EP1287235B1 - Casing assembly for the turbine of an exhaust turbocharger - Google Patents

Casing assembly for the turbine of an exhaust turbocharger Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1287235B1
EP1287235B1 EP01941987A EP01941987A EP1287235B1 EP 1287235 B1 EP1287235 B1 EP 1287235B1 EP 01941987 A EP01941987 A EP 01941987A EP 01941987 A EP01941987 A EP 01941987A EP 1287235 B1 EP1287235 B1 EP 1287235B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
casing
sheet metal
turbine
casing assembly
spiral
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP01941987A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1287235A1 (en
Inventor
Ruediger Allmang
Hartmut Claus
Volker Simon
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BorgWarner Inc
Original Assignee
BorgWarner Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BorgWarner Inc filed Critical BorgWarner Inc
Publication of EP1287235A1 publication Critical patent/EP1287235A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1287235B1 publication Critical patent/EP1287235B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/08Cooling; Heating; Heat-insulation
    • F01D25/14Casings modified therefor
    • F01D25/145Thermally insulated casings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D9/00Stators
    • F01D9/02Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles
    • F01D9/026Scrolls for radial machines or engines
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00Application
    • F05D2220/40Application in turbochargers

Definitions

  • the invention concerns a casing assembly for the turbine of an exhaust turbocharger.
  • the invention especially concerns the spiral casing of the turbine.
  • Exhaust turbochargers are a must in modern vehicles.
  • the most important components include a turbine and a compressor. These two components are located on one and the same shaft.
  • the exhaust of the internal combustion engine is conducted to the turbine.
  • the exhaust powers the turbine.
  • the turbine in turn powers the compressor. This takes in air from the environment and compresses it.
  • the compressed air is then used for combustion in the engine.
  • the purpose of exhaust turbochargers is to minimize the exhaust emissions as well as to increase the efficiency of the engine and its torque. They also have an important function in regards to the efficiency of the catalytic converter.
  • GB 1 263 932 discloses a turbo supercharger comprising a body part in which is journalled a rotary shaft. At one end of the shaft there is mounted the rotor of a radial flow air compressor having a casing which defines an air inlet and a flow passage which terminates in a tangential outlet. In use, the outlet is connected to the air inlet manifold of an associated engine.
  • a turbine rotor At the other end of the shaft is mounted a turbine rotor and secured to the body part is a turbine casing to which is secured an outlet adaptor which defines an outlet.
  • the adaptor In use, the adaptor is connected to an exhaust pipe of the associated engine installation.
  • the turbine casing defines a pair of passages which extend from an inlet and the passages act to guide exhaust gases onto the turbine wheel. In use, the exhaust gases drive the turbine rotor and this in turn drives the compressor rotor to supply air to the engine.
  • the turbine casing comprises a pair of outer casing portions and a dividing portion.
  • Each of the portions is formed from thin sheet metal as a pressing and the three portions are welded together to form the casing.
  • the resulting casing is very stiff and is able to withstand high temperature because the material from which it is formed is comparatively thin and can be formed from a material better able to withstand high temperature than the materials previously used which have had to be capable of being cast in a complex mould.
  • One of the casing portions is the portion of the casing which together with the dividing portion defines the passage.
  • This casing portion is of generally annular form and defines a channel which initially is straight and of substantially constant cross section but which then extends about the axis of rotation of the turbine rotor and gradually reduces in section.
  • the outer and inner peripheral edges are not in the same plane.
  • an exhaust turbocharger It should fulfil the mentioned functions regarding the exhaust emission, the efficiency level and torque of the engine in the most optimal manner possible. In doing so, it should have minimal weight and minimal construction volume.
  • the design should be simple and easy to assemble, so that manufacturing costs are held to minimal levels. It should be compatible with catalytic converters.
