EP1280598B1 - Cavitation mixer - Google Patents

Abstract

A mixing device (100) comprises a housing (1) having an inlet opening (2) for part the material stream and an outlet opening (3) for the removal of the material stream. The housing has a flow through chamber (4) with a body (8) held by a holder (6), the body having two partial regions (80) for a local constriction of the stream. The cross-section of the flow through chamber is larger in the flow direction of the material stream which flows through it. Preferred Features: The body (8) can be pushed along the direction of the middle axis of the flow through chamber. The partial regions of the body realized using a partial body. At least one of the partial regions is formed as a hollow truncated cone or hemisphere.

Description

The invention relates to a device for Mixing the components of a flowing through Mass flows, the components being particularly solid, can be liquid or gaseous, by means of a hydrodynamic super cavitation field to a mixture in particular to produce an emulsion or suspension.

Sinks due to a flowing fluid from a current narrowing locally the so-called static Pressure below the vapor pressure, so cavitation occurs means that steam-filled liquids are formed in the liquid Gas bubbles, which are also called cavitation bubbles. Then the static pressure increases again and exceeds vapor pressure, these gas bubbles break implosion-like (practically at the speed of sound) together.

This mechanism of hydrodynamically generated cavitation falls under the scope of the Bernoulli equation. According to this, the following applies in general (see "Gerthsen Physik", Helmut Vogel, ISBN 3-540-59278-4, 18th edition, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York, 1995, chapter 3.3.6, flow of ideal liquids, page 118 to 121) on each potential surface of the external volumetric forces in a stream of current flowing, i.e. in the case of gravity at the same height everywhere, p + 1 / 2ρv 2 = p 0 = const, where p _{0 is} the pressure that would prevail in the still liquid, for example the air pressure plus the hydrostatic pressure pgh. The sum of the static pressure p and the dynamic pressure 1 / 2ρv ² has the same value everywhere in the given depth.

If the flow velocity reaches or exceeds v _k = √2p ₀ / ρ, the static pressure becomes zero or negative. Such speeds (in the water is v _k = 14 m / s) are easily achieved on all fast watercraft, with slow at least on the screws, also on turbine blades and in liquid pumps. A little earlier, the static pressure drops below the vapor pressure of the liquid, which is a few 10 ² Pa, and cavitation occurs, especially when microscopic air bubbles are already present as germs, which is difficult to avoid.

The appearance of hydrodynamic cavitation consists in the formation of a vapor gas mixture filled cavities, the so-called cavitation bubbles, inside a rapidly flowing Liquid flow or at edge areas one in the flowing liquid flow arranged poorly flowable body, each as a result of the Liquid movement (flow) conditional local Pressure reduction. Hydrodynamic cavitation occurs so in all hydraulic systems where large Differences in pressure occur, such as turbines, pumps and High-pressure nozzles.

With ultrasound cavitation in the Vacuum phase of a sound field the tensile stresses of the material exceeded, so that again with steam or gas-filled cavitation bubbles. In the Sonochemistry makes you look at the extreme conditions at Collapse (pressure, temperature) in the ultrasonic field generated cavitation bubbles. Also the physical effect of sonoluminescence is associated with the Dynamics of cavitation bubbles and their generation using connected to an ultrasound field.

The above examples are Cavitation caused by one in the water or one Fluid applied tensile stress in the flow or in the acoustic field arises. Another type of cavitation too generate local energy in the liquid to deposit, for example by a spark or a Laser pulse. Details on the latter can be found for example in the diploma thesis of Olgert Lindau, "Dynamics and luminescence of laser generated Cavitation Bubbles ", 1998, made in the third Physics Institute of the Georg-August-Universität zu Goettingen.

As is well known, cavitation and the associated ones Effects for mixing the components of a use flowing mass flows. So you can for example two different liquids or one Liquid and a solid (particle) or a Mix liquid and gas together. The mixing, emulsifying and dispersing action cavitation is based on a large number of Force applied by collapsing Cavitation bubbles originate on the one to be treated Mixture of components. The imploding of Cavitation bubbles near the interface of two Phase areas become liquid-solid from the dispersion the solid phase (particles) in the liquid phase (Liquid) and from the formation of a suspension accompanied. The imploding of cavitation bubbles becomes analogous near the interface of two different liquid phases from crushing the a liquid in the other and the formation of one Emulsion accompanied. This happens in both cases Destruction of the interface of the continuous phases, the means their erosion, and the formation of a Dispersion medium and a disperse phase.

In US-A-3834982 is an apparatus for generating described a suspension of fiber materials. The Device consists of a housing with a Entry opening for the supply of components of a Fiber material suspension and an exit opening for the Removal of the cavitated fiber material suspension and a flow chamber with one placed in it one piece existing, difficult to flow around cylindrical body (which because of its function in general is also called cavitator). The component stream flows through the flow chamber and the one placed therein cylindrical body which is difficult to flow around and which is transverse to Flow direction is arranged so that this one local rejuvenation of the fiber material suspension generated. This creates a hydrodynamic one behind the cylinder Forms cavitation field, i.e. the cylinder creates a spatial area in the flowing Mass flow in which in a dynamic process Cavitation bubbles arise, exist and collapse (implode).

Due to the shape of the one that is difficult to flow around, cylindrical body in US-A-3834982 arises behind this due to the conditions caused by him Cross-sectional tapering of the flow cross section only one only cavitation field. Thus this device works only a relatively poor mixing of the components the fiber material suspension in terms of homogeneity (Particle size) and long-term stability of the generated Dispersion. The intensity of using the device US-A-3834982 generated cavitation field is for mixing or dispersing difficult to mix or dispersible phases too low.

The cavitation mixer described in SU-A-1088782 also has a facility with which the Cavitation field with another by means of a Air pressure source generated pressure vibrations superimposed can be.

The cavitation mixer disclosed in SU-A-1678426 has an axially elastically mounted, difficult to flow around Body, its own resonance vibrations in the liquid medium should cause.

In SU-A-1720695 there is another cavitation mixer described the body as difficult to flow around two Hemispheres has a rectangular groove between them limit. The pulsation of the current in the groove should be on affect the cavitation area and thereby the Frequency of cavitation bubbles and their intensity increase.

The aforementioned three publications therefore disclose Cavitation mixers, where the mixing effect should be improved that an attempt is made to Cavitation effect through further tear-off edges or Overlay with pressure waves, the other tear-off edges correspond to improve.

DE-A-3610744 describes a device for direct Ventilation and circulation, especially of waste water, called a cavitation field by means of a wing screw generated and air mixed in the water.

US-A-4127332 discloses another mixing device, who uses cavitation for this purpose.

Compared to the above Cavitation mixers, each with only one Cavitation field is generated by two different ones Mixing components of a system is that Cavitation effect and thus mixing effect in cavitation mixers, that create a so-called super cavitation field, that is, a superposition of several cavitation fields, significantly improved.

DE-A-4433744 discloses a cavitation mixer the body that is difficult to flow around (cavitator) has a truncated cone made up of several heavy ones flow around sub-bodies is formed, between which there is a flow-through cavity in each case. This hard to flow body is in a solid Position arranged in a passage chamber, which - in Flow direction seen - in the entire area of the difficult to flow around a constant body has circular cross section.

A first cavitation field is based on conventional ones Generated by flowing around the entire body. In addition, the cavities through which flow is possible are one Another source of cavitation fields caused by the Flow in these cavities arise, in particular also outwards into those flowing around the entire body Currents are directed so that the cavitation bubbles in the flowable cavities also outwards to go beyond the conventional cavitation field. The spatial Superposition of the individual cavitation fields creates a so-called super cavitation field and causes one Multiplication of the cavitation effect of each one Cavitation.

