EP1272418B1 - Emergency power supply device for lift systems - Google Patents

Emergency power supply device for lift systems Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1272418B1
EP1272418B1 EP01911324A EP01911324A EP1272418B1 EP 1272418 B1 EP1272418 B1 EP 1272418B1 EP 01911324 A EP01911324 A EP 01911324A EP 01911324 A EP01911324 A EP 01911324A EP 1272418 B1 EP1272418 B1 EP 1272418B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
energy
lift
storage unit
energy storage
mains
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1272418A1 (en
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Thomas Eilinger
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Inventio AG
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Inventio AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
    • B66B5/02—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
    • B66B5/02—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions
    • B66B5/027—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions to permit passengers to leave an elevator car in case of failure, e.g. moving the car to a reference floor or unlocking the door

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an emergency power supply device of an elevator system with electric motor drive, which has an energy storage unit for electrical energy, which bridges short-term mains voltage drops or interruptions and ensures the execution of an evacuation drive in case of failure of the mains supply during an elevator travel by all the evacuation travel involved electrical components of the elevator system at least as long as supplied with energy until the elevator car has reached a floor level.
  • Passenger and goods lifts are usually driven by electric motors.
  • a rotary motor acts directly or via a transmission gear on a traction sheave, which drives suspension cables, on the one hand carry the car and on the other hand, a balance weight and move.
  • a rotary motor drives a hydraulic pump, which actuates the piston rod (s) of one or more hydraulic cylinders essentially via a hydraulic fluid, which drives the car directly or via cable drives.
  • the car or its balance weight connected by carrying ropes is moved up and down by means of a linear motor.
  • control of the car speed usually takes place via a regulated change in the frequency of the three-phase current supplied to the drive three-phase motor.
  • a part of the elevator systems is equipped with emergency power supply devices. These contain an energy storage unit, with the stored energy of the drive is able to carry the elevator at least to the nearest floor and to keep the elevator relevant systems in operation.
  • Electrochemical batteries have a relatively low power density (about 300 W / kg) and must be sized for the application described in a high-performance elevator so large that its mass reaches several hundred kilograms. In systems where a battery often has to provide such services, its life is drastically reduced.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a device for the emergency power supply of elevator systems of the type described above, which avoids the disadvantages mentioned.
  • this should be able to reliably reliable in case of relatively frequent failures of the power supply and short-term mains voltage waste or interruptions, the required for an uninterrupted drive of the elevator at normal speed to at least the next floor required high electrical power for drive and control to deliver.
  • After use of the emergency power supply device it should be ready for operation again within a few seconds after restoration of the mains supply.
  • Their service life should be a multiple of the service life of electrochemically acting accumulators under the same load conditions.
  • a device for the emergency power supply of elevator systems with electric motor drives to an energy storage unit for electrical energy and is characterized in that this energy storage unit contains capacitors in the form of supercapacitors.
  • a method for emergency power supply of elevator systems with electric motor drives is characterized in that at least part of the emergency power supply energy is stored in storage media in the form of supercapacities.
  • the invention is based on the idea to use novel capacitors, so-called supercapacitors, instead of or in combination with accumulators as energy storage, wherein usually an arrangement of several super capacitors in series connection is used, the total capacity of several farads at voltages of up to several hundred Volt has.
  • supercapacitors are double-layer capacitors whose electrodes are coated with active carbon and therefore have effective surface areas of several thousand square meters per gram of carbon with minimal nanometer spacing separating the two electrodes. These properties result in the extremely high capacity of this commercially available energy storage.
  • an energy storage unit which contains exclusively supercapacities as the storage medium.
  • an energy storage unit which comprises a combination of supercapacities with electrochemically acting Accumulators (secondary elements), since the latter have a higher energy density (Wh / kg) compared to supercapacitors, ie at the same weight have a higher storage capacity.
  • the mentioned conditions of use occur, for example, in elevators, where so-called lobby elevators do not serve a stop over a large number of storey distances, or in elevators in lookout towers which approach only one or two stops at a great height.
  • the device according to the invention can be used in combination with frequency converter-controlled drives.
  • Their frequency converter consists essentially of a mains converter, a DC link with smoothing capacitor, and an inverter with control generator, which inverter feeds the drive motor with varying frequency and thus determines its speed.
  • the DC link is usually equipped with a brake module.
  • the device according to the invention which contains an energy storage unit from supercapacities or from a combination of such with accumulators, picks up energy from the mentioned DC intermediate circuit and outputs it, if necessary, i. H.
  • a regulating and control unit referred to as a power flow regulator, provides for a required adaptation of the DC voltage level between the energy storage unit and the intermediate circuit and regulates the energy exchange between this energy storage unit and the intermediate circuit of the frequency converter.
  • a particular advantage of the combination of the inventive device with a frequency converter as a drive controller results from the fact that the control of the elevator system during normal operation, as well as in emergency operation, can be fed from the DC voltage intermediate circuit of the frequency. This ensures a completely uninterruptible power supply of the elevator control during the transition from normal operation to emergency operation and in addition, the usual power supply for the control can be saved.
  • a single device according to the invention is used as an emergency power supply device for the entire group of elevators, each drive motor being fed by a corresponding inverter from a common DC voltage intermediate circuit. Since on the one hand in a multiple system never all elevator drives are simultaneously in operation and loaded with positive full load and on the other hand, the drive motors of conventional lifts with counterweight when traveling with less than half the payload even in a position to recuperation braking energy in the common DC link, the required capacity of the energy storage unit can be reduced to a fraction of the sum of all capacities that would be required for individual emergency power supplies for all hoists of the group.
  • the energy storage unit and the power flow controller are designed so that the emergency power supply device according to the invention serves not only to carry out an evacuation drive in the event of mains supply failure and bridging mains voltage drops and interruptions, but in the Normal operation causes a reduction of the connection power required for the system. This happens because the energy storage unit absorbs energy during downtime of the elevator and in phases of low drive load and these fed back at peak load and in phases of above average load back into the drive circuit, the energy flow is controlled in both directions by the power flow controller.
  • the emergency power supply device interacts with a frequency converter, by means of which the drive motor is supplied with variable frequency, its energy storage unit is charged in phases of below-average motor load from the DC intermediate circuit of this frequency converter, and in phases of above-average load this energy storage unit feeds a portion of the stored energy back into this DC voltage intermediate circuit ,
  • Fig. 1 schematically the essential components of an elevator drive with frequency converter and an inventive emergency power supply device are shown.
  • Designated at 1 is the frequency converter, which is fed by the mains connection 2 and consists mainly of a mains converter 3, an inverter 4, a DC intermediate circuit 5, a smoothing capacitor 6, a brake module 7 (with braking resistor and brake operating switch) and a motor terminal 8.
  • a three-phase motor 9 is connected as an elevator drive motor.
  • the emergency power supply device is designated 10 and contains on the one hand a supercapacitors 13 existing energy storage unit 11 and on the other hand, a power flow controller 12.
  • Branch lines 17 connect the DC link 5 to the power supply of electrical elevator components 18, which must work for Evakuationsfahrten, such.
  • the power converter 3 of the frequency converter 1 via the power supply 2 AC (three-phase current) from the mains and generates from it direct current, which he feeds into the DC voltage intermediate circuit 5.
  • the inverter 4 takes DC power from this DC voltage intermediate circuit 5 and generates from it, controlled by an integrated control generator, a variable frequency AC (three-phase) as a supply for the AC motor 9.
  • the generated three-phase frequency determines the speed of this motor and thus the driving speed of the elevator, wherein a central Elevator control the control generator of the inverter continuously provides information in a suitable form on the to be generated at a given time driving speed.
  • the smoothing capacitor 6 suppresses ripples and voltage spikes in the DC voltage intermediate circuit 5.
  • the brake module 7 is used to convert the from Three-phase motor 9 during trips with negative engine load generated braking energy into heat, unless the power converter 3 is not provided for the recuperation of this braking energy into the network and designed. In the latter case, the brake module 7 still has the task of ensuring the electrical braking capability of the three-phase motor 9 with defective power converter 3, wherein the brake module 7 is activated as soon as the voltage in the DC intermediate circuit 5 during braking exceeds a defined value.
  • the power flow regulator 12, essentially a commercially available 2-quadrant DC voltage controller for a voltage polarity and two current directions, has the task of controlling the energy flow between the different voltage levels of the DC intermediate circuit 5 and the energy storage unit 11.
  • the energy storage unit is charged via the power flow controller 12 during the entire operational readiness time of the elevator system, with energy surplus in the DC intermediate circuit 5, and on the other hand feeds the stored energy as needed, ie in the case of short-term mains voltage drops or interruptions and in the event of mains supply failure the said DC voltage intermediate circuit 5 back.
  • Fig. 2 schematically shows an elevator drive with frequency converter 1, as above Fig. 1 described, and with an inventive emergency power supply device 10, wherein the energy storage unit 11 is constructed from two different storage media.
  • the energy storage unit 11 contains supercapacities 13 with their already described advantageous properties as a storage medium.
  • the energy storage unit 11 can provide sufficient energy for evacuation trips with longer distances, it contains as an additional storage medium batteries 14 (secondary elements), z. B. lead or NI-Cd - accumulators.
  • Such accumulators 14 have in comparison with supercapacitors 13 a much higher energy density (in Wh / kg), ie, with the same weight, an accumulator can store much more energy. However, they do not have the same speed of response in fast-paced, high-power operations, and their lifespan is drastically reduced by frequently occurring operations of this kind, with more meaningful sizing.
  • the more frequently occurring, briefly required power peaks for the bridging of short-term mains voltage drops and interruptions and for short evacuation runs are taken from the supercapacities 13, and for longer-lasting evacuation runs the required energy is drawn from both storage media.
  • the described energy storage unit 11 acts in the same way as in the description Fig. 1 explained, via a power flow controller 12 with the DC intermediate circuit of the frequency converter together, this power flow controller 12 is controlled in the present embodiment of the energy storage unit so that only for prolonged processes energy is drawn from the batteries.
  • the components 18, which must work for Evakuationsfahrten, are also supplied here via the branch lines 17 in any situation without interruption from the DC intermediate circuit 5 with energy.
  • Fig. 3 describes the arrangement of the electrical components of a group of frequency controlled elevator drives, where several three-phase motors 9 are connected via dedicated inverters 4 to a common DC link 16 fed by a single power module 15 during normal operation and mains voltage drops and interruptions as well as complete failure the power supply is powered during the ride of the elevator by a single inventive emergency power supply device 10 with energy.
  • the emergency power supply device 10 also consists of an energy storage unit 11 and a power flow regulator 12, wherein the energy storage unit 11 consists either exclusively of supercapacitors or of a combination of super capacities and accumulators as described above.
  • the power flow controller 12 has the same function as already described.

