EP1284324B1 - Device and process for fastening a building element and a cable structure and suspension bridge having such devices - Google Patents
Device and process for fastening a building element and a cable structure and suspension bridge having such devices Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1284324B1 EP1284324B1 EP02026161A EP02026161A EP1284324B1 EP 1284324 B1 EP1284324 B1 EP 1284324B1 EP 02026161 A EP02026161 A EP 02026161A EP 02026161 A EP02026161 A EP 02026161A EP 1284324 B1 EP1284324 B1 EP 1284324B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cable
- housing
- wedging structure
- construction element
- wedging
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
- E01D19/00—Structural or constructional details of bridges
- E01D19/16—Suspension cables; Cable clamps for suspension cables ; Pre- or post-stressed cables
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of the use of cables in construction works.
- structural cable as used herein also covers a bundle or group of individual cables substantially parallel to each other, each individual cable may itself be composed of one or more elementary strands.
- the cable, or the individual cables can be bare or individually sheathed, or consist of a mixture of these two types.
- the cable may optionally be contained generally in an outer protective sheath filled with an adherent material. In the case of a cable formed by a group of individual cables, they may be in direct contact with each other, or be spaced from each other.
- the invention can in particular be implemented in suspension bridges comprising one or more load-bearing cables to be immobilized with respect to certain elements (pylon tops ...), and to which certain other elements must be attached (suspension of the apron, portions in solidarity with the apron ).
- the invention can also be applied in the field of prestressing, the structural cable then consisting of a cable tensioned to exert prestressing forces on a concrete structure or other, and to which certain elements of the structure can be set.
- the interface that the cable presents to its environment is most often defined by generatrices essentially parallel to the longitudinal direction. Under these conditions, to prevent relative longitudinal movements between the cable and the element, it is necessary to exert on the cable a transverse clamping force to obtain sufficient friction at the interface.
- This clamping can be obtained by means of corner jaws, in particular to achieve the anchoring of the structural cable.
- the jaws are installed individually around the strands, which implies that they can be separated from each other, a condition which is not always fulfilled in practice.
- the clamping is usually carried out using collars having two shells (or more), biased towards each other by means of bolts or the like.
- the inside of the shells have a shape corresponding to the outer interface of the cable possibly completed by filling inserts.
- German patent 869,977 it has been proposed to secure the attachment of a suspension line to the cable carrying a suspension bridge by adding wedge-shaped jaws at both ends of a collar consisting of several shells tight against each other by bolts.
- This securing is quite relative since the wedge effect is largely lost in case of loss of tightening of shell assembly bolts due to creep or fatigue.
- the distribution of clamping forces is poorly controlled in case of tightening of these bolts.
- this device has the problems of size and weight usually posed by this type of collars.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method of attachment which distributes well the forces transmitted to the structure cable.
- the invention thus proposes a device for fastening between a construction element and a structural cable comprising a rigid housing connected to the construction element and surrounding the cable, a wedging structure comprising at least one deformable elastomer material, disposed between the cable and the housing, and force transmission means arranged to exert a longitudinal compressive force, parallel to the cable, on the wedging structure.
- the jamming structure is pressed against the cable and the housing under the action of the longitudinal compressive force, so as to offer resistance to movement of the housing and the construction element parallel to the cable.
- the cable is gripped by the friction resulting from the orthogonal contact pressures generated by the longitudinal compression of the structure contained between the rigid outer casing and the cable passing therethrough.
- the force transmission means make it possible to control the good holding of the binding and the precise positioning of the casing with respect to the cable.
- a minimum compression force may be applied before the final assembly of the device, or during this assembly before loading.
- the wedging structure must naturally have sufficient resistance to compression and shear. Its longitudinal displacement during the application of the compression results in a uniform radial clamping of the cable.
- the homogeneous transmission of forces at the interface between the wedging structure and the cable is facilitated by the fact that the wedging structure undergoes a certain deformation at the moment when the force transmission means exert the controlled longitudinal compression.
- This deformation is due to the intrinsically deformable nature of all or part of the wedging structure housed between the housing and the cable.
- This structure may comprise an elastic material, a granular material, a fibrous material, or a mixture of such materials, and it may be made in one or more pieces. It has the property of expanding in the direction or directions orthogonal to the compression direction or directions, either by intrinsic elastic movement or by the movement of the individual particles (fibrous and / or granular) with respect to one another or compared to a binder.
- the deformable structure has a fairly high shear strength when it is compressed between the housing and the cable, in order to oppose the relative longitudinal movements thereof.
- the housing serves as support for the wedging structure and connecting piece with the element to be fixed to the cable. It is preferably a one-piece piece that completely surrounds a section of the cable, but it is not mandatory. Such a one-piece piece is for example cylindrical with a circular or polygonal base.
- This housing can be made of metal or any other sufficiently rigid material.
- Longitudinal compression is transmitted to the wedging structure by means of plates or rings or other parts bearing on the end surfaces of the wedging structure.
- the compression may be applied at one end, the other being in abutment against an abutment integral with the housing, or at both ends of the wedging structure, on all or only part of the accessible surface.
- the force transmission means may comprise one or more members extending parallel to the cable, tensioned by clamping means to exert the longitudinal compressive force at the ends of the wedging structure. These tension members (bolts, preload strands, or any other suitable member) may pass through or around the wedging structure, through or outside the housing.
- the force transmission means may further comprise a nut screwed into a thread integral with the housing and applied against one end of the jamming structure.
- the force transmission means may also be arranged to transform a longitudinal component of the load exerted on the cable by the construction element into a longitudinal compression of the deformable structure.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 show a fastening device installed around a cable 1, or group of cables.
- the element to be fixed is attached, by appropriate means, not shown, to a cylindrical housing 2.
- a deformable wedging structure 3 having, in the example shown, the shape of an elastomeric sleeve, is placed around the cable 1 inside the cylindrical housing 2.
- Two bearing pieces 4, which can be shaped like rings, are respectively applied to both ends of the deformable structure 3, penetrating inside the cylindrical housing 2.
- a longitudinal compressive force F is exerted on the deformable structure 3 by means of the two support pieces 4. In the example shown, the force F is applied to each of the two parts 4 at both ends of the housing 2.
- the deformable structure 3 is housed between the cable and the housing 2 with a certain radial clearance. When it is stressed in compression by the force F, it expands radially so as to be pressed inwards against the cable 1 and outwards against the cylindrical housing 2. It thus provides a friction between the cable 1 and the housing 2 which is attached to the element to be fixed. If the axial compression force F is sufficient, and if the structure 3 has an appropriate shear strength, this friction makes it possible to realize the desired fixation, preventing relative longitudinal movements between the cable 1 and the housing 2.
- the cable 1 is constituted by a set of juxtaposed strands 6.
- Each strand 6 may itself be composed of several elementary son.