Hydrodynamic super cavitation generators as in DE-A-4433744 represent effective mixing devices, that can be used, one out of several Components existing fluid flowing through processing, for example mixing, emulsifying, homogenize, disperse or dissolve, or Saturate liquids with gases. Super cavitation generators are universal Devices for processing a wide range of Products in chemical, petrochemical, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries, as well as in the Ceramics and food industries and other industries.

Typical basic technical data of a hydrodynamic super cavitation generator and parameters of the medium to be processed are: productivity 0.1 to 500 m ³ / h inlet pressure 0.3 to 1.2 MPa medium viscosity 0.001 to 30 Pa s medium temperature 5 to 250 ° C Total length 50 to 800 mm Working chamber diameter 15 to 300 mm Dimensions 0.4 to 40 kg minimal useful life 30,000 h

The mixing and homogenization processes in the mixer are based on the use of hydrodynamic cavitation and are bound to such physical effects as pressure waves, accumulation, self-excited vibrations, vibration turbulization and rectified diffusion, for example, which arise when cavitation bubbles collapse. The volumetric concentration of the cavitation bubbles in the apparatus reaches orders of magnitude of 1 to 10 ¹⁰ l / m ³ . When each cavitation bubble collapses, pressure pulses are initiated which reach 10 ³ MPa and more, just as temperatures of around 5000 K occur in the bubble when a cavitation bubble imploses (see, for example, VDI-Nachrichten, April 1, 1999, No. 13 , "Pollutants in ultrasound"). Such high pressure pulses contribute to the large volumetric concentration of the bubbles in the working area of the mixer so that the pulse power supplied to a unit volume of the medium to be processed is 10 ⁴ to 10 ⁵ kW / m ³ . It should also be mentioned that a vacuum zone with a pressure of 4 to 10 kPa is created in the working chamber of the mixer, which makes it possible to inject various liquid and gaseous components directly into the mixer. A converging or diverging pipe section is disclosed a long way before or after the body, which is difficult to flow around.

EP-A-0644271 is also a hydrodynamic one Supercavitation mixer reveals a difficult to flow around Contains body made up of at least two Consists of elements that form their own Ensure cavitation fields. The elements or Partial bodies that make up the body, which is difficult to flow around exists, the shape of hollow truncated cones or hemispheres, and can also each attached to a hollow pole. These poles are like that designed that nested and each with individual devices can be connected, so that they are axially displaced relative to each other can. This way the individual can be difficult flowable body forming elements, in Flow direction axially shifted against each other and so arranged at different distances relative to each other become. This way, not only by the shape of the Elements but also by their relative distance to each other that caused by each element hydrodynamic cavitation field in its properties be varied and adjusted, which in turn is based on the superposition of the individual cavitation fields, the means the super cavitation field of the cavitation mixer affects accordingly.

EP-A-644271 also teaches that it is used to optimize the Processes of dispersion and emulsification expedient is in the hydrodynamic flow of components at least in a section of its local Constriction - or immediately after - a gaseous component introduce. The elements of the bad flow Body can also be made from an elastic non-metallic material. The cavitation mixer can also add another difficult to flow around Body included, which is behind the first difficult-to-flow body, which it resembles, in the direction of flow is arranged and with it by an elastic Element slidable along the axis of the flow channel connected is.

About the adjustable elements of the difficult the process or the Device according to EP-A-0644271 the possibility of Intensity of the resulting hydrodynamic Super cavitation field in adaptation to the concrete regulate technological processes. However the body, which is difficult to flow around, as a whole on a solid Place arranged in a flow channel in the Area of the body difficult to flow around and in Flow direction also seen a constant circular Has cross-section. In the distance before and after the difficult flowable body becomes a converging or diverging pipe section disclosed.

Although the hydrodynamic State-of-the-art super cavitation generators in provide generally good results, there is a Need for improvement in many ways.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to Device for mixing the components or Components of a mass flow flowing through at least one hydrodynamic super cavitation field To provide such that the mass flow treated is extremely homogeneous and this over any one long period of time, even if the device for mixing of usually very difficult to mix Components used with devices after the state of the art not or only poorly and / or can only be mixed for a relatively short time.

Furthermore, it is an object of the present invention a device for mixing the components or Components of a mass flow flowing through at least one hydrodynamic super cavitation field to provide without additives (such as additives or Emulsifiers) are used to improve the mixing effect or to improve the mixing result or one at all To get mixture.

Furthermore, it is an object of the present invention a device for mixing the components of a provide mass flows flowing through, wherein the mixing effect or the mixing result regulated to the Type and concentrations of the components to be mixed in other words, can be adapted to the Properties of the special to be homogenized in each case Systems and corresponding process and Result parameters.

It is another object of the present Invention, a device for mixing the Components of a mass flow flowing through provide the kinetic energy of the Flow in an optimal way for mixing or Homogenization is used.

These tasks are solved by the characteristics of claims 1 and 29, respectively.

A device for mixing the components or Components of a mass flow flowing through according to of the present invention - hereinafter Called super cavitation mixer - includes a housing with at least one entrance opening and at least one Output port. In the at least one entrance opening will mix all or part of the Mass flows initiated, and after exposure to a hydrodynamic super cavitation field Mass flow through the at least one outlet opening discharged. The essential components include Super cavitation mixer a flow chamber, the part of the housing, and a body that is difficult to flow around, by means of a holder in the flow chamber is arranged. The body is difficult to flow around at least two sub-areas that are difficult to flow around, the each for a local flow restriction in the Flow chamber flowing through mass flow in the area of the body, which is difficult to flow around. The cross section the flow chamber, which is perpendicular to its central axis is taken at least in part of the area the flow chamber, the body which is difficult to flow around surrounds in the direction of flow of the Flow chamber mass flow flowing through larger. This widening part of the flow chamber is essential for the production of the invention highly effective super cavitation field.

The difficult to flow around and the difficult flowable bodies as a whole are the sources for several cavitation fields that overlap and thus form a super cavitation field. That from that Super cavitation mixer according to the present invention provided super cavitation field is suitable for various components particularly effectively mix or homogenize. With the Super cavitation mixers can usually do this themselves components that are extremely difficult to mix - without more Additives such as emulsifiers - especially homogeneous and extremely long-term stable mixtures be transferred. If the components are liquid, so if emulsions are obtained, one of the components is liquid and the other firm, that is, exists, for example from particles with a certain size distribution, so you get suspensions in which the particle size is significantly reduced. The invention Super cavitation mixer can also be used for this to gaseous and liquid components mix or a gaseous component especially effectively in one or more liquid components dissolve.

Some examples of possible mixtures are water-diesel suspensions, the homogenization of Food or colors, or the interference or Dissolution of chlorine gas in water.

It is understood that those to be mixed Components or components not necessarily each of different atomic or molecular Composition must be. For example, two Components to be mixed each have the same chemical Have composition, only that one Component in the liquid phase and the other Component is in the solid phase. Two or more Components to be mixed can also be the same in each case contain chemical components, only in others Concentrations. In particular is also a Repatriation or multiple treatment of one already with the super cavitation mixer according to the invention treated multi-component mass flow possible if this is advantageous for process engineering or other reasons is.

Another advantageous embodiment of the invention consists of several super cavitation mixers according to the invention to couple, such that their respective Super cavitation fields in a common area of one common flow chamber are superimposed on each other, whereby the mixing effect of each In turn, supercavitation fields are potentiated. On Another advantage of such a design is that one same total flow - compared to one appropriately sized individual super cavitation mixers with a big, powerful pump - then only several small pumps are needed, which is process engineering is much more effective.

