EP1286727B1 - Method and device for the early detection of fire and for fighting fire indoors and outdoors, especially in living areas, of homes and buildings - Google Patents

Method and device for the early detection of fire and for fighting fire indoors and outdoors, especially in living areas, of homes and buildings Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1286727B1
EP1286727B1 EP01929222A EP01929222A EP1286727B1 EP 1286727 B1 EP1286727 B1 EP 1286727B1 EP 01929222 A EP01929222 A EP 01929222A EP 01929222 A EP01929222 A EP 01929222A EP 1286727 B1 EP1286727 B1 EP 1286727B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
extinguishing agent
fire
control
actuators
sensors
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EP01929222A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1286727A2 (en
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Torsten Clauss
Andreas Schmidt
Wassili Janden
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Clauss Torsten Dipl-Ing
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CLAUSS TORSTEN DIPL ING
Clauss Torsten Dipl-Ing
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C37/00—Control of fire-fighting equipment
    • A62C37/36—Control of fire-fighting equipment an actuating signal being generated by a sensor separate from an outlet device
    • A62C37/38—Control of fire-fighting equipment an actuating signal being generated by a sensor separate from an outlet device by both sensor and actuator, e.g. valve, being in the danger zone
    • A62C37/40—Control of fire-fighting equipment an actuating signal being generated by a sensor separate from an outlet device by both sensor and actuator, e.g. valve, being in the danger zone with electric connection between sensor and actuator