- the deformable structure 3 has a shape complementary to the volume located between the periphery of the cable and the inner face of the housing 2. This shape can be obtained by molding the deformable structure 3, or else by deformation of an elastomer sleeve of original cylindrical shape .
- the strands 6 constituting the cable 1 are not juxtaposed, but spaced apart from each other.
- the elastomeric material of the deformable structure 3 is also in the gaps between the strands 6.
- the cable 1 is constituted by a solid wire, of cylindrical section.
- the deformable structure 3 can then simply have the shape of a cylindrical sleeve.
- the cable 1 is constituted by a strand composed of seven twisted metal wires 7, protected by a plastic sheath 8, with an adherent material 9, for example an elastomer, between the wires 7 and the sheath 8.
- a strand is described in the application for European patent 0 855 471 .
- the cylindrical deformable sleeve 3 then bears against the sheath 8 of the strand. The friction of this sleeve 3 on the housing 2 and the sheath 8 provides the desired attachment, together with the adhesion of the material 9 to the wires 7 and the sheath 8.
- the housing 2 is a one-piece piece of generally cylindrical shape.
- the base of this cylindrical shape is circular in the examples shown, but it will be noted that it could also be different, in particular polygonal.
- the fact that the housing 2 is a single piece allows it to be of relatively lightweight construction for a fastener resistant to a given load, especially lighter than if it were formed by assembling several shells, in the manner of conventional collars. In some configurations, the housing could however be an assembly of several parts.
- the variant embodiment of the figure 6 shows that the housing 2a which is attached to the element to be attached may surround the cable 1 only partially.
- the cable 1 is surrounded by about 240 °, which allows the establishment of the housing 2a without it being necessary to put it on previously on the cable 1, which can facilitate mounting in some cases.
- Inwardly directed flanges 2b are located at the ends of the housing perimeter to maintain the deformable structure between the cable and the housing.
- the figure 6 also shows that the deformable structure 3 may consist of several elements 3a, 3b arranged around the cable 1.
- the deformable structure 3 consists of a block of elastomeric material traversed by seven cylindrical channels 11 of diameter slightly greater than the diameter of the seven strands 6 constituting the cable, and three other cylindrical channels 12 distributed symmetrically on the section of the housing and intended to receive three threaded rods 13 of slightly smaller diameter.
- the threaded rods 13 pass through corresponding holes provided in the bearing parts 4.
- the rods 13 protrude at both ends of the casing 1, where they receive nuts 14. The tightening of these nuts puts the rods 13 in tension so as to exert longitudinal compression on the deformable structure 3. Under the effect of this compression, the deformable structure 3 bears on the inside of the housing 2 and clamps the strands 6.
- the threaded rods 13 could pass outside the deformable structure 3, through the wall of the housing 2 or outside thereof. These rods could still be replaced by other members working in tension, such as prestressing strands anchored at their ends by conical keys.
- the deformable wedging structure comprises several (three in the example shown) sections of deformable material 3c, 3d, 3e arranged successively along the cable 1.
- the end sections 3c, 3e are stressed in compression by the parts of support 4, while rigid inserts 15 are placed between the adjacent sections.
- These inserts 15 extend radially between the cable and the housing. It can especially be shaped rings.
- Their role is to limit the creep of the deformable material of the wedging structure from the side of the cable 1 where the transverse loads are applied to the opposite side. They provide support for the cable 1 if such creep occurs, and once this support is achieved, creep ceases since the deformable material is almost no longer solicited transversely.
- the inserts 15 and the support pieces 4 have radial clearances with respect to the cable 1, adjusted so that it follows a constant or substantially constant radius of curvature when it bears on these inserts, to minimize undesirable curvatures.
- the longitudinal compression force is applied to one side only of the housing 16.
- the deformable structure 3 is retained by a portion secured to the housing 16, such as for example a flange 17 directed towards the inside.
- the bearing piece 18, in the form of a ring bearing on the deformable structure 3 has a flange 19 directed outwards and provided with holes receiving bolts 21 fixed to the housing. The tightening of nuts 22 on the bolts 21 then makes it possible to compress the structure 3 between the flange 17 and the support rings 18.
- the fixing device shown on the figure 10 comprises a regulating member penetrating inside the housing 16 transversely to the direction of the cable.
- This member consists of a screw 23 that can be penetrated more or less deeply into the housing 16 to vary the available volume for the deformable structure 3, which allows to vary the clamping procured.
- the cable 1 consists, as indicated with reference to the figure 5 , in one or more strands protected by an individual sheath 8 made of plastic, for example high density polyethylene (HDPE), and the deformable structure 3 is made of elastomer, for example neoprene.
- An intermediate rigid layer 24 is disposed between the deformable structure 3 and the sheath 8 of the cable, to take account of the poor coefficient of friction between the HDPE and the neoprene.
- This layer 24 may in particular be HDPE, the coefficient of friction HDPE / HDPE is better.
- the intermediate layer 24 On its outer face, that is to say in the direction of the deformable structure 3, the intermediate layer 24 has transverse reliefs to the direction of the cable, such as ridges 25, to increase the friction.
- the figure 11 shows a variant of the realization according to the figure 10 , in which the intermediate rigid layer 26 ends, on the side of the inner rim 17 of the housing 16, by an outer rim 26a.
- the flanges 17 and 26a are in axial abutment on one another, and the deformable structure 3 is compressed longitudinally between the flange 26a and the support ring 18 which urges towards the said flanges the end of the wedging structure opposed to that which is in support against the edge 26a.
- This ensures the radial clamping between the housing 3 and the intermediate layer 26, the latter transmitting the clamping to the cable 1.
- the only interface working in friction is that between the layer 26 and the cable 1, which allows eliminate any slip problem that may occur on the surface of the deformable material.
- FIGS. 12 and 13 show embodiments in which the longitudinal compressive force applied to the deformable structure results from a transformation of the longitudinal component of the load C exerted on the cable by the element to be fixed.
- the cable 1 is in an inclined position, and the load C is directed vertically.
- annular stop 27 is fixed on the cable 1, exerting a moderate tightening thereon.
- the lower end of the deformable structure 3 is supported on this stop 27, and its upper end on an inner rim 28 secured to the housing 29.
- the load C transmitted to the housing 29 by the element to be fixed has a longitudinal component C L directed from the upper end to the lower end of the deformable structure. This component C L urges the rim 28 towards the deformable structure 3, which is compressed between the stop 27 and the flange 28. It should be noted that the sliding resistance offered by the device is greater than that provided for the only stop 27 attached to the cable.
- the element to be fixed 31 is attached to a lever 32 articulated at its opposite end on a support 33 secured to the housing 34, the hinge axis A being horizontal and perpendicular to the cable 1.
- An intermediate zone of the lever 32 is applied against a support piece 35 penetrating the housing 34 where it exerts the longitudinal compressive force at one end of the deformable structure, the opposite end of which abuts against a rim 36 integral with the housing 34, as shown by the tearing away of the case in the figure.