According to the advantageous embodiment of the invention according to claim 2, the body around which the body is difficult to flow Super cavitation mixer axially along the direction of the Central axis of the flow chamber are shifted. This makes it possible for the body, which is difficult to flow around the at least one expanding area of Position the flow chamber in such a way that in Depends on the type of components to be mixed an optimal cavitation effect or an optimal one Super cavitation field is provided so that a optimally homogeneous and long-term stable mixture achieved can be. It is understood that this way too further process parameters or result parameters can be set or adjusted.

Another advantageous embodiment of the invention according to claim 3 or 4 is accordingly that the hard to knock over part of a multitude individual partial body that is difficult to flow around ( flowable areas correspond) that exists connected and arranged so that they all - or only a few or only one - independently of each other along the direction of the central axis of the flow chamber can be moved. This allows the super cavitation field and thus the mixing effect of the Super cavitation mixer can also be adjusted that depending on the process parameters and the type desired properties of the components to be mixed of the multicomponent mass flow such as homogeneity and Stability can be adjusted optimally.

According to the advantageous embodiment of the invention according to claim 5 is at least one of the difficult to flow Partial areas or partial body of the difficult flowable body so designed to be Cross section perpendicular to the central axis of the Flow chamber is taken at the end of the section or partial body that the input opening of the Housing facing is smaller than at the end that the Output opening of the housing is turned.

According to the advantageous embodiments of the invention according to claim 16 to 18, the flow chamber of Super cavitation mixer a bulge of their walls on, for example, in a bulge-like protuberance is formed all around along its circumference. This Bulge can relate to an appropriate location be placed on the body that is difficult to flow around, such that the super cavitation field is influenced in a targeted manner and its mixing effect is optimized. It is obvious, that when the body is difficult to flow around along the direction of the central axis of the flow chamber can be moved, even if this is only possible for a partial body of him, the mixing effect of Super cavitation field in connection with this bulge particularly well on the type of to be mixed Components and other process parameters set and can be optimized.

According to the advantageous embodiment of the invention according to claims 19 and 20, the flow is difficult Body at least partially from an elastic non-metallic material or has one corresponding coating on. This will make one destructive repercussions of the cavitation fields on the Equipment itself avoided.

According to the advantageous embodiment of the invention according to claim 21, part of the to be mixed Mass flows or a certain component thereof an appropriately designed bracket and one appropriately designed bodies that are difficult to flow around, the respective corresponding through cavities have, introduced directly into the flow chamber become. This allows the super cavitation field or its The mixing effect can be influenced in a targeted manner, especially depending on the type of mixing components, such that an optimal Mixing effect is achieved.

According to the advantageous embodiment of the invention according to claim 26 you can both the difficult to flow Body as well as the mass flow in the flow chamber each apply ultrasound. This allows the bodies that are difficult to flow around, for example in vibrations be offset what the formation of cavitation fields or can increase their mixing effect. Corresponding can apply the mass flow with ultrasound cause additional ultrasonic cavitation and that of body that is difficult to flow around Increase cavitation fields or their mixing effect.

Corresponding effects can also be obtained if one according to the advantageous embodiment of the invention according to claim 27 the body difficult to flow around directly and / or part or all of the flow chamber Flow chamber set in ultrasonic vibrations.

Under the concept of strengthening the mixing effect or the cavitation fields become any here Modification of the properties of the cavitation fields (e.g. the size distribution of the Cavitation bubbles, their spatial distribution or their potential energy before its implosion) understood the contributes to the fact that the mass flow to be mixed after better or specially desired properties of the treatment having.

In this sense, according to the advantageous Embodiment of the invention according to claim 28 by mass flow flowing through the flow chamber also accordingly with laser light of appropriate intensity and / or wavelength in a corresponding or several corresponding spatial areas become.

The remaining sub-claims relate to others advantageous embodiments of the super cavitation mixer.

Further details and advantages of the invention result from the following description of the preferred embodiments of the invention based on the Drawing.

Fig. 1a eine schematische Querschnittsansicht einer ersten beispielhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung;

Fig. 1b eine schematische Querschnittsansicht einer zweiten beispielhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung, die eine Modifikation der ersten Ausführungsform von Fig. 1a darstellt;

Fig. 2a eine Querschnittsansicht eines beispielhaften schwer umströmbaren Körpers für den erfindungsgemäßen Superkavitationsmischer;

Fig. 2b eine Querschnittsansicht einer Modifikation des beispielhaften schwer umströmbaren Körpers von Fig. 2a;

Fig. 2c eine Querschnittsansicht einer weiteren Modifikation des beispielhaften schwer umströmbaren Körpers von Fig. 2a bzw. Fig. 2b;
   die Figuren 3a bis 3f Querschnittsansichten für beispielhafte schwer umströmbare Teilbereiche des schwer umströmbaren Körpers, insbesondere seines der Ausgangsöffnung des Gehäuses zugewandten Endteilbereichs;
   die Figuren 4a und 4b schematische Draufsichten in Strömungsrichtung auf beispielhafte schwer umströmbare Körper;

Fig. 5 eine perspektivische Ansicht einer beispielhaften Wendelvorrichtung mit wendelartig ausgebildeten Elementen, die am Anfang und/oder am Ende der Durchflußkammer angeordnet werden kann, um den hindurchströmenden Massestrom zusätzlich zu vermischen; und

Fig. 6 eine schematische Querschnittsansicht einer beispielhaften Kopplung von zwei erfindungsgemäßen Superkavitationsmischern, derart, daß sich ihre jeweiligen Superkavitationsfelder räumlich überlagern.

Show it:

1a shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a first exemplary embodiment of the invention;

1b is a schematic cross-sectional view of a second exemplary embodiment of the invention, which is a modification of the first embodiment of FIG. 1a;

2a shows a cross-sectional view of an example of a body which is difficult to flow around for the supercavitation mixer according to the invention;

FIG. 2b shows a cross-sectional view of a modification of the exemplary difficult-to-flow body from FIG. 2a;

FIG. 2c shows a cross-sectional view of a further modification of the example body of FIGS. 2a and 2b that is difficult to flow around; FIG.
FIGS. 3a to 3f are cross-sectional views for exemplary partial areas of the body which are difficult to flow around, in particular its end partial area facing the outlet opening of the housing;
FIGS. 4a and 4b are schematic plan views in the flow direction of exemplary bodies which are difficult to flow around;

5 shows a perspective view of an exemplary spiral device with spiral-shaped elements which can be arranged at the beginning and / or at the end of the flow chamber in order to additionally mix the mass flow flowing through it; and

6 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an exemplary coupling of two supercavitation mixers according to the invention, such that their respective supercavitation fields are spatially superimposed.

In the figures, reference numeral 100 denotes one device each for mixing the components of a mass flow flowing through by means of a hydrodynamic supercavitation field, i.e. one Superposition of several cavitation fields. This The device according to the invention is described below Called super cavitation mixer 100.

Figures 1a and 1b only serve the essential properties of an inventive Super cavitation mixer 100 are illustrated but not otherwise to be understood as restrictive.

1a is a schematic cross-sectional view in FIG Longitudinal direction of a super cavitation mixer 100 according to an exemplary first embodiment of the Invention.

As can be seen in Fig. 1a, the invention comprises Super cavitation mixer 100 a housing 1, the one Has inlet opening 2 and an outlet opening 3. Through the entrance opening 2, part or all of the multicomponent mass flow to be mixed fed, typically by means of a pump device (Not shown). Through the exit opening 3 mixed mass flow then withdrawn. The ones to be mixed Components of the mass flow can be solid, liquid or be gaseous, that is, after treatment The mixed mass flow withdrawn is, for example, one Emulsion, a suspension, one with dissolved gas saturated liquid or other, essentially fluid mixtures or batches.