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for early detection and control of fire in the interior and exterior, in particular residential, of houses or buildings, in which a central programmable house control block with an intelligent bus system, sensors and actuators lighting, heating, air conditioning, windows, blinds, Burglar alarm, alarm device controls, regulates and monitors, and at the same time sensors detect the direct and indirect fire characteristics (fire-triggering conditions) in the living and recreation rooms or outdoor areas, which are monitored by a separate control, - and control block, when exceeded a target value, an extinguishing agent supply system for the output of an extinguishing agent activated, with the determined temporal and / or spatial changes of the fire-triggering conditions before the outbreak of a fire, the domestic drainage, supply and disposal processes are controlled.
  • a central programmable house control block with an intelligent bus system, sensors and actuators lighting, heating, air conditioning, windows, blinds, Burglar alarm, alarm device controls, regulates and monitors, and at the same time sensors detect the direct and indirect fire characteristics (fire-triggering conditions
  • the invention further relates to an apparatus for performing the aforementioned method with a centrally programmable home control block connected intelligent bus system, sensors and actuators for the control, regulation and monitoring of lighting, heating, air conditioning, windows, blinds, burglar alarm, alarm device and the like.
  • a central control and control block for controlling an extinguishing agent supply system for supplying Extinguishing agent, sensors for detecting direct and indirect fire characteristics in the individual living and recreation rooms or outdoor areas and extinguishing agent for discharging the extinguishing agent.
  • From the DE 31 23 279 A1 is a method for the early detection of a fire before the outbreak of an open fire with the help of resulting in the fire gas components is known in which the gas-influenced electrical resistance of at least one of the gas component to be measured adsorbing semiconductor, in particular metal oxide semiconductor, measured and the signal obtained for the Fire alarm is used.
  • the change with time of the electrical resistance of the metal-oxide semiconductor is measured continuously.
  • at least one metal oxide container must be arranged in a housing with high thermal inertia and kept at a constant temperature.
  • the obtained signal magnitude which corresponds to the variations in the carbon monoxide concentration content, is used after comparison with a limit value for triggering a fire alarm.
  • the DE 35 46 297 A1 discloses an apparatus for monitoring fire extinguishing conditions for an automatic fire extinguishing device which detects flames due to fire and sprays a fire extinguishing agent for extinguishing the flames from a nozzle. This known
  • the device provides a detector for detecting the flames and generating an alarm signal, a flicker detection device for detecting a change in the flicker of the flames and a determining device which detects that the fire extinguishing agent impinges on the flames and this combats, if one of the Flacker selectedung corresponding, of the Flacker selectedungs detection device emitted signal after spraying the fire extinguishing agent is no longer obtained.
  • the WO 97/47203 A describes a building management system with a control block and a bus system.
  • an alarm is triggered.
  • extinguishing agent water is applied unmixed or in homogeneous or heterogeneous mixtures by spatially distributed single-substance and / or extinguishing agent ejection devices.
  • the fire history with regard to its energetic, material and spatial development as well as its interaction with the extinguishing agent is constantly detected by sensors. According to the determined development of fire and the deletion process, there is a locally determined selection of the spatially distributed extinguishing agent ejection devices to be opened respectively for the application of extinguishing agent.
  • the decisive disadvantage of this known solution is that the opened in case of fire extinguishing agent ejection devices, usually sprinklers or nozzles, only in a position to deploy a previously set to the case of fire amount or concentration of the extinguishing agent.
  • the known solution can therefore not sufficiently selective and variable adapt the extinguishing agent use to the dynamic fire history.
  • a finely divided mist of extinguishing agent is needed where fire-triggering conditions exist.
  • the present invention seeks to improve a method and an apparatus of the type mentioned, the extinguishing agent in Depending on the development and course of fire while minimizing water consumption, the reduction of water damage in case of fire and the increase in efficiency by implementing a system that can be modularly integrated into the security concept of a building variable and selectively deploy with high efficiency.
  • the solution according to the invention makes it possible to detect fire-inducing conditions at an early stage, to deliberately suppress the formation of smoke and also to create fires, to protect areas not affected by the fire and to keep escape and rescue routes open.
  • the invention is characterized in that it is easy to integrate into the security concept of a building, house or the like.
  • Houses with a central function control in the form of an installation bus can be easily equipped with the system according to the invention, in which the control, control and regulation block of the invention is connected to the control block of the building services and the existing installation bus for data exchange with the fire-triggering conditions detecting sensors is used.
  • Existing lines can serve as a conduit network for the supply of Löschschschtechnikaktuaren for spatially selective deployment of the extinguishing agent in case of danger.
  • variable discharge of the extinguishing agent makes it possible to save a considerable amount of water and to reduce water damage.
  • a fine spray of extinguishing agent is initially set with the inventive method, the amount, intensity and concentration is variable over time and spatially selectively adjusted depending on the detected changes the course of the fire-triggering conditions.
  • the signal generator may be in such a case, for example, a smoke or odor detector. If the further course requires a coarser spray jet, a further sensor, for example a heat detector, generates a signal which selectively and variably regulates the extinguishing agent actuators.
  • the water consumption is significantly reduced and at the same time the water damage associated with the uncontrolled discharge of the extinguishing agent during the fire sustainably reduced.
  • the fire extinguishing systems can be better adapted to the dynamics of fire development and course.
  • the solution according to the invention has the advantage that the device is simple in construction and modular in an existing security concept of a building can be fitted.
  • the device according to the invention is how Fig. 1 shown integrated into a detached house 1 with a house control block 2 with installation bus 3 .
  • the device according to the invention consists essentially of a control, control and regulating block 4 , which is housed in a separate technical room of the house. In this room is also home control block 2 for the control and monitoring of lighting, heating, air conditioning, windows, blinds, burglar alarm and alarm. Unrepresented sensors and actuators are in communication with the installation bus 3 .
  • a series of sensors 5 for separately detecting the temperature history, the smoke concentration, the gas concentration, the smell and the room image, which are electrically connected to an extinguishing agent actuator 6 , respectively.
  • Each extinguishing agent actuator 6 is assigned a separate sensor or triggering element 7 .
  • Extinguishing actuators 6 are in this example nozzles for Spraying the extinguishing agent, which spread out the extinguishing agent on the output quantity, particle size and distribution.
  • the extinguishing agent actuators 6 in each room communicate with an extinguishing agent line 8 , which leads to an extinguishing agent supply system 9 which is connected to an extinguishing agent container 10 .
  • the extinguishing agent container 10 contains the extinguishing agent, which is supplied here from a drinking water supply line 11 .
  • lines 12 and 13 are further involved, leading to the water tank of the heater 14 and the solar water tank 15 .
  • Each sensor 5 of each room communicates via a control line 16 with the control, control and regulating block 4 , which in turn communicates interactively with the house control block 2 .
  • the supply of electrical energy takes over the control cabinet 18 , which is connected to the in-house power supply.
  • the control, control and regulation block 4 receives from the sensors 5 constantly information about the temporal and spatial course of the individual parameters such as temperature, smoke concentration, gas concentration, odor and image representation (see Fig. 2 ).
  • the target states of the individual measured variables are stored in a digitized manner for each of the monitored rooms, which correspond to the standard state of a safe situation.
  • the processor constantly compares the obtained measured values with the standard state, evaluates the current situation with regard to a risk incurred and, if the standard state is exceeded, additionally inquires about a further sensor 17 in order to rule out a false alarm.
  • the sensor 17 may be, for example, a flicker sensor, which makes it possible allowed to distinguish controlled flame from an unauthorized uncontrolled flame.
  • the control, control and regulatory block 4 controls the extinguishing agent supply system 9 and the extinguishing agent actuators 6 .
  • the extinguishing agent supply system 9 separates all other possible consumers from the drinking water supply line 11 and binds other existing sources of extinguishing agent, such as the water tank of the heater 14 and the solar water tank 15 in the extinguishing agent supply system 9 . After consumption of the extinguishing agent from these containers carried by the separator 19, a connection of the drinking water supply line 11 to the extinguishing agent supply system.
  • the extinguishing agent actuator 6 ensures the gradual release of the extinguishing agent in adaptation to the occurred hazardous situation.
  • the extinguishing agent actuator 6 initially emits a fine spray on the detected area, so that the fire-triggering conditions can be controlled in a targeted manner with little use of water.
  • either the extinguishing agent is ejected by the extinguishing agent actuator 6 in a further stage as a full spray or interrupted the further ejection of extinguishing agent, because there is no longer a dangerous situation.
  • Fig. 3 shows a further variant of the device according to the invention, the gas, preferably inert gas, used as extinguishing agent.
  • the extinguishing agent is in a separate container 10, which feeds the gas via the extinguishing agent supply system 9 in the line network.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
  • Fire Alarms (AREA)
  • Alarm Systems (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and device for the early detection of fire and for fighting fire indoors and outdoors, especially in living areas, of homes and buildings. According to the invention, a central freely programmable domestic control block comprising an intelligent bus system, sensors, and actuators controls, regulates and monitors the domestic technical system and, at the same time, sensors detect the direct and indirect fire characteristics, which are monitored by a separate check, control and regulating block that activates an extinguishing agent supply system when a set value has been exceeded. The aim of the invention is to improve a method and device of the aforementioned type such that the extinguishing agent is variably and selectively discharged with a high degree of efficacy by the provision of a system which can be modularly integrated in the security design of a building. The extinguishing agent is variably and selectively discharged according to the origin and progression of the fire while simultaneously minimizing the water consumption, decreasing the damage caused by water in the case of a fire, and increasing the economic efficiency. To this end, the invention provides that the check, control and regulating block interactively communicates with the control block of the domestic technical system, and that an extinguishing agent supply system is actuated which integrates all available extinguishing agent sources of a house and initiates the discharge of extinguishing agent with a variable quantity and distribution according to the origin and progression of the fire.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Früherkennen und Bekämpfen von Feuer im Innen- und Außenbereich, insbesondere Wohnbereich, von Häusern oder Gebäuden, bei dem ein zentraler freiprogrammierbarer Haussteuerblock mit einem intelligenten Bussystem, Sensoren und Aktoren die Beleuchtung, Heizung, Klimatisierung, Fenster, Jalousien, Einbruchssicherung, Alarmeinrichtung steuert, regelt und überwacht, und bei dem zugleich Sensoren die direkten und indirekten Brandkenngrößen (feuerauslösende Bedingungen) in den Wohn- und Aufenthaltsräumen oder Außenbereichen detektieren, welche von einem separaten Kontroll,- Steuer- und Regelblock überwacht werden, der bei Überschreiten eines Sollwertes ein Löschmittelversorgungssystem zur Ausgabe eines Löschmittels aktiviert, wobei mit den festgestellten zeitlichen und/oder räumlichen Veränderungen der feuerauslösenden Bedingungen vor Ausbruch eines Feuers die häuslichen Ablauf-, Versorgungs- und Entsorgungsprozesse gesteuert werden.The invention relates to a method for early detection and control of fire in the interior and exterior, in particular residential, of houses or buildings, in which a central programmable house control block with an intelligent bus system, sensors and actuators lighting, heating, air conditioning, windows, blinds, Burglar alarm, alarm device controls, regulates and monitors, and at the same time sensors detect the direct and indirect fire characteristics (fire-triggering conditions) in the living and recreation rooms or outdoor areas, which are monitored by a separate control, - and control block, when exceeded a target value, an extinguishing agent supply system for the output of an extinguishing agent activated, with the determined temporal and / or spatial changes of the fire-triggering conditions before the outbreak of a fire, the domestic drainage, supply and disposal processes are controlled.

