EP1280118B1 - Verfahren zur Feststellung von Strassenverkehrszuständen - Google Patents
Verfahren zur Feststellung von Strassenverkehrszuständen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1280118B1 EP1280118B1 EP01118029A EP01118029A EP1280118B1 EP 1280118 B1 EP1280118 B1 EP 1280118B1 EP 01118029 A EP01118029 A EP 01118029A EP 01118029 A EP01118029 A EP 01118029A EP 1280118 B1 EP1280118 B1 EP 1280118B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- generated
- method step
- traffic
- feature
- noise
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
- G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
- G08G1/01—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled
- G08G1/0104—Measuring and analyzing of parameters relative to traffic conditions
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
- G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
- G08G1/01—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled
- G08G1/04—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled using optical or ultrasonic detectors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of detection of road traffic conditions from ambient noise a street according to the preamble of claim 1.
- EP 0 789 341 A1 (and EP 0 789 341 B1) describes an autonomous vehicle Detection of traffic congestion revealed at the individual Vehicles are provided with a device that the Vehicle speed recorded continuously, this Assigns speed to specified speed classes and an integral with the assigned speed classes form over time, its value to form a backlog is used. Together with the location of the vehicle is the storage volume e.g. via GSM to a data collection point transfer.
- WO 01/35372 contains an example of a stationary solution Video surveillance system described using so-called Pattern recognition on the license plates of two different cars Digits recorded and by comparing the times a traffic condition is detected and a monitoring point or reports to the police.
- EP 1 056 063 A1 (Siemens Buch AG) describes a method for Determination of the traffic condition of a traffic segment discloses a model having a Kalman filter underlying. The procedure is not of a particular kind the measurement of traffic volumes.
- a so-called microphone array is set up and the analysis of the geographically different usually mostly based on microphones arranged at different heights make a statement about the exact source of noise on a train or locomotive and allowed the path of expansion.
- Such a system for the detection of road traffic is with regard to the arrangement along a street, e.g. in the Distance of 2 - 3 km with an unsustainable effort connected.
- the present invention is therefore based on the object specify a procedure that allows the state of traffic to automatically detect a section of a road that an already existing infrastructure can be used.
- the method according to the invention for recording traffic conditions requires on site, i.e. on the street none additional infrastructure because existing microphones e.g. used by the emergency pillars can be.
- no microphone arrays needed, and the inventive monophonic process can easily be provided on a computer with any additional digital signal processors are implemented and in a traffic control and / or traffic information system be involved.
- FIG. 1 The used by the inventive method and in all The infrastructure that is already present is shown in FIG. 1.
- This control center has an evaluation unit that based on predefined settings or as required by intervention of an official contained in the emergency pillars Microphones activated.
- the disposition of such emergency pillars is mostly individual, i.e. the distance and the relative position to the at least one lane is dependent local conditions and, depending on the country, legal requirements Requirements.
- an emergency call column is arranged in the same position (not shown in Fig. 1).
- the microphone is arranged in the direction of travel r '' is possible also a disposition of the reception cone orthogonal to the lane 2 ', 2' 'or against the direction of travel r'.
- the microphones of the individual emergency call pillars can be of the mentioned Central can be activated or deactivated.
- a central evaluation unit the different Emergency telephones and the microphones contained therein activated and during a previously configured, i.e. adjustable interval during an also adjustable Duration activated and absorbs the ambient noise and as a so-called noise pattern to the central evaluation unit transmitted.
- FIG. 3 shows an overview of the various process steps of the inventive method with the in a Evaluation unit implemented blocks 31, 32, 33 and 34.
- the ambient noise is contained in the emergency column 3 Microphone 6 added.
- This microphone 6 is through the evaluation unit mentioned is activated, for example the ambient noise is periodically during an interval of e.g. 60 s recorded by the microphone and as noise pattern A1 (also called frame) transmitted to the evaluation unit.
- the For example, periodicity is 15 minutes.
- These samples are preferably digital Form here with a resolution of e.g. 16 bit.
- the digital audio signals of the aforementioned three bands are then subjected to smoothing in units 413, 423 and 433, and undersampling in units 414, 424 and 434 results in a reduction in the number of samples without loss of information , this last statement is based on the Shannon-Whittaker theorem.