- This arrangement transmits the longitudinal component C L of the load to the deformable structure 3, with an amplification depending on the dimensions of the lever 32.
- the housing 50 of generally cylindrical shape, is traversed by an axial frustoconical orifice 51.
- a rib 52 is welded to the outside of the cylindrical housing 50 to receive a clevis attached to the end upper line.
- the cylindrical housing 50 further comprises two internal threads 53, 54 on either side of the frustoconical orifice 51.
- the thread 53 is formed at the periphery of a cylindrical recess 55 formed above the frustoconical orifice 51 (to the left of the figure 13 ).
- This orifice 55 receives the lower end of a sheath member 56 provided with a radial shoulder 57.
- An externally threaded nut 58 bears against the shoulder 57 and cooperates with the thread 53 to connect the sheath member 56. to the case 50.
- the thread 54 is formed at the periphery of another cylindrical recess 60 formed below the frustoconical orifice 51. This thread 54 receives a complementary external thread 61 formed at one upper end of another sleeve section 62 in order to connect this section of sheath 62 to the housing 50.
- the sheath sections 56, 62 extend between two consecutive collars on the carrying cable.
- the sheath sections 62 connected to the lower sides of the housings 50 have a diameter slightly greater than that of the sheath sections 56 connected to the upper sides of the housings.
- These two sections of sheath 56, 62 overlap over a certain length in the interval separating two collars. This telescopic overlap makes it possible to shorten the sheath between the collars to facilitate assembly, and allows differential expansions between the materials.
- the frustoconical orifice 51 of the casing 50 receives a complementary frustoconical jaw 64 which jams between the cable and the casing.
- the jaw 64 may be constituted by a plurality of distinct angular sectors, for example three in number.
- the jaw 64 is urged by a nut 65 provided with a thread outside cooperating with the thread 54.
- the nut 65 is screwed into the recess 60 in order to drive the jaw 64 towards the upper end of smaller diameter of the frustoconical orifice 51.
- the jaw 64 is thus found compressed longitudinally between its frustoconical interface with the housing 50 and its rear end urged by the nut 65.
- the jaw 64 undergoes a longitudinal compression, controlled by the tightening of the nut 65, which results in a transverse tightening of the cable 1.
- the housing can be secured beforehand on the cable (or the cable in the case), then set up the assembly while maintaining the positioning of the components.
- the longitudinal compression force increases because of the load transmitted by the housing 50 (to the right on the figure 14 ), and the positioning is not changed.
- the fastening device according to the figure 14 is always in a safe condition, due to the self-jamming operation including in cases where a slight upward movement of the hanger may occur.
- the assembly is also self-jamming in case of accidental overload on the hanger.
- the force transmission nut 65 is tightened by means of a suitable tool, such as a hook wrench, to a predefined torque in order to ensure sufficient clamping between the cable 1 and the housing 50.
- a suitable tool such as a hook wrench
- the clamping efficiency can be increased by filling voids between the strands by means of curvilinear plastic inserts (see EP-A-0 789 110 ).
- curvilinear plastic inserts see EP-A-0 789 110 .
- the frustoconical jaw 64 can be made of plastic, for example HDPE or polyamide, and the volume it occupies is confined.
- the jaw is confined as far as possible in its frustoconical housing.
- a shim 66 represented at the upper part of the figure 14 , which is applied against the end of the smaller section of the bit 64 after tightening, to seal this end and prevent excessive creep of the material of the jaw.
- the nut 65 has a configuration to also avoid the creep of the material of the jaw.
- a relatively aesthetic assembly is also achieved thanks to the continuity of connection of the sheath sections 56, 62.
- this protective sheath 56, 62 is optional.
- the sections of sheath extend in one piece from one collar to another, which improves the seal.
- the figure 15 schematically illustrates a suspension bridge having one or more carrying cables 1 equipped with fastening devices according to the invention.
- the carrying cable 1 is anchored at both ends of the bridge, and it passes on the towers 40.
- the lines 41 are hung on the carrier cable to support the apron 42 of the bridge.
- the lines 41 are attached to the carrier cable at their upper ends which are attached to housings 43 forming part of fasteners of the type previously described. These devices prevent the vertical lines 41 from sliding along the cable under the effect of the component parallel to the cable of the load exerted vertically by the deck 42.
- the element of construction connected to the housing 43 may be directly a secured portion of the deck.
- the carrier cable 1 is deflected at the top of the pylons 40, where the tensile force can be asymmetrical. It may therefore be necessary to block the cable to prevent it from sliding relative to the pylons. For this, we install at the top of the pylons 40 boxes 44 surrounding the cable 1 to block it in relation to the pylons as previously described.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
- Installation Of Indoor Wiring (AREA)
- Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
- Suspension Of Electric Lines Or Cables (AREA)
- Flexible Shafts (AREA)
- Laying Of Electric Cables Or Lines Outside (AREA)
- Multi-Conductor Connections (AREA)
- Mutual Connection Of Rods And Tubes (AREA)
- Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
- Details Of Connecting Devices For Male And Female Coupling (AREA)
- Supports For Pipes And Cables (AREA)
Abstract
Description
La présente invention concerne le domaine de l'utilisation de câbles dans les ouvrages de construction.The present invention relates to the field of the use of cables in construction works.
Elle trouve une application chaque fois qu'il est nécessaire de retenir un élément de construction par rapport à un câble de structure, ou encore le câble de structure par rapport à l'élément de construction, de façon à éviter leurs mouvements relatifs parallèlement à la direction du câble.It finds an application whenever it is necessary to retain a construction element with respect to a structural cable, or the structural cable with respect to the construction element, so as to avoid their relative movements parallel to the cable direction.
Le terme "câble de structure" tel qu'utilisé ici couvre également un faisceau ou groupe de câbles individuels sensiblement parallèles les uns aux autres, chaque câble individuel pouvant lui-même être composé d'un ou plusieurs brins élémentaires. Le câble, ou les câbles individuels, peuvent être nus ou individuellement gainés, ou encore consister en un mélange de ces deux types. Le câble peut éventuellement être contenu globalement dans une gaine de protection externe remplie d'un matériau adhérent. Dans le cas d'un câble formé par un groupe de câbles individuels, ceux-ci peuvent être en contact direct les uns avec les autres, ou être espacés les uns des autres.The term "structural cable" as used herein also covers a bundle or group of individual cables substantially parallel to each other, each individual cable may itself be composed of one or more elementary strands. The cable, or the individual cables, can be bare or individually sheathed, or consist of a mixture of these two types. The cable may optionally be contained generally in an outer protective sheath filled with an adherent material. In the case of a cable formed by a group of individual cables, they may be in direct contact with each other, or be spaced from each other.
