EP1272418A1 - Emergency power supply device for lift systems - Google Patents

Emergency power supply device for lift systems

Info

Publication number
EP1272418A1
EP1272418A1 EP01911324A EP01911324A EP1272418A1 EP 1272418 A1 EP1272418 A1 EP 1272418A1 EP 01911324 A EP01911324 A EP 01911324A EP 01911324 A EP01911324 A EP 01911324A EP 1272418 A1 EP1272418 A1 EP 1272418A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
energy
elevator
power supply
emergency power
storage unit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP01911324A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1272418B1 (en
Inventor
Thomas Eilinger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Inventio AG
Original Assignee
Inventio AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Inventio AG filed Critical Inventio AG
Priority to EP01911324A priority Critical patent/EP1272418B1/en
Publication of EP1272418A1 publication Critical patent/EP1272418A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1272418B1 publication Critical patent/EP1272418B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
    • B66B5/02—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
    • B66B5/02—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions
    • B66B5/027—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions to permit passengers to leave an elevator car in case of failure, e.g. moving the car to a reference floor or unlocking the door

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an emergency power z> sorgungsem ⁇ chtung for lift installations with electric motor drives, which comprises an energy storage unit for electric energy, which brief mains voltage waste or interruptions bridged and during failure of the power supply of an elevator trip, the implementation of a 10 evacuation travel ensured by having everyone at the
  • a rotary motor drives a hydraulic pump that essentially controls the piston rod (s) of one or more via a pressure flow
  • a regulation of the car speed usually via a regulated change in the frequency of the three-phase current supplied to the drive three-phase motor.
  • some of the elevator systems are equipped with emergency power supply devices. These contain an energy storage unit, with the stored energy of which the drive is able to request the elevator at least to the next floor and the elevator-relevant systems for as long as they are in operation hold 5
  • Mains power is connected via the contacts of a mains monitoring relay to the DC link of a frequency converter feeding the drive motor.
  • Electrochemical batteries have a relatively low power density (approx. 300 W / kg) and have to be used for the described application in a high power _. dimensioned so that its mass reaches several hundred kilograms.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a device for the emergency power supply of elevator systems of the type described above, which avoids the disadvantages mentioned. In particular, this should be able to reliably in the event of relatively frequent failures of the
  • the emergency power supply device If used, it should be ready for operation again within a few seconds after the mains supply has been restored. With the same stress conditions, their lifespan should be a multiple of the lifespan of electrochemically acting batteries
  • a device for the emergency power supply of elevator systems with electric motor drives has an energy storage unit for electrical energy, and is characterized in that this energy storage unit has capacitors in form of supercapacitors containing claim 6 en procedure is for emergency power supply of lift installations mt electric motor drives characterized marked r 'is characterized in that at least a part of the emergency power supply energ m em storage media of the form is stored by supercapacitors
  • the invention is based on the idea of using novel capacitors, so-called supercapacitors, instead of or in combination with accumulators as energy stores, usually using an arrangement of several supercapacitors in series connection, which has a total capacitance of several farads at voltages of up to
  • Double-layer capacitors the electrodes of which are coated with active carbon and therefore have effective surfaces of several thousand square meters per gram of carbon, with minimal distances in the nanometer range
  • High permissible discharge power with a high number of charge and discharge cycles (power density of _5 supercapacities nowadays approx. 10 - 15 kW / kg; power density of accumulators nowadays approx. 300 - 1000 W / kg)
  • Emergency power operation and onward travel to the next floor with full drive power can thus be achieved with an energy storage unit that is at least ten times lighter.
  • Very high charging performance thereby shortening the waiting time between the re-existence of the mains supply and the operational readiness of the elevator to a fraction of the time required for accumulators. Much longer life than accumulators.
  • an energy storage unit which contains only supercapacities as the storage medium is advantageously used .
  • the application conditions mentioned occur, for example, in elevator systems, where so-called lobby elevators are used a large number of storey distances do not serve a stop, or in the case of lifts m lookout towers that only reach one or two stops at great heights.
  • the device according to the invention can be used particularly advantageously in combination with frequency converter-controlled drives.
  • the frequency converter essentially consists of a mains converter, a DC voltage intermediate circuit with smoothing capacitor, and a
  • the DC link is usually equipped with a braking module.
  • the device according to the invention which contains an energy storage unit made of supercapacities or a combination thereof with accumulators, absorbs energy from the above-mentioned direct voltage intermediate circuit and, if necessary, releases it. H. in the event of mains voltage drops or interruptions, as well as for evacuation trips in the event of mains power failure, to the DC link mentioned again.
  • a regulating and control unit referred to as a power flow controller ensures that the DC voltage level between the energy storage unit and the intermediate circuit is adapted and regulates the energy exchange between this energy storage unit and the intermediate circuit of the frequency converter.
  • a particular advantage of the combination of the device according to the invention with a frequency converter as a drive controller results from the fact that the control of the elevator system can be fed from the DC voltage intermediate circuit of the frequency converter during normal operation, as well as in emergency power mode. This ensures a completely uninterrupted supply of the elevator control during the transition from normal operation to emergency power operation and, in addition, the usual power supply unit for the control can be saved.
  • a single device according to the invention is used as an emergency power supply device for the entire group of elevators in elevator systems which comprise a plurality of elevators, each drive motor being fed by an associated inverter from a common DC voltage intermediate circuit.
  • the drive motors of conventional lifts with counterbalance weight when traveling with less than half the payload, and even able to recuperate braking energy m the common DC link can reduce the required capacity of the energy storage unit to one A fraction of the total of all capacities can be reduced, which would be required for all elevators in the group in the case of individual emergency power supply devices.
  • the energy storage unit and the power flow controller are designed in such a way that the emergency power supply device according to the invention not only serves to carry out an evacuation trip when the mains supply fails and bridges mains voltage drops and interruptions, but also Normal operation causes a reduction in the connected load required for the system. This is done in that the energy storage unit absorbs energy during the idle times of the elevator and in phases of low drive load and feeds it back into the drive circuit during peak loads and phases of above-average load, the energy flow being regulated in both directions by the power flow controller.
  • the emergency power supply device not only serves to carry out an evacuation trip when the mains supply fails and bridges mains voltage drops and interruptions, but also Normal operation causes a reduction in the connected load required for the system.