Landscapes

  • Maintenance And Inspection Apparatuses For Elevators (AREA)
  • Elevator Control (AREA)
  • Stand-By Power Supply Arrangements (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

Emergency current supply equipment for lift installations with electric motor drives has the task of bridging over temporary drops or interruptions in main voltage and of supplying, in the event of failure of the mains supply during a lift travel, all components of the lift installation needed for an evacuation travel with energy until such time as the lift car has reached the level of a story. The energy storage unit used for that purpose comprises as the storage medium exclusively capacitors in the form of super capacitors or a combination of super capacitors and electrochemically acting batteries.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Notstromversorgungseinrichtung einer Aufzugsanlage mit Elektromotor-Antrieb, die eine Energiespeichereinheit für elektrische Energie aufweist, welche kurzzeitige Netzspannungs-Abfälle oder -Unterbrechungen überbrückt und bei Ausfall der Netzspeisung während einer Aufzugsfahrt die Durchführung einer Evakuationsfahrt gewährleistet, indem sie alle an der Evakuationsfahrt beteiligten elektrischen Komponenten der Aufzugsanlage mindestens solange mit Energie versorgt, bis die Aufzugskabine ein Stockwerksniveau erreicht hat.The present invention relates to an emergency power supply device of an elevator system with electric motor drive, which has an energy storage unit for electrical energy, which bridges short-term mains voltage drops or interruptions and ensures the execution of an evacuation drive in case of failure of the mains supply during an elevator travel by all the evacuation travel involved electrical components of the elevator system at least as long as supplied with energy until the elevator car has reached a floor level.

Personen- und Lastenaufzüge sind üblicherweise durch Elektromotoren angetrieben. Es kommen dabei verschiedene Prinzipien der Hubkraftübertragung auf den Fahrkorb zur Anwendung. In einer der meistverwendeten Ausführungen wirkt ein Rotationsmotor direkt oder über ein Übersetzungsgetriebe auf eine Treibscheibe, die Tragseile antreibt, welche einerseits den Fahrkorb und andererseits ein Ausgleichsgewicht tragen und bewegen. In einer anderen Ausführung treibt ein Rotationsmotor eine Hydraulikpumpe an, die im Wesentlichen über eine Druckflüssigkeit die Kolbenstange(n) eines oder mehrerer Hydraulikzylinder betätigt, welche direkt oder über Seiltriebe den Fahrkorb antreiben. Gemäss einem weiteren Antriebsprinzip wird der Fahrkorb oder sein durch Tragseile mit diesem verbundenes Ausgleichsgewicht mittels eines Linearmotors auf und ab bewegt. In modernen Aufzugsanlagen erfolgt eine Regelung der Fahrkorbgeschwindigkeit meist über eine geregelte Veränderung der Frequenz des dem Antriebs-Drehstrommotor zugeführten Drehstroms.Passenger and goods lifts are usually driven by electric motors. There are different principles of Hubkraftübertragung on the car used. In one of the most widely used versions, a rotary motor acts directly or via a transmission gear on a traction sheave, which drives suspension cables, on the one hand carry the car and on the other hand, a balance weight and move. In another embodiment, a rotary motor drives a hydraulic pump, which actuates the piston rod (s) of one or more hydraulic cylinders essentially via a hydraulic fluid, which drives the car directly or via cable drives. According to a further drive principle, the car or its balance weight connected by carrying ropes is moved up and down by means of a linear motor. In modern elevator systems, control of the car speed usually takes place via a regulated change in the frequency of the three-phase current supplied to the drive three-phase motor.

Allen diesen Antrieben ist üblicherweise gemeinsam, dass die Antriebsenergie aus einem Stromversorgungsnetz entnommen wird, bei dem gelegentlich kurzzeitige Netzspannungs-Abfälle oder -Unterbrechungen sowie längerdauernde Netzausfälle auftreten. Bei Aufzugsanlagen ohne Notstromversorgungseinrichtung können aus solchen Ereignissen unangenehme Folgen für die Passagiere resultieren. Der Fahrkorb bleibt in solchen Situationen zwischen zwei Stockwerks-Haltepositionen stehen, was zur Folge hat, dass ohne Hilfe von aussen die Passagiere diesen Fahrkorb nicht mehr verlassen können.Common to all these drives is that the drive power is taken from a power grid, with occasional short-term mains voltage drops or interruptions, as well as prolonged power failures occur. In elevator systems without emergency power supply can result from such events unpleasant consequences for the passengers. In such situations, the car stops between two storey stop positions, with the result that the passengers can not leave this car without outside help.