The housing 1 further includes one Flow chamber 4 and one therein by means of a holder 6 arranged difficult to flow around body 8. Die Bracket 6 is so in the case of the first embodiment designed and arranged by another Opening 5 in the housing 1 projects into the housing, such that the body 8 is difficult to flow around in the Flow chamber 4 is positioned.

In the embodiment shown schematically in Fig. 1a there is the flow chamber 4, which is difficult to flow around Body 8 and the bracket 6 each from one rotationally symmetrical bodies that are arranged that their axes of symmetry coincide, that is, are equal to the central axis of the flow chamber 4.

In particular, the holder 6 in FIG essentially from a hollow rod, i.e. assigns one cavity 63 passing therethrough with an inlet opening 61 and an outlet opening 62. Likewise, the difficult to flow around body 8 a central, through bore 83 along its central axis the associated inlet opening 81 and outlet opening 82. The outlet opening 62 of the rod or bracket 6 is with the inlet opening 81 of the body which is difficult to flow around connected, and the bracket 6 and the difficult to flow around Body 8 are so in the housing 1 or Flow chamber 4 arranged that their middle or Axes of symmetry coincide and the outlet end opening 82 of the body 8 of the exit opening which is difficult to flow around 3 of the housing 1 faces.

Under the direction of flow through the Flow chamber 4 flowing mass flows here and below always the mean or effective one Direction of through the flow chamber 4th understood mass flow flowing through. This means, averaging over turbulences and the like. Is the flow chamber 4 - as shown in Fig. 1a and 1b - rotationally symmetrical or essentially rotationally symmetrical, the flow direction is the same the direction of the axis of symmetry or central axis of the Flow chamber 4.

As shown in Fig. 1a or indicated, the difficult to flow around body 8 at least two difficult partial areas 80 around which there are flows a flow-through space 87 is located. The difficult Sub-areas 80 around which flow around each have a local effect Flow restriction in the flow chamber 4. Thus creates the body, which is difficult to flow around, when it moves from it mixing mass flow in the flow chamber 4 flows around, several cavitation fields, which are superimpose each other, and thus particularly in Flow direction behind the body 8, which is difficult to flow around form a super cavitation field.

2a is an enlarged schematic cross-sectional view in the longitudinal direction of the exemplary difficult to flow around body 8 of the exemplary first Embodiment of Fig. 1a shown.

With the exception of the last two - in the direction of flow seen - possessed areas 80 which are difficult to flow around the sub-regions 80 that are difficult to flow around in FIG. 2a the shape of a truncated cone to create cavitation fields produce. As can be seen in particular in FIG. 2a, the last two sub-areas 80 of the body 8 which is difficult to flow around (i.e. the two difficult sub-flow areas, difficult by all partial areas around the outlet opening 3 of the Housing 1 closest) for this purpose with its associated intermediate space 87 designed as a whole so that this whole has a cross section (which is perpendicular to the Central axis of the flow chamber 4 is taken), the or its surface in the direction of flow of the Flow chamber 4 seen mass flows flowing through steadily bigger first, then smaller and then bigger again becomes. In other words, the outer perimeter (the Circumferential line) of the end of the body 8 which is difficult to flow around according to the first embodiment has two local ones Minima and two local maxima. In addition, the last one Partial area 80 which is difficult to flow around here is a hollow one End region 84, in which also the above end outlet opening 82nd opens. The cross section of the hollow end region 84 or the cavity 84, which is perpendicular to the central axis of the Flow chamber is taken, is in the direction of flow of the flowing through the flow chamber 4 Mass flows are steadily increasing.

The truncated cones 80 are each one behind the other are arranged so that the area of their cross section, the perpendicular to the central axis of the flow chamber 4 is taken, becomes larger seen in the direction of flow. In other words, the (blunted) tip of everyone The truncated cone is the through the flow chamber 4th mass flow flowing through, while the Base of each truncated cone of the outlet opening 3 of the Housing is closest. This also applies to the last two sub-areas 80 in which it is difficult to flow around the first embodiment.

Furthermore, the truncated cones are designed and arranged that - seen in the direction of flow - everyone subsequent truncated cone a little further - in the vertical direction to the central axis of the flow chamber 4 - in the Current protrudes than the previous truncated cones. This applies analogously to the last two partial areas 80 which are difficult to flow around.

As shown in Fig. 1a, the flow chamber 4 in the first embodiment rotationally symmetrical, moving in the direction of flow gradually widening flow chamber section 41, whose cross-sectional area perpendicular to the central axis of the Flow chamber 4 is circular and in Flow direction increases steadily, and in which the difficult flowable body 8 is arranged such that it is a creates a highly effective super cavitation field.

As shown in Figure 1a, the Flow chamber 4 further at its beginning, that is at the end that the input opening 2 of the housing 1 at the next one is in the direction of flow narrowing flow chamber portion 42 to which the widening flow chamber section 41 adjoined. The cross-sectional area perpendicular to Central axis of the flow chamber 4 of the narrowing Flow chamber section 42 is circular and takes in Flow direction steadily, so that a flow restriction is provided and the formation of the Cavitation fields in the downstream area of the flow chamber 4 by means of the heavy arranged therein flowable body 8 is further optimized.

1b is a schematic cross-sectional view in FIG Longitudinal direction of a super cavitation mixer 100 according to an exemplary second embodiment of the Invention, which is a modification of the exemplary first embodiment of Fig. 1a. In particular, the second differs Embodiment of the invention from the first only by two modifications.

The first modification affects the hard flowable body 8, which in the second embodiment is designed so that each of its difficult to flow around Subareas 80, the shape of a truncated cone has, is formed as a partial body 10. Corresponding are the last two - seen in the direction of flow partial areas 80 of the first which are difficult to flow around Embodiment now as a single partial body 10 educated. The clearances 87 between the partial areas 80 which are difficult to flow around or Partial bodies 10 are by means of spacers 9th realized. As a whole, it is difficult to flow around Body 8 of the second embodiment in particular the same shape as that of the first embodiment. you see also Fig. 2b, which is an enlarged schematic cross-sectional view in the longitudinal direction of the exemplary body 8 which is difficult to flow around exemplary second embodiment of FIG. 1b represents, with the analog Fig. 2a.

The second modification concerns the flow chamber 4, which in the second embodiment additionally one Bulge 20 has. As shown in Fig. 1b, joins the expanding Flow chamber section 41 of the flow chamber 4 Area of the flow chamber, the one rotationally symmetrical bulge 20 in the wall of the Flow chamber 4 has along its circumference, wherein this bulge 20 partially in the end region of the body 8 is difficult to flow around. The through the Bulge 20 conditional enlargement of the cross section of the Flow chamber 4 in the direction of flow can have the cavitation effect and mixing effect of the super cavitation mixer 100 according to the second embodiment and optimize.

As a modification of the second embodiment - and also corresponding other embodiments, as in following can be discussed - the bulge 20 are also elsewhere, i.e. she can in Direction of flow also seen directly behind - or a little bit behind - the body, which is difficult to flow around 8, or it can also be completely in the range of body 8 which is difficult to flow around - for example, its Middle or its end around - be arranged.

It is further understood that the bulge 20 in a corresponding embodiment is not necessarily must be rotationally symmetrical, even if the Flow chamber 4 is rotationally symmetrical, as well the bulge 20 is not continuous or complete formed along the circumference of the flow chamber 4 have to be. Form and arrangement of a - or also several - bulges 20 results solely from the fact that the Cavitation effect and mixing effect of the invention Super cavitation mixer 100 reinforced and optimized becomes.