  • the energy storage unit absorbs energy during the idle times of the elevator and in phases of low drive load and feeds it back into the drive circuit during peak loads and phases of above-average load, the energy flow being regulated in both directions by the power flow controller.
  • the device interacts with a frequency converter, by means of which the drive motor is fed with variable frequency, its energy storage unit is loaded in m phases below average motor load from the DC voltage intermediate circuit of this frequency converter, and m phases above average
  • this energy storage unit feeds part of the stored energy back into this DC voltage intermediate circuit.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration of the components of an elevator system in which an emergency power supply device according to the invention is provided with a
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of the components of an elevator drive, in which an emergency power supply device according to the invention is also shown
  • Energy storage medium contains a combination of supercapacities and accumulators.
  • 3 shows a schematic illustration of the components of a group of elevator systems, in which one
  • inventive emergency power supply device cooperates with a common DC voltage intermediate circuit of several frequency converters.
  • 1 schematically shows the essential components of an elevator system with frequency converter and an emergency power supply device according to the invention.
  • 1 designates the frequency converter, which is fed by the mains connection 2 and mainly consists of a mains converter 3, an inverter 4, a DC voltage intermediate circuit 5, a smoothing capacitor 6, a brake module 7 (with braking resistor and brake operating switch) and a motor connection 8 ,
  • a three-phase motor 9 is connected to the frequency converter 1 as an elevator drive motor.
  • the emergency power supply device is designated by 10 and contains on the one hand an energy storage unit 11 consisting of supercapacities 13 and on the other hand a power flow controller 12.
  • Branch lines 17 connect the DC voltage intermediate circuit 5 to the power supply of electrical elevator components 18, which must function for evacuation trips, such as. B. the elevator control, the mechanical drive brake, the door drive, the lighting, communication facilities, ventilation, etc.
  • the mains converter 3 of the frequency converter 1 draws alternating current (three-phase current) from the mains supply via the mains connection 2 and generates direct current therefrom, which it feeds into the direct voltage intermediate circuit 5.
  • the inverter 4 removes. Direct current from this direct voltage intermediate circuit 5 and, controlled by an integrated control generator, generates a frequency-variable alternating current (three-phase current) as a feed for the three-phase motor 9.
  • the three-phase frequency generated determines the speed of this motor and thus the driving speed of the elevator, with a central elevator control serving the control generator of the Inverter continuously provides information in a suitable form about the driving speed to be generated at a specific point in time.
  • the smoothing capacitor 6 suppresses undulations and voltage peaks in the DC voltage intermediate circuit 5.
  • the brake module 7 is used to convert the from Three-phase motor 9 generates warm braking energy during journeys with negative motor load, provided that the mains current filter 3 is not provided and designed for the recuperation of this braking energy ms mains to ensure, wherein the brake module 7 is activated as soon as the voltage in the DC link 5 exceeds a defined value during braking.
  • the power flow reg
  • DC voltage regulator for a voltage polarity and two current directions has the task of controlling the energy flow between the different voltage levels of the DC voltage intermediate circuit 5 and the energy storage unit 11.
  • the energy storage unit is charged via the power flow controller 12 during the entire operational readiness period of the elevator installation, if there is excess energy in the DC voltage intermediate circuit 5, and on the other hand, this feeds the stored energy when required, i.e. H. at
  • the DC voltage intermediate circuit 5 and thus also the inverter 4 and the components 18 which are fed via the branch lines 17 and which have to function for evacuation trips are supplied with energy without interruption 50 at least until the elevator has reached the next floor with a shaft door.
  • the supercapacitors 13 of the energy storage unit 11 are able to deliver the maximum current required for a full load run without delay and are fully recharged in a very short time with the mains supply ready for operation again. This has a particularly advantageous effect in installations where mains supply interruptions are frequent and in quick succession occur For emergency power supply systems based on batteries have to the contrary, after each evacuation travel de relatively lengthy recharge time to wait before the elevator c again existing mains supply can automatically go into operation. Otherwise there is a considerable risk that the elevator will be blocked between two floors if there is another power failure.
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows an elevator drive with frequency converter 1, as described above for FIG. 1, and with an emergency power supply device 10 according to the invention, in which the energy storage unit 11 is constructed from two different storage media.
  • the energy storage unit 11 contains supercapacities 13 with their advantageous properties as a storage medium already described. So that the energy
  • storage unit 11 can also supply enough energy for evacuation trips with longer travel distances, it contains accumulators 14 (secondary elements) as an additional storage medium, for example lead or Nl-Cd accumulators. Such accumulators 14 have one in comparison with supercapacities 13
  • the described energy storage unit 11 acts in the same way, as also explained in the description of FIG. 1, via a power flow controller 12 with the DC link of the frequency converter, this power flow controller 12 being used in the
  • the present embodiment of the energy storage unit is controlled in such a way that energy is drawn from the accumulators only for long-lasting processes.
  • the components 18, which must function for evacuation trips, are also uninterrupted from the DC link 5 in every situation via the branch lines 17 Energy supplied.
  • FIG. 3 describes the arrangement of the electrical components of a group of frequency converter-controlled elevator drives, where several three-phase motors 9 are connected via assigned inverters 4 to a common DC voltage intermediate circuit 16, which during normal operation is operated by one
  • single network module 15 is supplied and is supplied with energy in the event of mains voltage drops and interruptions and in the event of complete failure of the mains supply while the elevator is in motion by a single emergency power supply device 10 according to the invention.
  • ZD also consists of an energy storage unit 11 and a power flow controller 12, the energy storage unit 11 either consisting exclusively of supercapacitors or of a combination of supercapacitors and accumulators described above.
  • Such a multiple arrangement of drives firstly has the advantage that only one network module 15 is required, which is preferably provided via the (for drives in the lower power range usually have too expensive) ability to feed excess braking energy back into the network.
  • energy equalization processes between driving and braking drives can take place directly via the common direct voltage intermediate circuit 16, which reduces the energy costs.
  • only a single emergency power supply device 10 according to the invention is required instead of a plurality of separate emergency power supply devices, which results in a considerable reduction in hardware complexity and thus in costs.