Um eine solche Situation zu vermeiden, wird ein Teil der Aufzugsanlagen mit Notstromversorgungseinrichtungen ausgerüstet. Diese enthalten eine Energiespeichereinheit, mit deren gespeicherter Energie der Antrieb in der Lage ist, den Fahrstuhl mindestens bis zum nächstliegenden Stockwerk zu befördern und die aufzugsrelevanten Systeme solange in Betrieb zu halten.In order to avoid such a situation, a part of the elevator systems is equipped with emergency power supply devices. These contain an energy storage unit, with the stored energy of the drive is able to carry the elevator at least to the nearest floor and to keep the elevator relevant systems in operation.

Aus US 5,058,710 ist eine solche Notstromversorgungseinrichtung bekannt, die bei Ausfall der Netzspeisung oder bei kurzzeitigen Netzspannungs-Abfällen oder -Unterbrechungen während einer Aufzugsfahrt den Antriebsmotor wie auch die für eine Evakuationsfahrt wichtigen anderen elektrischen Komponenten der Aufzugsanlage solange mit gespeicherter elektrischer Energie versorgt, bis der Fahrstuhl das nächstliegende Stockwerk erreicht hat. Als Energiespeichereinheit dient eine Batterie (Akkumulator), die während des Normalbetriebs durch ein Ladegerät geladen wird und deren Pole bei Ausfall der Netzspeisung über die Kontakte eines Netzüberwachungsrelais mit dem Gleichspannungszwischenkreis eines den Antriebsmotor speisenden Frequenzumrichters verbunden werden.Out US 5,058,710 Such an emergency power supply device is known which supplies the drive motor as well as the important for an evacuation drive other electrical components of the elevator system with stored electrical energy in case of failure of the power supply or short-term mains voltage drops or interruptions during an elevator ride as long as the elevator to the nearest floor has reached. As energy storage unit, a battery (accumulator) is used, which is charged during normal operation by a charger and their poles are connected in case of failure of the mains supply via the contacts of a network monitoring relay to the DC voltage intermediate circuit of the drive motor feeding frequency.

Notstromversorgungseinrichtungen mit elektrochemisch wirkenden Akkumulatoren (Sekundärelemente) als alleinige Energiespeicher weisen einige wesenliche Nachteile auf. Bei Anwendungen, wo ein Aufzugsantrieb in der Situation des Ausfalls der Netzspeisung mit Hilfe eines Energiespeichers ohne Fahrtunterbrechung und ohne Geschwindigkeitsreduktion einen vollbeladenen Fahrstuhl bis mindestens zum in Fahrrichtung nächstliegenden Stockwerk befördern muss, hat der Energiespeicher für relativ kurze Zeit eine grosse Entladeleistung zu erbringen. Elektrochemische Akkumulatoren verfügen über eine relativ geringe Leistungsdichte (ca. 300 W/kg) und müssen für die beschriebene Anwendung in einem Hochleistungsaufzug so gross dimensioniert werden, dass ihre Masse mehrere Hundert Kilogramm erreicht. In Anlagen, wo ein Akkumulator häufig solche Leistungen zu erbringen hat, wird dessen Lebensdauer drastisch reduziert. Da bei Akkumulatoren die zulässige Ladeleistung noch wesentlich geringer als die Abgabeleistung ist, ergibt sich als weiteres Problem, dass, wenn die Netzspeisung wieder verfügbar ist, eine längere Ladezeit abgewartet werden muss, bevor der Aufzug wieder in Betrieb gehen kann. Es würde sonst das Risiko bestehen, dass der Fahrstuhl bei einem erneuten Netzausfall zwischen zwei Stockwerken stehen bleibt. Nachteilig bei der Anwendung von Akkumulatoren in Aufzugsanlagen ist auch, dass diese regelmässig überwacht und gewartet werden müssen und nach Erreichen ihrer Lebensdauer giftige Abfälle hinterlassen.Emergency power supply devices with electrochemically acting accumulators (secondary elements) as the sole energy store have some significant disadvantages. In applications where an elevator drive in the situation of power failure with the help of an energy storage without interruption and without speed reduction must carry a fully loaded elevator to at least the next floor in the direction of travel, the energy storage to provide a large discharge capacity for a relatively short time. Electrochemical batteries have a relatively low power density (about 300 W / kg) and must be sized for the application described in a high-performance elevator so large that its mass reaches several hundred kilograms. In systems where a battery often has to provide such services, its life is drastically reduced. As the permissible charging power of accumulators is still considerably lower than the output power, the further problem is that, when the mains supply is available again, a longer charging time has to be waited before the elevator can be put into operation again. Otherwise, there would be a risk that the elevator will stop between two floors in the event of another power failure. A disadvantage of the use of accumulators in elevator systems is that they must be regularly monitored and maintained and leave toxic waste after reaching their lifetime.

Aus der EP 0 967 418 A1 ist ein Automatikgetriebe für Personenkraftwagen bekannt, bei dem in einer Superkapazität gespeicherte elektrische Energie einen Elektromotor versorgt, wenn dieser den Getriebestufenwechsel bewerkstelligt.From the EP 0 967 418 A1 For example, an automatic transmission for passenger cars is known in which electrical energy stored in a super-capacitor supplies an electric motor when it accomplishes the gear-change stage.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Einrichtung für die Notstromversorgung von Aufzugsanlagen der vorstehend beschriebenen Art zu schaffen, die die genannten Nachteile vermeidet. Insbesondere soll diese zuverlässig in der Lage sein, bei relativ häufig vorkommenden Ausfällen der Netzspeisung und bei kurzzeitigen Netzspannungs-Abfällen oder -Unterbrechungen, die für eine ununterbrochene Weiterfahrt des Fahrstuhls mit Normalgeschwindigkeit bis mindestens zum nächsten Stockwerk erforderliche hohe elektrische Leistung für Antrieb und Steuerung zur Verfügung zu stellen. Nach einem Einsatz der Notstromversorgungseinrichtung soll diese innert weniger Sekunden nach Wiederherstellung der Netzspeisung erneut betriebsbereit sein. Ihre Lebensdauer soll bei gleichen Beanspruchungsverhältnissen ein Mehrfaches der Lebensdauer von elektrochemisch wirkenden Akkumulatoren betragen.The present invention has for its object to provide a device for the emergency power supply of elevator systems of the type described above, which avoids the disadvantages mentioned. In particular, this should be able to reliably reliable in case of relatively frequent failures of the power supply and short-term mains voltage waste or interruptions, the required for an uninterrupted drive of the elevator at normal speed to at least the next floor required high electrical power for drive and control to deliver. After use of the emergency power supply device, it should be ready for operation again within a few seconds after restoration of the mains supply. Their service life should be a multiple of the service life of electrochemically acting accumulators under the same load conditions.

Erfindungsgemäss wird die Aufgabe durch die in den unabhängigen Patentansprüchen 1 und 6 angegebenen Merkmale gelöst. Nach Anspruch 1 weist eine Einrichtung für die Notstromversorgung von Aufzugsanlagen mit Elektromotor-Antrieben eine Energiespeichereinheit für elektrische Energie auf, und ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass diese Energiespeichereinheit Kondensatoren in Form von Superkapazitäten enthält. Nach Anspruch 6 ist ein Verfahren zur Notstromversorgung von Aufzugsanlagen mit Elektromotor-Antrieben dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens ein Teil der Notstromversorgungs-Energie in Speichermedien in der Form von Superkapazitäten gespeichert ist.According to the invention, the object is achieved by the features specified in the independent patent claims 1 and 6. According to claim 1, a device for the emergency power supply of elevator systems with electric motor drives to an energy storage unit for electrical energy, and is characterized in that this energy storage unit contains capacitors in the form of supercapacitors. According to claim 6, a method for emergency power supply of elevator systems with electric motor drives is characterized in that at least part of the emergency power supply energy is stored in storage media in the form of supercapacities.

