a corrosive medium,
- a conditioning current is imposed for a time t between the two electrodes so as to initiate corrosion, the current being such that the central electrode is cathode and the ring electrode is anode,
- the two electrodes are coupled and the current and / or the potential difference between the two electrodes is measured
- the sensor can include an auxiliary electrode in the form of a ring inserted between the two other electrodes, the auxiliary electrode can be connected to the first central electrode during the conditioning step, then can be isolated from the other electrodes during the coupling step.
- a waiting phase can be carried out in which all the electrodes are isolated when the corrosion rate is below a determined threshold.
- the invention also relates to a sensor for detecting microbiologically induced corrosion of a metal structure.
- the sensor comprises a first circular electrode, a second ring electrode concentric with the first electrode, means for applying a current between the two electrodes, means for measuring the current and / or the potential difference between the two. electrodes.
- Electronic control means can make it possible to carry out successively a conditioning phase where a current is applied between the two electrodes, the first electrode being cathode, the second being anode, then a measurement phase where the two electrodes are short-circuited.
- An auxiliary ring electrode may be disposed between the first and second electrodes.
- Connection means can be used to connect the auxiliary electrode to the first electrode during the conditioning phase, and to isolate it from the other electrodes during the coupling phase.
- All of the electronic means can be autonomous (32) and are intended to apply the conditioning steps and to communicate the measurements.
- the material of the electrodes must be chosen according to the type of material of said metallic structure.
- FIG. 1 represents an example of a polarization curve
- Figures 2a and 2b show a sensor according to the invention
- Figure 3 illustrates the experimental means
- - Figures 4 and 5 show the sensor connections for the conditioning and coupling phases
- FIG. 6 shows a graph of the measurements recorded during conditioning and coupling;
- FIG. 7 schematically shows an example of application of the present invention.
- electrochemistry The main purpose of electrochemistry is to locate and initiate microbiologically induced corrosion on the surface of a metal electrode. We recall below some notions of electrochemistry.
- Corrosion corresponds to a predominantly anodic behavior and, in the configuration according to the present invention, two metal electrodes are used.
- Figure 2a shows a top view of a sensor and Figure 2b a section of the sensor along a plane of symmetry.
- the sensor is composed of two rings 2, 3 and a disc 4, all three metallic and concentric.
- the geometric dimensions are given in the non-limiting table below. As such, two geometries are currently used in the laboratory.
- Sensor 1
- the metal rings are made of carbon steel (Designation: API5L, grade 50D) and the whole is embedded in a matrix 5 of epoxy resin with cold hardening. The sensor is then machined to obtain a flat surface. Electric wires 6, 7, 8 are put in place before the resin is poured. They will then make it possible to impose or monitor the electrochemical constants relating to metal surfaces during an in-situ or laboratory experiment.
- auxiliary ring 3 The reason for the auxiliary ring 3 is that it can be used to prevent the risks of short circuit due to the deposition of iron sulfide FeS, and that it makes it possible not to impose too high a current density on the part. cathodic (small electrode 4).
- the metallic material of the electrodes can be adapted to the metallic material of the structure whose corrosion must be monitored, in order to optimize the correlations between the information given by the sensor and the actual corrosion on the structure. It is possible that the material of the structure is used to make the electrodes of the sensor.
- the cathodic current density on the electrodes is between 0.5 and 5 ⁇ A / mm 2 and very preferably between 0.5 and 2 ⁇ A / mm 2 .
- the auxiliary electrode is generally connected to the central electrode.
- the second stage of the experiment consists in short-circuiting two of the three electrodes.
- the electrode which has its lowest free potential will react during coupling as an anode, since we are located on the anode part of the I / E curve. On the other hand, for the electrode which had its highest free potential, its behavior is cathodic because during coupling, the cathodic part of the I / E curve is scanned.
- the corrosion rate is directly proportional to the corrosion current and inversely proportional to the corroded surface
- the main advantage is that the value of the corrosion current and the corrosion rate can be correlated. It is therefore necessary that the value of the area of the corroded surface is as close as possible to the value of the area of the surface of the electrode in question.
- Corroded area area of the corroded area in mm 2
- the initiation of corrosion takes place initially by electrochemical means (FIG. 2c) and the corrosion, whether uniform or localized, develops and is maintained by bacterial growth on the surface of the electrode.
- electrochemical means FIG. 2c
- the object of the invention which is, therefore, to initiate and locate corrosion on a metal surface.
- electrochemistry in the case where it is sought to develop and especially to quantify microbiologically induced corrosion, this corrosion must be initiated over a small area in order to have the best possible correlation between the circulating corrosion current and corrosion rate. It is therefore necessary that this small surface is polarized as being a cathode in the first stage of the experiment.
- the auxiliary electrode interposed between the disc 4 and the ring 2 is also advantageous for monitoring the state of the sensor during the coupling phase during which sulfide deposits can, in the long term, short-circuit the two electrodes. Indeed, by testing the potential of the auxiliary electrode, it can be checked whether the sulphide deposit has annihilated the sensor.
- the culture media are prepared in two different barrels in order to avoid the precipitation of certain salts.