Landscapes

  • Maintenance And Inspection Apparatuses For Elevators (AREA)
  • Elevator Control (AREA)
  • Stand-By Power Supply Arrangements (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

Emergency current supply equipment for lift installations with electric motor drives has the task of bridging over temporary drops or interruptions in main voltage and of supplying, in the event of failure of the mains supply during a lift travel, all components of the lift installation needed for an evacuation travel with energy until such time as the lift car has reached the level of a story. The energy storage unit used for that purpose comprises as the storage medium exclusively capacitors in the form of super capacitors or a combination of super capacitors and electrochemically acting batteries.

Description

Notstromversorgungseinrichtung für Aufzugsanlagen Emergency power supply device for elevator systems
Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Notstromver- z> sorgungsemπchtung für Aufzugsanlagen mit Elektromotor- Antrieben, die eine Energiespeichereinheit für elektrische Energie aufweist, welche kurzzeitige Netzspannungs-Abfalle oder -Unterbrechungen überbrückt und bei Ausfall der Netzspeisung wahrend einer Aufzugsfahrt die Durchfuhrung einer 10 Evakuationsfahrt gewährleistet, indem sie alle an derThe present invention relates to an emergency power z> sorgungsemπchtung for lift installations with electric motor drives, which comprises an energy storage unit for electric energy, which brief mains voltage waste or interruptions bridged and during failure of the power supply of an elevator trip, the implementation of a 10 evacuation travel ensured by having everyone at the
Evakuationsfahrt beteiligten elektrischen Komponenten der Aufzugsanlage mindestens solange mit Energie versorgt, bis die Aufzugskabine ein Stockwerksniveau erreicht hat.Electrical components of the elevator system involved in the evacuation trip are supplied with energy at least until the elevator car has reached a floor level.
5 Personen- und Lastenaufzuge sind üblicherweise durch Elektromotoren angetrieben. Es kommen dabei verschiedene Prinzipien der Hubkraftubertragung auf den Fahrkorb zur Anwendung. In einer der meistverwendeten Ausf hrungen wirkt ein Rotationsmotor direkt oder über em Übersetzungsgetriebe auf eine5 Passenger and freight elevators are usually powered by electric motors. Various principles of lifting power transmission to the car are applied. In one of the most frequently used versions, a rotary motor acts on one directly or via a transmission gear
20 Treibscheibe, die Tragseile antreibt, welche einerseits den Fahrkorb und andererseits em Ausgleichsgewicht tragen und bewegen . In einer anderen Ausfuhrung treibt ein Rotationsmotor eine Hydraulikpumpe an, die im Wesentlichen über eine Druckfluss gkeit die Kolbenstange (n) eines oder mehrerer20 traction sheave that drives the suspension cables, which on the one hand support and move the car and on the other hand a balance weight. In another embodiment, a rotary motor drives a hydraulic pump that essentially controls the piston rod (s) of one or more via a pressure flow
20 Hydraulikzylinder betätigt, welche direkt oder über Seiltπe- be den Fahrkorb antreiben. Gemass einem weiteren Antriebsprinzip wird der Fahrkorb oder sein durch Tragseile mit diesem verbundenes Ausgleichsgewicht mittels eines Linearmotors auf und ab bewegt In modernen Aufzugsanlagen erfolgt20 hydraulic cylinders actuated, which drive the car directly or via cables. According to a further drive principle, the car or its balance weight connected to it by means of supporting cables is moved up and down by means of a linear motor. In modern elevator systems
0. eine Regelung der Fahrkorbgeschwindigkeit meist über eine geregelte Veränderung der Frequenz des dem Antriebs- Drehstrommotor zugefuhrten Drehstroms.0. a regulation of the car speed usually via a regulated change in the frequency of the three-phase current supplied to the drive three-phase motor.
Allen diesen Antrieben ist üblicherweise gemeinsam, dass die 35 Antriebsenergie aus einem Stromversorgungsnetz entnommen wird, bei dem gelegentlich kurzzeitige Netzspannungs-Abfalle oder -Unterbrechungen sowie langerdauernde Netzausfalle auftreten. Bei Aufzugsanlagen ohne Notstromversorgungse - πchtung können aus solchen Ereignissen unangenehme Folgen für die Passagiere resultieren. Der Fahrkorb bleibt in solchen Situationen zwischen zwei Stockwerks-Haitepos tionen : stehen, was zur Folge hat, dass ohne Hilfe von aussen die Passagiere diesen Fahrkorb nicht mehr verlassen können.Common to all of these drives is the fact that the 35 drive energy is drawn from a power supply network, in which occasional short-term mains voltage drops or interruptions as well as prolonged mains failures occur occur. In elevator systems without emergency power supply, such events can result in unpleasant consequences for the passengers. In such situations, the car remains between two storey positions: with the result that passengers can no longer leave this car without outside help.
Um eine solche Situation zu vermeiden, wird ein Teil der Aufzugsanlagen mit Notstromversorgungseinrichtungen ausgeru- 0 stet Diese enthalten eine Energiespeichereinheit, mit deren gespeicherter Energie der Antrieb in der Lage ist, den Fahrstuhl mindestens bis zum nachstliegenden Stockwerk zu befordern und die aufzugsrelevanten Systeme solange m Betrieb zu halten 5In order to avoid such a situation, some of the elevator systems are equipped with emergency power supply devices. These contain an energy storage unit, with the stored energy of which the drive is able to request the elevator at least to the next floor and the elevator-relevant systems for as long as they are in operation hold 5
Aus US 5,058,710 ist eine solche Notstromversorgungse πch- tung bekannt, die bei Ausfall der Netzspeisung oder bei kurzzeitigen Netzspannungs-Abfallen oder -Unterbrechungen wahrend einer Aufzugsfahrt den Antriebsmotor w e auch die für 0 eine Evakuationsfahrt wichtigen anderen elektrischen Komponenten der Aufzugsanlage solange mit gespeicherter elektrischer Energie versorgt, bis der Fahrstuhl das nachstliegende Stockwerk erreicht hat. Als Energiespeichereinheit dient eine Batterie (Akkumulator) , die wahrend des Normalbetriebs durch s em Ladegerat geladen wird und deren Pole bei Ausfall derSuch an emergency power supply is known from US Pat. No. 5,058,710, which supplies the drive motor and the other electrical components of the elevator system, which are important for an evacuation trip, with stored electrical energy as long as the mains supply fails or in the event of brief mains voltage drops or interruptions during an elevator journey until the elevator has reached the next floor. A battery (accumulator) serves as an energy storage unit, which is charged during normal operation by a charger and whose poles in the event of failure of the
Netzspeisung über d e Kontakte eines Netzuberwachungsrelais mit dem Gleichspannungszwischenkreis eines den Antriebsmotor speisenden Frequenzumrichters verbunden werden.Mains power is connected via the contacts of a mains monitoring relay to the DC link of a frequency converter feeding the drive motor.