L'invention peut notamment être mise en oeuvre dans des ponts suspendus comportant un ou plusieurs câbles porteurs devant être immobilisés par rapport à certains éléments (sommets de pylône...), et auxquels doivent être attachés certains autres éléments (suspentes du tablier, portions solidaires du tablier...).The invention can in particular be implemented in suspension bridges comprising one or more load-bearing cables to be immobilized with respect to certain elements (pylon tops ...), and to which certain other elements must be attached (suspension of the apron, portions in solidarity with the apron ...).
L'invention peut également s'appliquer au domaine de la précontrainte, le câble de structure consistant alors en un câble mis en tension pour exercer des efforts de précontrainte sur un ouvrage en béton ou autre, et auquel certains éléments de l'ouvrage peuvent être fixés.The invention can also be applied in the field of prestressing, the structural cable then consisting of a cable tensioned to exert prestressing forces on a concrete structure or other, and to which certain elements of the structure can be set.
Dans la zone de fixation, l'interface que le câble présente à son environnement est le plus souvent définie par des génératrices essentiellement parallèles à la direction longitudinale. Dans ces conditions, pour empêcher les mouvements longitudinaux relatifs entre le câble et l'élément, on est amené à exercer sur le câble un effort de serrage transversal afin obtenir un frottement suffisant à l'interface.In the fixing zone, the interface that the cable presents to its environment is most often defined by generatrices essentially parallel to the longitudinal direction. Under these conditions, to prevent relative longitudinal movements between the cable and the element, it is necessary to exert on the cable a transverse clamping force to obtain sufficient friction at the interface.
Ce serrage peut être obtenu à l'aide de mors à effet de coin, notamment pour réaliser les ancrages du câble de structure. Dans le cas courant d'un câble à torons multiples, les mors sont installés individuellement autour des torons, ce qui implique que ceux-ci puissent être écartés les uns des autres, condition qui n'est pas toujours remplie en pratique.This clamping can be obtained by means of corner jaws, in particular to achieve the anchoring of the structural cable. In the case In the case of a multi-strand cable, the jaws are installed individually around the strands, which implies that they can be separated from each other, a condition which is not always fulfilled in practice.
Sinon, le serrage est habituellement exercé à l'aide de colliers comportant deux coquilles (ou davantage), sollicitées l'une vers l'autre au moyen de boulons ou analogues. L'intérieur des coquilles à une forme correspondant à l'interface extérieure du câble éventuellement complété par des inserts de remplissage.Otherwise, the clamping is usually carried out using collars having two shells (or more), biased towards each other by means of bolts or the like. The inside of the shells have a shape corresponding to the outer interface of the cable possibly completed by filling inserts.
Cette façon de procéder conduit à une transmission inhomogène des efforts de serrage sur la section du câble de structure, même s'il est possible de lutter contre cet inconvénient par un remplissage approprié de l'intérieur du collier (voir
Dans le
Un autre inconvénient du collier décrit dans le
Un but de la présente invention est de proposer un mode de fixation qui répartisse bien les efforts transmis au câble de structure.An object of the present invention is to provide a method of attachment which distributes well the forces transmitted to the structure cable.
L'invention propose ainsi un dispositif de fixation entre un élément de construction et un câble de structure comprenant un boîtier rigide relié à l'élément de construction et entourant le câble, une structure de coincement comprenant au moins un matériau déformable en élastomère, disposée entre le câble et le boîtier, et des moyens de transmission d'effort agencés pour exercer un effort de compression longitudinale, parallèlement au câble, sur la structure de coincement. La structure de coincement est pressée contre le câble et le boîtier sous l'action de l'effort de compression longitudinale, de façon à offrir une résistance au mouvement du boîtier et de l'élément de construction parallèlement au câble.The invention thus proposes a device for fastening between a construction element and a structural cable comprising a rigid housing connected to the construction element and surrounding the cable, a wedging structure comprising at least one deformable elastomer material, disposed between the cable and the housing, and force transmission means arranged to exert a longitudinal compressive force, parallel to the cable, on the wedging structure. The jamming structure is pressed against the cable and the housing under the action of the longitudinal compressive force, so as to offer resistance to movement of the housing and the construction element parallel to the cable.
Le câble est agrippé par le frottement résultant des pressions de contact orthogonales générées par la compression longitudinale de la structure contenue entre le boîtier extérieur rigide et le câble qui le traverse.The cable is gripped by the friction resulting from the orthogonal contact pressures generated by the longitudinal compression of the structure contained between the rigid outer casing and the cable passing therethrough.
Les moyens de transmission d'effort permettent de contrôler la bonne tenue de la fixation et le positionnement précis du boîtier par rapport au câble. Un effort minimal de compression pourra être appliqué avant le montage définitif du dispositif, ou lors de ce montage avant la mise en charge.The force transmission means make it possible to control the good holding of the binding and the precise positioning of the casing with respect to the cable. A minimum compression force may be applied before the final assembly of the device, or during this assembly before loading.
La structure de coincement doit naturellement présenter une résistance suffisante à la compression et au cisaillement. Son déplacement longitudinal lors de l'application de la compression se traduit par un serrage radial uniforme du câble.The wedging structure must naturally have sufficient resistance to compression and shear. Its longitudinal displacement during the application of the compression results in a uniform radial clamping of the cable.
La transmission homogène des efforts à l'interface entre la structure de coincement et le câble est facilitée du fait que la structure de coincement subit une certaine déformation au moment où les moyens de transmission d'effort exercent la compression longitudinale contrôlée.The homogeneous transmission of forces at the interface between the wedging structure and the cable is facilitated by the fact that the wedging structure undergoes a certain deformation at the moment when the force transmission means exert the controlled longitudinal compression.
Cette déformation est due au caractère intrinsèquement déformable de tout ou partie de la structure de coincement logée entre le boîtier et le câble. Cette structure peut comprendre un matériau élastique, un matériau granulaire, un matériau fibreux, ou encore un mélange de tels matériaux, et elle peut être réalisée en une ou plusieurs pièces. Elle a la propriété de se dilater dans la ou les directions orthogonales à la ou les directions de compression, soit par mouvement élastique intrinsèque soit par le mouvement des particules individuelles (fibreuses et/ou granulaires) les unes par rapport aux autres ou par rapport à un liant. La structure déformable présente une résistance au cisaillement assez importante lorsqu'elle est comprimée entre le boîtier et le câble, afin de s'opposer aux mouvements longitudinaux relatifs de ceux-ci.This deformation is due to the intrinsically deformable nature of all or part of the wedging structure housed between the housing and the cable. This structure may comprise an elastic material, a granular material, a fibrous material, or a mixture of such materials, and it may be made in one or more pieces. It has the property of expanding in the direction or directions orthogonal to the compression direction or directions, either by intrinsic elastic movement or by the movement of the individual particles (fibrous and / or granular) with respect to one another or compared to a binder. The deformable structure has a fairly high shear strength when it is compressed between the housing and the cable, in order to oppose the relative longitudinal movements thereof.