Die Erfindung betrifft ferner eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des vorhergenannten Verfahrens mit einem an einem zentralen freiprogrammierbaren Haussteuerblock angeschlossenen intelligenten Bussystem, Sensoren und Aktoren für die Steuerung, Regelung und Überwachung der Beleuchtung, Heizung, Klimatisierung, Fenster, Jalousien, Einbruchssicherung, Alarmeinrichtung u.dgl., einem zentralen Kontroll-, Steuer- und Regelblock zum Ansteuern eines Löschmittelversorgungssystemes für das Zuführen von Löschmittel, Sensoren zum Erfassen direkter und indirekter Brandkenngrößen in den einzelnen Wohn- und Aufenthaltsräumen oder Außenbereichen und Löschmittelaktoren zum Ausbringen des Löschmittels.The invention further relates to an apparatus for performing the aforementioned method with a centrally programmable home control block connected intelligent bus system, sensors and actuators for the control, regulation and monitoring of lighting, heating, air conditioning, windows, blinds, burglar alarm, alarm device and the like., A central control and control block for controlling an extinguishing agent supply system for supplying Extinguishing agent, sensors for detecting direct and indirect fire characteristics in the individual living and recreation rooms or outdoor areas and extinguishing agent for discharging the extinguishing agent.

Aus der DE 31 23 279 A1 ist ein Verfahren zur Früherkennung eines Brandes vor Ausbruch eines offenen Feuers mit Hilfe der beim Brand entstehenden Gaskomponenten bekannt, bei welchem der durch das Gas beeinflusste elektrische Widerstand mindestens eines die zu messende Gaskomponente adsorbierenden Halbleiters, insbesondere Metalloxidhalbleiters, gemessen und das dabei erhaltene Signal für die Brandmeldung verwendet wird. Es wird die zeitliche Änderung des elektrischen Widerstandes des Metalloxidhalbleiters kontinuierlich gemessen. Bei dieser bekannten Lösung muss mindestens ein Metalloxidbehälter in einem Gehäuse mit großer Wärmeträgheit angeordnet und auf konstanter Temperatur gehalten werden. Die erhaltene Signalgröße, die den Schwankungen des Kohlenmonoxid-Konzentrationsgehaltes entspricht, wird nach einem Vergleich mit einem Grenzwert zur Auslösung eines Brandmelders benutzt.From the DE 31 23 279 A1 is a method for the early detection of a fire before the outbreak of an open fire with the help of resulting in the fire gas components is known in which the gas-influenced electrical resistance of at least one of the gas component to be measured adsorbing semiconductor, in particular metal oxide semiconductor, measured and the signal obtained for the Fire alarm is used. The change with time of the electrical resistance of the metal-oxide semiconductor is measured continuously. In this known solution, at least one metal oxide container must be arranged in a housing with high thermal inertia and kept at a constant temperature. The obtained signal magnitude, which corresponds to the variations in the carbon monoxide concentration content, is used after comparison with a limit value for triggering a fire alarm.

Die DE 35 46 297 A1 offenbart eine Einrichtung zur Überwachung der Feuerlöschbedingungen für eine automatische Feuerlöschvorrichtung, welche auf ein Feuer zurückzuführende Flammen erkennt und ein Feuerlöschmittel zum Löschen der Flammen aus einer Düse versprüht. Diese bekannteThe DE 35 46 297 A1 discloses an apparatus for monitoring fire extinguishing conditions for an automatic fire extinguishing device which detects flames due to fire and sprays a fire extinguishing agent for extinguishing the flames from a nozzle. This known

Einrichtung sieht einen Detektor zum Erkennen der Flammen und zur Erzeugung eines Alarmsignales, eine Flackererkennungseinrichtung zum Erkennen einer Änderung des Flackerns der Flammen und eine Bestimmungseinrichtung, welche erkennt, dass das Feuerlöschmittel auf die Flammen auftrifft und diese bekämpft, wenn ein der Flackeränderung entsprechendes, von der Flackeränderungs-Erkennungseinrichtung ausgesandtes Signal nach dem Versprühen des Feuerlöschmittels nicht mehr erhalten wird.The device provides a detector for detecting the flames and generating an alarm signal, a flicker detection device for detecting a change in the flicker of the flames and a determining device which detects that the fire extinguishing agent impinges on the flames and this combats, if one of the Flackeränderung corresponding, of the Flackeränderungs detection device emitted signal after spraying the fire extinguishing agent is no longer obtained.

Andere bekannte Lösungen ( DE 33 90 038 C2 , DE 34 33 459 A1 , DE 197 40 922 A1 , DE 197 41 853 A1 , DE 198 09 896 A1 ) verwenden zur Früherkennung von Feuer bzw. Bränden optische Rauchmelder, Temperaturmelder, Infrarotstrahlungsempfänger, optische Sender und Empfänger.Other known solutions ( DE 33 90 038 C2 . DE 34 33 459 A1 . DE 197 40 922 A1 . DE 197 41 853 A1 . DE 198 09 896 A1 ) use optical smoke detectors, temperature detectors, infrared radiation receivers, optical transmitters and receivers for the early detection of fire or fires.