At this point it should be emphasized that every possible Embodiment of the invention Super cavitation mixer 100 is particularly notable for this characterized in that the cross section of the flow chamber 4, which is taken perpendicular to its central axis at least in a part of the area that is difficult surrounds body 8, in the flow direction of the mass flows flowing through the flow chamber 4 gets bigger. This expanding part of the Flow chamber 4 is essential for the generation of highly effective supercavitation field according to the invention, because the then difficult to flow around Body 8 caused cavitation fields one particularly get high cavitation or mixing effect, that means their superposition - the super cavitation field - is able to be a particularly homogeneous and special long-term stable mixing of the components by one Flow chamber 4 to flowing mass flows generate, compared to the previous state of the art Technology known mixtures, even for according to the prior art components that are difficult to mix in technology, and also without Additives that have a mixing effect (additives), as has been shown experimentally.

And this expanding part of the flow chamber 4 can generally be implemented so that the Flow chamber 4 according to the present invention as whole or only in a partial area or in several, not necessarily related sub-areas, the or the at least part of the difficult surrounded around body 8, is designed such that the cross section of the flow chamber 4 in this itself expanding part of the flow chamber 4 in Flow direction of the through the flow chamber 4th mass flow flowing through it becomes larger.

This widening part of the flow chamber 4 can, in particular, through a constantly expanding, rotationally symmetrical flow chamber section 41 as in Fig. 1a shown can be realized, or alone by a front portion of a bulge 20, or by a combination of two such areas 41 and 20 as shown in Fig. 1b. Others, not necessarily rotationally symmetrical or completely around the Flow chamber 4 around corresponding corresponding individual or distributed sub-areas of a Flow chamber 4, if all of them at least partly in the area of the body 8 which is difficult to flow around lie and their cross-section in the flow direction of the mass flow flowing through the flow chamber 4 is also suitable.

In the following, further modifications of the first and second described above Embodiments and their modifications described which are all realized independently of each other and can be combined and then one at a time further possible embodiment of the invention Supercavitation mixer 100 represent.

In contrast to the example in Fig. 1a and 1b schematically shown first and second embodiments neither the rotational symmetry of the Flow chamber 4 still that of the difficult to flow Body 8 still the holder 6 as well as their common rotationally symmetrical arrangement for everyone Embodiments of the invention may be given, but only insofar as this is for the generation of the corresponding Cavitation fields is required.

The body that is difficult to flow around produces when it is the mass flow to be mixed in the flow chamber 4 flows around, several cavitation fields, which are superimpose each other, and thus particularly in Flow direction behind the body 8, which is difficult to flow around form a super cavitation field. It should be noted that this super cavitation field - depending on the specific one Design of the body 8, which is difficult to flow around Flow chamber 4 and their relative arrangement to each other - also partially or completely around the heavy flows around body 8 extends.

The holder 6 for the body 8 which is difficult to flow around is so in the first and second embodiments designed (as a rod) and arranged so that it can an opening 5 in the housing 1 in the housing and the Flow chamber 4 protrudes. The bracket 6 can can be configured in principle as desired, for example as Toroidal device that spokes a wheel resembles, such that they are completely in the Flow chamber 4 of the housing 1 can be arranged for example on a portion of the inner wall of the Flow chamber 4, similar to that in DE-A-4433744.

Furthermore, although not shown in FIGS. 1a and 1b or not visible, the holder 6 can comprise a device or be connected to a device that is suitable for the body 8 which is difficult to flow around. alone or in connection with the bracket 6 - in Area of the flow chamber 4 along the direction of To move the central axis of the flow chamber. Consequently the body 8, which is difficult to flow around, can be relative as a whole in relation to the expanding part of the Flow chamber 4 (realized for example by a widening flow chamber section 41 and / or a bulge 20 of the flow chamber 4) shifted and be positioned such that the mixing effect of the body 8 difficult to flow around Super cavitation field can be optimally adjusted, both in terms of the type of components to be mixed as well as in relation to other process parameters and / or target parameters of the desired mixed mass flow.

A particularly simple setting or adjustment of the super cavitation field in this way can be achieved if part or all of the flow chamber 4 transparent, for example from the corresponding Plastic, is designed so that you can directly visual can check or make this setting.

As in connection with the first and second Discussed embodiment can be difficult to flow around Body 8 from a single piece or from a plurality of sub-bodies 10 which are difficult to flow around, which are arranged accordingly. It should be emphasized that this 'Disassembly' of the body 8 which is difficult to flow around can be made, provided only its overall shape is suitable - in conjunction with the corresponding designed flow chamber 4 - the invention To generate super cavitation field. In particular, everyone can difficult to flow around partial body 10 one or more of the difficult to flow around partial areas 80 of the difficult flow around body 8 include.

As shown in Fig. 2b, the individual Partial body 10 in each case by means of spacers 9 predetermined distance from each other along the central axis of the body 8 which is difficult to flow around. The flowable spaces 87 between the difficult to flow Subareas 80 or difficult to flow around Partial bodies 10 of a body 8 which is difficult to flow around can be set so individually that the Mixing effect of the generated super cavitation field can be strengthened or optimized.

The spacers 9 can be made of an elastic Material, such as plastic, exist, so that medium flowing through the flow chamber 4, the generated cavitation fields and the partial body 10 in have a feedback relationship such that the Partial body 10 are vibrated so that again the cavitation or mixing effect of the Cavitation fields is strengthened or optimized.

Another possibility in this context is for example, the partial body 10 of a heavy flowable body 8 each at the end of a hollow To attach or arrange the rod so that it is difficult flowable bodies by plugging them into each other of the individual rods, the cross section of each increases accordingly, can be realized, similar to in EP-A-0644271. Such as just described nested rods, each with a partial body 10 at its end can then be used independently are shifted along the direction of their central axis. In other words, each of the sub-bodies 10 one of such configured body 8 can flow around regardless of everyone else along the direction of Central axis of the flow chamber 4 are shifted.

In the example described last, the The entirety of the hollow rods represents the bracket 6 However, other configurations are also readily available to a person skilled in the art the difficult to flow around body 8 and Bracket 6, such that one of several partial bodies 10 existing body that is difficult to flow around 8 so is designed that at least one of its partial bodies 10 regardless of everyone else along the direction of Central axis of the flow chamber 4 can be moved.

As can be seen in FIGS. 1a, 1b, 2a and 2b, have the partial areas 80 which are difficult to flow around, or Partial body 10 which is difficult to flow around Body 8 typically has the shape of a truncated cone. But also related forms like the shape of a Truncated cone with wavy surface or shape a hemisphere are also suitable to To generate cavitation fields.

In general, each partial area that is difficult to flow around is 80 or difficult to flow around partial body 10 of a difficult flowable body 8 so designed that Cross section perpendicular to the central axis of the flow chamber is taken, at the end of the partial body 8, that of the inlet opening 2 of the flow chamber 4 on next is smaller than at the end of the Partial body, the exit opening 3 of the Flow chamber 4 is closest.

In the case of truncated cones or hemispheres means this is that these are arranged one behind the other are that the surface or the outer circumference of their Cross section that is perpendicular to the central axis of the Flow chamber 4 is taken in the direction of flow seen larger, as seen in Figures 1 and 2 is. In other words, the "top" of everyone The truncated cone or each hemisphere is through the mass flow flowing through the flow chamber 4 facing while the base of each truncated cone or each hemisphere of the exit opening 3 of the Housing is closest.

Example described in the previous paragraph the truncated cones or hemispheres can also - in Direction seen against the flow direction (from base) - be hollowed out, i.e. the shape of have hollow truncated cones or hollow hemispheres. This also applies in general, i.e. the subareas 80 or Partial body 10 can also all or partially in Direction seen against the flow direction be hollowed out.

