EP1285736A1 - Verfahren zur Herstellung von Faserplatten - Google Patents
Verfahren zur Herstellung von Faserplatten Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1285736A1 EP1285736A1 EP02018804A EP02018804A EP1285736A1 EP 1285736 A1 EP1285736 A1 EP 1285736A1 EP 02018804 A EP02018804 A EP 02018804A EP 02018804 A EP02018804 A EP 02018804A EP 1285736 A1 EP1285736 A1 EP 1285736A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fiberboard
- chips
- dried
- chopped
- pressed
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
- B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
- B27N3/04—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres from fibres
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing fiberboard from palm fronds, in particular from date palm fronds according to claim 1 or Claim 2.
- a date palm consists of the root, a stem that is 30 in height m and can reach up to 40 living fronds.
- the fronds are in the uppermost part of the trunk as a crest.
- a frond consists of a central panicle (Stem, petiole) and 120 to 240 leaflets, the frond one Can reach a length of 6 m. The leaflets are smaller towards the trunk are eventually replaced by thorns.
- 10 - 20 fronds are produced annually in Sprout crowns new and at the same time just as many die from below, after they are between 3 - 7 years old. The fronds stay there preserved as dry leaves, but they are cultivated on the palms cut off. The fibrous frond bases remain on the trunk for life.
- the leaflets can be up to 40 cm long and 6 cm wide (Franke 1985).
- the thickness of the leaflets is about 0.4 mm. They are covered with a thick cuticle (wax layer), whereby about 10% of the leaf thickness consists of the epidermal cells with the cuticle.
- the sclerenchial bundles severe long fibers of high strength and density
- parenchymatic tissue short cells with low strength and density, incorrectly also called marrow.
- the fronds are well equipped for absorbing strong mechanical loads from the wind thanks to the numerous bundles of Sklerench symbols.
- the stem (stem) is very permeable in the axial direction because there are bundles of vessels in the stem.
- the vascular bundles consist of a centrally located sieve tube, parenchyma cells and surrounding sclerenchyma cells.
- the sieve tube has a very large diameter; water can flow into the inside of the stem through the sieve tube.
- the leaves have a light brown green color.
- the sheets are largely folded lengthways in the middle.
- the proportion of leaves on the frond fluctuates strongly in the range from 30% to 70% and averages 55%.
- the ash content of the cleaned stems from the area of the front tip is 5.% and that of the cleaned leaves 15%, whereby the ash content varies by ⁇ 1% depending on the frond (determination at 600 ° C in the muffle furnace).
- the high ash content compared to European wood is due to mineral deposits mostly from pebbles in special cells in the leaf, the so-called web mata cells.
- the invention is based on the object of a method for producing a Specify fiberboard from palm fronds, with the fiberboard comparable Should have properties like a panel made of softwood or hardwood.
- a method is specified according to claim 1, at who chopped up the palm fronds and sawn the wood chips in Stalk cutlet and pinnate leaf cutlet divided and the share of Leaflets are mostly excreted as fines, the stalk chips are then shredded, dried and in one Mixer with a suitable binder and / or glued in the blow line, the stem fiber binder mixture is then transferred to a scattering station and sprinkled a pressed material mat out of it, which was then in a continuous or intermittent heating press under pressure and Heat pressed into a fiberboard strand or a fiberboard and is cured.
- the solution to the problem according to a second method example is as follows Claim 2 specified, in which the palm fronds chopped and the wood chips divided into stems and leaflets by air sighting and the majority of the pinnate leaf shavings as fines is excreted, the stalk chips are then preheated, cooked, fiberized, dried and put in a mixer or in a blow line glued, the stem fiber binder mixture is then viewed and in if necessary transferred a spreading station, sprinkled a pressed material mat out of it, pre-pressed and then in a continuous or intermittent mode Heat press under pressure and heat to a fiberboard strand or one Fibreboard pressed and hardened
- the method according to claim 1 or claim 2 according to the invention makes it possible to industrially separate leaflets and stems in large quantities and to produce a fiberboard from the chopped stems, which has comparable properties to a plate made of softwood or hardwood.
- a separation of leaves and stems without crushing them beforehand is only possible by manually removing the leaves, which cannot be carried out for economic reasons. Therefore, the frond must be shredded before separating.
- a drum chipper or disc chipper has been found to be particularly suitable for this, which should have a sieve size of approximately 50 * 50 mm 2 .
- the chopping length of 15 - 30 mm results in wood chips that are well suited for shredding on the one hand and enable complete separation on the other.
- the chopped leaflets have a length that is usually slightly larger than the chop length, and a thickness of 0.4 mm.
- the Leaves are reduced in width by the chopping and are not more folded.
- the stalk chips are 1 to 12 mm thick and the length is roughly the same as the chop length. Since when screening preferably after Sieved length is a separation of leaf and stem by means of a Roller screen or another screen is not possible.
- the basis weight the leaves are significantly lower due to the very small thickness of the leaves than from the stems. Therefore it is possible by means of an air sighting separate chopped fronds into leaves and stems, with a degree of separation greater than 98% can be achieved.