Allen diesen bekannten Lösungen ist der Nachteil gemeinsam, dass zwar eine frühzeitige Detektion brandauslösender Bedingungen erfolgt, jedoch ein diesen detektierten Bedingungen entsprechende selektives und zugleich variables Ausbringen des Löschmittels nicht vorgenommen wird.All these known solutions have the disadvantage in common that, although an early detection of fire-triggering conditions takes place, a selective and at the same time variable discharge of the extinguishing agent corresponding to these detected conditions is not undertaken.

Dies führt im Brandfall regelmäßig zu einem hohen Wasserverbrauch durch die stationäre Löschanlage mit allen damit einhergehenden Nachteilen einer Überdimensionierung der Pumpen, Rohrleitungen und Behälter für Löschmittel in der Anlage. Ein weiterer nicht unerheblicher Nachteil dieses Standes der Technik besteht darin, dass der durch das ausgebrachte Wasser angerichtete Schaden bis zur vollständigen Unbrauchbarkeit des zu schützenden Objektes führen kann.In case of fire, this regularly leads to a high water consumption through the stationary extinguishing system with all the associated disadvantages of oversizing the pumps, piping and containers for extinguishing agent in the system. Another not inconsiderable disadvantage of this prior art is that the damage caused by the discharged water can lead to the complete uselessness of the object to be protected.

Bekannt ist aus der DE 196 27 353 A1 auch ein Verfahren zum Früherkennen
und Bekämpfen von Feuer im Innenbereich von Häusern oder Gebäuden bei dem Einzelsensoren die direkten und indirekten Brandkenngrössen (feuerauslosenden Bedingungen) in den Wohn-und Aufenthaltsräumen detektieren, welche von einem separaten Kontroll-, Steuer- und Regelblock überwacht werden, der bei Überschreiten eines Sollwertes ein Loschmittelversorgungssystem aktiviert, wobei mit den festgestellten zeitlichen und/oder räumlichen Veränderungen der feuerauslösenden Bedingungen die häuslichen Ablaufprozesse durch folgende Schritte gesteuert werden:

  1. a) einzelnes oder zeitgleiches Überwachen und Kontrollieren der zeitlichen und/oder räumlichen Veränderungen durch eine Rauch-, Temperatur-, Gas-, Geruchs- oder Bilddetektion;
  2. b) Feststellen der Abweichungen vom Sollwert durch den Kontroll-, Steuer- und Regelblock;
  3. c) Abfragen mindestens eines zusätzlichen Sensors durch den Kontroll-, Steuer- und Regelblock zur Selektion einer erlaubten kontrollierten Flamme von einer unerlaubten unkontrollierten Flamme, sofern die im Schritt b) festgestellten Abweichungen den Sollwert überschreiten;
  4. d) Ansteuern des Loschmittelversorgungssystems in Abhängigkeit der Veränderung der feuerauslösenden Bedingungen zum variablen Freigeben des Löschmittels nach Menge und Verteilung, solange bis gemäß Schritt b) keine Abweichungen vom Sollwert mehr festgestellt werden.
Is known from the DE 196 27 353 A1 also a procedure for early recognition
and controlling indoor fire of houses or buildings in which individual sensors detect the direct and indirect fire parameters (fire-proof conditions) in the living rooms and lounges, which are monitored by a separate control and control block, when a setpoint is exceeded Loschmittelversorgungssystem activated, with the determined temporal and / or spatial changes of fire-triggering conditions, the domestic processes are controlled by the following steps:
  1. a) individual or simultaneous monitoring and control of temporal and / or spatial changes by smoke, temperature, gas, odor or image detection;
  2. b) determining the deviations from the setpoint by the control, control and regulating block;
  3. c) interrogating at least one additional sensor by the control, control and regulation block to select an allowed controlled flame from an unauthorized uncontrolled flame if the deviations detected in step b) exceed the setpoint;
  4. d) controlling the Loschmittelversorgungssystems depending on the change in the fire-triggering conditions for variable release of the extinguishing agent according to quantity and distribution, as long as according to step b) no deviations from the setpoint value can be determined.

Die WO 97/47203 A beschreibt ein Gebäudemanagementssystem mit einem Steuerblock und einem Bussystem. Bei Feuer wird ein Alarm ausgelöst. Als Löschmittel wird Wasser ungemischt oder in homogenen oder heterogenen Mischungen durch räumlich verteilte Einstoff- und/oder Löschmittelauswurfeinrichtungen ausgebracht. Nach dem automatischen Auslösen der Löschanlage wird im Brandfall während des gesamten Löschvorganges der Brandverlauf hinsichtlich seiner energetischen, stofflichen und räumlichen Entwicklung sowie seiner Wechselwirkung mit dem Löschmittel durch Sensoren ständig erfasst. Entsprechend der dabei ermittelten Brandentwicklung und dem Löschverlauf erfolgt eine örtlich bestimmte Auswahl der jeweils zur Ausbringung von Löschmittel zu öffnenden, räumlich verteilten Löschmittelauswurfeinrichtungen.The WO 97/47203 A describes a building management system with a control block and a bus system. In case of fire, an alarm is triggered. As extinguishing agent, water is applied unmixed or in homogeneous or heterogeneous mixtures by spatially distributed single-substance and / or extinguishing agent ejection devices. After the automatic triggering of the extinguishing system in the event of fire during the entire extinguishing process, the fire history with regard to its energetic, material and spatial development as well as its interaction with the extinguishing agent is constantly detected by sensors. According to the determined development of fire and the deletion process, there is a locally determined selection of the spatially distributed extinguishing agent ejection devices to be opened respectively for the application of extinguishing agent.