It has proven to be beneficial for generating the Cavitation fields proved when the outermost edge of a Subarea 80 or a partial body 10, i.e. the Edge area from the central axis of the flow chamber 4 has the greatest distance and thus the extent of Flow restriction determined, in each direction perpendicular to the central axis of the flow chamber 4 somewhat extends further into the mass flow flowing through seen as the outermost edge of a flow partial area 80 or partial body 10 located in front of it. Figures 1 to 2 show corresponding subareas 80 or partial body 10 to which this applies. It understands however, that this is not general to everyone or all Partial areas 80 or partial body 10 of one difficult flowable body 8 must apply, provided that difficult flowable body 8 in its overall form still - in Connection with the appropriately designed Flow chamber 4 - the super cavitation field according to the invention can generate.

About the formation of the cavitation fields and their mixing effect Optimizing can be a difficult flow Partial area 80 or partial body 10 also configured in this way be that on one part of its surface one Has a plurality of surveys 88. These surveys 88 can take the form of small cone tips, for example or have a related form.

The partial area 80 or partial body 10 has the shape a hollow or full truncated cone, as in Fig. 3a shown schematically in cross section, and have the Elevations 88 in turn in the form of small cone tips, so it is advantageous if these cone tips are like this be oriented that their axes of symmetry are all parallel to each other and to the direction of flow through the Flow chamber 4 mass flows flowing through are oriented and that each cone tip that by the Flow chamber 4 facing mass flow flowing through is, as shown in Fig. 3a (in Fig. 3a corresponds to Flow direction from left to right).

Deviating from Fig. 3a, the small elevations 88 of course also oriented and / or designed differently be, also depending on the design of the Sub-areas 80 and sub-bodies 10 are advantageous for example, concentrically arranged, ring-like extending surveys 88 with a sharp upper Edge that through the flow chamber 4th mass flow flowing through it in whole or in part is facing.

Although in the embodiments according to FIGS. 1a and 1b the flow chamber 4 at its beginning, that is at the end that the input opening 2 of the housing 1 at the next one is in the direction of flow narrowing flow chamber portion 42 to the Formation of the cavitation fields in the following area the flow chamber 4 by means of the arranged therein to support body 8 which is difficult to flow around, it is it is clear that this is not necessarily the case. So can this section of the flow chamber 4 also cylindrical be or some other form, for example with constant Cross-section.

As in connection with the first and second Described embodiment, it has proven to be advantageous proven the end of the body 8, the is the name of the two areas 80 (plus the associated intermediate flowable Intermediate space 87) or the partial body 10, the or of all partial areas or partial bodies of the exit opening 3 of the housing 1 is closest, so to design that its cross section is perpendicular to the central axis the flow chamber 4 is taken in the direction of flow of the flowing through the flow chamber 4 Mass streams first seen larger and then smaller and then gets bigger again.

Examples of this configuration are in the figures 3b to 3f show the schematic cross-sectional views along the longitudinal direction or axis of symmetry of a rotationally symmetrical end portion or End part body of a body 8 which is difficult to flow around represent. As can be seen in FIGS. 3b to 3f, takes with this configuration of the difficult to flow Body 8, the surface or the outer circumference of the associated cross section in the figures from left to right right - which is the flow direction in FIGS. 1 to 3 of the flowing through the flow chamber 4 Mass flow is - from an initial value (local minimum value) starting steadily - not necessarily linear - up to a first local maximum value to, and then steadily down to a local minimum Cross-sectional value and from then on steadily up to a global maximum at the very end of the last one Partial area or partial body. It is understood that this cross-sectional behavior is independent of whether the body that is difficult to flow around is solid or one through hole 82 has, as in Figures 3c, 3e and 3f and shown in Figures 3b and 3d.

In general, the end of the difficult flow Body 8 be massive or flat - such as in 3e - or may generally have a hollow end portion 84 having the output opening 3 of the housing 1st facing, the cross section of this cavity, the perpendicular to the central axis of the flow chamber is taken in the direction of flow of the Flow chamber 4 flowing mass flow steadily becomes larger, for example in FIGS. 3b, 3c, 3d and 3f. In the case of FIGS. 3b, 3c, 3d and 3f each shown rotationally symmetrical end of the difficult flowable body 8, this means that the cross section of the cavity 84 which is perpendicular to the central axis of the Flow chamber is taken, the shape of a circle has, and that the area of these cross-sectional circles in Flow direction is getting bigger.

As shown in Fig. 3b and 3c, the hollow End region 84 can be designed so that each of its cross-sectional areas, which is taken lengthways and completely contains its axis of symmetry, a border line has in the direction of flow of the Flow chamber 4 seen mass flows flowing through is convex in the mathematical sense. Analog, and how shown in Fig. 3d and 3f, this border line in mathematically concave.

When designing the end of the hard flowable body according to Fig. 3f also note that here a part of its surface on part of its surface Elevations 88 are arranged, either in the form of small cone tips or in the form of concentric arranged, ring-like elevations with a sharp top edge.

Regardless of all previously discussed Refinements and modifications in relation to the difficult to flow around body 8 should be noted that a difficult to flow around section 80 or difficult partial body 10 which can flow around is neither rotationally symmetrical, still symmetrical in another sense, still continuous have to be. Similar to EP-A-644271, this can be difficult partial area 80 or partial body 10 in Recesses seen through the direction of flow exhibit. Figures 4a and 4b show examples of Subareas 80 or partial body 10 which are difficult to flow around, in Direction of flow seen, its cross section, perpendicular taken to the central axis of the flow chamber 4, the Area of a circle, minus several segments or circular sections 11 and / or minus several sectors or circular sections, more precisely circular rings, 12.

So that the body around 8 difficult to flow through The action of the cavitation fields is not itself damaged it is advantageous if it is at least partially consists of an elastic non-metallic material or at least partially an elastic one has non-metallic coating, for example a suitable plastic.

The body 8, which is difficult to flow around, and the holder 6 can generally be solid. But you can also generally with one passing through Cavity 83 and 63 designed and corresponding Openings 82 and 81 can be connected to each other so that part of the mass flow to be mixed does not have the Input opening 2 of the housing 1, but via a corresponding inlet opening 61 of the bracket 6 and a corresponding outlet end opening 82 of the difficult to flow Body 8 are inserted directly into the flow chamber can. This is particularly advantageous if it's so direct part of the to be introduced into the flow chamber mixing mass flow is gaseous and the other Part that via the input opening 2 of the housing 1st is introduced, is liquid.

For this purpose, the body 8 which is difficult to flow around naturally have more than one outlet opening 82 which depending on the desired mixing effect and Cavitation effect of the corresponding invention Super cavitation mixer 100 in a corresponding manner the entire body 8 is difficult to flow around to be ordered.

For example, in Fig. 2c is a difficult flow Body 8 shown, although from the outer Overall shape from that of the first or second Embodiment is the same, but also one through-going cavity 83 with a plurality of outlet openings has. One of these outlet openings is already in the Figures 1a and 1b shown central outlet end opening 82nd

Furthermore, the one shown in FIG. 2c has a difficult flow Body 8, which in principle is a further development of the 2b body 8 which is difficult to flow around, a cavity 83 therethrough with intermediate outlet openings 85, each in a partial surface area the body 8 is difficult to flow around, the the inner wall of the flow chamber 4 at least partially is facing and that between two neighboring partial areas 80 or difficult to flow around partial bodies 10 around which flow is difficult Body 8 is located.

Furthermore, the one shown in Fig. 2c is heavy body 8 around which a hollow space 83 passes with outlet side openings 86, each in a Partial surface area of the body 8 which is difficult to flow around located the inner wall of the flow chamber 4th is at least partially facing and which is in the Area of a sub-area 80 that is difficult to flow around or difficult to flow around body 10 of the difficult flowable body 8 is located.