- the media are prepared with demineralized water and the pH of the solutions are adjusted with hydrochloric acid. 4N.
- For the bacterial culture we use two barrels whose compositions are as follows.
- the pH of the solution is adjusted to 6.15 with 4N hydrochloric acid.
- the pH of the solution is adjusted to 7.40 with 4N hydrochloric acid.
- the medium leaving the reactor will be called bacterial medium (M.B.) because it contains bacteria, while the media described above will be called fresh medium (M.F.).
- the culture temperature is fixed at 37 ° C. and the pH of the solution at 7.4 by addition of 2N sulfuric acid.
- a rotation of 400 revolutions per minute is maintained inside the reactor to avoid the formation of a biofilm on the walls of the reactor and to homogenize the culture medium.
- the electrochemical cell (9) of FIG. 3 comprises the corrosion sensor (10), an inlet pipe (12), an outlet pipe (13), and a reference electrode (14).
- the cell (9) is installed in an oven thermostatically controlled at 37.4 ° C.
- the corrosion sensor is polished with 180 and then 1200 sandpaper, degreased with acetone and washed with alcohol.
- Preconditioning stage The experience is done in three stages: Preconditioning stage:
- the plexiglass cell ( Figure 3) in which the corrosion sensor (10) is placed is supplied with bacterial medium.
- the central electrode (4) and the intermediate electrode (3) are both connected to one of the terminals of the galvanostat (11), the large electrode (2) being connected to the other terminal.
- the sensor is thus polarized with a current of 70 ⁇ A by the galvanostat (11) so that the small electrode (4) (and the auxiliary electrode (3) which is associated with it) is cathode and that the large electrode (2 ) or anode.
- the minimum duration of this stage is approximately two days. It is preferably between 2 and 30 days and very preferably between 2 and 5 days.
- current-voltage curves are plotted and electrochemical constants (potentials of the different metal surfaces) are recorded. Feeding stage in fresh environment:
- This step is to promote bacterial growth on the surface of the sensor. It is done by disconnecting the supply in a bacterial medium and by connecting a supply in a fresh medium. Always impose 70 ⁇ A of current. During this time, the electrochemical constants are recorded and the bacterial growth is detected by a jump in potential of the cathodically polarized electrode. This potential jump is a function of the preconditioning current. For preconditioning current density values greater than 0.5 ⁇ A / mm 2 , no jump in potential is detected. On the other hand, for a preconditioning current density of the order of 0.21 ⁇ A / mm 2 , the jump is observed within 24 hours following the supply in fresh medium.
- this step is carried out by short-circuiting the small electrode (4) and the large electrode (2), the intermediate electrode (3) then being disconnected.
- This short circuit is made using a ZRA ("Zero Resistance
- the resulting product is black, which is found well in the observation of the sensor surface.
- the difference in potentials between the two polarized parts is approximately 675 mV.
- this difference drops and reaches a value of approximately 600 mV.
- the coupling step is carried out.
- the corrosion current recorded has a value of 30 ⁇ A, then drops very quickly until reaching a value between 10 and 25 ⁇ A (which represents a corrosion rate of approximately 6 mm / year).
- the change in electrochemical behavior of the preconditioned electrodes is observed: the large polarized anode electrode becomes a cathode during coupling and the small polarized cathode electrode becomes anode during coupling, which meets the corrosion measurement criteria considered.
- Figure 6 shows the results consisting of a statement of the electrochemical parameters which are recorded during a complete biocorrosion experiment.
- the abscissa T is graduated in days, the ordinate ddp (potential difference) in volts, Vcor (corrosion rate) in millimeters per year.
- the graph 20 represents the preconditioning stage, from 5 to 7 days the portion of graph 21 represents the feeding stage in fresh medium, and from 7 days until the end, the coupling step is represented by curve 22.
- the senor according to the invention implemented with the method described, makes it possible to detect corrosion due to the presence of bacteria.
- the corrosion speed signal is canceled very quickly (in less than two days).
- This system is capable of detecting and preventing any risk of damage by corrosion of metal structures on industrial sites.
- This first test makes it possible to verify that the direction of the corrosion current is opposite to that of the preconditioning.
- This test corresponds to the invention where the small electrode is anode during coupling.
- FIG. 7 shows a structure 30, for example a tubular element constituting the base of an offshore platform.
- a sensor 31 according to the invention is arranged on the tube (metal parts exposed to the outside) and is connected to autonomous electronic means 32 intended to apply the conditioning steps and to communicate the measurements.