- the signals generated by the units 414, 424 and 434 are designated S1, S2 and S3, the signal S1 standing for the frequency band up to 200 Hz and S2 and S3 correspondingly in the order for the other two frequency bands mentioned above.
- the number 60 refers to the expansion from 1 s to one minute.
- the signals S1, S2, S3 themselves represent a level which corresponds to the sound pressure, which, apart from a scaling, has the unit [N / m 2 ].
- a feature extraction takes place, which is shown in more detail in FIG. 5 with the units 51, 52, 53.
- the ripple of the power is determined from signal S2 by differentiation according to time t, the amount being derived from the derivative. It would also be possible to square the derivative instead of the amount.
- the ripple determined in this way can be used as a feature M1 for the traffic conditions Z1 "moderate traffic” and Z3 "heavy traffic" to distinguish the condition Z4 "traffic jam".
- the signals S1 and S2 are subjected to a spectral performance comparison by the unit 52: based on extensive measurements, it has been shown that the quotient listed below is somewhat constant in the traffic condition Z4 traffic jam and can therefore be used as a feature M2 for the traffic condition Z4: average power P in the band 200 - 2000 Hz average power P in the band up to 200 Hz
- a power peak is determined from signal S3.
- the characteristic M3 obtained in this way is suitable for the Determination of the traffic conditions Z1, Z2 and Z3.
- Z (t) ⁇ M1, M2, M3 ⁇ ⁇ Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4 ⁇ .
- Z (t) is referred to as the status indicator and assigns the feature triples ⁇ M1, M2, M3 ⁇ determined in block 33 to a road traffic condition from the image area Z1, Z2, Z3 Z4.
- This mapping takes place on the basis of previously stored characteristic values and characteristic value ranges from the respective value range of M1, M2 and M3. Since the road traffic state is discrete in order of time or continuous, the aforementioned figure Z (t) contains a state machine (also called a state machine) according to FIG. 6. This ensures that the state indicator is only one after the other in the sense of Order of neighboring states Z (t) and Z (t + ⁇ t) is generated.
- the above illustration must be seen as:
- each emergency call point points directly an evaluation unit of the aforementioned type on and transmits the traffic condition indicator Z (t) to one superordinate surveillance body.
Description
- Z1
- Sporadischer Verkehr
- Z2
- Mässiger Verkehr
- Z3
- Dichter Verkehr
- Z4
- Stau / "Stop and Go"
im Verfahrensschritt C für drei im hörbaren Bereich liegende Frequenzbänder ein zweites Merkmal (M2) generiert wird, das aus dem Quotienten der mittleren Leistung im mittleren Band und der mittleren Leistung im unteren Band gebildet wird;
erfordert die Generierung des zweiten Merkmals keine grosse Rechenkapazität (Patentanspruch 6).
die Verkehrszustände geordnet sind und dass aus den im Verfahrensschritt B generierten Merkmalen zu einem unmittelbar vorangehend erzeugten Verkehrszustandsindikator im Verfahrensschritt D nur ein benachbarter Verkehrszustandsindikator erzeugt wird; ist das Verfahren gegenüber akustischen Störeinflüssen robust (Patentanspruch 8).
- Figur 1
- Disposition an einer richtungsgetrennten Strasse mit einer Notrufsäule;
- Figur 2
- Vergrösserte Aufsicht einer Notrufsäule in der Disposition gemäss Figur 1;
- Figur 3
- Ablauf des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens in der Uebersicht;
- Figur 4
- Funktionseinheiten zur Vorverarbeitung;
- Figur 5
- Signalfluss für die Merkmalsextraktion;
- Figur 6
- Zustandsdiagramm mit zulässigen Zustandsübergängen.
Symbol | Bezeichnung | Beschreibung, Quantifizierung |
Z1 | Sporadischer Verkehr | Fluss J mit J < 15 [Fz/min] |
Z2 | Mässiger Verkehr | 15 < J < 35 [Fz/min] |
Z3 | Dichter Verkehr | J > 35 [Fz/min] |
Z4 | Stau / "Stop and Go" | Dichte D hoch [Fz/100 m] und v < 15 [km/h] |
- F1
- Tiefpass : bis 200 Hz;
- F2
- Bandpass : 200 - 2000 Hz;
- F3
- Hochpass : 2000 - 4000 Hz.