Die Erfindung beruht auf dem Gedanken, neuartige Kondensatoren, sogenannte Superkapazitäten, anstelle von oder in Kombination mit Akkumulatoren als Energiespeicher einzusetzen, wobei üblicherweise eine Anordnung von mehreren Superkapazitäten in Reihenschaltung zur Anwendung kommt, die eine Gesamtkapazität von mehreren Farad bei Spannungen von bis zu mehreren hundert Volt aufweist. Superkapazitäten sind Doppelschicht-Kondensatoren, deren Elektroden mit aktivem Kohlenstoff beschichtet sind und dadurch wirksame Oberflächen von mehreren tausend Quadratmetern pro Gramm Kohlenstoff haben, wobei minimalste Abstände im Nanometerbereich die beiden Elektroden trennen. Aus diesen Eigenschaften resultiert die extrem hohe Kapazität dieser im Fachhandel erhältlichen Energiespeicher.The invention is based on the idea to use novel capacitors, so-called supercapacitors, instead of or in combination with accumulators as energy storage, wherein usually an arrangement of several super capacitors in series connection is used, the total capacity of several farads at voltages of up to several hundred Volt has. Supercapacitors are double-layer capacitors whose electrodes are coated with active carbon and therefore have effective surface areas of several thousand square meters per gram of carbon with minimal nanometer spacing separating the two electrodes. These properties result in the extremely high capacity of this commercially available energy storage.

Die Anwendung von Superkapazitäten als Energiespeichermedium für Notstromversorgungseinrichtungen von Aufzugsanlagen bringt mehrere Vorteile:

  • Hohe zulässige Entladeleistung bei einer hohen Zahl von Lade- und Entladezyklen (Leistungsdichte von Superkapazitäten heutzutage ca. 10 - 15 kW/kg; Leistungsdichte von Akkumulatoren heutzutage ca. 300 - 1000 W/kg). Unterbrechungsfreies Umschalten von Netzbetrieb auf Notstrombetrieb sowie Weiterfahrt bis zum nächsten Stockwerk bei voller Antriebsleistung ist somit mit einer mindestens zehnmal leichteren Energiespeichereinheit realisierbar.
  • Sehr hohe Ladeleistung; dadurch Verkürzung der erforderlichen Wartezeit zwischen Wiedervorhandensein der Netzspeisung und der Betriebsbereitschaft des Aufzugs auf einen Bruchteil der bei Akkumulatoren benötigten Zeit.
  • Vielfach höhere Lebensdauer als Akkumulatoren.
  • Keine Wartung der Energiespeichereinheit erforderlich
  • Keine giftigen oder umweltbelastenden Stoffe enthaltend
The application of supercapacities as an energy storage medium for emergency power supply devices of elevator systems has several advantages:
  • High permissible discharge capacity with a high number of charging and discharging cycles (power density of supercapacitors today approx. 10 - 15 kW / kg, power density of accumulators today approx. 300 - 1000 W / kg). Uninterrupted switching of mains operation on emergency power operation and continuing to the next floor at full power is thus feasible with at least ten times lighter energy storage unit.
  • Very high charging power; thereby shortening the required waiting time between the resumption of mains supply and the operational readiness of the elevator to a fraction of the time required for accumulators.
  • Many times longer life than accumulators.
  • No maintenance of the energy storage unit required
  • Contains no toxic or polluting substances

Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung gehen aus den Unteransprüchen hervor.Advantageous embodiments and modifications of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims.

Für Anwendungen, bei denen die erfindungsgemässe Einrichtung einerseits zur Überbrückung von relativ kurzzeitigen Netzspannungs-Abfällen oder -Unterbrechungen dient und wo andererseits im Falle einer Evakuationsfahrt nur eine übliche Stockwerksdistanz zu überwinden ist, wird mit Vorteil eine Energiespeichereinheit eingesetzt, die als Speichermedium ausschliesslich Superkapazitäten enthält. Für Anwendungen, bei denen jedoch die Möglichkeit besteht, dass die erfindungsgemässe Einrichtung im Falle eines Ausfalls der Netzspeisung Energie für eine Vollast-Evakuationsfahrt über grosse Hubhöhen zu liefern hat, ist es zweckmässig, eine Energiespeichereinheit einzusetzen, die aus einer Kombination von Superkapazitäten mit elektrochemisch wirkenden Akkumulatoren (Sekundärelementen) besteht, da letztere im Vergleich mit Superkapazitäten eine höhere Energiedichte (Wh/kg), d. h. bei gleichem Gewicht eine höhere Speicherkapazität aufweisen. Die erwähnten Anwendungsbedingungen treten beispielsweise in Aufzugsanlagen auf, wo sogenannte Lobby-Aufzüge über eine Vielzahl von Stockwerksdistanzen keine Haltestelle bedienen, oder bei Aufzügen in Aussichtstürmen, die nur eine oder zwei Haltestellen in grosser Höhe anfahren.For applications in which the device according to the invention serves, on the one hand, to bridge relatively short-term mains voltage drops or interruptions and, on the other hand, only a conventional floor distance must be overcome in the event of evacuation travel, an energy storage unit is advantageously used which contains exclusively supercapacities as the storage medium. For applications in which, however, there is the possibility that the device according to the invention has to deliver energy for a full-load evacuation drive over large lifting heights in the event of a mains supply failure, it is expedient to use an energy storage unit which comprises a combination of supercapacities with electrochemically acting Accumulators (secondary elements), since the latter have a higher energy density (Wh / kg) compared to supercapacitors, ie at the same weight have a higher storage capacity. The mentioned conditions of use occur, for example, in elevators, where so-called lobby elevators do not serve a stop over a large number of storey distances, or in elevators in lookout towers which approach only one or two stops at a great height.

Besonders vorteilhaft lässt sich die erfindungsgemässe Einrichtung in Kombination mit frequenzumrichtergeregelten Antrieben anwenden. Deren Frequenzumrichter besteht im Wesentlichen aus einem Netzstromrichter, einem Gleichspannungs-Zwischenkreis mit Glättungskondensator, sowie einem Wechselrichter mit Steuergenerator, wobei dieser Wechselrichter mit variierender Frequenz den Antriebsmotor speist und damit dessen Drehzahl bestimmt. In Ausführungen, bei denen der Netzstromrichter nicht für die Rekuperation der Bremsenergie vorgesehen ist, ist der Gleichspannungszwischenkreis meistens mit einem Bremsmodul ausgerüstet. Die erfindungsgemässe Einrichtung, die eine Energiespeichereinheit aus Superkapazitäten oder aus einer Kombination von solchen mit Akkumulatoren enthält, nimmt Energie aus dem erwähnten Gleichspannungs-Zwischenkreis auf und gibt diese im Bedarfsfall, d. h. bei Netzspannungs-Abfällen oder -Unterbrechungen, wie auch für Evakuationsfahrten bei Ausfall der Netzspeisung wieder an den genannten Gleichspannungszwischenkreis ab. Eine als Leistungsflussregler bezeichnete Regel- und Steuereinheit sorgt dabei für eine erforderliche Anpassung des Gleichspannungs-Niveaus zwischen der Energiespeichereinheit und dem Zwischenkreis und regelt den Energieaustausch zwischen dieser Energiespeichereinheit und dem Zwischenkreis des Frequenzumrichters.Particularly advantageously, the device according to the invention can be used in combination with frequency converter-controlled drives. Their frequency converter consists essentially of a mains converter, a DC link with smoothing capacitor, and an inverter with control generator, which inverter feeds the drive motor with varying frequency and thus determines its speed. In versions in which the mains converter is not intended for the recuperation of the braking energy, the DC link is usually equipped with a brake module. The device according to the invention, which contains an energy storage unit from supercapacities or from a combination of such with accumulators, picks up energy from the mentioned DC intermediate circuit and outputs it, if necessary, i. H. in the case of mains voltage drops or interruptions, as well as for evacuation trips in the event of mains supply failure, again to the indicated DC voltage intermediate circuit. A regulating and control unit, referred to as a power flow regulator, provides for a required adaptation of the DC voltage level between the energy storage unit and the intermediate circuit and regulates the energy exchange between this energy storage unit and the intermediate circuit of the frequency converter.