- Another application of the present sensor consists in placing the latter in a pipeline of the “pipeline” type, so that the metal parts of the sensor are exposed inside the pipeline.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Testing Resistance To Weather, Investigating Materials By Mechanical Methods (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0006114A FR2808881B1 (fr) | 2000-05-11 | 2000-05-11 | Methode et dispositif de detection de la corrosion induite microbiologiquement |
| FR0006114 | 2000-05-11 | ||
| PCT/FR2001/001299 WO2001086256A1 (fr) | 2000-05-11 | 2001-04-26 | Methode et dispositif de detection de la corrosion induite microbiologiquement |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1290425A1 true EP1290425A1 (fr) | 2003-03-12 |
Family
ID=8850187
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP01929732A Withdrawn EP1290425A1 (fr) | 2000-05-11 | 2001-04-26 | Methode et dispositif de detection de la corrosion induite microbiologiquement |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6960288B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP1290425A1 (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU2001256428A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2808881B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2001086256A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2862757B1 (fr) * | 2003-11-24 | 2006-04-14 | Cfg Services | Procede et equipement de detection et de mesure de la corrosion induite par des micro-organismes |
| US20060006137A1 (en) * | 2004-02-03 | 2006-01-12 | Niblock Trevor G E | Micro-fabricated sensor |
| US6960720B2 (en) * | 2004-03-19 | 2005-11-01 | Shuttle Inc. | Lift-type positioning structure for bracket of computer interface card |
| WO2007047392A2 (fr) * | 2005-10-12 | 2007-04-26 | Southwest Research Institute | Capteur a reseau plan multi-electrode de detection de corrosion electrochimique localisee |
| US7822273B1 (en) | 2007-05-16 | 2010-10-26 | Gianni Arcaini | Method and apparatus for automatic corrosion detection via video capture |
| US20140048424A1 (en) * | 2011-04-27 | 2014-02-20 | Ohio University | Methods and devices for the detection of biofilms |
| US9732369B2 (en) * | 2015-07-27 | 2017-08-15 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Method for selective treatment of microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) of metal surfaces |
| US11933758B2 (en) * | 2015-08-14 | 2024-03-19 | Scott R. Burge | Methods and systems for monitoring microbial activity and communication in an environment |
| US10113990B2 (en) * | 2015-08-14 | 2018-10-30 | Scott R. Burge | Microbial sensor system for the assessment of subsurface environments |
| US11360018B2 (en) | 2018-11-30 | 2022-06-14 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | Corrosion testing apparatuses and associated methods |
| CN113008776B (zh) * | 2019-12-19 | 2023-07-25 | 新疆金风科技股份有限公司 | 用于环形间隙的电偶腐蚀检测探头及腐蚀检测系统 |
| CN112697687B (zh) * | 2020-12-10 | 2022-11-22 | 广东艾斯瑞仪器科技有限公司 | 测试试验箱 |
| US12098996B2 (en) | 2021-05-27 | 2024-09-24 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Apparatus for in-situ monitoring of general corrosion and localized microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) |
| CN115901592B (zh) * | 2022-11-25 | 2026-03-20 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | 一种管道微生物腐蚀在线监测系统 |
| WO2025047867A1 (fr) * | 2023-08-30 | 2025-03-06 | 福井県 | Procédé et dispositif de détection de composant sulfuré, et dispositif et procédé de détermination de quantité de micro-organismes |
| JP7539072B1 (ja) | 2023-08-30 | 2024-08-23 | 福井県 | 硫黄成分検出方法 |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5259944A (en) * | 1990-05-18 | 1993-11-09 | Geotecnia Y Cimientos, S.A.-Geocisa | Corrosion detecting probes for use with a corrosion-rate meter for electrochemically determining the corrosion rate of reinforced concrete structures |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4752360A (en) * | 1985-06-03 | 1988-06-21 | Cities Service Oil And Gas Corporation | Corrosion probe and method for measuring corrosion rates |
| SE456191B (sv) * | 1986-02-19 | 1988-09-12 | Kurt Gosta Lange | Forfarande och anordning for automatisk overvakning av elektrokemiskt korrosionsskydd vid en i vatten befintlig stalkonstruktion |
| GB8611518D0 (en) * | 1986-05-12 | 1986-06-18 | Manchester Inst Science Tech | Corrosion monitoring |
| US4863572A (en) * | 1986-08-29 | 1989-09-05 | Cities Service Oil And Gas Corporation | Corrosion probe and method for measuring corrosion rates |
| US4789434A (en) * | 1987-10-09 | 1988-12-06 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Method and apparatus for measuring corrosion current induced by microbiological activities |
| US5246560A (en) * | 1991-10-04 | 1993-09-21 | Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. | Apparatus for monitoring biofilm activity |
-
2000
- 2000-05-11 FR FR0006114A patent/FR2808881B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-04-26 EP EP01929732A patent/EP1290425A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-04-26 US US10/258,861 patent/US6960288B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-04-26 WO PCT/FR2001/001299 patent/WO2001086256A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2001-04-26 AU AU2001256428A patent/AU2001256428A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5259944A (en) * | 1990-05-18 | 1993-11-09 | Geotecnia Y Cimientos, S.A.-Geocisa | Corrosion detecting probes for use with a corrosion-rate meter for electrochemically determining the corrosion rate of reinforced concrete structures |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See also references of WO0186256A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2001256428A1 (en) | 2001-11-20 |
| US6960288B2 (en) | 2005-11-01 |
| US20030085136A1 (en) | 2003-05-08 |
| FR2808881A1 (fr) | 2001-11-16 |
| WO2001086256A1 (fr) | 2001-11-15 |
| FR2808881B1 (fr) | 2002-09-06 |
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