Z(t) wird als Zustandsindikator bezeichnet und ordnet den im Block 33 ermittelten Merkmalstripeln {M1, M2,M3} einen Strassenverkehrszustand aus dem Bildbereich Z1, Z2, Z3 Z4 zu. Diese Abbildung erfolgt aufgrund vorgängig gespeicherter Merkmalswerte und Merkmalswertebereiche aus dem jeweiligen Wertebereich von M1, M2 und M3. Da der Strassenverkehrszustand zwar diskret jedoch in der zeitlichen Abfolge geordnet bzw. stetig ist, beinhaltet die vorgenannte Abbildung Z(t) eine Zustandsmaschine (auch Zustandsautomat genannt) gemäss der Fig. 6. Dadurch wird erreicht, dass der Zustandsindikator zeitlich hintereinander nur im Sinne der Ordnung benachbarter Zustände Z(t) und Z(t+Δt) generiert. In diesem Kontext muss die vorgenannte Abbildung nach einer erfolgten Initialisierung gesehen werden als:
- 1
- Mittelstreifen
- 2', 2''
- Fahrstreifen
- 3
- Notrufsäule
- 4
- Zugangsbereich zur Notrufsäule 3
- 5
- Fahrende Fahrzeuge
- 6
- in Notrufsäule eingelassenes Mikrofon 6
- 7
- Blinklicht
- 31
- Signalgewinnung und Signalwandlung
- 32
- Vorverarbeitung
- 33
- Merkmalsextraktion
- 34
- Klassierung der Merkmale und Zuordnung zu Verkehrzuständen
- 411
- Tiefpass
- 421
- Bandpass
- 431
- Hochpass
- 412, 422, 432
- Leistungsermittlung
- 413, 423, 433
- Glättung "Smoothing"
- 414, 424, 434
- Abtastwert-Reduktion
- 51
- Bestimmung der Welligkeit der Leistung
- 52
- Spektraler Leistungsvergleich
- 53
- Leistungsspitzenbestimmung
- A1
- Lärmmuster, Frame, Audiosignal analog
- A1'
- 60x8000 Abtastwerte von A1, Audiosignal digital
- d
- momentaner Weg des Schalls zum Mikrofon 6
- F1, F2, F3
- Disjunkte und geordnete Frequenzbänder
- M1, M2, M3
- aus den Signalen S1, S2, S3 extrahierte Merkmale
- r', r "
- für die Fahrstreifen 2', 2'' vorgesehene Fahrrichtungen
- S1, S2, S3
- Signal in verschiedenen Frequenzbändern
- Z (t)
- Verkehrszustandsindikator
- Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4
- Verkehrszustände, Ausprägungen von Z(t)
Claims (8)
- Verfahren zur Feststellung von Strassenverkehrszuständen, bei dem Umgebungslärm von einem an einer Strasse (2', 2'') angeordneten Mikrofon (6) aufgenommen und als ein Lärmmuster (A1) an eine Auswerteeinheit übertragen wird;
gekennzeichnet durch die Verfahrensschritte:A in der Auswerteeinheit werden aus dem Lärmmuster (A1) mehrere Abtastwerte (A1') generiert (31);B aus den im Verfahrensschritt A generierten Abtastwerten (A1') werden Signale (S1, S2, S3) erzeugt, die einen Pegel aus verschiedenen Frequenzbändern (F1, F2, F3) repräsentieren (32);C aus den im Verfahrensschritt B erzeugten Signalen (S1, S2, S3) werden durch eine Analyse im Frequenz- oder im Zeitbereich Merkmale (M1, M2, M3) generiert (33);D aus den im Verfahrensschritt C generierten Merkmalen (M1, M2, M3) wird aufgrund einer gespeicherten Zuordnung von Merkmalswertebereichen zu Verkehrszuständen (Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4) ein Verkehrszustandsindikator ( Z(t) ) erzeugt (34). - Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
das Lärmmuster (A1) in einem einstellbaren Zeitintervall während einer einstellbaren Dauer aus dem Umgebungslärm von dem Mikrofon (6) aufgenommen wird. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
im Verfahrensschritt B ein erstes, zweites und drittes Signal (S1, S2, S3) generiert wird, das je einem bestimmten Frequenzband des Lärmmusters (A1) entstammt. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
ein erstes Merkmal (M1) generiert wird, das die Welligkeit des im Verfahrensschritt B generierten zweiten Signals (S2) repräsentiert. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 3 oder 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
im Verfahrensschritt B die Signale (S1, S2, S3) die Leistung repräsentieren. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
im Verfahrensschritt C für drei im hörbaren Bereich liegende Frequenzbänder (F1, F2, F3) ein zweites Merkmal (M2) generiert wird, das aus dem Quotienten der mittleren Leistung im mittleren Band (F2) und der mittleren Leistung im unteren Band (F1) gebildet wird. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 5 oder 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
im Verfahrensschritt C ein drittes Merkmal (M3) generiert wird, das Leistungsspitzen repräsentiert. - Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die Verkehrszustände (Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4) geordnet sind und dass aus den im Verfahrensschritt C generierten Merkmalen (M1, M2, M3) zu einem unmittelbar vorangehend erzeugten Verkehrszustandsindikator ( z(t) im Verfahrensschritt D nur ein benachbarter Verkehrszustandsindikator ( Z(t+Δt) ) erzeugt wird.