It is understood that neither Outlet intermediate openings 85 still the outlet side openings 86 arranged symmetrically as shown in Fig. 2c Need to become. Likewise, it can be difficult flowable body 8 passing through cavity 83 only an outlet end opening 82 or only one or more Intermediate outlet openings 85 or only one or more Have outlet side openings 86. Or the one going through Cavity 83 has only one or more intermediate outlet openings 85 or just one or more Outlet side openings 86 on. Also, in any case, where an outlet end opening 82 is present, this also through correspondingly arranged several outlet end openings 82, which are at the end of the body 8 are located and the outlet opening 3 of the housing 1st are facing to be replaced.

Regardless of all previously described Embodiments and modifications thereof can be the supercavitation mixer according to the invention further an ultrasound device and / or laser device include the mixing action and / or cavitation optimize the entire device.

For this purpose, the body 8 which is difficult to flow around whole or in part directly exposed to ultrasound become. This displaces the difficult to flow around Body 8 as a whole and / or in corresponding Partial areas in vibrations. Regardless, you can also the mass flow flowing through at one suitable place in the flow chamber 4 - or at several positions or even in the whole Flow chamber 4 - apply ultrasound to for example turbulence, pressure waves, ultrasonic cavitation or to produce related effects that the support hydrodynamic cavitation or supplement and / or further positive influence on the Have mixing effect of the entire device. Of Furthermore, an ultrasonic device can flow around the difficult Bodies or parts of them also directly in ultrasonic vibrations move, as well as a suitable one Part of the flow chamber 4 or the entire Flow chamber 4 to the effects just described and to achieve positive effects or the like.

Analogously, a laser device can measure the mass flow or part of it in the flow chamber 4 with laser light act, for example, also cavitation to generate or support, for example also through local warming, which also affects the Flow direction and vortex formation can have an influence.

In all the previously discussed embodiments and Modifications thereof can also be made to the To support the mixing effect of the entire device Start and / or end of the flow chamber 4, that is, at the end that the input opening 2 of the housing 1 at next, and / or at the end that the Exit opening 3 of the housing 1 is closest, one helix device 90 each is provided, as shown schematically in Fig. 5 in a perspective View is outlined.

A spiral device 90 consists essentially of a plurality of elements 92 in the form of helices and from an outer wall 94 which is designed that the coil device 90 at the corresponding end of the Passage chamber 4 can be arranged and fixed, for example by means of a rubber seal 96 Outer wall 94 encloses one that passes through Cavity in which the variety of helical elements 92 are arranged. The helical elements 92 have an elongated, essentially flat or two-dimensional shape and run essentially in Direction of the flow direction through the Flow chamber 4 flowing mass flows are but so helical along this direction or helically twisted or twisted or bent, with, for example, part of its longitudinal edge are attached to the inner wall of the outer wall 94 that the mass flow flowing through into several partial flows is divided, which is also by the spiral Formation of the elements 92 each set in rotation become. This principle of mixing flows using helical devices is in the art well known.

Several supercavitation mixers 100 according to the invention, each in accordance with one of the previously described embodiments and modifications thereof, can be used together be combined or coupled such that the of each individual super cavitation mixer according to the invention 100 generated super cavitation field with that of all other super cavitation mixers 100 Supercavitation fields is superimposed. In one Device 200, as shown schematically in Fig. 6 in a Cross-sectional view based on two coupled Super cavitation mixers 100 can be illustrated by overlaying the multiple Super cavitation fields and their cavitation effects Mixing effect can be potentiated again.

In addition, such a device 200 has the advantage that a total mass flow is not through a single Device through a corresponding dimensioned pump must be pressed, but that this total current to be mixed towards the individual the super cavitation mixer belonging to the device 200 100 can be divided, so that each per Super cavitation mixer 100 just a much smaller one dimensioned pump is required. This increases the Effectiveness or energy use of the facility.

In the device 200 shown in FIG. 6, the individual super cavitation mixer 100 connected to one another in this way and coupled that their individual flow chambers 4 seamlessly into a subsequent common flow chamber 40 pass over. In other words, the exit openings 3 the housing 1 of the super cavitation mixer 100 is closed connected to a single common opening 30 or superimposed on the entrance opening of the common subsequent flow chamber 40 represents. In the area the entrance opening 30, that is, in the entrance area of the common flow chamber 40, then overlap the produced by each super cavitation mixer 100 Supercavitation. After exposure to the superimposed supercavitation fields becomes the entire mass flow flowing through the device 200 through the outlet opening 50 of the flow chamber 40 taken.

It should also be noted that in device 200 the individual Supercavitation fields advantageously symmetrical are superimposed on each other, that is, each other equivalent spatial areas of each Super cavitation fields are superimposed on one another. These are the areas of the strongest or optimal Cavitation effect of every super cavitation field, see above the effect of the overlay increases optimal. However, this symmetrical type of Overlay can also be abandoned if this causes a better mixing effect or other desired effects can or should be achieved.

A device analogous to device 200 above, in which several super cavitation fields are superimposed, is also with those disclosed in DE-A-4433744 Super cavitation mixers possible.

In all the embodiments and described so far Modifications of it should be noted that the by a super cavitation mixer 100 according to the invention mass flow passed through after its removal from the Exit opening 3 of the housing 1 (or Output opening 50 of the flow chamber 40) partially or can be completely returned - via the entrance opening 2 of the housing 1 and / or the corresponding inlet opening 61 of the bracket 6 - so again partially or as whole thing to be treated. Of course, this applies analogously also for the device 200 in which several Super cavitation mixers are coupled.

Finally, it should be emphasized again that all configurations of the body 8, in which it is difficult to flow around consists of several individual parts, including corresponding ones Way can be realized so that the difficult flowable body consists of one piece. It goes only an independent relative, if any Mobility of individual parts lost.

In summary, an invention Device 100 for mixing the components of a mass flows flowing through a particularly homogeneous and extremely stable mixture of any length, even if not or only according to the state of the art difficult to mix components, and also without the use of additives (additives, Emulsifiers, etc.) to support the mixing effect. The Device 100 has one in a flow chamber 4 arranged difficult to flow around body 8, the at least partially in one direction of flow widening part of the flow chamber 4 is arranged, so that the cavitation and mixing action of the of the supercavitation field which is difficult to flow around is significantly strengthened and optimized.

Claims (29)