- the leaves with the lesser Weight per unit area is entrained by the air while the heavier stems cannot be transported by air.
- the stored wood chips are then like in the further process conventional hardwood or softwood chips are processed. Perhaps can the wood chips from the sand or oversized wood chips can be cleaned by screening. There has been a problem with the processing of the fibers Mixer gluing proven because glue by means of mixer gluing can be saved and the plate has a very homogeneous cross section having. Fine and coarse fibers become in the mixer due to the cold stickiness of the adhesive put together, causing a later separation of fine and coarse fibers is prevented. By limiting the Spreading height is also the separation of fine and coarse fibers avoided.
- the chopped leaves can be composted or in special Incinerators can be used thermally.
- the leaflets have a high ash content of up to 20% and the stems only 5%.
- the high ash content leads to severe abrasion in the downstream machines, such as abrasion of the grinding disks in the refiner or in the pneumatic transport lines.
- the ash content in the board causes problems during processing, such as blunting tools and increasing the risk of fire during sawing and other machining operations.
- the disposal of the panels with a high ash content is problematic, since the panels can only be thermally recycled in special incinerators. If the leaves were used, they would have to be watered additionally. Watering would lead to high water consumption and higher energy costs in drying.
- the particles Before defibrating, the particles would have to be plasticized by heating them in a stove with steam. If the particles have a moisture content of less than 30%, the condensed water vapor from the particles is stored in the cell walls, which additionally leads to softening. Since the leaves are coated with a layer of wax, the water absorption and thus the softening takes a little longer than with the stem material, which leads to higher energy consumption and a higher dust content with a short dwell time in the cooker. If the leaves were used, they would have to be watered additionally. Watering would lead to high water consumption and higher energy costs in drying. With the same grinding wheel spacing, more short fibers or very fine fibers are produced during the defibering of leaves than during the defibering of stems. The very fine, short fibers not only negatively affect the properties of the board. The pressing time is also extended by fine, short fibers.
- the leaves have a darker color, which also makes the plate darker which is problematic for the use of the plate. Dark plates must be coated with papers with a higher basis weight. Farther the leaves reduce the mechanical properties of the plate (Transverse tensile strength, flexural strength and flexural modulus) and increase the Swell values of the plates. The reduction in mechanical properties is on the higher proportion of shorter fibers, as well as on cells in the fibers that only have a lower strength, to a lower pH and to attributed the wax layer on the leaves.
- the frond harvest period is usually 4 months in the year. To secure the supply of raw materials for the rest of the year the fronds or the shredded fronds must be stored. A Storage of a large amount of wood chips is easy on the Lumber yard possible in a high warehouse. Since the bulk density of the Stalk chips are higher than that of chopped leaves, the storage area of stems also less.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
- Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Fiederblätter besitzen einen hohen Aschegehalt von bis zu 20 % und die Stängel nur 5 %. Der hohe Aschegehalt führt zu einem starken Abrieb in den nachgeschalteten Maschinen, wie zum Beispiel zu einem Abrieb der Mahlscheiben in dem Refiner oder in den pneumatischen Transportleitungen. Weiterhin verursacht der Aschegehalt in der Platte Probleme bei der Verarbeitung wie zum Beispiel zur Werkzeugabstumpfung und Erhöhung der Brandgefahr beim Sägen und anderen spanenden Bearbeitungen. Weiterhin ist die Entsorgung der Platten bei einem hohem Aschegehalt problematisch, da die Platten nur in speziellen Verbrennungsöfen thermisch verwertet werden können. Falls die Blätter mit verwendet würden, müssten diese zusätzlich gewässert werden. Das Wässern würde zu einem hohen Wasserverbrauch und höheren Energiekosten in der Trocknung führen. Vor dem Zerfasern müssten die Partikel durch Erwärmung in einem Kocher mittels Wasserdampf plastifiziert werden. Falls die Partikel eine Feuchte niedriger als 30 % aufweisen, wird der kondensierte Wasserdampf von den Partikeln in die Zellwände eingelagert, welches zusätzlich zu einer Erweichung führt. Da die Blätter mit einer Wachsschicht überzogen sind, dauert die Wasseraufnahme und damit die Erweichung etwas länger als bei dem Stengelmaterial, welches bei kurzer Verweilzeit in dem Kocher zu einem höheren Energieverbrauch und höherem Staubanteil führt. Falls die Blätter verwendet würden, müssten diese daher zusätzlich gewässert werden. Das Wässern würde zu einem hohen Wasserverbrauch und höheren Energiekosten in der Trocknung führen. Bei gleichem Mahlscheibenabstand werden während der Zerfaserung von Blättern mehr kurze Fasern bzw. sehr feine Fasern erzeugt als während der Zerfaserung von Stängel. Die sehr feinen, kurzen Fasern beeinflussen nicht nur die Platteneigenschaften negativ. Auch die Presszeit wird durch feine, kurze Fasern verlängert.