" Notstromversorgungseinrichtungen mit elektrochemisch wirkenden Akkumulatoren (Sekundarelemente) als alleinige Energiespeicher weisen einige wesenliche Nachteile auf. Bei Anwendungen, wo ein Aufzugsantπeb der Situation des Ausfalls der Netzspeisung mit Hilfe eines Energiespeichers ohne _ Fahrtunterbrechung und ohne Geschwindigkeitsreduktion einen vollbeladenen Fahrstuhl bis mindestens zum in Fahrrichtung nachstliegenden Stockwerk befordern muss, hat der Energie- Speicher f r relativ kurze Zeit eine grosse Entladeleistung zu erbringen. Elektrochemische Akkumulatoren verfugen ber eine relativ geringe Leistungsdichte (ca. 300 W/kg) und müssen für die beschriebene Anwendung m einem Hochleistungs- _. aufzug so gross dimensioniert werden, dass hre Masse mehrere Hundert Kilogramm erreicht. In Anlagen, wo e Akkumulator häufig solche Leistungen zu erbringen hat, wird dessen Lebensdauer drastisch reduziert Da bei Akkumulatoren die zulassige Ladeleistung noch wesentlich geringer als d e LC Abgabeleistung ist, ergibt sich als weiteres Problem, dass, wenn die Netzspeisung wieder verfugbar ist, eine längere Ladezeit abgewartet werden muss, bevor der Aufzug wieder n Betrieb gehen kann. Es wurde sonst das Risiko bestehen, dass der Fahrstuhl bei einem erneuten Netzausfall zwischen zwei Stockwerken stehen bleibt. Nachteilig bei der Anwendung von Akkumulatoren m Aufzugsanlagen ist auch, dass diese regelmassig berwacht und gewartet werden müssen und nach Erreichen ihrer Lebensdauer giftige Abfalle hinterlassen."Emergency power supply devices with electrochemically acting accumulators (secondary elements) as the sole energy store have some essential disadvantages. In applications where an elevator receives the situation of the failure of the mains supply with the help of an energy store without an interruption in travel and without speed reduction, a fully loaded elevator up to at least the next floor in the direction of travel has to demand, the energy Storage to perform a large discharge for a relatively short time. Electrochemical batteries have a relatively low power density (approx. 300 W / kg) and have to be used for the described application in a high power _. dimensioned so that its mass reaches several hundred kilograms. In systems where an accumulator often has to provide such services, its lifespan is drastically reduced.As the accumulators have an even lower charging power than the LC output, another problem arises that if the mains supply is available again, a longer one The loading time must be waited for before the elevator can start operating again. Otherwise there would be a risk that the elevator would stop between two floors in the event of another power failure. Another disadvantage of using accumulators in elevator systems is that they have to be monitored and serviced regularly and leave toxic waste after they have reached the end of their service life.
0 Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Einrichtung für die Notstromversorgung von Aufzugsanlagen der vorstehend beschriebenen Art zu schaffen, die die genannten Nachteile vermeidet. Insbesondere soll diese zuverlässig m der Lage sein, bei relativ häufig vorkommenden Ausfallen der0 The present invention has for its object to provide a device for the emergency power supply of elevator systems of the type described above, which avoids the disadvantages mentioned. In particular, this should be able to reliably in the event of relatively frequent failures of the
35 Netzspeisung und bei kurzzeitigen Netzspannungs-Abfallen oder -Unterbrechungen, die für eine ununterbrochene Weiterfahrt des Fahrstuhls m t Normalgeschwmdigkeit bis mindestens zum nächsten Stockwerk erforderliche hohe elektrische Leistung für Antrieb und Steuerung zur Verfugung zu stellen. Nach35 Mains power supply and in the event of brief mains voltage drops or interruptions, the high electrical power required for the drive and control system to be available for uninterrupted travel of the elevator at normal speed to at least the next floor. To
3C einem Einsatz der Notstromversorgungseinrichtung soll diese innert weniger Sekunden nach Wiederherstellung der Netzspeisung erneut betriebsbereit sein. Ihre Lebensdauer soll bei gleichen Beanspruchungsverhaltnissen e n Mehrfaches der Lebensdauer von elektrochemisch wirkenden AkkumulatorenIf the emergency power supply device is used, it should be ready for operation again within a few seconds after the mains supply has been restored. With the same stress conditions, their lifespan should be a multiple of the lifespan of electrochemically acting batteries
35 betragen. Erfmdungsgemass wird die Aufgabe durch die m den unabhängigen Patentansprüchen 1 und 6 angegebenen Merkmale gelost Nach Anspruch 1 weist eine Einrichtung für die Notstromver- sorgung von Aufzugsanlagen mit Elektromotor-Antrieben eine Energiespeichereinheit für elektrische Energie auf, und ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass diese Energiespeichereinheit Kondensatoren in Form von Superkapazitäten enthalt Nach Anspruch 6 ist e n Verfahren zur Notstromversorgung von Aufzugsanlagen m t Elektromotor-Antrieben dadurch gekenn- r' zeichnet, dass mindestens ein Teil der Notstromversorgungs- Energ e m Speichermedien m der Form von Superkapazitäten gespeichert ist35. According to the invention, the object is achieved by the features specified in independent patent claims 1 and 6. According to claim 1, a device for the emergency power supply of elevator systems with electric motor drives has an energy storage unit for electrical energy, and is characterized in that this energy storage unit has capacitors in form of supercapacitors containing claim 6 en procedure is for emergency power supply of lift installations mt electric motor drives characterized marked r 'is characterized in that at least a part of the emergency power supply energ m em storage media of the form is stored by supercapacitors