  • the known exhaust turbochargers do not fill all these functions, or only to a certain point. That is, lowering pollutant emissions during the cold start phase leaves much to be desired, and weight and space demands are unreasonably high.
  • the task of the invention is to design a casing assembly of the type mentioned in such a manner so that improvements in the parameters mentioned are significant. This task is accomplished by the characteristics of Claim 1.
  • the spiral casing in order to do this, is made of a relatively thin sheet metal wall which conducts the exhaust flow away. This greatly reduces the weight of the casing assembly.
  • the sheet metal wall only has minimal heat accumulation capacity due to the minimal mass. This means that it accepts only little heat energy from the exhaust, and therefore only removes little heat from the exhaust during the cold start phase.
  • the sheet metal wall is surrounded by insulation. This means that the heat remains in the exhaust. Therefore, the exhaust flow reaches the catalytic converter in a very hot condition right from the first starting of the engine. This is an important prerequisite for its smooth operation, so that the emissions already are minimized during the start phase.
  • the insulation also keeps the outer shell of the affected components relatively cool. This is an important advantage, since the turbocharger can be thus be arranged along with other heat sensitive components, for example with heat sensitive cables. The re-radiation towards the body is also minimized so that the exterior paint remains unharmed. It is understood that the low wall thickness of the sheet metal wall also contributes to the decreased weight.
  • the sheet covering can be substantially thinner than the sheet metal wall. Yet it provides an excellent heat barrier, since passage from one medium to another - here air to the sheet covering - creates a heat transfer barrier.
  • outlet connection to conduct away the exhaust, after it has flowed through turbine and therefore performed its task.
  • the outlet connection is connected to the casing of the turbine. It has an extension. This is designed and arranged in such a manner that it covers the highly thermally stressed tongue area of the turbine casing. In doing so, the extension in the tongue area is adapted to or conforms to both casing parts. It can welded to these.
  • the sheet covering also fulfills a further function: It increases the rigidity of the entire design. This can lead to further minimizing the sheet metal wall which is contacted by the gas flow.
  • the exhaust turbocharger shown in Fig. 1 includes a turbine 1 as the most important component, a compressor 2 as well as a bearing 3.
  • the turbine 1 has turbine wheel 1.1 and the compressor has a compressor wheel 2.1. Both wheels are set on a common shaft 4.
  • the shaft 4 is supported by bearing 3.
  • the essential feature of the illustrated view is the turbine casing 1.
  • it is manufactured from sheet steel. It is usually a spiral casing. It is built from two main parts, namely from an inner component 1.2 and an outer component 1.3. The separation joint 1.4 between these two parts runs along the apex line of the spiral casing 1. There, a welded seam is made.
  • the wall thickness of both casing parts amount to 1.0 mm.
  • the sheet metal is highly heat resistant (T3 > than 1000° C).
  • the sheet metal wall is surrounded by an insulation which is located on the outer skin of the sheet metal, and due to its heat insulating properties, ensures that at this location, namely the outside of the insulation, only very much lowered temperatures exist, for example, temperatures which can still be touched by hand.
  • outlet connection 5 to conduct away the exhaust, after it has flowed through turbine 1 and therefore performed its task.
  • the outlet connection 5 is connected to the casing 1.2, 1.3 of the turbine 1. It has an extension 5.1. This is designed and arranged in such a manner that it covers the highly thermally stressed tongue area of the turbine casing 1.2, 1.3. See also Fig. 5. In doing so, the extension 5.1 in the tongue area is adapted to or conforms to both casing parts 1.2, 1.3. It can welded to these.
  • Figs. 3 to 5 show the sheet steel casing in different views.
  • the tongue area 1.5 can be seen. This area is especially highly thermally stressed.
  • Fig. 6 shows an especially important execution of the invention.
  • the sheet steel casing for this is again made of two parts 1.2, 1.3. Yet each of these two parts have double walls. The two walls are formed to create an air gap. The air gap allows especially good insulation.
  • the outlet connection 5 also has an extension 5.1 which covers the tongue area of the spiral casing.