1. Device (100) for mixing the components of a mass flow flowing through it, in which the components may in particular be in solid, liquid or gas form, by means of a hydrodynamic supercavitation field, in order to generate a mixture, in particular an emulsion or suspension, having
   a housing (1), which has an entry opening (2) for supplying at least part of the mass flow which is to be mixed and an exit opening (3), for removing the mass flow;
   the housing (1) having a through-flow chamber (4) with a body (8), which it is difficult for medium to flow around, arranged therein by means of a holder (6), and
   the body (8) which it is difficult for medium to flow around having at least two subregions (80; 10) which it is difficult for medium to flow around and which are each responsible for local constriction of the flow, characterized in that the through-flow chamber (4), at its start, has a through-flow chamber section (42) which narrows in the direction of flow, and
   in that the internal diameter of the through-flow chamber (4), following the narrowing through-flow chamber section (42), at least in the region which surrounds the body (8) which it is difficult for medium to flow around, increases in the direction of flow of the mass flow flowing through the through-flow chamber (4).
2. The device (100) as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the body (8) which it is difficult for medium to flow around can be displaced along the direction of the center axis of the through-flow chamber (4).
3. The device (100) as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the subregions (80; 10), which it is difficult for medium to flow around, of the body (8) which it is difficult for medium to flow around are produced by means of a plurality of part-bodies (10) which it is difficult for medium to flow around.
4. The device (100) as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that at least one of the part-bodies (10) can be displaced, independently of all the others (10), along the direction of the center axis of the through-flow chamber (4).
5. The device (100) as claimed in one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that at least one of the subregions (80; 10) which it is difficult for medium to flow around is designed in such a way that its cross section, taken perpendicular to the center axis of the through-flow chamber (4) is smaller at the end of the part-body which lies closest to the entry opening (2) than at the end which lies closest to the exit opening (3).
6. The device (100) as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that at least one of the subregions (80; 10) which it is difficult for medium to flow around, is designed as a truncated cone or as a hemisphere.
7. The device (100) as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that at least one of the subregions (80; 10) which it is difficult for medium to flow around, is designed as a hollow truncated cone or as a hollow hemisphere.
8. The device (100) as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that at least one of the subregions (80; 10) which it is difficult for medium to flow around, is designed in such a way that it has a multiplicity of small elevations (88) at least in a surface subregion.
9. The device (100) as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that at least one of the subregions (80; 10) which it is difficult for medium to flow around is designed as a truncated cone with a multiplicity of small elevations (88), the small elevations each being in the form of a cone point, and the surface subregion and the arrangement of the small cone points being characterized in that the axes of symmetry of the cone points are all parallel to one another and to the direction of flow of the mass flow flowing through the through-flow chamber (4), and in that each cone point faces the mass flow flowing through the through-flow chamber (4).
10. The device (100) as claimed in one of claims 3 to 9, characterized in that the subregion (80; 10) which it is difficult for medium to flow around lying closest of all the subregions (80; 10) to the exit opening (3) is designed in such a way that its cross section, taken perpendicular to the center axis of the through-flow chamber (4), as seen in the direction of flow of the mass flow flowing through the through-flow chamber (4), initially increases in size and then becomes smaller and then larger again.
11. The device (100) as claimed in claim 10, characterized in that the subregion (80; 10) which it is difficult for medium to flow around lying closest of all the subregions (80; 10) to the exit opening (3) has a hollow end region (84) which faces the exit opening (3), the cross section of this hollow space (84), taken perpendicular to the center axis of the through-flow chamber (4), increasing in the direction of flow of the mass flow flowing through the through-flow chamber (4).
12. The device (100) as claimed in claim 11, characterized in that the hollow end region (84) is rotationally symmetrical, and its axis of symmetry lies parallel to the center axis of the through-flow chamber (4).
13. The device (100) as claimed in claim 12, characterized in that each cross-sectional area of the hollow end region (84) which completely includes the axis of symmetry of this region has an edge line which runs convexly, as seen in the direction of flow of the mass flow flowing through the through-flow chamber (4).
14. The device (100) as claimed in claim 12, characterized in that each cross-sectional area of the hollow end region (84) which completely includes the axis of symmetry of this region has an edge line which runs concavely, as seen in the direction of flow of the mass flow flowing through the through-flow chamber (4).
15. The device (100) as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the through-flow chamber (4) is at least partially rotationally symmetrical, its center axis being the axis of symmetry, and
    the body (8) which it is difficult for medium to flow around is arranged in such a way that its center axis coincides with the center axis of the through-flow chamber (4).
16. The device (100) as claimed in claim 15, characterized in that the through-flow chamber (4), in its rotationally symmetrical part, has at least one bulge (20) in its wall along its circumference.
17. The device (100) as claimed in claim 16, characterized in that the body (8) which it is difficult for medium to flow around is arranged in such a way that at least one bulge (20) lies at least partially in the region of the body (8) which it is difficult for medium to flow around.
18. The device (100) as claimed in claim 16, characterized in that the body (8) which it is difficult for medium to flow around is arranged in such a way that at least one bulge (20), as seen in the direction of flow of the mass flow flowing through the through-flow chamber (4), lies immediately behind the body (8) which it is difficult for medium to flow around.
19. The device (100) as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the body (8) which it is difficult for medium to flow around at least partially comprises an elastic, nonmetallic material.
20. The device (100) as claimed in one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the body (8) which it is difficult for medium to flow around at least in part has an elastic, nonmetallic covering.
21. The device (100) as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that
    the body (8) which it is difficult for medium to flow around has a hollow space (83) which passes all the way through it and has an inlet opening (81), which is located at that end of the body (8) which it is difficult for medium to flow around which lies closest to the entry opening (2) of the housing (1), the hollow space (83) which passes all the way through the body (8) which it is difficult for medium to flow around having at least one outlet opening (82, 85, 86),
    the holder (6) having a hollow space (63) which passes all the way through it and has an inlet opening (61) and an outlet opening (62), the latter being connected to the inlet opening (81) of the body (8) which it is difficult for medium to flow around; and
    the holder (6) and the body (8) which it is difficult for medium to flow around being connected to one another and arranged in the housing (1) in such a way that, by means of an opening (5) in the housing (1) and via the inlet opening (61) of the holder (6), part of the mass flow which is to be mixed can be introduced into the through-flow chamber (4) via the at least one outlet opening (82, 85, 86) of the body (8) which it is difficult for medium to flow around.
22. The device (100) as claimed in claim 21, characterized in that the holder (6) comprises a hollow bar which projects through the opening (5) in the housing (1), along the center axis of the through-flow chamber (4) and into the latter.
23. The device (100) as claimed in claim 21 or 22, characterized in that the hollow space which passes all the way through the body (8) which it is difficult for medium to flow around is designed in such a way that it has an outlet opening (82) which is located at that end of the body (8) which it is difficult for medium to flow around which lies closest to the exit opening (3) of the housing (1).
24. The device (100) as claimed in one of claims 21, 22 or 23, characterized in that the hollow space which passes all the way through the body (8) which it is difficult for medium to flow around is designed in such a way that it has at least one outlet opening (85) ,
    which is located in a surface subregion of the body (8) which it is difficult for medium to flow around which at least partially faces the inner wall of the through-flow chamber (4), and
    which is located between two adjacent subregions (80; 10) which it is difficult for medium to flow around.
25. The device (100) as claimed in one of claims 21, 22, 23 or 24, characterized in that the hollow space which passes all the way through the body (8) which it is difficult for medium to flow around is designed in such a way that it has at least one outlet opening (86),
    which is located in a surface subregion of the body (8) which it is difficult for medium to flow around which at least partially faces the inner wall of the through-flow chamber (4), and
    which is located in the region of a subregion (80; 10) which it is difficult for medium to flow around.
26. The device (100) as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that furthermore there is a means for applying ultrasound to the body (8) which it is difficult for medium to flow around and/or to the mass flow at at least one location in the through-flow chamber (4).
27. The device (100) as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that furthermore there is a means for setting the body (8) which it is difficult for medium to flow around and/or part of the through-flow chamber (4) in ultrasonic vibration.
28. The device (100) as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that furthermore there is a means for applying laser light to the mass flow in the through-flow chamber (4).
29. Means (200) for mixing the components of a mass flow flowing through it, in which the components may in particular be in solid, liquid or gas form, by superimposing at least two hydrodynamic supercavitation fields, in order to generate a mixture, in particular an emulsion or suspension,
    characterized in that
    the means (200) has at least two devices (100) as claimed in one of claims 1 to 28, and a subsequent common through-flow chamber (40),
    the devices (100) being arranged and designed in such a way that their exit openings (3) all connect to the entry opening (30) of the subsequent common through-flow chamber (40), in such a manner that the supercavitation fields generated by the bodies (8) which it is difficult for medium to flow around spatially overlap in the entry region of the common through-flow chamber (40).

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