Le boîtier sert d'appui pour la structure de coincement et de pièce de liaison avec l'élément à fixer au câble. C'est de préférence une pièce monobloc qui entoure complètement un tronçon du câble, mais ce n'est pas obligatoire. Une telle pièce monobloc est par exemple cylindrique à base circulaire ou polygonale. Ce boîtier peut-être réalisé en métal ou tout autre matériau suffisamment rigide.The housing serves as support for the wedging structure and connecting piece with the element to be fixed to the cable. It is preferably a one-piece piece that completely surrounds a section of the cable, but it is not mandatory. Such a one-piece piece is for example cylindrical with a circular or polygonal base. This housing can be made of metal or any other sufficiently rigid material.
La compression longitudinale est transmise à la structure de coincement au moyen de plaques ou d'anneaux ou d'autres pièces prenant appui sur les surfaces d'extrémité de la structure de coincement. La compression peut être appliquée à une extrémité, l'autre étant en appui contre une butée solidaire du boîtier, ou aux deux extrémités de la structure de coincement, sur la totalité ou sur une partie seulement de la surface accessible.Longitudinal compression is transmitted to the wedging structure by means of plates or rings or other parts bearing on the end surfaces of the wedging structure. The compression may be applied at one end, the other being in abutment against an abutment integral with the housing, or at both ends of the wedging structure, on all or only part of the accessible surface.
Les moyens de transmission d'effort peuvent comprendre un ou plusieurs organes s'étendant parallèlement au câble, mis en tension par des moyens de serrage pour exercer l'effort de compression longitudinale aux extrémités de la structure de coincement. Ces organes de tension (boulons, torons de précontrainte ou tout autre organe approprié) peuvent passer à travers la structure de coincement, ou encore autour de celle-ci, à travers ou à l'extérieur du boîtier. Les moyens de transmission d'effort peuvent encore comprendre un écrou vissé dans un filetage solidaire du boîtier et appliqué contre une extrémité de la structure de coincement.The force transmission means may comprise one or more members extending parallel to the cable, tensioned by clamping means to exert the longitudinal compressive force at the ends of the wedging structure. These tension members (bolts, preload strands, or any other suitable member) may pass through or around the wedging structure, through or outside the housing. The force transmission means may further comprise a nut screwed into a thread integral with the housing and applied against one end of the jamming structure.
Les moyens de transmission d'effort peuvent aussi être agencés pour transformer une composante longitudinale de la charge exercée sur le câble par l'élément de construction en une compression longitudinale de la structure déformable.The force transmission means may also be arranged to transform a longitudinal component of the load exerted on the cable by the construction element into a longitudinal compression of the deformable structure.
D'autres aspects de l'invention se rapportent à un procédé tel qu'énoncé dans la revendication 17 ou 18, utilisant un dispositif du type précédemment indiqué pour fixer un élément de construction à un câble de structure ou, symétriquement, un câble de structure à un élément de construction, et à un pont suspendu tel qu'énoncé dans la revendication 19.Other aspects of the invention relate to a method as recited in
D'autres particularités et avantages de la présente invention apparaîtront dans la description ci-après d'exemples de réalisation non limitatifs, en référence aux dessins annexés, dans lesquels :
- la
figure 1 est un schéma de principe, en coupe longitudinale, d'un dispositif de fixation selon la présente invention ; - les
figures 2 à 6 sont des schémas en coupe transversale de différents modes de réalisation du dispositif de lafigure 1 ; - la
figure 7 est un schéma en coupe longitudinale, suivant le plan VII-VII indiqué sur lafigure 8 , d'un autre exemple de dispositif de fixation selon l'invention ; - la
figure 8 est un schéma en coupe transversale de ce dispositif, suivant le plan VIII-VIII indiqué sur lafigure 7 ; - les
figures 9 à 12 sont des schémas en coupe longitudinale d'autres exemples de dispositifs de fixation ; - la
figure 13 est un schéma en élévation d'une autre variante de réalisation ; - la
figure 14 est une vue en coupe longitudinale d'un dispositif de fixation non revendiqué ; et - la
figure 15 est un schéma d'un pont suspendu selon l'invention.
- the
figure 1 is a schematic diagram, in longitudinal section, of a fastening device according to the present invention; - the
Figures 2 to 6 are cross-sectional diagrams of different embodiments of the device of thefigure 1 ; - the
figure 7 is a diagram in longitudinal section, according to the plane VII-VII indicated on thefigure 8 another example of a fixing device according to the invention; - the
figure 8 is a cross-sectional diagram of this device, according to the plan VIII-VIII indicated on thefigure 7 ; - the
Figures 9 to 12 are diagrams in longitudinal section of other examples of fixing devices; - the
figure 13 is an elevation diagram of another alternative embodiment; - the
figure 14 is a longitudinal sectional view of an unclaimed fastener; and - the
figure 15 is a diagram of a suspension bridge according to the invention.
Les
Une structure de coincement déformable 3 ayant, dans l'exemple représenté, la forme d'un manchon en élastomère, est placée autour du câble 1 à l'intérieur du boîtier cylindrique 2. Deux pièces d'appui 4, pouvant être en forme de bagues, sont respectivement appliquées aux deux extrémités de la structure déformable 3, en pénétrant à l'intérieur du boîtier cylindrique 2. Un effort F de compression longitudinale est exercé sur la structure déformable 3 par l'intermédiaire des deux pièces d'appui 4. Dans l'exemple représenté, l'effort F est appliqué sur chacune des deux pièces 4 aux deux extrémités du boîtier 2.A
La structure déformable 3 est logée entre le câble et le boîtier 2 avec un certain jeu radial. Lorsqu'elle est sollicitée en compression par l'effort F, elle se dilate radialement de manière à se trouver pressée vers l'intérieur contre le câble 1 et vers l'extérieur contre le boîtier cylindrique 2. Elle procure ainsi un frottement entre le câble 1 et le boîtier 2 auquel est attaché l'élément à fixer. Si l'effort F de compression axiale est suffisant, et si la structure 3 présente une résistance au cisaillement appropriée, ce frottement permet de réaliser la fixation souhaitée, empêchant les mouvements longitudinaux relatifs entre le câble 1 et le boîtier 2.The
Dans l'exemple de la
Dans la variante de la
Dans la variante de la
Dans l'exemple de la
Dans les exemples des
La variante de réalisation de la
Les
En variante, les tiges filetées 13 pourraient passer à l'extérieur de la structure déformable 3, à travers la paroi du boîtier 2 ou à l'extérieur de celui-ci. Ces tiges pourraient encore être remplacées par d'autres organes travaillant en tension, comme par exemple des torons de précontrainte ancrés à leurs extrémités par des clavettes coniques.Alternatively, the threaded