Ein besonderer Vorteil der Kombination der erfindungsgemässen Einrichtung mit einem Frequenzumrichter als Antriebsregler ergibt sich daraus, dass die Steuerung der Aufzugsanlage während des Normalbetriebs, wie auch im Notstrombetrieb, aus dem Gleichspannungszwischenkreis des Frequenzumrichters gespeist werden kann. Dadurch wird eine völlig unterbrechungsfreie Speisung der Aufzugssteuerung beim Übergang vom Normalbetrieb auf Notstrombetrieb gewährleistet und zusätzlich kann das übliche Netzgerät für die Steuerung eingespart werden.A particular advantage of the combination of the inventive device with a frequency converter as a drive controller results from the fact that the control of the elevator system during normal operation, as well as in emergency operation, can be fed from the DC voltage intermediate circuit of the frequency. This ensures a completely uninterruptible power supply of the elevator control during the transition from normal operation to emergency operation and in addition, the usual power supply for the control can be saved.

Zweckmässig und kostensparend wird bei Aufzugsanlagen, die eine Mehrzahl von Aufzügen umfassen, eine einzige erfindungsgemässe Einrichtung als Notstromversorgungseinrichtung für die ganze Gruppe von Aufzügen eingesetzt, wobei jeder Antriebsmotor durch einen zugehörigen Wechselrichter aus einen gemeinsamen Gleichspannungszwischenkreis gespeist wird. Da einerseits in einer Mehrfachanlage nie alle Aufzugsantriebe gleichzeitig in Betrieb und mit positiver Vollast belastet sind und andererseits die Antriebsmotoren von üblichen Aufzugen mit Ausgleichsgewicht bei Fahrten mit weniger als der halben Nutzlast sogar in der Lage sind, Bremsenergie in den gemeinsamen Gleichspannungszwischenkreis zu rekuperieren, kann die erforderliche Kapazität der Energiespeichereinheit auf einen Bruchteil der Summe aller Kapazitäten reduziert werden, die bei Einzel-Notstromversorgungseinrichtungen für alle Aufzuge der Gruppe erforderlich wäre.Expediently and cost-effectively, in the case of elevator systems which comprise a plurality of elevators, a single device according to the invention is used as an emergency power supply device for the entire group of elevators, each drive motor being fed by a corresponding inverter from a common DC voltage intermediate circuit. Since on the one hand in a multiple system never all elevator drives are simultaneously in operation and loaded with positive full load and on the other hand, the drive motors of conventional lifts with counterweight when traveling with less than half the payload even in a position to recuperation braking energy in the common DC link, the required capacity of the energy storage unit can be reduced to a fraction of the sum of all capacities that would be required for individual emergency power supplies for all hoists of the group.

In Aufzugsanlagen, in denen ein oder mehrere Aufzugsfahrzeug(e) mit integriertem Antriebssystem verkehren, ist es vorteilhaft, den Frequenzumrichter, die Aufzugssteuereinheit sowie die erfindungsgemässe Notstromversorgungseinrichtung mobil auf dem oder den Fahrzeug(en) zu installieren. Die Energiespeichereinheit der Fahrzeuge wird dann jeweils über Kontaktelement oder mittels berührungsfreier Energieübertragungsystemen aufgeladen. Diese Methode hat den Vorteil, dass Energiezufuhreinrichtungen nicht entlang des gesamten Fahrwegs notwendig sind, was insbesondere bei Aufzugsanlagen interessant ist, in denen mehrere Aufzugsschächte vorhanden sind und die Aufzugsfahrzeuge in wechselnden Aufzugschächten verkehren, wobei auch Horizontalfahrten vorkommen.In elevator installations in which one or more elevator vehicles with an integrated drive system operate, it is advantageous to install the frequency converter, the elevator control unit and the emergency power supply unit according to the invention in a mobile manner on the vehicle (s). The energy storage unit of the vehicles is then charged in each case via contact element or by means of non-contact energy transmission systems. This method has the advantage that energy supply devices are not necessary along the entire travel path, which is of particular interest in elevator systems in which several elevator shafts are present and the elevator vehicles operate in changing elevator shafts, horizontal travel also occurring.

In einer bevorzugten Anwendung der Erfindung sind die Energiespeichereinheit und der Leistungsflussregler so ausgelegt, dass die erfindungsgemässe Notstromversorgungseinrichtung nicht nur der Ausführung einer Evakuationsfahrt bei Ausfall der Netzspeisung und der Überbrückung von Netzspannungs-Abfällen und -Unterbrechungen dient, sondern im Normalbetrieb eine Reduktion der für die Anlage erforderlichen Anschlussleistung bewirkt. Dies geschieht dadurch, dass die Energiespeichereinheit während den Stillstandszeiten des Aufzugs sowie in Phasen niedriger Antriebsbelastung Energie aufnimmt und diese bei Spitzenlast und in Phasen von überdurchschnittlicher Belastung wieder in den Antriebsstromkreis zurückspeist, wobei der Energiefluss in beiden Richtungen durch den Leistungsflussregler geregelt wird.
Wo beispielsweise die erfindungsgemässe Notstromversorgungseinrichtung mit einem Frequenzumrichter zusammenwirkt, durch den der Antriebsmotor frequenzvariabel gespeist wird, wird ihre Energiespeichereinheit in Phasen unterdurchschnittlicher Motorbelastung aus dem Gleichspannungszwischenkreis dieses Frequenzumrichters geladen, und in Phasen überdurchschnittlicher Belastung speist diese Energiespeichereinheit einen Teil der gespeicherten Energie wieder in diesen Gleichspannungszwischenkreis zurück.In a preferred application of the invention, the energy storage unit and the power flow controller are designed so that the emergency power supply device according to the invention serves not only to carry out an evacuation drive in the event of mains supply failure and bridging mains voltage drops and interruptions, but in the Normal operation causes a reduction of the connection power required for the system. This happens because the energy storage unit absorbs energy during downtime of the elevator and in phases of low drive load and these fed back at peak load and in phases of above average load back into the drive circuit, the energy flow is controlled in both directions by the power flow controller.
Where, for example, the emergency power supply device according to the invention interacts with a frequency converter, by means of which the drive motor is supplied with variable frequency, its energy storage unit is charged in phases of below-average motor load from the DC intermediate circuit of this frequency converter, and in phases of above-average load this energy storage unit feeds a portion of the stored energy back into this DC voltage intermediate circuit ,

Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden anhand der beigefügten Zeichnungen weiter erläutert.