Claims (6)
- Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Herstellung von Faserplatten aus Palmwedeln, bei dem die Palmwedeln zerhackt und das Hackgut mittels Luftsichtung in Stengelschnitzel und Fiederblätterschnitzel aufgeteilt und dabei der Anteil der Fiederblätterschnitzel zum überwiegenden Teil als Feingut ausgeschieden wird, die Stengelschnitzel werden anschließend zerfasert, getrocknet und in einem Mischer mit einem geeigneten Bindemittel und/oder in der Blow-Line beleimt, das Stengelfaserbindemittelgemisch wird dann in eine Streustation überführt und daraus eine Pressgutmatte gestreut, die anschließend in einer kontinuierlichen oder taktweise arbeitenden Heizpresse unter Druck und Wärme zu einem Faserplattenstrang oder einer Faserplatte verpresst und ausgehärtet wird.
- Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Herstellung von Faserplatten aus Palmwedeln, bei dem die Palmwedeln zerhackt und das Hackgut mittels Luftsichtung in Stengelschnitzel und Fiederblätterschnitzel aufgeteilt und dabei der Anteil der Fiederblätterschnitzel zum überwiegenden Teil als Feingut ausgeschieden wird, die Stengelschnitzel werden anschließend vorgewärmt, gekocht, zerfasert, getrocknet und in einen Mischer oder in einer Blow-Line beleimt, das Stengelfaserbindemittelgemisch wird dann ggf. gesichtet und in eine Streustation überführt, daraus eine Pressgutmatte gestreut, vorgepresst und anschließend in einer kontinuierlichen oder taktweise arbeitenden Heizpresse unter Druck und Wärme zu einem Faserplattenstrang oder einer Faserplatte verpresst und ausgehärtet.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zum Zerhacken der Palmwedeln ein Trommel- oder Scheibenhacker verwendet wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2 und Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Luftsichter ein Zick-Zack-Kaskadensichter oder ein Querstromsichter Verwendung findet.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2 und den Ansprüchen 3 und 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Streuung der Pressgutmatte aus der Streustation mit einer freien Fallhöhe von minimal 200 mm erfolgt.
- Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Hackgut getrocknet und zur Vorratshaltung oder Zwischenlagerung in einem Haufen gelagert wird.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10139987A DE10139987A1 (de) | 2001-08-22 | 2001-08-22 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Faserplatten |
| DE10139987 | 2001-08-22 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1285736A1 true EP1285736A1 (de) | 2003-02-26 |
| EP1285736B1 EP1285736B1 (de) | 2006-03-22 |
Family
ID=7695472
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP02018804A Expired - Lifetime EP1285736B1 (de) | 2001-08-22 | 2002-08-22 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Faserplatten |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1285736B1 (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE320897T1 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE10139987A1 (de) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2006088433A3 (en) * | 2005-02-16 | 2007-03-01 | He Minrong | Method for extracting fibres from oil palm parts and making biodegradable pallets therefrom |
| WO2020074447A3 (de) * | 2018-10-08 | 2020-07-16 | The BioSource Project GmbH & Co. KG | Werkstoff |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108724419A (zh) * | 2017-04-17 | 2018-11-02 | 廊坊华日家具股份有限公司 | 废弃木质模板复合纤维板及其制作方法 |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1118397A (zh) * | 1995-08-05 | 1996-03-13 | 昆明人造板机器厂 | 油棕纤维人造板及其制造方法 |
| DE19838860A1 (de) * | 1998-08-26 | 2000-03-02 | Kvaerner Panel Sys Gmbh | Verfahren zum Herstellen von Formkörpern |
| WO2000059697A1 (en) * | 1999-04-01 | 2000-10-12 | Handay Sendayung | A method for producing sheet or board of fibers of oil palm stem |
-
2001
- 2001-08-22 DE DE10139987A patent/DE10139987A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2002
- 2002-08-22 EP EP02018804A patent/EP1285736B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-08-22 DE DE50206120T patent/DE50206120D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-08-22 AT AT02018804T patent/ATE320897T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1118397A (zh) * | 1995-08-05 | 1996-03-13 | 昆明人造板机器厂 | 油棕纤维人造板及其制造方法 |
| DE19838860A1 (de) * | 1998-08-26 | 2000-03-02 | Kvaerner Panel Sys Gmbh | Verfahren zum Herstellen von Formkörpern |
| WO2000059697A1 (en) * | 1999-04-01 | 2000-10-12 | Handay Sendayung | A method for producing sheet or board of fibers of oil palm stem |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2006088433A3 (en) * | 2005-02-16 | 2007-03-01 | He Minrong | Method for extracting fibres from oil palm parts and making biodegradable pallets therefrom |
| WO2020074447A3 (de) * | 2018-10-08 | 2020-07-16 | The BioSource Project GmbH & Co. KG | Werkstoff |
| WO2020074437A3 (de) * | 2018-10-08 | 2020-07-16 | The BioSource Project GmbH & Co. KG | Werkstoff |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE10139987A1 (de) | 2003-03-06 |
| DE50206120D1 (de) | 2006-05-11 |
| ATE320897T1 (de) | 2006-04-15 |
| EP1285736B1 (de) | 2006-03-22 |
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