Der entscheidende Nachteil dieser bekannten Lösung besteht darin, dass die im Brandfall geöffneten Löschmittelauswurfeinrichtungen, üblicherweise Sprinkler oder Düsen, nur in der Lage sind, eine zuvor auf den Brandfall festgelegte Menge bzw. Konzentration des Löschmittels auszubringen. Die bekannte Lösung kann deshalb nicht ausreichend selektiv und variabel den Löschmitteleinsatz an den dynamischen Brandverlauf anpassen. Insbesondere in der Entstehungsphase eines Feuers wird regelmäßig nur ein feinverteilter Nebel an Löschmittel dort benötigt, wo feuerauslösende Bedingungen vorliegen. Diese werden mit der bekannten Lösung nicht detektiert. Dem entsprechend sind die ausgebrachten Mengen an Löschmittel immer auf den Brandfall ausgelegt und damit verhältnismäßig hoch und die Folgeschäden groß.The decisive disadvantage of this known solution is that the opened in case of fire extinguishing agent ejection devices, usually sprinklers or nozzles, only in a position to deploy a previously set to the case of fire amount or concentration of the extinguishing agent. The known solution can therefore not sufficiently selective and variable adapt the extinguishing agent use to the dynamic fire history. In particular, in the formation phase of a fire regularly only a finely divided mist of extinguishing agent is needed where fire-triggering conditions exist. These are not detected with the known solution. Accordingly, the applied amounts of extinguishing agent are always designed for the fire and thus relatively high and the consequential damage.

Bei diesem Stand der Technik liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art derart zu verbessern, das Löschmittel in Abhängigkeit der Brandentstehung und -verlaufes bei gleichzeitiger Minimierung des Wasserverbrauches, der Herabsetzung von Wasserschäden im Brandfall und der Erhöhung der Wirtschaftlichkeit durch Realisierung eines baukastenartig in das Sicherheitskonzept eines Gebäudes integrierbaren Systems variabel und selektiv mit hoher Wirksamkeit auszubringen.In this prior art, the present invention seeks to improve a method and an apparatus of the type mentioned, the extinguishing agent in Depending on the development and course of fire while minimizing water consumption, the reduction of water damage in case of fire and the increase in efficiency by implementing a system that can be modularly integrated into the security concept of a building variable and selectively deploy with high efficiency.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein Verfahren der eingangs genannten Gattung mit den Merkmalen des Anspruches 1 und eine Vorrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Anspruches 8 gelöst.This object is achieved by a method of the type mentioned with the features of claim 1 and an apparatus having the features of claim 8.

Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Vorrichtung sind den Unteransprüchen entnehmbar.Advantageous embodiments of the device are the dependent claims.

Die erfindungsgemäße Lösung ermöglicht vor allem die Früherkennung brandauslösender Bedingungen, die gezielte Niederschlagung einer Rauchentwicklung und auch von Entstehungsbränden, den Schutz vom Brand nicht betroffener Bereiche und das Offenhalten von Flucht- und Rettungswegen. Die Erfindung zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass sie einfach in das Sicherheitskonzept eines Gebäudes, Hauses o. dgl. integrierbar ist. Häuser mit einer zentralen Funktionssteuerung in Form eines Installationsbus lassen sich problemlos mit der erfindungsgemäßen Anlage ausrüsten, in dem der Kontroll-, Steuer- und Regelblock der Erfindung an den Regelblock der Haustechnik angeschlossen wird und der bereits vorhandene Installationsbus für den Datenaustausch mit den die brandauslösenden Bedingungen detektierenden Sensoren genutzt wird. Vorhandene Leitungen können im Gefahrensfall als Leitungsnetz für die Versorgung der Löschmittelaktuaren zum räumlich selektiven Ausbringen des Löschmittels dienen.Above all, the solution according to the invention makes it possible to detect fire-inducing conditions at an early stage, to deliberately suppress the formation of smoke and also to create fires, to protect areas not affected by the fire and to keep escape and rescue routes open. The invention is characterized in that it is easy to integrate into the security concept of a building, house or the like. Houses with a central function control in the form of an installation bus can be easily equipped with the system according to the invention, in which the control, control and regulation block of the invention is connected to the control block of the building services and the existing installation bus for data exchange with the fire-triggering conditions detecting sensors is used. Existing lines can serve as a conduit network for the supply of Löschmittelaktuaren for spatially selective deployment of the extinguishing agent in case of danger.

Im Gegensatz zum bekannten Stand der Technik ermöglicht das variable Ausbringen des Löschmittels in Abhängigkeit der Brandentstehung und des Brandverlaufes eine erhebliche Wassereinsparung und Reduzierung von Wasserschäden.In contrast to the known state of the art, the variable discharge of the extinguishing agent, depending on the development of the fire and the course of the fire, makes it possible to save a considerable amount of water and to reduce water damage.

Je nach den vorliegenden Bedingungen wird mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren zunächst ein feiner Sprühnebel aus Löschmittel eingestellt, dessen Menge, Intensität und Konzentration zeitlich variabel und räumlich selektiv in Abhängigkeit der detektierten Änderungen dem Verlauf der brandauslösenden Bedingungen angepasst wird. Der Signalgeber kann in einem solchen Fall beispielsweise ein Rauch- oder Geruchsmelder sein. Erfordert der weitere Verlauf einen groberen Sprühstrahl, erzeugt ein weiterer Sensor, beispielsweise ein Wärmemelder, ein Signal, welches die Löschmittelaktoren selektiv und variabel nachregelt.Depending on the existing conditions, a fine spray of extinguishing agent is initially set with the inventive method, the amount, intensity and concentration is variable over time and spatially selectively adjusted depending on the detected changes the course of the fire-triggering conditions. The signal generator may be in such a case, for example, a smoke or odor detector. If the further course requires a coarser spray jet, a further sensor, for example a heat detector, generates a signal which selectively and variably regulates the extinguishing agent actuators.

Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung wird der Wasserverbrauch signifikant gesenkt und gleichzeitig auch die mit dem ungeregelten Austritt des Löschmittels während des Brandes einhergehenden Wasserschäden nachhaltig zu verringert. Die Feuerlöschanlagen können besser an die Dynamik der Brandentstehung und Verlaufes angepasst werden. Ferner hat die erfindungsgemäße Lösung den Vorteil, dass die Vorrichtung einfach im Aufbau ist und baukastenartig in ein vorhandenes Sicherheitskonzept eines Gebäudes einpassbar ist.With the solution according to the invention, the water consumption is significantly reduced and at the same time the water damage associated with the uncontrolled discharge of the extinguishing agent during the fire sustainably reduced. The fire extinguishing systems can be better adapted to the dynamics of fire development and course. Furthermore, the solution according to the invention has the advantage that the device is simple in construction and modular in an existing security concept of a building can be fitted.

Weitere Vorteile und Einzelheiten ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung unter Bezugnahme auf die beigefügten Zeichnungen.Further advantages and details will become apparent from the following description with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Die Erfindung soll nachstehend an einem Ausführungsbeispiel näher erläutert werden.The invention will be explained in more detail below using an exemplary embodiment.

Es zeigt:

Fig. 1
einen Schnitt durch ein mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung ausgerüsteten Einfamilienhaus mit Bustechnik, die Wasser als Löschmittel einsetzt,
Fig. 2
ein Schema des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens und
Fig. 3
eine Variante der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung, die Gas als Löschmittel einsetzt.
It shows:
Fig. 1
a section through a equipped with a device according to the invention single family house with bus technology that uses water as extinguishing agent,
Fig. 2
a schematic of the method according to the invention and
Fig. 3
a variant of the device according to the invention, which uses gas as the extinguishing agent.

Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung ist, wie Fig. 1 gezeigt, in ein Einfamilienhaus 1 mit einem Haussteuerblock 2 mit Installationsbus 3 integriert.
Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung besteht im wesentlichen aus einem Kontroll-, Steuer- und Regelblock 4, welcher in einem separaten Technikraum des Hauses untergebracht ist. In diesem Raum befindet sich auch Haussteuerblock 2 für die Steuerung und Überwachung der Beleuchtung, Heizung, Klimatisierung, Fenster, Jalousien, Einbruchssicherung und Alarmeinrichtung. Nichtdargestellte Sensoren und Aktoren stehen mit dem Installationsbus 3 im Datenaustausch. In jedem der Räume des Hauses sind eine Reihe von Sensoren 5 zum getrennten Erfassen des Temperaturverlaufes, der Rauchkonzentration, der Gaskonzentration, des Geruches und des Raumbildes installiert, die jeweils mit einem Löschmittelaktor 6 elektrisch verbunden sind. Jedem Löschmittelaktor 6 ist ein gesonderter Sensor bzw. Auslöseelement 7 zugeordnet. Löschmittelaktoren 6 sind in diesem Beispiel Düsen zum Versprühen des Löschmittels, die das Löschmittel nach Austrittsmenge, Teilchengröße und Verteilung variabel ausbringen. Die Löschmittelaktoren 6 in jedem Raum stehen mit einer Löschmittelleitung 8 in Verbindung, welche zu einem Löschmittelversorgungssystem 9 führt, das an einen Löschmittelbehälter 10 angeschlossen ist. Der Löschmittelbehälter 10 enthält das Löschmittel, das hier aus einer Trinkwasserversorgungsleitung 11 zugeführt wird.The device according to the invention is how Fig. 1 shown integrated into a detached house 1 with a house control block 2 with installation bus 3 .
The device according to the invention consists essentially of a control, control and regulating block 4 , which is housed in a separate technical room of the house. In this room is also home control block 2 for the control and monitoring of lighting, heating, air conditioning, windows, blinds, burglar alarm and alarm. Unrepresented sensors and actuators are in communication with the installation bus 3 . In each of the rooms of the house, there are installed a series of sensors 5 for separately detecting the temperature history, the smoke concentration, the gas concentration, the smell and the room image, which are electrically connected to an extinguishing agent actuator 6 , respectively. Each extinguishing agent actuator 6 is assigned a separate sensor or triggering element 7 . Extinguishing actuators 6 are in this example nozzles for Spraying the extinguishing agent, which spread out the extinguishing agent on the output quantity, particle size and distribution. The extinguishing agent actuators 6 in each room communicate with an extinguishing agent line 8 , which leads to an extinguishing agent supply system 9 which is connected to an extinguishing agent container 10 . The extinguishing agent container 10 contains the extinguishing agent, which is supplied here from a drinking water supply line 11 .

In das Löschmittelversorgungssystem 9 sind weiterhin Leitungen 12 und 13 eingebunden, die zum Wasserbehälter der Heizung 14 und zum Solarwasserbehälter 15 führen.In the extinguishing agent supply system 9 lines 12 and 13 are further involved, leading to the water tank of the heater 14 and the solar water tank 15 .

Jeder Sensor 5 eines jeden Raumes steht über eine Steuerleitung 16 mit dem Kontroll-, Steuer- und Regelblock 4 in Verbindung, der wiederum mit dem Haussteuerblock 2 interaktiv kommuniziert. Die Versorgung mit Elektroenergie übernimmt der Schaltschrank 18, welcher mit der hauseigenen Stromversorgung verbunden ist.Each sensor 5 of each room communicates via a control line 16 with the control, control and regulating block 4 , which in turn communicates interactively with the house control block 2 . The supply of electrical energy takes over the control cabinet 18 , which is connected to the in-house power supply.

Der Kontroll-, Steuer- und Regelblock 4 erhält von den Sensoren 5 ständig Informationen über den zeitlichen und räumlichen Verlauf der einzelnen Messgrößen wie Temperatur, Rauchkonzentration, Gaskonzentration, Geruch und Bilddarstellung (siehe Fig. 2).The control, control and regulation block 4 receives from the sensors 5 constantly information about the temporal and spatial course of the individual parameters such as temperature, smoke concentration, gas concentration, odor and image representation (see Fig. 2 ).