Fig. 1
zeigt eine schematische Darstellung der Komponenten eines Aufzugsantriebs, bei dem eine erfindungsgemässe Notstromversorgungseinrichtung mit einem Frequenzumrichter zusammenwirkt und ausschliesslich Superkapazitäten als Energiespeichermedium enthält.
Fig. 2
zeigt eine schematische Darstellung der Komponenten eines Aufzugsantriebs, bei dem eine erfindungsgemässe Notstromversorgungseinrichtung ebenfalls mit einem Frequenzumrichter zusammenwirkt und als Energiespeichermedium eine Kombination aus Superkapazitäten und Akkumulatoren enthält.
Fig. 3
zeigt eine schematische Darstellung der Komponenten einer Gruppe von Aufzugsantrieben, bei welchen eine erfindungsgemässe Notstromversorgungseinrichtung mit einem gemeinsamen Gleichspannungszwischenkreis mehrerer Frequenzumrichter zusammenwirkt.
The invention will be further explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1
shows a schematic representation of the components of an elevator drive, in which an emergency power supply device according to the invention cooperates with a frequency converter and exclusively contains supercapacities as energy storage medium.
Fig. 2
shows a schematic representation of the components of an elevator drive, in which an inventive emergency power supply device also cooperates with a frequency converter and contains as energy storage medium, a combination of supercapacitors and accumulators.
Fig. 3
shows a schematic representation of the components of a group of elevator drives, in which an inventive emergency power supply device cooperates with a common DC voltage intermediate circuit of several frequency converter.

In Fig. 1 sind schematisch die wesentlichen Komponenten eines Aufzugsantriebs mit Frequenzumrichter und einer erfindungsgemässen Notstromversorgungseinrichtung dargestellt. Mit 1 ist der Frequenzumrichter bezeichnet, der vom Netzanschluss 2 gespeist wird und hauptsächlich aus einem Netzstromrichter 3, einem Wechselrichter 4, einem Gleichspannungszwischenkreis 5, einem Glättungskondensator 6, einem Bremsmodul 7 (mit Bremswiderstand und Bremsbetriebsschalter) und einem Motoranschluss 8 besteht. Am Frequenzumrichter 1 ist als Aufzugs-Antriebsmotor ein Drehstrommotor 9 angeschlossen. Die Notstromversorgungseinrichtung ist mit 10 bezeichnet und enthält einerseits eine aus Superkapazitäten 13 bestehende Energiespeichereinheit 11 und andererseits einen Leistungsflussregler 12. Abzweigleitungen 17 verbinden den Gleichspannungszwischenkreis 5 mit der Stromversorgung von elektrischen Aufzugskomponenten 18, die für Evakuationsfahrten funktionieren müssen, wie z. B. die Aufzugssteuerung, die mechanische Antriebsbremse, der Türantrieb, die Beleuchtung, Kommunikationseinrichtungen, die Belüftung, etc.In Fig. 1 schematically the essential components of an elevator drive with frequency converter and an inventive emergency power supply device are shown. Designated at 1 is the frequency converter, which is fed by the mains connection 2 and consists mainly of a mains converter 3, an inverter 4, a DC intermediate circuit 5, a smoothing capacitor 6, a brake module 7 (with braking resistor and brake operating switch) and a motor terminal 8. On the frequency converter 1, a three-phase motor 9 is connected as an elevator drive motor. The emergency power supply device is designated 10 and contains on the one hand a supercapacitors 13 existing energy storage unit 11 and on the other hand, a power flow controller 12. Branch lines 17 connect the DC link 5 to the power supply of electrical elevator components 18, which must work for Evakuationsfahrten, such. As the elevator control, the mechanical drive brake, the door drive, the lighting, communication equipment, ventilation, etc.

Im Normalbetrieb bezieht der Netzstromrichter 3 des Frequenzumrichters 1 über den Netzanschluss 2 Wechselstrom (Drehstrom) aus dem Stromnetz und erzeugt daraus Gleichstrom, den er in den Gleichspannungszwischenkreis 5 einspeist. Der Wechselrichter 4 entnimmt Gleichstrom aus diesem Gleichspannungszwischenkreis 5 und erzeugt daraus, gesteuert durch einen integrierten Steuergenerator, einen frequenzvariablen Wechselstrom (Drehstrom) als Speisung für den Drehstrommotor 9. Die erzeugte Drehstromfrequenz bestimmt die Drehzahl dieses Motors und damit die Fahrgeschwindigkeit des Aufzugs, wobei eine zentrale Aufzugssteuerung dem Steuergenerator des Wechselrichters laufend Informationen in geeigneter Form über die zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt zu generierende Fahrgeschwindigkeit liefert. Der Glättungskondensator 6 unterdrückt Welligkeiten und Spannungsspitzen im Gleichspannungszwischenkreis 5. Das Bremsmodul 7 dient der Umwandlung der vom Drehstrommotor 9 während Fahrten mit negativer Motorbelastung erzeugten Bremsenergie in Wärme, sofern der Netzstromrichter 3 nicht für die Rekuperation dieser Bremsenergie ins Netz vorgesehen und ausgelegt ist. In letzterem Fall hat das Bremsmodul 7 noch die Aufgabe, die elektrische Bremsfähigkeit des Drehstrommotors 9 bei defektem Netzstromrichter 3 zu gewährleisten, wobei das Bremsmodul 7 aktiviert wird, sobald die Spannung im Gleichspannungszwischenkreis 5 beim Bremsen einen definierten Wert überschreitet. Der Leistungsflussregler 12, im Wesentlichen ein handelsüblicher 2-Quadranten-Gleichspannungssteller für eine Spannungspolarität und zwei Stromrichtungen, hat die Aufgabe, den Energiefluss zwischen den unterschiedlichen Spannungsniveaus des Gleichspannungszwischenkreises 5 und der Energiespeichereinheit 11 zu steuern. Einerseits wird während der gesamten Einsatzbereitschaftszeit der Aufzugsanlage, bei Energieüberschuss im Gleichspannungszwischenkreis 5, die Energiespeichereinheit über den Leistungsflussregler 12 aufgeladen, und andererseits speist dieser die gespeicherte Energie bei Bedarf, d. h. bei kurzzeitigen Netzspannungs-Abfällen oder -Unterbrechungen und bei Ausfall der Netzspeisung, wieder in den genannten Gleichspannungszwischenkreis 5 zurück.In normal operation, the power converter 3 of the frequency converter 1 via the power supply 2 AC (three-phase current) from the mains and generates from it direct current, which he feeds into the DC voltage intermediate circuit 5. The inverter 4 takes DC power from this DC voltage intermediate circuit 5 and generates from it, controlled by an integrated control generator, a variable frequency AC (three-phase) as a supply for the AC motor 9. The generated three-phase frequency determines the speed of this motor and thus the driving speed of the elevator, wherein a central Elevator control the control generator of the inverter continuously provides information in a suitable form on the to be generated at a given time driving speed. The smoothing capacitor 6 suppresses ripples and voltage spikes in the DC voltage intermediate circuit 5. The brake module 7 is used to convert the from Three-phase motor 9 during trips with negative engine load generated braking energy into heat, unless the power converter 3 is not provided for the recuperation of this braking energy into the network and designed. In the latter case, the brake module 7 still has the task of ensuring the electrical braking capability of the three-phase motor 9 with defective power converter 3, wherein the brake module 7 is activated as soon as the voltage in the DC intermediate circuit 5 during braking exceeds a defined value. The power flow regulator 12, essentially a commercially available 2-quadrant DC voltage controller for a voltage polarity and two current directions, has the task of controlling the energy flow between the different voltage levels of the DC intermediate circuit 5 and the energy storage unit 11. On the one hand, the energy storage unit is charged via the power flow controller 12 during the entire operational readiness time of the elevator system, with energy surplus in the DC intermediate circuit 5, and on the other hand feeds the stored energy as needed, ie in the case of short-term mains voltage drops or interruptions and in the event of mains supply failure the said DC voltage intermediate circuit 5 back.