Die Erfindung beruht auf dem Gedanken, neuartige Kondensatoren, sogenannte Superkapazitäten, anstelle von oder in Kombination mit Akkumulatoren als Energiespeicher einzusetzen, wobei üblicherweise eine Anordnung von mehreren Superkapazitäten in Reihenschaltung zur Anwendung kommt, die eine Gesamtkapazitat von mehreren Farad bei Spannungen von bis zuThe invention is based on the idea of using novel capacitors, so-called supercapacitors, instead of or in combination with accumulators as energy stores, usually using an arrangement of several supercapacitors in series connection, which has a total capacitance of several farads at voltages of up to
20 mehreren hundert Volt aufweist Superkapazitäten sind20 are several hundred volts supercapacities
Doppelschicht-Kondensatoren, deren Elektroden mit aktivem Kohlenstoff beschichtet sind und dadurch wirksame Oberflachen von mehreren tausend Quadratmetern pro Gramm Kohlenstoff haben, wobei minimalste Abstände im Nanometerbereich dieDouble-layer capacitors, the electrodes of which are coated with active carbon and therefore have effective surfaces of several thousand square meters per gram of carbon, with minimal distances in the nanometer range
25 beiden Elektroden trennen Aus diesen Eigenschaften resultiert die extrem hohe Kapazität dieser im Fachhandel erhältlichen EnergiespeicherSeparate 25 electrodes. These properties result in the extremely high capacity of these energy stores available in specialist shops
Die Anwendung von Superkapazitäten als Energiespeichermedium für Notstromversorgungseinrichtungen von Aufzugsanlagen bringt mehrere VorteileThe use of supercapacities as an energy storage medium for emergency power supply devices in elevator systems brings several advantages
Hohe zulässige Entladeleistung bei einer hohen Zahl von Lade- und Entladezyklen (Leistungsdichte von _5 Superkapazitäten heutzutage ca 10 - 15 kW/kg; Leistungsdichte von Akkumulatoren heutzutage ca 300 - 1000 W/kg) Unterbrechungsfreies Umschalten von Netzbetrieb auf Notstrombetrieb sowie Weiterfahrt bis zum nächsten Stockwerk bei voller Antriebsleistung ist somit mit einer mindestens zehnmal leichteren Energiespeichereinheit realisierbar . - Sehr hohe Ladeleistung ; dadurch Verkürzung der erforderlichen Wartezeit zwischen Wiedervorhandensein der Netzspeisung und der Betriebsbereitschaft des Aufzugs auf einen Bruchteil der bei Akkumulatoren benotigten Zeit. Vielfach höhere Lebensdauer als Akkumulatoren. - Keine Wartung der Energiespeichereinheit erforderlich Keine giftigen oder umweltbelastenden Stoffe enthaltendHigh permissible discharge power with a high number of charge and discharge cycles (power density of _5 supercapacities nowadays approx. 10 - 15 kW / kg; power density of accumulators nowadays approx. 300 - 1000 W / kg) Emergency power operation and onward travel to the next floor with full drive power can thus be achieved with an energy storage unit that is at least ten times lighter. - Very high charging performance; thereby shortening the waiting time between the re-existence of the mains supply and the operational readiness of the elevator to a fraction of the time required for accumulators. Much longer life than accumulators. - No maintenance of the energy storage unit required. Contains no toxic or polluting substances
Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen der Erfin- dung gehen aus den Unteranspruchen hervor.Advantageous refinements and developments of the invention emerge from the subclaims.
Für Anwendungen, bei denen die erf dungsgemasse Einrichtung einerseits zur Uberbruckung von relativ kurzzeitigen Netzspannungs-Abfallen oder -Unterbrechungen dient und wo andererseits im Falle einer Evakuationsfahrt nur eine übliche Stockwerksdistanz zu überwinden ist, wird mit Vorteil eine Energiespeichereinheit eingesetzt, die als Speichermedium ausschliesslich Superkapazitäten enthalt. Für Anwendungen, bei denen jedoch die Möglichkeit besteht, dass die erfin- dungsgemasse Einrichtung im Falle eines Ausfalls der Netz- speisung Energie für eine Vollast-Evakuationsfahrt über grosse Hubhohen zu liefern hat, ist es zweckmassig, eine Energiespeichereinheit einzusetzen, die aus einer Kombination von Superkapazitäten mit elektrochemisch wirkenden Akkumula- toren (Sekundarelementen) besteht, da letztere im Vergleich mit Superkapazitäten eine höhere Energiedichte (Wh/kg), d. h. bei gleichem Gewicht eine höhere Speicherkapazität aufweisen Die erwähnten Anwendungsbedingungen treten beispielsweise in Aufzugsanlagen auf, wo sogenannte Lobby-Aufzuge über eine Vielzahl von Stockwerksdistanzen keine Haltestelle bedienen, oder bei Aufzügen m Aussichtstürmen, die nur eine oder zwei Haltestellen in grosser Hohe anfahren. Besonders vorteilhaft lasst sich die erfmdungsgemasse Einrichtung in Kombination mit frequenzumrichtergeregelten Antrieben anwenden. Deren Frequenzumrichter besteht im Wesentlichen aus einem Netzstromrichter, einem Gleichspan- nungs-Zwischenkreis m t Glattungskondensator , sowie einemFor applications in which the device according to the invention serves, on the one hand, to bridge relatively short-term mains voltage drops or interruptions and where, on the other hand, only a common floor distance can be overcome in the event of an evacuation trip, an energy storage unit which contains only supercapacities as the storage medium is advantageously used , For applications in which, however, there is the possibility that the device according to the invention has to supply energy for a full-load evacuation trip over large lifting heights in the event of a failure of the mains supply, it is expedient to use an energy storage unit which consists of a combination of There are supercapacities with electrochemically acting batteries (secondary elements), since the latter have a higher energy density (Wh / kg) than supercapacitors, ie they have a higher storage capacity with the same weight. The application conditions mentioned occur, for example, in elevator systems, where so-called lobby elevators are used a large number of storey distances do not serve a stop, or in the case of lifts m lookout towers that only reach one or two stops at great heights. The device according to the invention can be used particularly advantageously in combination with frequency converter-controlled drives. The frequency converter essentially consists of a mains converter, a DC voltage intermediate circuit with smoothing capacitor, and a