Dans la réalisation avantageuse de la
Dans le mode de réalisation de la
Le dispositif de fixation représenté sur la
Dans l'exemple de la
La
Les
Dans l'exemple de la
Dans le cas de la
Dans le dispositif de fixation représenté sur la
Le boîtier cylindrique 50 comporte en outre deux filetages intérieurs 53, 54 de part et d'autre de l'orifice tronconique 51. Le filetage 53 est formé à la périphérie d'un évidement cylindrique 55 formé au-dessus de l'orifice tronconique 51 (vers la gauche de la
Le filetage 54 est formé à la périphérie d'un autre évidement cylindrique 60 formé au-dessous de l'orifice tronconique 51. Ce filetage 54 reçoit un filetage extérieur complémentaire 61 formé à une extrémité supérieure d'un autre tronçon de gaine 62 afin de raccorder ce tronçon de gaine 62 au boîtier 50.The thread 54 is formed at the periphery of another
Les tronçons de gaine 56, 62 s'étendent entre deux colliers consécutifs sur le câble porteur. Les tronçons de gaine 62 raccordés sur les côtés inférieurs des boîtiers 50 ont un diamètre légèrement supérieur à celui des tronçons de gaine 56 raccordés sur les côtés supérieurs des boîtiers. Ces deux tronçons de gaine 56, 62 se chevauchent sur une certaine longueur dans l'intervalle séparant deux colliers. Ce chevauchement télescopique permet de raccourcir la gaine entre les colliers pour faciliter le montage, et autorise des dilatations différentielles entre les matériaux.The
On réalise ainsi une gaine protectrice du câble porteur qui se raccorde de façon continue au niveau des colliers, ce qui assure une protection fiable et une bonne esthétique d'ensemble. On obtient un autre avantage lorsqu'il est demandé qu'il soit possible de souffler de l'air sec dans la gaine d'un câble porteur de pont suspendu afin d'éliminer l'humidité : la réalisation de la
L'orifice tronconique 51 du boîtier 50 reçoit un mors tronconique complémentaire 64 qui réalise le coincement entre le câble et le boîtier. Comme il est usuel, le mors 64 peut être constitué en plusieurs secteurs angulaires distincts, par exemple au nombre de trois. Vers le côté inférieur du boîtier 50, qui correspond à l'extrémité de plus grand diamètre de l'orifice et du mors tronconiques, le mors 64 est sollicité par un écrou 65 pourvu d'un filetage extérieur coopérant avec le filetage 54.The
Avant l'accrochage de la suspente sur la plaque 52, l'écrou 65 est vissé dans l'évidement 60 afin d'enfoncer le mors 64 vers l'extrémité supérieure de plus petit diamètre de l'orifice tronconique 51. Le mors 64 se trouve ainsi comprimé longitudinalement entre son interface tronconique avec le boîtier 50 et son extrémité arrière sollicitée par l'écrou 65.Before hanging the suspension on the
Au moment où ce serrage est exercé, le mors 64 subit une compression longitudinale, contrôlée par le serrage de l'écrou 65, qui se traduit par un serrage transversal du câble 1. En exerçant ce serrage, on peut solidariser préalablement le boîtier sur le câble (ou le câble dans le boîtier), puis mettre en place l'ensemble tout en conservant le positionnement des composants. Lorsque la charge est ensuite transmise par l'accrochage des suspentes, l'effort de compression longitudinale augmente du fait de la charge transmise par le boîtier 50 (vers la droite sur la
En outre, le dispositif de fixation selon la
L'écrou de transmission d'effort 65 est serré au moyen d'un outil approprié, tel qu'une clé à ergots, à un couple prédéfini afin d'assurer un serrage suffisant entre le câble 1 et le boîtier 50.The
Dans le cas d'un câble multi-torons, l'efficacité du serrage peut être augmentée en comblant les vides entre les torons au moyen d'inserts curvilignes en matière plastique (voir
Pour limiter le fluage du mors tronconique 64, celui-ci peut être réalisé en matière plastique, par exemple en PEHD ou en polyamide, et le volume qu'il occupe est confiné.To limit the creep of the
Une fois qu'on a exercé le serrage contrôlé avec l'écrou 65, on fait en sorte d'éviter les fluages supplémentaires du matériau du mors 64. Pour cela, on confine autant que possible le mors dans son logement tronconique. On peut notamment utiliser une cale 66, représentée à la partie supérieure de la
Pour assembler la structure porteuse d'un pont suspendu réalisé à l'aide de dispositifs de fixation selon la
- on découpe les tronçons de gaine 56, 62, et on soude à leurs extrémités les pièces de raccordement comportant les rebords 57 et les filetages 61 ;
- on découpe à la longueur exacte les torons constitutifs du câble 1 ;
- on marque précisément sur les torons la position de chaque boîtier 50 pour l'accrochage des suspentes 41 et/ou la pose au sommet des pylônes 40 ;
- on enfile autour du câble les tronçons de gaine 56, 62, les écrous 58, 65, les mors 64, les boîtiers 50 et les cales optionnelles 66, dans l'ordre approprié depuis une extrémité du câble ou les deux ;
- on amène chaque boîtier 50 à l'emplacement spécifié sur le câble et après avoir engagé le mors 64
dans son orifice 51, on l'enfonce en appliquant le serrage requis au moyen de l'écrou 65 ; - après avoir serré l'écrou 65, on engage l'extrémité de l'élément de gaine 56 et la
cale optionnelle 66 dans l'évidement 55, et on raccorde cet élément de gaine 56au boîtier 50 au moyen de l'écrou 58; sur le côté opposé du boîtier 50, on engage également l'élément de gaine 62 en vissant son extrémité filetée 61 dans l'évidement 60 ; - après avoir mis en place tous les boîtiers de cette manière, on installe le câble en position sur les pylônes, et on procède aux ancrages des extrémités des torons puis à l'accrochage des suspentes.
- the
56, 62 are cut, and the connecting pieces comprising thesheath sections flanges 57 and the threads 61 are welded at their ends; - the constituent strands of the cable 1 are cut to the exact length;
- the strands are precisely marked on the position of each
casing 50 for hooking up thelines 41 and / or laying on top of thepylons 40; - the
56, 62, the nuts 58, 65, thesleeve sections jaws 64, thehousings 50 and theoptional shims 66 are threaded around the cable in the appropriate order from one end of the cable or both; - each
housing 50 is brought to the specified location on the cable and after engaging thejaw 64 in itshole 51, it is pressed by applying the required clamping by means of thenut 65; - after tightening the
nut 65, engaging the end of thesheath member 56 and theoptional shim 66 in therecess 55, and connecting thissheath member 56 to thehousing 50 by means of thenut 58; on the opposite side of thehousing 50, thesheath member 62 is also engaged by screwing its threaded end 61 into therecess 60; - after setting up all the housings in this way, the cable is installed in position on the pylons, and the ends of the strands are anchored and then the hanging lines.
Grâce au dispositif de fixation utilisé, cette façon de procéder permet un assemblage précis et fiable de la structure porteuse.Thanks to the fixing device used, this way of proceeding allows a precise and reliable assembly of the supporting structure.