Im Mikroprozessor des Kontroll-, Steuer- und Regelblockes 4 sind für jeden der überwachten Räume die Sollzustände der einzelnen Messgrößen digitalisiert abgelegt, die dem Normzustand einer ungefährlichen Situation entsprechen. Der Prozessor vergleicht ständig die erhaltenen Messwerte mit dem Normzustand, bewertet die aktuelle Situation hinsichtlich eines entstandenen Risikos und fragt bei Überschreiten des Normzustandes zusätzlich einen weiteren Sensor 17 ab, um einen Fehlalarm auszuschließen. Der Sensor 17 kann beispielsweise ein Flackersensor sein, der es ermöglicht eine erlaubte, kontrollierte Flamme von einer unerlaubten unkontrollierten Flamme zu unterscheiden.In the microprocessor of the control and control block 4 , the target states of the individual measured variables are stored in a digitized manner for each of the monitored rooms, which correspond to the standard state of a safe situation. The processor constantly compares the obtained measured values with the standard state, evaluates the current situation with regard to a risk incurred and, if the standard state is exceeded, additionally inquires about a further sensor 17 in order to rule out a false alarm. The sensor 17 may be, for example, a flicker sensor, which makes it possible allowed to distinguish controlled flame from an unauthorized uncontrolled flame.

Wird die eingetretene Risikosituation bestätigt, meldet der Kontroll-, Steuer- und Regelblock 4 die eingetretene Gefahrensituation über den Installationsbus 3 dem Haussteuerblock 2, der seinerseits in Abhängigkeit der festgestellten Gefahrensituation alle technischen Vorgänge im Haus regelt und die Alarmierung der Bewohner, Feuerwehr, Rettungskräfte und Nachbarn veranlasst. Gleichzeitig steuert der Kontroll-, Steuer- und Regelblock 4 das Löschmittelversorgungssystem 9 und die Löschmittelaktoren 6 an. Das Löschmittelversorgungssystem 9 trennt alle anderen möglichen Verbraucher von der Trinkwasserversorgungsleitung 11 ab und bindet andere vorhandene Quellen von Löschmittel, beispielsweise den Wasserbehälter der Heizung 14 und den Solarwasserbehälter 15 in das Löschmittelversorgungssystem 9 ein. Nach Verbrauch der Löschmittel aus diesen Behältern erfolgt durch die Trenneinrichtung 19 eine Zuschaltung der Trinkwasserversorgungsleitung 11 zum Löschmittelversorgungssystem 9.If the risk situation has been confirmed, reports the control, control and regulatory block 4 the occurred danger situation on the installation bus 3 the house control block 2 , which in turn regulates all technical processes in the house depending on the identified hazard situation and alarming the residents, fire, rescue workers and Neighbors arranged. At the same time, the control, control and regulating block 4 controls the extinguishing agent supply system 9 and the extinguishing agent actuators 6 . The extinguishing agent supply system 9 separates all other possible consumers from the drinking water supply line 11 and binds other existing sources of extinguishing agent, such as the water tank of the heater 14 and the solar water tank 15 in the extinguishing agent supply system 9 . After consumption of the extinguishing agent from these containers carried by the separator 19, a connection of the drinking water supply line 11 to the extinguishing agent supply system. 9

Der Löschmittelaktor 6 gewährleistet die stufenweise Freigabe des Löschmittels in Anpassung an die eingetretene Gefahrensituation. In der detektierten Frühphase eines Brandes gibt der Löschmittelaktor 6 zunächst einen feinen Sprühnebel auf den detektierten Bereich aus, so dass die feuerauslösenden Bedingungen zielgerichtet bei geringem Wassereinsatz bekämpft werden können. Je nach Verlauf der weiteren Entwicklung der feuerauslösenden Bedingungen B wird entweder das Löschmittel durch den Löschmittelaktor 6 in einer weiteren Stufe als voller Sprühstrahl ausgeworfen oder der weitere Auswurf von Löschmittel unterbrochen, weil keine Gefahrensituation mehr vorliegt.The extinguishing agent actuator 6 ensures the gradual release of the extinguishing agent in adaptation to the occurred hazardous situation. In the detected early phase of a fire, the extinguishing agent actuator 6 initially emits a fine spray on the detected area, so that the fire-triggering conditions can be controlled in a targeted manner with little use of water. Depending on the course of the further development of the fire-triggering conditions B , either the extinguishing agent is ejected by the extinguishing agent actuator 6 in a further stage as a full spray or interrupted the further ejection of extinguishing agent, because there is no longer a dangerous situation.

Fig. 3 zeigt eine weitere Variante der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung, die Gas, vorzugsweise Inertgas, als Löschmittel einsetzt. In diesem Fall befindet sich das Löschmittel in einem separaten Behälter 10, der das Gas über das Löschmittelversorgungssystem 9 in das Leitungsnetz einspeist. Fig. 3 shows a further variant of the device according to the invention, the gas, preferably inert gas, used as extinguishing agent. In this case, the extinguishing agent is in a separate container 10, which feeds the gas via the extinguishing agent supply system 9 in the line network.

Aufstellung der verwendeten Bezugszeichen Einfamilienhaus 1 Haussteuerblock 2 Installationsbus 3 Kontroll-, Steuer- und Regelblock 4 Sensoren 5 Löschmittelaktoren 6 Auslöselemente/Signalgeber 7 Löschmittelleitung/Leitungsnetz 8 Löschmittelversorgungssystem 9 Löschmittelbehälter 10 Trinkwasserversorgungsleitung 11 Leitungen 12, 13 Heizung, Heizungssystem 14 Solarwasserbehälter 15 Steuerleitung 16 Sensor, Flackersensor 17 Elektroversorgung/Schrank 18 Trenneinrichtung 19 Feuerauslösende Bedingung B List of used reference numbers detached house 1 House control block 2 Installation Bus 3 Control, control and regulation block 4 sensors 5 Extinguishing agent actuators 6 Auslöselemente / signal transmitter 7 Extinguisher line / pipeline network 8th Extinguishing agent supply system 9 Extinguishing agent container 10 Drinking water supply line 11 cables 12, 13 Heating, heating system 14 Solar water tank 15 control line 16 Sensor, flicker sensor 17 Electricity supply / cabinet 18 separator 19 Fire triggering condition B