Wechselrichter mit Steuergenerator, wobei dieser Wechselrichter mit variierender Frequenz den Antriebsmotor speist und damit dessen Drehzahl bestimmt. In Ausfuhrungen, bei denen der Netzstromrichter nicht für die Rekuperation der Brems- energie vorgesehen ist, ist der Gleichspannungszwischenkreis meistens mit einem Bremsmodul ausgerüstet. Die erfmdungsgemasse Einrichtung, die eine Energiespeichereinheit aus Superkapazitäten oder aus einer Kombination von solchen mit Akkumulatoren enthalt, nimmt Energie aus dem erwähnten Gleichspannungs-Zwischenkreis auf und gibt diese im Bedarfsfall, d. h. bei Netzspannungs-Abfallen oder -Unterbrechungen, wie auch für Evakuationsfahrten bei Ausfall der Netzspeisung wieder an den genannten Gleichspannungszwischenkreis ab. Eine als Leistungsflussregler bezeichnete Regel- und Steuereinheit sorgt dabei für eine erforderliche Anpassung des Gleichspan- nungs-Niveaus zwischen der Energiespeichereinheit und dem Zwischenkreis und regelt den Energieaustausch zwischen dieser Energiespeichereinheit und dem Zwischenkreis des Frequenzumrichters .Inverter with control generator, this inverter feeding the drive motor with varying frequency and thus determining its speed. In versions where the line converter is not intended to recuperate the braking energy, the DC link is usually equipped with a braking module. The device according to the invention, which contains an energy storage unit made of supercapacities or a combination thereof with accumulators, absorbs energy from the above-mentioned direct voltage intermediate circuit and, if necessary, releases it. H. in the event of mains voltage drops or interruptions, as well as for evacuation trips in the event of mains power failure, to the DC link mentioned again. A regulating and control unit referred to as a power flow controller ensures that the DC voltage level between the energy storage unit and the intermediate circuit is adapted and regulates the energy exchange between this energy storage unit and the intermediate circuit of the frequency converter.
Em besonderer Vorteil der Kombination der erfmdungsgemassen Einrichtung mit einem Frequenzumrichter als Antriebsregler ergibt sich daraus, dass die Steuerung der Aufzugsanlage wahrend des Normalbetriebs, wie auch im Notstrombetπeb , aus dem Gleichspannungszwischenkreis des Frequenzumrichters gespeist werden kann. Dadurch wird eine völlig unterbrechungsfreie Speisung der Aufzugssteuerung beim Übergang vom Normalbetrieb auf Notstrombetrieb gewährleistet und zusätzlich kann das übliche Netzgerat für die Steuerung eingespart werden . Zweckmassig und kostensparend w rd bei Aufzugsanlagen, die eine Mehrzahl von Aufzügen umfassen, eine einzige erfmdungsgemasse Einrichtung als Notstromversorgungseinrichtung für die ganze Gruppe von Aufzügen eingesetzt, wobei jeder Antriebsmotor durch einen zugehörigen Wechselrichter aus einen gemeinsamen Gleichspannungszwischenkreis gespeist wird Da einerseits einer Mehrfachanlage nie alle Aufzugsantπe- be gleichzeitig m Betrieb und mit positiver Vollast belastet s nd und andererseits die Antriebsmotoren von blichen Aufzügen mit Ausgleichsgewicht bei Fahrten mit weniger als der halben Nutzlast sogar der Lage s nd, Bremsenergie m den gemeinsamen Gleichspannungszwischenkreis zu rekuperieren, kann die erforderliche Kapazität der Energiespeichereinheit auf einen Bruchteil der Summe aller Kapazitäten reduziert werden, d e bei Einzel-Notstromversorgungsemπchtungen für alle Aufzuge der Gruppe erforderlich wäre .A particular advantage of the combination of the device according to the invention with a frequency converter as a drive controller results from the fact that the control of the elevator system can be fed from the DC voltage intermediate circuit of the frequency converter during normal operation, as well as in emergency power mode. This ensures a completely uninterrupted supply of the elevator control during the transition from normal operation to emergency power operation and, in addition, the usual power supply unit for the control can be saved. Appropriately and cost-effectively, a single device according to the invention is used as an emergency power supply device for the entire group of elevators in elevator systems which comprise a plurality of elevators, each drive motor being fed by an associated inverter from a common DC voltage intermediate circuit. be at the same time in operation and with positive full load, and on the other hand, the drive motors of conventional lifts with counterbalance weight when traveling with less than half the payload, and even able to recuperate braking energy m the common DC link, can reduce the required capacity of the energy storage unit to one A fraction of the total of all capacities can be reduced, which would be required for all elevators in the group in the case of individual emergency power supply devices.
In Aufzugsanlagen, in denen ein oder mehrere Aufzugsfahr- zeug(e) mit integriertem Antriebssystem verkehren, ist es vorteilhaft, den Frequenzumrichter, die Aufzugssteueremheit sowie die erfmdungsgemasse Notstromversorgungsemrichtung mobil auf dem oder den Fahrzeug (en) zu installieren. Die Energiespeichereinheit der Fahrzeuge wird dann jeweils über Kontaktelemente oder mittels beruhrungsfreier Energieubertra- gungsystemen aufgeladen. Diese Methode hat den Vorteil, dass Energiezufuhreinrichtungen nicht entlang des gesamten Fahrwegs notwendig sind, was insbesondere bei Aufzugsanlagen interessant: ist, in denen mehrere Aufzugsschachte vorhanden sind und d e Aufzugsfahrzeuge in wechselnden Aufzugschachten verkehren, wobei auch Horizontalfahrten vorkommen.In elevator systems in which one or more elevator vehicles (s) with an integrated drive system operate, it is advantageous to install the frequency converter, the elevator control unit and the emergency power supply device according to the invention on the vehicle (s) in a mobile manner. The energy storage unit of the vehicles is then charged in each case via contact elements or by means of non-contact energy transmission systems. This method has the advantage that energy supply devices are not necessary along the entire route, which is particularly interesting in elevator systems, in which there are several elevator shafts and the elevator vehicles run in changing elevator shafts, with horizontal movements also occurring.