Il est à noter que la même façon de procéder procure des avantages similaires de fiabilité et de précision lorsqu'on utilise un dispositif selon l'une des
On réalise en outre un ensemble relativement esthétique grâce à la continuité de raccordement des tronçons de gaine 56, 62. On notera toutefois que cette gaine protectrice 56, 62 est optionnelle. Dans une autre réalisation, convenant notamment dans le cas d'une préfabrication totale, les tronçons de gaine s'étendent d'un seul tenant d'un collier à un autre, ce qui améliore l'étanchéité.A relatively aesthetic assembly is also achieved thanks to the continuity of connection of the
La
Le câble porteur 1 est dévié au niveau du sommet des pylônes 40, où l'effort de traction peut être dissymétrique. On peut donc être amené à bloquer le câble pour éviter qu'il coulisse par rapport aux pylônes. Pour cela, on installe en haut des pylônes 40 des boîtiers 44 qui entourent le câble 1 pour bloquer celui-ci par rapport aux pylônes comme précédemment décrit.The carrier cable 1 is deflected at the top of the
Claims (20)
- A device for fixing together a construction element (40, 41) and a structural cable (1), comprising a rigid housing (2 ; 16) connected to the construction element and surrounding the cable, a wedging structure (3) arranged between the cable and the housing, and load transmitting means (4,13,14 ; 17,18,21,22) arranged to exert a longitudinal compressive force (F), parallel to the cable, on the wedging structure, the wedging structure being pressed against the cable and the housing under the action of the longitudinal compressive force, so as to offer resistance to movement of the housing and of the construction element parallel to the cable, characterized in that the wedging structure comprises at least one elastomeric deformable material.
- A device according to claim 1, wherein the wedging structure (3) comprises an elastic material, a granular material and/or a fibrous material.
- A device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the wedging structure comprises several portions made of deformable material (3c, 3d, 3e) arranged in the longitudinal direction and separated by inserts (15) running radially between the cable (1) and the housing (2).
- A device according to claim 3, wherein the inserts (15) exhibit radial clearance with respect to the cable (1), the clearance being tailored so that the cable follows a substantially constant radius of curvature when resting on said inserts.
- A device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising at least one adjusting member (23) penetrating the housing (16) transversely to the direction of the cable, so as adjustably to restrict the volume available for the deformable material of the wedging structure (3).
- A device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the load transmitting means comprise at least one member (13 ; 21) running parallel to the cable (1), tensioned by clamping means (14 ; 22) so as to exert the longitudinal compressive force on ends of the wedging structure (3).
- A device according to claim 6, wherein said member (13) extends through the wedging structure (3).
- A device according to claim 6, wherein said member extends around the wedging structure (3) through or around the outside of the housing (2).
- A device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the load transmitting means comprise at least one nut (65) screwed into a screw thread (54) integral with the housing (50) and applied against an end of the wedging structure (64).
- A device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the load transmitting means (27,28 ; 32,35,36) are arranged to convert a longitudinal component (CL) of the load exerted on the cable (1) by the construction element into a longitudinal compression of the wedging structure (3).
- A device according to claim 10, wherein the load transmitting means comprise a stop (27) fixed to the cable, against which a first end of the wedging structure (3) bears, and a part (28) integral with the housing (29) bearing against a second end of the wedging structure opposite the first end, the longitudinal component (CL) of the load exerted on the cable by the construction element being directed from the second end toward the first end.
- A device according to claim 10, wherein the housing (34) has an internal rim (35) against which a first end of the wedging structure (3) bears, and wherein the load transmitting means comprise a lever (32) articulated to a part (33) integral with the housing, by means of which the construction element (31) is connected to the housing, and a transmission member (35) bearing against a second end of the wedging structure opposite the first end and to which a portion of the lever applies the longitudinal compressive force in response to the load exerted by the construction element.
- A device according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein a fiberglass fabric is inserted between the cable (1) and the wedging structure and/or between the constituent strands of the cable.
- A device according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the cable (1) is protected by at least one plastic sheath (8), and wherein a rigid intermediate layer (24, 26) is arranged between the wedging structure (3) and the cable sheath.
- A device according to claim 14, wherein the wedging structure (3) is deformable and wherein the intermediate layer (24) exhibits, toward the deformable wedging structure (3), reliefs (25) transversal to the direction of the cable (1).
- A device according to claim 14, wherein the rigid intermediate layer (26) has an external radial rim (26a) against which a first end of the wedging structure (3) is applied, wherein said rim of the rigid intermediate layer is axially in abutment against an internal radial rim (17) of the housing (16), and wherein the load transmitting means comprise means (18,19,21,22) for compressing the wedging structure by urging a second end of the wedging structure opposite the first end toward said rims.
- A method for fixing a construction element (41) to a structural cable (1), comprising: placing around the cable a rigid housing (2 ; 16) for transmitting a load of the construction element to the cable; placing a wedging structure(3) comprising at least one elastomeric deformable material between the cable and the housing; and compressing the wedging structure longitudinally, parallel to the cable, before the load of the construction element is applied, so that the wedging structure is pressed against the cable and the housing to offer resistance to movement of the housing and of the construction element parallel to the cable.
- A method for fixing a structural cable (1) to a construction element (40), comprising: placing around the cable a rigid housing (2 ; 16) for transmitting a load of the construction element to the cable; placing a wedging structure (3) comprising at least one elastomeric deformable material between the cable and the housing; and compressing the wedging structure longitudinally, parallel to the cable, before the load of the construction element is applied, so that the wedging structure is pressed against the cable and the housing to offer resistance to movement of the cable with respect to the housing and to the construction element.
- A suspension bridge comprising at least one suspension cable (1) and construction elements for supporting a deck of the bridge, at least some of the construction elements (40,41) being fixed with respect to the suspension cable by means of devices according to any one of claims 1 to 16.