Description

The invention concerns a casing assembly for the turbine of an exhaust turbocharger. The invention especially concerns the spiral casing of the turbine.
Exhaust turbochargers are a must in modern vehicles. The most important components include a turbine and a compressor. These two components are located on one and the same shaft. The exhaust of the internal combustion engine is conducted to the turbine. The exhaust powers the turbine. Then the turbine in turn powers the compressor. This takes in air from the environment and compresses it. The compressed air is then used for combustion in the engine. The purpose of exhaust turbochargers is to minimize the exhaust emissions as well as to increase the efficiency of the engine and its torque. They also have an important function in regards to the efficiency of the catalytic converter.
For example GB 1 263 932 discloses a turbo supercharger comprising a body part in which is journalled a rotary shaft. At one end of the shaft there is mounted the rotor of a radial flow air compressor having a casing which defines an air inlet and a flow passage which terminates in a tangential outlet. In use, the outlet is connected to the air inlet manifold of an associated engine.
At the other end of the shaft is mounted a turbine rotor and secured to the body part is a turbine casing to which is secured an outlet adaptor which defines an outlet. In use, the adaptor is connected to an exhaust pipe of the associated engine installation. The turbine casing defines a pair of passages which extend from an inlet and the passages act to guide exhaust gases onto the turbine wheel. In use, the exhaust gases drive the turbine rotor and this in turn drives the compressor rotor to supply air to the engine.
The turbine casing comprises a pair of outer casing portions and a dividing portion. Each of the portions is formed from thin sheet metal as a pressing and the three portions are welded together to form the casing. The resulting casing is very stiff and is able to withstand high temperature because the material from which it is formed is comparatively thin and can be formed from a material better able to withstand high temperature than the materials previously used which have had to be capable of being cast in a complex mould. One of the casing portions is the portion of the casing which together with the dividing portion defines the passage. This casing portion is of generally annular form and defines a channel which initially is straight and of substantially constant cross section but which then extends about the axis of rotation of the turbine rotor and gradually reduces in section. The outer and inner peripheral edges are not in the same plane.
The following requirements are generally demanded of an exhaust turbocharger: It should fulfil the mentioned functions regarding the exhaust emission, the efficiency level and torque of the engine in the most optimal manner possible. In doing so, it should have minimal weight and minimal construction volume. The design should be simple and easy to assemble, so that manufacturing costs are held to minimal levels. It should be compatible with catalytic converters.
The known exhaust turbochargers do not fill all these functions, or only to a certain point. That is, lowering pollutant emissions during the cold start phase leaves much to be desired, and weight and space demands are unreasonably high.
The task of the invention is to design a casing assembly of the type mentioned in such a manner so that improvements in the parameters mentioned are significant. This task is accomplished by the characteristics of Claim 1.
In order to do this, in the casing assembly, at least the spiral casing, is made of a relatively thin sheet metal wall which conducts the exhaust flow away. This greatly reduces the weight of the casing assembly. The sheet metal wall only has minimal heat accumulation capacity due to the minimal mass. This means that it accepts only little heat energy from the exhaust, and therefore only removes little heat from the exhaust during the cold start phase.
Based on the invention, the sheet metal wall is surrounded by insulation. This means that the heat remains in the exhaust. Therefore, the exhaust flow reaches the catalytic converter in a very hot condition right from the first starting of the engine. This is an important prerequisite for its smooth operation, so that the emissions already are minimized during the start phase.
The insulation also keeps the outer shell of the affected components relatively cool. This is an important advantage, since the turbocharger can be thus be arranged along with other heat sensitive components, for example with heat sensitive cables. The re-radiation towards the body is also minimized so that the exterior paint remains unharmed. It is understood that the low wall thickness of the sheet metal wall also contributes to the decreased weight.
It is especially convenient to manufacture the insulation from a sheet covering around the sheet metal wall. In doing so, an air gap should remain between the sheet metal wall and the sheet covering, creating an especially good insulation. The sheet covering can be substantially thinner than the sheet metal wall. Yet it provides an excellent heat barrier, since passage from one medium to another - here air to the sheet covering - creates a heat transfer barrier.
According to the invention in addition, there is an outlet connection to conduct away the exhaust, after it has flowed through turbine and therefore performed its task. The outlet connection is connected to the casing of the turbine. It has an extension. This is designed and arranged in such a manner that it covers the highly thermally stressed tongue area of the turbine casing. In doing so, the extension in the tongue area is adapted to or conforms to both casing parts. It can welded to these.
The sheet covering also fulfills a further function: It increases the rigidity of the entire design. This can lead to further minimizing the sheet metal wall which is contacted by the gas flow.
The invention is further explained in the drawing. The following details are represented:
Fig. 1
shows an exhaust turbocharger in axial section.
Fig. 2
shows a segment of Fig. 1 in the area of the turbine casing.
Fig. 3
is a view of the turbine casing, from above, onto the inlet supports.
Fig. 4
is a view from above on a half of the turbine casing, also viewed in axial direction.
Fig. 5
is a view of the other half of the turbine casing, also viewed in axial direction.
Fig. 6
shows an additional execution type of the invention.
The exhaust turbocharger shown in Fig. 1 includes a turbine 1 as the most important component, a compressor 2 as well as a bearing 3. The turbine 1 has turbine wheel 1.1 and the compressor has a compressor wheel 2.1. Both wheels are set on a common shaft 4. The shaft 4 is supported by bearing 3.
The essential feature of the illustrated view is the turbine casing 1. In the present case, it is manufactured from sheet steel. It is usually a spiral casing. It is built from two main parts, namely from an inner component 1.2 and an outer component 1.3. The separation joint 1.4 between these two parts runs along the apex line of the spiral casing 1. There, a welded seam is made.
The wall thickness of both casing parts amount to 1.0 mm. The sheet metal is highly heat resistant (T3 > than 1000° C).
The sheet metal wall is surrounded by an insulation which is located on the outer skin of the sheet metal, and due to its heat insulating properties, ensures that at this location, namely the outside of the insulation, only very much lowered temperatures exist, for example, temperatures which can still be touched by hand.
In addition, there is an outlet connection 5 to conduct away the exhaust, after it has flowed through turbine 1 and therefore performed its task. The outlet connection 5 is connected to the casing 1.2, 1.3 of the turbine 1. It has an extension 5.1. This is designed and arranged in such a manner that it covers the highly thermally stressed tongue area of the turbine casing 1.2, 1.3. See also Fig. 5. In doing so, the extension 5.1 in the tongue area is adapted to or conforms to both casing parts 1.2, 1.3. It can welded to these.
Figs. 3 to 5 show the sheet steel casing in different views. In Fig. 5, the tongue area 1.5 can be seen. This area is especially highly thermally stressed.
Fig. 6 shows an especially important execution of the invention. The sheet steel casing for this is again made of two parts 1.2, 1.3. Yet each of these two parts have double walls. The two walls are formed to create an air gap. The air gap allows especially good insulation. In this embodiment the outlet connection 5 also has an extension 5.1 which covers the tongue area of the spiral casing.