Im Falle von kurzzeitigen Netzspannungs-Abfällen oder -Unterbrechungen wie auch bei Ausfall der Netzspeisung währen der Fahrt des Aufzugs wird somit der Gleichspannungszwischenkreis 5 und damit auch der Wechselrichter 4 sowie die über die Abzweigleitungen 17 gespeisten Komponenten 18, die für Evakuationsfahrten funktionieren müssen, unterbrechungsfrei mindestens solange mit Energie versorgt, bis der Fahrstuhl das nächstliegende Stockwerk mit Schachttüre erreicht hat. Die Superkapazitäten 13 der Energiespeichereinheit 11 sind dabei in der Lage, verzögerungsfrei den für eine Vollastfahrt benötigten Maximalstrom zu liefern und sind bei wieder betriebsbereiter Netzspeisung in kürzester Zeit wieder voll aufgeladen. Dies wirkt sich besonders vorteilhaft aus in Installationen, wo Unterbrechungen der Netzspeisung häufig und kurz nacheinander auftreten. Bei Notstromversorgungseinrichtungen auf der Basis von Akkumulatoren muss im Gegensatz dazu nach jeder Evakuationsfahrt die relativ lang dauernde Wiederaufladezeit abgewartet werden, bevor der Aufzug nach wieder vorhandener Netzspeisung automatisch in Betrieb gehen kann. Andernfalls besteht ein erhebliches Risiko, dass der Fahrstuhl bei erneutem Stomausfall zwischen zwei Stockwerken blockiert wird.In the case of short-term mains voltage drops or interruptions as well as failure of the power supply while driving the elevator thus the DC intermediate circuit 5 and thus also the inverter 4 and fed via the branch lines 17 components 18, which must work for Evakuationsfahrten, at least uninterrupted supplied with energy until the elevator has reached the next floor with shaft door. The supercapacitors 13 of the energy storage unit 11 are able to deliver the maximum current required for full-load travel without delay and are fully recharged in the shortest possible time when the mains supply is ready for operation again. This has a particularly beneficial effect in installations where mains supply interruptions are common and occur in quick succession. In the case of emergency power supply systems based on rechargeable batteries, on the other hand, after each evacuation run, the relatively long recharging time must be awaited before the elevator can automatically start operating again after the mains power has been restored. Otherwise, there is a considerable risk that the elevator will be blocked between two storeys in the event of another outage.

Fig. 2 zeigt schematisch einen Aufzugsantrieb mit Frequenzumrichter 1, wie vorstehend zu Fig. 1 beschrieben, sowie mit einer erfindungsgemässen Notstromversorgungseinrichtung 10, bei der die Energiespeichereinheit 11 aus zwei unterschiedlichen Speichermedien aufgebaut ist. Zur Abdeckung des Energiebedarfs fur die Überbrückung von kurzzeitigen Netzspannungs-Abfällen oder -Unterbrechungen, sowie für kürzere Evakuations-Fahrstrecken, enthält die Energiespeichereinheit 11 Superkapazitäten 13 mit deren bereits beschriebenen vorteilhaften Eigenschaften als Speichermedium. Damit die Energiespeichereinheit 11 auch für Evakuationsfahrten mit längeren Fahrstrecken genügend Energie liefern kann, enthält sie als zusätzliches Speichermedium Akkumulatoren 14 (Sekundärelemente), z. B. Blei- oder NI-Cd - Akkumulatoren. Solche Akkumulatoren 14 haben im Vergleich mit Superkapazitäten 13 eine wesentlich höhere Energiedichte (in Wh/kg), d. h., bei gleichem Gewicht kann ein Akkumulator wesentlich mehr Energie speichern. Sie verfügen jedoch bei noch sinnvoller Dimensionierung nicht über die gleiche Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit bei schnellen Vorgängen mit hohem Leistungsbedarf, und ihre Lebensdauer wird durch häufig auftretende Vorgänge dieser Art drastisch reduziert. Bei der erfindungsgemässen Kombination von Energiespeichermedien werden die häufiger vorkommenden, kurzzeitig erforderlichen Leistungsspitzen für die Überbrükkung von kurzzeitigen Netzspannungs-Abfällen und -Unterbrechungen und für kurze Evakuationsfahrten aus den Superkapazitäten 13 entnommen, und für längerdauernde Evakuationsfahrten wird die benötigte Energie aus beiden Speichermedien bezogen. Fig. 2 schematically shows an elevator drive with frequency converter 1, as above Fig. 1 described, and with an inventive emergency power supply device 10, wherein the energy storage unit 11 is constructed from two different storage media. To cover the energy requirements for bridging short-term mains voltage drops or interruptions, as well as for shorter evacuation routes, the energy storage unit 11 contains supercapacities 13 with their already described advantageous properties as a storage medium. Thus, the energy storage unit 11 can provide sufficient energy for evacuation trips with longer distances, it contains as an additional storage medium batteries 14 (secondary elements), z. B. lead or NI-Cd - accumulators. Such accumulators 14 have in comparison with supercapacitors 13 a much higher energy density (in Wh / kg), ie, with the same weight, an accumulator can store much more energy. However, they do not have the same speed of response in fast-paced, high-power operations, and their lifespan is drastically reduced by frequently occurring operations of this kind, with more meaningful sizing. In the combination of energy storage media according to the invention, the more frequently occurring, briefly required power peaks for the bridging of short-term mains voltage drops and interruptions and for short evacuation runs are taken from the supercapacities 13, and for longer-lasting evacuation runs the required energy is drawn from both storage media.

Daraus resultiert ein optimal niedriges erforderliches Gesamtgewicht der Energiespeichereinheit 11 bei optimaler Lebensdauer. Die beschriebene Energiespeichereinheit 11 wirkt in gleicher Weise, wie auch in der Beschreibung zu Fig. 1 erläutert, über einen Leistungsflussregler 12 mit dem Gleichspannungszwischenkreis des Frequenzumrichters zusammen, wobei dieser Leistungsflussregler 12 bei der hier vorliegenden Ausführung der Energiespeichereinheit so gesteuert wird, dass nur für längerdauernde Vorgänge Energie aus den Akkumulatoren bezogen wird. Die Komponenten 18, die für Evakuationsfahrten funktionieren müssen, werden auch hier über die Abzweigleitungen 17 in jeder Situation unterbrechungsfrei aus dem Gleichspannungszwischenkreis 5 mit Energie versorgt.This results in an optimally low required total weight of the energy storage unit 11 with optimal life. The described energy storage unit 11 acts in the same way as in the description Fig. 1 explained, via a power flow controller 12 with the DC intermediate circuit of the frequency converter together, this power flow controller 12 is controlled in the present embodiment of the energy storage unit so that only for prolonged processes energy is drawn from the batteries. The components 18, which must work for Evakuationsfahrten, are also supplied here via the branch lines 17 in any situation without interruption from the DC intermediate circuit 5 with energy.