- A suspension bridge according to claim 19, wherein the construction elements fixed with respect to the suspension cable (1) by means of said devices comprise tops of towers (40) of the bridge where the suspension cable is deflected, and/or hangers (41) connected to the deck of the bridge, and/or sections of the deck of the bridge.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP02026161A EP1284324B1 (en) | 1998-12-24 | 1999-12-20 | Device and process for fastening a building element and a cable structure and suspension bridge having such devices |
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9816448 | 1998-12-24 | ||
FR9816448 | 1998-12-24 | ||
EP99401563 | 1999-06-23 | ||
EP99401563A EP1013830A1 (en) | 1998-12-24 | 1999-06-23 | Device and process for fastening a building element and a cable structure and suspension bridge having such devices |
EP99961108A EP1144760B1 (en) | 1998-12-24 | 1999-12-20 | Fixing device and method between a structural element and a suspension cable |
EP02026161A EP1284324B1 (en) | 1998-12-24 | 1999-12-20 | Device and process for fastening a building element and a cable structure and suspension bridge having such devices |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99961108A Division EP1144760B1 (en) | 1998-12-24 | 1999-12-20 | Fixing device and method between a structural element and a suspension cable |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP1284324A2 EP1284324A2 (en) | 2003-02-19 |
EP1284324A3 EP1284324A3 (en) | 2003-02-26 |
EP1284324B1 true EP1284324B1 (en) | 2009-03-18 |
Family
ID=9534512
Family Applications (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP99401563A Withdrawn EP1013830A1 (en) | 1998-12-24 | 1999-06-23 | Device and process for fastening a building element and a cable structure and suspension bridge having such devices |
EP02026161A Expired - Lifetime EP1284324B1 (en) | 1998-12-24 | 1999-12-20 | Device and process for fastening a building element and a cable structure and suspension bridge having such devices |
EP99961108A Expired - Lifetime EP1144760B1 (en) | 1998-12-24 | 1999-12-20 | Fixing device and method between a structural element and a suspension cable |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP99401563A Withdrawn EP1013830A1 (en) | 1998-12-24 | 1999-06-23 | Device and process for fastening a building element and a cable structure and suspension bridge having such devices |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP99961108A Expired - Lifetime EP1144760B1 (en) | 1998-12-24 | 1999-12-20 | Fixing device and method between a structural element and a suspension cable |
Country Status (13)
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US (2) | US6523207B1 (en) |
EP (3) | EP1013830A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP3730513B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR100519495B1 (en) |
AT (2) | ATE426064T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU1783500A (en) |
BR (1) | BR9916832A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2356819C (en) |
DE (2) | DE69906145T2 (en) |
DK (2) | DK1284324T3 (en) |
ES (2) | ES2194539T3 (en) |
PT (2) | PT1144760E (en) |
WO (1) | WO2000039401A1 (en) |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP1013830A1 (en) * | 1998-12-24 | 2000-06-28 | Freyssinet International Stup | Device and process for fastening a building element and a cable structure and suspension bridge having such devices |
FR2798408B1 (en) * | 1999-09-15 | 2002-01-18 | Freyssinet Int Stup | PARALLEL WIRE CABLE FOR CONSTRUCTION OPENING STRUCTURE, ANCHORING SUCH CABLE, AND ANCHORING METHOD |
FR2825389B1 (en) * | 2001-05-29 | 2008-02-01 | Baudin Chateauneuf | WORK COMPRISING A LOAD SUSPENDED TO A CARRIER CABLE SURROUNDED BY AN EXTRUDED SHEATH |
EP1411170A1 (en) * | 2002-10-15 | 2004-04-21 | Fatzer Ag | Tendon, especially for the suspension of construction elements and manufacturing method thereof |
FR2849070B1 (en) * | 2002-12-18 | 2005-03-04 | Freyssinet Int Stup | METHOD FOR MOUNTING A HAUBAN |
AU2003304059A1 (en) * | 2003-03-24 | 2004-11-19 | Freyssinet | Construction cable |
DK1629154T5 (en) * | 2003-06-02 | 2008-10-27 | Freyssinet | Method for anchoring parallel wire cables |
FR2862073B1 (en) * | 2003-11-12 | 2007-11-23 | Freyssinet Int Stup | DEVICE FOR DAMPING THE VIBRATION OF A HAUBANS TAB OF A CONSTRUCTION WORK AND METHOD OF DAMPING THE SAME |
US7195417B2 (en) * | 2004-07-21 | 2007-03-27 | Honeywell International, Inc. | Composite tie rod |
FR2883376B1 (en) * | 2005-03-17 | 2007-06-15 | Fressinet Internat Stup | METHOD FOR DETECTING RUPTURE WITHIN A STRUCTURE AND SYSTEM FOR IMPLEMENTING THE METHOD |
US20060241197A1 (en) * | 2005-04-25 | 2006-10-26 | Velsicol Chemical Corporation | Plasticizer compositions for flexible closed cell foams |
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CN113718664B (en) * | 2021-09-15 | 2023-03-03 | 中铁一局集团有限公司 | Construction method for constructing cross-business line cover beam top rotating body of unequal-span steel box girder cable-stayed bridge |
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-
1999
- 1999-06-23 EP EP99401563A patent/EP1013830A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-12-20 EP EP02026161A patent/EP1284324B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-12-20 AT AT02026161T patent/ATE426064T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-12-20 ES ES99961108T patent/ES2194539T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-12-20 AU AU17835/00A patent/AU1783500A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-12-20 DK DK02026161T patent/DK1284324T3/en active
- 1999-12-20 CA CA002356819A patent/CA2356819C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-12-20 JP JP2000591281A patent/JP3730513B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-12-20 WO PCT/FR1999/003200 patent/WO2000039401A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1999-12-20 DK DK99961108T patent/DK1144760T3/en active
- 1999-12-20 EP EP99961108A patent/EP1144760B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-12-20 AT AT99961108T patent/ATE234968T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-12-20 ES ES02026161T patent/ES2324397T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-12-20 BR BR9916832-4A patent/BR9916832A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-12-20 KR KR10-2001-7008151A patent/KR100519495B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-12-20 DE DE69906145T patent/DE69906145T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-12-20 DE DE69940615T patent/DE69940615D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-12-20 US US09/869,225 patent/US6523207B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-12-20 PT PT99961108T patent/PT1144760E/en unknown
- 1999-12-20 PT PT02026161T patent/PT1284324E/en unknown
-
2002
- 2002-12-12 US US10/317,294 patent/US6715176B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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JP2002533595A (en) | 2002-10-08 |
EP1284324A3 (en) | 2003-02-26 |
KR100519495B1 (en) | 2005-10-07 |
ES2194539T3 (en) | 2003-11-16 |
ATE234968T1 (en) | 2003-04-15 |
DK1284324T3 (en) | 2009-07-20 |
CA2356819A1 (en) | 2000-07-06 |
PT1144760E (en) | 2003-08-29 |
EP1013830A1 (en) | 2000-06-28 |
ATE426064T1 (en) | 2009-04-15 |
US6715176B2 (en) | 2004-04-06 |
WO2000039401A1 (en) | 2000-07-06 |
EP1144760A1 (en) | 2001-10-17 |
DE69906145D1 (en) | 2003-04-24 |
ES2324397T3 (en) | 2009-08-06 |
KR20010086155A (en) | 2001-09-08 |
DK1144760T3 (en) | 2003-07-21 |
EP1144760B1 (en) | 2003-03-19 |
DE69940615D1 (en) | 2009-04-30 |
DE69906145T2 (en) | 2004-02-05 |
EP1284324A2 (en) | 2003-02-19 |
JP3730513B2 (en) | 2006-01-05 |
AU1783500A (en) | 2000-07-31 |
BR9916832A (en) | 2001-09-25 |
US20030086755A1 (en) | 2003-05-08 |
US6523207B1 (en) | 2003-02-25 |
CA2356819C (en) | 2006-12-19 |
PT1284324E (en) | 2009-07-14 |
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