In einer bevorzugten Anwendung der Erfindung sind die Energiespeichereinheit und der Leistungsflussregler so ausgelegt, dass die erfmdungsgemasse Notstromversorgungsein- πchtung nicht nur der Ausf hrung einer Evakuationsfahrt bei Ausfall der Netzspeisung und der Uberbruckung von Netzspan- nungs-Abfallen und -Unterbrechungen dient, sondern im Normalbetrieb eine Reduktion der für die Anlage erforderlichen Anschlussleistung bewirkt. Dies geschieht dadurch, dass die Energiespeichereinheit wahrend den Stillstandszeiten des Aufzugs sowie in Phasen niedriger Antriebsbelastung Energie aufnimmt und diese be Spitzenlast und Phasen von überdurchschnittlicher Belastung wieder in den Antriebsstromkreis zuruckspeist , wobei der Energiefluss in beiden Richtungen durch den Leistungsflussregler geregelt wird. Wo beispielsweise die erfmdungsgemasse Notstromversorgungs-In a preferred application of the invention, the energy storage unit and the power flow controller are designed in such a way that the emergency power supply device according to the invention not only serves to carry out an evacuation trip when the mains supply fails and bridges mains voltage drops and interruptions, but also Normal operation causes a reduction in the connected load required for the system. This is done in that the energy storage unit absorbs energy during the idle times of the elevator and in phases of low drive load and feeds it back into the drive circuit during peak loads and phases of above-average load, the energy flow being regulated in both directions by the power flow controller. Where, for example, the emergency power supply
IO emrichtung mit einem Frequenzumrichter zusammenwirkt, durch den der Antriebsmotor frequenzvariabel gespeist wird, wird ihre Energiespeichereinheit m Phasen unterdurchschnittlicher Motorbelastung aus dem Gleichspannungszwischenkreis dieses Frequenzumrichters geladen, und m Phasen uberdurchschnittli-If the device interacts with a frequency converter, by means of which the drive motor is fed with variable frequency, its energy storage unit is loaded in m phases below average motor load from the DC voltage intermediate circuit of this frequency converter, and m phases above average
ID eher Belastung speist diese Energiespeichereinheit einen Teil der gespeicherten Energie wieder in diesen Gleichspannungszwischenkreis zurück.ID rather load, this energy storage unit feeds part of the stored energy back into this DC voltage intermediate circuit.
Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden anhand der beigefugten 20 Zeichnungen weiter erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail below with the aid of the attached 20 drawings.
Fig. 1 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung der Komponenten eines Aufzugsantπebs , bei dem eine erfmdungsgemasse Notstromversorgungseinrichtung mit einem1 shows a schematic illustration of the components of an elevator system in which an emergency power supply device according to the invention is provided with a
25 Frequenzumrichter zusammenwirkt und ausschliesslich25 frequency inverters cooperate and exclusively
Superkapazitäten als Energiespeichermedium enthalt Fig. 2 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung der Komponenten eines Aufzugsantriebs, bei dem eine erfmdungsgemasse Notstromversorgungseinrichtung ebenfalls2 shows a schematic representation of the components of an elevator drive, in which an emergency power supply device according to the invention is also shown
3C mit einem Frequenzumrichter zusammenwirkt und als3C interacts with a frequency converter and as
Energiespeichermedium eine Kombination aus Superkapazitäten und Akkumulatoren enthalt. Fig. 3 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung der Komponenten einer Gruppe von Aufzugsantπeben , bei welchen eineEnergy storage medium contains a combination of supercapacities and accumulators. 3 shows a schematic illustration of the components of a group of elevator systems, in which one
35 erfmdungsgemasse Notstromversorgungseinrichtung mit einem gemeinsamen Gleichspannungszwischenkreis mehrerer Frequenzumrichter zusammenwirkt. In Fig 1 sind schematisch die wesentlichen Komponenten eines Aufzugsantπebs mit Frequenzumrichter und einer erfmdungsgemassen Notstromversorgungseinrichtung dargestellt. Mit 1 ist der Frequenzumrichter bezeichnet, der vom Netzanschluss 2 gespeist wird und hauptsachlich aus einem Netzstromrichter 3, einem Wechselrichter 4, einem Gleichspannungszwischenkreis 5, einem Glattungskondensator 6, einem Bremsmodul 7 (mit Brems- widerstand und Bremsbetriebsschalter) und einem Motoran- schluss 8 besteht. Am Frequenzumrichter 1 ist als Aufzugs- Antriebsmotor ein Drehstrommotor 9 angeschlossen. Die Notstromversorgungseinrichtung ist mit 10 bezeichnet und enthalt einerseits eine aus Superkapazitäten 13 bestehende Energiespeichereinheit 11 und andererseits einen Leistungs- flussregler 12. Abzweigleitungen 17 verbinden den Gleichspannungszwischenkreis 5 mit der Stromversorgung von elektrischen Aufzugskomponenten 18, die für Evakuationsfahrten funktionieren müssen, wie z. B. die Aufzugssteuerung, die mechanische Antriebsbremse, der Turantrieb, die Beleuchtung, Kommunikationseinrichtungen, die Belüftung, etc.35 inventive emergency power supply device cooperates with a common DC voltage intermediate circuit of several frequency converters. 1 schematically shows the essential components of an elevator system with frequency converter and an emergency power supply device according to the invention. 1 designates the frequency converter, which is fed by the mains connection 2 and mainly consists of a mains converter 3, an inverter 4, a DC voltage intermediate circuit 5, a smoothing capacitor 6, a brake module 7 (with braking resistor and brake operating switch) and a motor connection 8 , A three-phase motor 9 is connected to the frequency converter 1 as an elevator drive motor. The emergency power supply device is designated by 10 and contains on the one hand an energy storage unit 11 consisting of supercapacities 13 and on the other hand a power flow controller 12. Branch lines 17 connect the DC voltage intermediate circuit 5 to the power supply of electrical elevator components 18, which must function for evacuation trips, such as. B. the elevator control, the mechanical drive brake, the door drive, the lighting, communication facilities, ventilation, etc.