Claims (11)

  1. Casing assembly for the turbine (1) of an exhaust turbocharger comprising:
    a) a spiral casing (1.2, 1.3) adapted to surround the running wheel (1.1) of a turbine;
    b) a tongue-like wall part (1.5) in the inside of the spiral casing (1.2, 1.3);
    c) an inlet connection;
    d) an outlet connection (5);
    e) a flange to connect the spiral casing (1.2, 1.3) to a bearing casing;
    f) wherein at least the spiral casing (1.2, 1.3) is formed from an exhaust flow conducting a sheet metal;
    g) wherein the thickness of the sheet metal is between 0.2 and 2 mm; and
    h) wherein the sheet metal is surrounded by insulation;
    characterized in that,
    i) the outlet connection (5) has an extension (5.1) which covers the tongue area (1.5) of the spiral casing (1.2, 1.3).
  2. Casing assembly as in claim 1, characterized in that the spiral casing (1.2, 1.3) is divided along a separation joint (1.4).
  3. Casing assembly as in claim 2, characterized in that the separation joint (1.4) runs along the apex line of the spiral casing (1.2, 1.3).
  4. Casing assembly as in claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the insulation is made of a fluid, hardenable mass.
  5. Casing assembly as in claim 4, characterized in that the insulation is applied by dipping in a bath of the mass, or by spraying the mass on the sheet metal.
  6. Casing assembly as in one of the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the insulation is covered by a covering sheet.
  7. Casing assembly as in claim 6, characterized in that the covering sheet is sheet metal having less thickness than the spiral casing (1.2, 1.3) sheet metal.
  8. Casing assembly as in claims 6 or 7, characterized in that an air gap is provided between the spiral casing (1.2, 1.3) sheet metal and the covering sheet.
  9. Casing assembly as in one of the claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the tongue (1.5) is covered by a covering.
  10. Casing assembly as in claim 9, characterized in that the covering is a sheet metal coating.
  11. Casing assembly as in claim 10, characterized in that the covering is formed as an extension (5.1) of the outlet connection (5).
EP01941987A 2000-06-07 2001-06-06 Casing assembly for the turbine of an exhaust turbocharger Expired - Lifetime EP1287235B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10028160 2000-06-07
DE10028160A DE10028160C2 (en) 2000-06-07 2000-06-07 Housing group for the turbine of an exhaust gas turbocharger
PCT/US2001/018273 WO2001094754A1 (en) 2000-06-07 2001-06-06 Casing assembly for the turbine of an exhaust turbocharger

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1287235A1 EP1287235A1 (en) 2003-03-05
EP1287235B1 true EP1287235B1 (en) 2005-08-03

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Family Applications (1)

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EP01941987A Expired - Lifetime EP1287235B1 (en) 2000-06-07 2001-06-06 Casing assembly for the turbine of an exhaust turbocharger

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1287235B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2003536009A (en)
DE (2) DE10028160C2 (en)
WO (1) WO2001094754A1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102008058156A1 (en) 2008-11-20 2010-06-02 Bosch Mahle Turbo Systems Gmbh & Co. Kg Housing for exhaust gas turbocharger of internal-combustion engine of motor vehicle, has insert arranged in lining and comprising flow-guiding internal contour, where lining and insert are arranged in turbine section
DE102013226665A1 (en) 2013-12-19 2015-06-25 Bosch Mahle Turbo Systems Gmbh & Co. Kg Turbine housing for an exhaust gas turbocharger
DE102014209666A1 (en) 2013-12-19 2015-06-25 Bosch Mahle Turbo Systems Gmbh & Co. Kg Turbine housing for an exhaust gas turbocharger
US20160076555A1 (en) * 2014-09-12 2016-03-17 Caterpillar Inc. Remanufactured Center Housing and Method

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DE60112439T2 (en) 2006-03-30
WO2001094754A1 (en) 2001-12-13
DE10028160C2 (en) 2003-03-27
DE60112439D1 (en) 2005-09-08
JP2003536009A (en) 2003-12-02
DE10028160A1 (en) 2001-12-20
EP1287235A1 (en) 2003-03-05

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