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT01118029T ATE277392T1 (de) | 2001-07-25 | 2001-07-25 | Verfahren zur feststellung von strassenverkehrszuständen |
EP01118029A EP1280118B1 (de) | 2001-07-25 | 2001-07-25 | Verfahren zur Feststellung von Strassenverkehrszuständen |
DE50103768T DE50103768D1 (de) | 2001-07-25 | 2001-07-25 | Verfahren zur Feststellung von Strassenverkehrszuständen |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP01118029A EP1280118B1 (de) | 2001-07-25 | 2001-07-25 | Verfahren zur Feststellung von Strassenverkehrszuständen |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1280118A1 EP1280118A1 (de) | 2003-01-29 |
EP1280118B1 true EP1280118B1 (de) | 2004-09-22 |
Family
ID=8178134
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP01118029A Expired - Lifetime EP1280118B1 (de) | 2001-07-25 | 2001-07-25 | Verfahren zur Feststellung von Strassenverkehrszuständen |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1280118B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE277392T1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE50103768D1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2004100103A1 (en) * | 2003-05-07 | 2004-11-18 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Event detection system |
FR2875324A1 (fr) * | 2004-09-13 | 2006-03-17 | Parifex | Systeme de detection de passage et de comptage de vehicules a moteur |
EP2704120A1 (de) * | 2012-08-29 | 2014-03-05 | Siemens Convergence Creators GmbH | Verfahren zur Ermittlung von Verkehrsinformationen |
DE102012110949A1 (de) * | 2012-11-14 | 2014-05-15 | Wolfsburg Ag | Fahrzeuginformationseinrichtung, Fahrzeugkommunikationseinheit sowie Verfahren zur Übertragung von für den Straßenverkehr in einem räumlichen Gebiet nützlichen Informationen |
DE102014017604B4 (de) | 2014-11-27 | 2016-07-14 | Audi Ag | Verfahren zum Ermitteln einer Lärmbelastung eines Streckenabschnitts |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6195608B1 (en) * | 1993-05-28 | 2001-02-27 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Acoustic highway monitor |
US5778332A (en) * | 1995-11-17 | 1998-07-07 | J-Squared, Llc | Electronic nervous system for a roadway and method |
US5878367A (en) * | 1996-06-28 | 1999-03-02 | Northrop Grumman Corporation | Passive acoustic traffic monitoring system |
US5717391A (en) * | 1997-02-13 | 1998-02-10 | Rodriguez; Otto M. | Traffic event recording method and apparatus |
EP1056063B1 (de) * | 1999-05-17 | 2007-06-06 | Siemens Schweiz AG | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Emittlung des Verkehrszustandes eines Verkehrsabschnittes |
-
2001
- 2001-07-25 DE DE50103768T patent/DE50103768D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-07-25 EP EP01118029A patent/EP1280118B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-07-25 AT AT01118029T patent/ATE277392T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE277392T1 (de) | 2004-10-15 |
EP1280118A1 (de) | 2003-01-29 |
DE50103768D1 (de) | 2004-10-28 |
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