Claims (11)

  1. Method for early detection of fire and for fighting fire in the interiors and exteriors of homes or buildings in which a central control unit with an intelligent bus system, sensors and actuators controls, regulates and monitors the lighting, heating, air conditioning, windows, jalousies, intrusion protection and alarm devices, and in which individual sensors simultaneously detect the direct and indirect combustion characteristics (conditions caused by fire) in the dwelling and residence places, which are monitored by a separate check, control and regulating unit which, upon the overstepping of a set point value activates an extinguishing supply system to release an extinguishing agent whereby based upon detected changes in time and/or space of the fire-caused conditions, the domestic discharge, supply and removal processes are controlled by following steps:
    a) separate or simultaneous monitoring and controlling the change in time and/or space by a smoke detection, temperature detection, gas detection, scent detection or image detection;
    b) determining the deviation from a setpoint value with the check, control and regulating unit;
    c) interrogating with at least one additional senior through the check, control and regulating unit for destinction of a permissible controlled flame from an imperissible uncotrolled flame to the extent the deviation determined in step b) exceeds the setpoint value;
    d) interactive contol of the central control unit with the check, control and regulating unit for contolling lighting, heating, air conditioning, windows, jalousies, intrusion protection and alarm in dependence of the detected danger situation and triggering an alarm by the central control unit if the entered risk situation is confirmed;
    e) simultaneously and in parallel with step d) controlling the extinguishing agent supply system as a function of the change in conditions caused by the fire for variably relaasing the extinguishing agent in terms of quantity and distribution until, according to step b) there is no longer a deviation detected from the setpoint value.
  2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the extinguishing agent is water, preferebly drinking water, whereby other consumers in the interior of the house are separated by the extinguishing agent supply system and/or other sources provided for the extinguishing agent are connected thereto and in that the extinguishing agent is discharged separately, stepwise in a pulsatile or continuous operation in the early phase of fire development and as a finer spray mist and in dependence on further fire development as a coarser spray jet.
  3. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that initially the water from the household heating or another domestic source, for example water from solar apparatus, is used before the system is connected to public drinking water.
  4. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that as extinguishing agent, gas, foam, aerosol or powder from separate containers are used.
  5. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that ionization smoke alarms, optical smoke alarms, maximum heat alarms, heat-differential alarms, flame alarms, scent detectors or multifunctional detectors are used as sensors.
  6. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that to discriminate a permissible controlled flame from a impermissible uncontrolled flame, a flicker detector is used.
  7. Method according to claim 1 to 6, characterized in that the amount of distribution oft he extinguishing agent is freely controllable and selective as a function of the course of combustion.
  8. Device for carrying out the method according to claim 1 with a central freely programmable domestic control unit connected to an intelligent bus system, sensors and actuators for the control, regulation and monitoring of the lighting, heating, air conditioning, windows, jalousies, intrusion protection, alarm devices or the like, a central check, control and regulasting unit for interaction with the freely programmable domestic control unit and for controlling an extinguishing agent supply system for feeding extinguishing agent, sensors for the direct and indirect detection of fire indicators (conditions caused by fire) in the individual living and dwelling rooms and extinguishing agent actuators for delivering the extinguishing agent, characterized in that the check, control and regulating unit (4) is in interactive connection with the bus system (3) of the domestic control unit (2), the extinguishing agent supply system (9) and the extinguishing agent actuators (6) for data exchange, control and regulation, and that the check, control and regulating unit (4) is associated with a respective plurality of sensors (5, 7) for detecting the temperature, the smoke and gas concentrations, the scent, and images, and whereby the domestic control unit (2) controls the lighting, heating, airconditioning, windows, jalousies, intrusion protection and alarm triggering in dependence of the detected danger situation, and that the extinguishing agent actuators (6) are each associated with separately triggerable signal generators (7) for release of the extinguishing agent.
  9. Device according to claim 8, characterized in that the extinguishing agent supply system (9) is connected to a pipe work (8) with extinguishing agent actuators (6) which can be aconnected with the public drinking water supply line (11), the home heating system (14) and storage system (15) for alternative energy sources separately or together to make and close off the connections by a separating unit (19).
  10. Device accordsing to claim 8 and 9, characterized in that the extinguishing agent actuators (6) are nozzles for discharging a spray cone of extinguishing agent whose ratio of fine droplets and coarse droplets is controllable between a zero value and a maximum value.
  11. Device according to claim 8 and 9, characterized in that the extinguishing agent actuators (6) are spinklers for the separate discharge of fine droplet or coarse droplet spray cones.
EP01929222A 2000-03-08 2001-02-27 Method and device for the early detection of fire and for fighting fire indoors and outdoors, especially in living areas, of homes and buildings Expired - Lifetime EP1286727B1 (en)

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DE10012705 2000-03-08
DE10012705A DE10012705B4 (en) 2000-03-08 2000-03-08 Method and device for early detection and combat of fire in the interior and exterior, in particular residential, of houses and buildings
PCT/DE2001/000809 WO2001067411A2 (en) 2000-03-08 2001-02-27 Method and device for the early detection of fire and for fighting fire indoors and outdoors, especially in living areas, of homes and buildings

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EP1286727A2 EP1286727A2 (en) 2003-03-05
EP1286727B1 true EP1286727B1 (en) 2011-11-16

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EP (1) EP1286727B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE533535T1 (en)
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DE10012705A1 (en) 2001-10-11
WO2001067411A2 (en) 2001-09-13
US20030038718A1 (en) 2003-02-27
EP1286727A2 (en) 2003-03-05
DE10012705B4 (en) 2006-09-14
US6801132B2 (en) 2004-10-05
WO2001067411A3 (en) 2002-04-11
ATE533535T1 (en) 2011-12-15
AU2001256103A1 (en) 2001-09-17

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