Fig. 3 beschreibt die Anordnung der elektrischen Komponenten einer Gruppe von frequenzumrichtergeregelten Aufzugsantrieben, wo mehrere Drehstrommotoren 9 über zugeordnete Wechselrichter 4 an einem gemeinsamem Gleichspannungszwischenkreis 16 angeschlossen sind, der bei Normalbetrieb von einem einzigen Netzmodul 15 gespeist wird und bei Netzspannungs-Abfällen und -Unterbrechungen sowie bei völligem Ausfall der Netzspeisung während der Fahrt des Aufzugs durch eine einzige erfindungsgemässe Notstromversorgungseinrichtung 10 mit Energie versorgt wird. Die Notstromversorgungseinrichtung 10 besteht auch hier aus einer Energiespeichereinheit 11 und einem Leistungsflussregler 12, wobei die Energiespeichereinheit 11 entweder ausschliesslich aus Superkapazitäten oder aus einer vorstehend beschriebenen Kombination aus Superkapazitäten und Akkumulatoren besteht. Der Leistungsflussregler 12 hat dieselbe Funktion, wie sie bereits beschrieben wurde. Auch hier werden bei Ausfall der Netzspeisung die Komponenten 18, welche für eine Evakuationsfahrt funktionsfähig sein müssen, über Abzweigleitungen 17 aus dem gemeinsamen Gleichspannungszwischenkreis 16 unterbrechungsfrei mit Energie versorgt. Eine solche Mehrfachanordnung von Antrieben hat erstens den Vorteil, dass nur ein einziges Netzmodul 15 erforderlich ist, das vorzugsweise über die (für Einzelantriebe im unteren Leistungsbereich üblicherweise zu teure) Fähigkeit verfügt, überschüssige Bremsenergie ins Netz zurückzuspeisen. Zweitens können über den gemeinsamen Gleichspannungszwischenkreis 16 direkt Energieausgleichsvorgänge zwischen treibenden und bremsenden Antrieben stattfinden, was die Energiekosten reduziert. Ausserdem ist anstelle von mehreren separaten Notstromversorgungseinrichtungen nur eine einzige erfindungsgemässe Notstromversorgungseinrichtung 10 erforderlich, was eine erhebliche Reduktion des Hardware - Aufwands und somit der Kosten zur Folge hat. Fig. 3 describes the arrangement of the electrical components of a group of frequency controlled elevator drives, where several three-phase motors 9 are connected via dedicated inverters 4 to a common DC link 16 fed by a single power module 15 during normal operation and mains voltage drops and interruptions as well as complete failure the power supply is powered during the ride of the elevator by a single inventive emergency power supply device 10 with energy. The emergency power supply device 10 also consists of an energy storage unit 11 and a power flow regulator 12, wherein the energy storage unit 11 consists either exclusively of supercapacitors or of a combination of super capacities and accumulators as described above. The power flow controller 12 has the same function as already described. Again, in case of failure of the power supply, the components 18, which must be functional for an evacuation drive, powered via branch lines 17 from the common DC voltage link 16 without interruption with energy. First, such a multiple arrangement of drives has the advantage that only a single network module 15 is required, preferably via the (for individual drives in the lower power range usually too expensive) ability to feed back excess braking energy into the grid. Secondly, energy equalization processes between driving and braking drives can take place directly via the common DC voltage intermediate circuit 16, which reduces the energy costs. Moreover, instead of a plurality of separate emergency power supply devices, only a single emergency power supply device 10 according to the invention is required, which results in a considerable reduction of the hardware effort and thus of the costs.

Claims (10)

  1. Emergency current supply equipment (10) of a lift installation with electric motor drive, which comprises an energy storage unit (11) for electric energy, which bridges over temporary drops or interruptions in mains voltage and ensures the performance of an evacuation travel in the event of failure of the mains supply during a lift travel, in that it supplies energy to all electrical components, which participate in the evacuation travel, of the lift installation at least until such time as the lift cage has reached the level of a storey, characterised in that the energy storage unit (11) comprises capacitors in the form of supercapacitors (13).
  2. Equipment according to claim 1, characterised in that the energy storage unit (11) comprises as the storage medium either exclusively supercapacitors (13) or a combination of supercapacitors (13) and electrochemically acting batteries (14).
  3. Equipment according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterised in that it co-operates with a frequency converter (1) by which the travel speed of the lift is regulated.
  4. Equipment according to claim 3, characterised in that the energy storage unit (11) thereof is charged from the direct voltage intermediate circuit (5) of the frequency converter (1) and that this energy storage unit (11) supplies stored energy back into this direct voltage intermediate circuit as needed, wherein an interposed power flow regulator (12) controls the energy flow between the different voltage levels of the direct voltage intermediate circuit (5) and the energy storage unit (11).
  5. Equipment according to claim 4, characterised in that in the event of failure of the mains supply it supplies at least those electrical components (18), which must function for a full evacuation travel, of the lift installation with emergency current by way of the direct voltage intermediate circuit of the frequency converter, wherein these components (18) are also supplied in normal operation from the said direct voltage intermediate circuit (5).
  6. Method for emergency current supply of lift installations with electric motor drives, in which in the event of failure of the mains supply or temporary drops or interruptions in mains voltage during a lift travel an emergency current supply equipment (10) supplies the components (18), which are important for an evacuation travel, of the lift installation with energy at least until such time as the lift cage has reached the level of a storey, characterised in that at least a part of the emergency current supply energy is stored in storage media in the form of supercapacitors (13).
  7. Method according to claim 6, characterised in that in the event of failure of the mains supply or temporary drops or interruptions in mains voltage the emergency current supply equipment (10) comes into use free of interruption.
  8. Method according to claim 6 or claim 7, characterised in that a single emergency current supply equipment (10) supplies several lifts.
  9. Method according to claim 6 or claim 7, characterised in that the emergency current supply equipment (10) is installed either to be stationary in the building or to be mobile on a lift vehicle with integrated drives.
  10. Method according to one of claims 6 to 9, characterised in that the emergency current supply equipment (10) comprises an energy storage unit (11), which is permanently connected by way of a power flow regulator (12) with the direct voltage intermediate circuit (5) of a frequency converter (1) and is so designed that in addition to its function as an emergency current store it serves in normal operation of the lift for reduction in the mains supply power required for the lift installation, in that the energy storage unit (11) receives energy from the mains in phases with a low power requirement of the drive system, recuperates energy during braking processes and delivers energy to the drive system during a high power requirement.
EP01911324A 2000-03-31 2001-03-21 Emergency power supply device for lift systems Expired - Lifetime EP1272418B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP01911324A EP1272418B1 (en) 2000-03-31 2001-03-21 Emergency power supply device for lift systems

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP00810272 2000-03-31
EP00810272 2000-03-31
PCT/CH2001/000175 WO2001074703A1 (en) 2000-03-31 2001-03-21 Emergency power supply device for lift systems
EP01911324A EP1272418B1 (en) 2000-03-31 2001-03-21 Emergency power supply device for lift systems

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EP1272418A1 EP1272418A1 (en) 2003-01-08
EP1272418B1 true EP1272418B1 (en) 2008-11-19

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US (1) US6938733B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1272418B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2003529512A (en)
CN (1) CN1257831C (en)
AT (1) ATE414667T1 (en)
AU (1) AU2001240406A1 (en)
BR (1) BR0109581B1 (en)
CA (1) CA2400762C (en)
DE (1) DE50114504D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2320094T3 (en)
HK (1) HK1054907B (en)
IL (2) IL151276A0 (en)
PT (1) PT1272418E (en)
WO (1) WO2001074703A1 (en)

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IL151276A0 (en) 2003-04-10
AU2001240406A1 (en) 2001-10-15
WO2001074703A1 (en) 2001-10-11
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JP2003529512A (en) 2003-10-07
ATE414667T1 (en) 2008-12-15
HK1054907A1 (en) 2003-12-19
EP1272418A1 (en) 2003-01-08
BR0109581A (en) 2003-01-28
CN1419518A (en) 2003-05-21
CA2400762A1 (en) 2001-10-11
US6938733B2 (en) 2005-09-06
ES2320094T3 (en) 2009-05-19
DE50114504D1 (en) 2009-01-02
CN1257831C (en) 2006-05-31
HK1054907B (en) 2009-05-22
US20030089556A1 (en) 2003-05-15
PT1272418E (en) 2009-01-29
CA2400762C (en) 2009-05-26
BR0109581B1 (en) 2012-12-11

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