Im Normalbetrieb bezieht der Netzstromrichter 3 des Frequenzumrichters 1 über den Netzanschluss 2 Wechselstrom (Drehstrom) aus dem Stromnetz und erzeugt daraus Gleichstrom, den er m den Gleichspannungszwischenkreis 5 einspeist. Der Wechselrichter 4 entnimmt. Gleichstrom aus diesem Gleichspannungszwischenkreis 5 und erzeugt daraus, gesteuert durch einen integrierten Steuergenerator, einen frequenzvariablen Wechselstrom (Drehstrom) als Speisung für den Drehstrommotor 9. Die erzeugte Drehstromfrequenz bestimmt die Drehzahl dieses Motors und damit die Fahrgeschwindigkeit des Aufzugs, wobei eine zentrale Aufzugssteuerung dem Steuergenerator des Wechselrichters laufend Informationen in geeigneter Form über die zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt zu generierende Fahrgeschwindigkeit liefert. Der Glattungskondensator 6 unterdruckt Welligkelten und Spannungsspitzen im Gleichspannungszwischenkreis 5. Das Bremsmodul 7 dient der Umwandlung der von Drehstrommotor 9 wahrend Fahrten mit negativer Motorbelastung erzeugten Bremsenergie in Warme, sofern der Netzstromπchter 3 nicht für die Rekuperation dieser Bremsenergie ms Netz vorgesehen und ausgelegt ist In letzterem Fall hat das : Bremsmodul 7 noch die Aufgabe, die elektrische Bremsfahigkeit des Drehstrommotors 9 bei defektem Netzstromπchter 3 zu gewährleisten, wobei das Bremsmodul 7 aktiviert wird, sobald die Spannung im Gleichspannungszwischenkreis 5 beim Bremsen einen definierten Wert überschreitet. Der Leistungsflussreg-In normal operation, the mains converter 3 of the frequency converter 1 draws alternating current (three-phase current) from the mains supply via the mains connection 2 and generates direct current therefrom, which it feeds into the direct voltage intermediate circuit 5. The inverter 4 removes. Direct current from this direct voltage intermediate circuit 5 and, controlled by an integrated control generator, generates a frequency-variable alternating current (three-phase current) as a feed for the three-phase motor 9. The three-phase frequency generated determines the speed of this motor and thus the driving speed of the elevator, with a central elevator control serving the control generator of the Inverter continuously provides information in a suitable form about the driving speed to be generated at a specific point in time. The smoothing capacitor 6 suppresses undulations and voltage peaks in the DC voltage intermediate circuit 5. The brake module 7 is used to convert the from Three-phase motor 9 generates warm braking energy during journeys with negative motor load, provided that the mains current filter 3 is not provided and designed for the recuperation of this braking energy ms mains to ensure, wherein the brake module 7 is activated as soon as the voltage in the DC link 5 exceeds a defined value during braking. The power flow reg
10 1er 12, im Wesentlichen ein handelsüblicher 2-Quadranten-10 1er 12, essentially a commercially available 2-quadrant
Gleichspannungssteller für eine Spannungspolaπtat und zwei Stromrichtungen, hat die Aufgabe, den Energiefluss zwischen den unterschiedlichen Spannungsniveaus des Gleichspannungs- zw schenkreises 5 und der Energiespeichereinheit 11 zu ι5 steuern. Einerseits wird wahrend der gesamten Einsatzbereitschaftszeit der Aufzugsanlage , bei Energieuberschuss im Gleichspannungszwischenkreis 5, die Energiespeichereinheit über den Leistungsflussregler 12 aufgeladen, und andererseits speist dieser die gespeicherte Energie bei Bedarf, d. h. beiDC voltage regulator for a voltage polarity and two current directions has the task of controlling the energy flow between the different voltage levels of the DC voltage intermediate circuit 5 and the energy storage unit 11. On the one hand, the energy storage unit is charged via the power flow controller 12 during the entire operational readiness period of the elevator installation, if there is excess energy in the DC voltage intermediate circuit 5, and on the other hand, this feeds the stored energy when required, i.e. H. at
20 kurzzeitigen Netzspannungs-Abfallen oder -Unterbrechungen und bei Ausfall der Netzspeisung, wieder in den genannten Gleichspannungszwischenkreis 5 zurück.20 brief mains voltage drops or interruptions and in the event of mains power failure, back into the DC link 5 mentioned.
Im Falle von kurzzeitigen Netzspannungs-Abfallen oder -Unter- 25 brechungen wie auch bei Ausfall der Netzspeisung wahren derIn the event of brief mains voltage drops or interruptions as well as in the event of a mains supply failure, the
Fahrt des Aufzugs wird somit der Gleichspannungszwischenkreis 5 und damit auch der Wechselrichter 4 sowie die über die Abzweigleitungen 17 gespeisten Komponenten 18, die für Evakuationsfahrten funktionieren müssen, unterbrechungsfrei 50 mindestens solange mit Energie versorgt, bis der Fahrstuhl das nachstliegende Stockwerk mit Schachtture erreicht hat. Die Superkapazitäten 13 der Energiespeichereinheit 11 sind dabei in der Lage, verzogerungsfrei den für eine Vollastfahrt benotigten Maximalstrom zu liefern und sind bei wieder 35 betriebsbereiter Netzspeisung in kürzester Zeit wieder voll aufgeladen. Dies wirkt sich besonders vorteilhaft aus in Installationen, wo Unterbrechungen der Netzspeisung häufig und kurz nacheinander auftreten Bei Notstromversorgungseinrichtungen auf der Basis von Akkumulatoren muss im Gegensatz dazu nach jeder Evakuationsfahrt d e relativ lang dauernde Wiederaufladezeit abgewartet werden, bevor der Aufzug nach c wieder vorhandener Netzspeisung automatisch in Betrieb gehen kann. Andernfalls besteht em erhebliches Risiko, dass der Fahrstuhl bei erneutem Stomausfall zwischen zwei Stockwerken blockiert wird.When the elevator travels, the DC voltage intermediate circuit 5 and thus also the inverter 4 and the components 18 which are fed via the branch lines 17 and which have to function for evacuation trips are supplied with energy without interruption 50 at least until the elevator has reached the next floor with a shaft door. The supercapacitors 13 of the energy storage unit 11 are able to deliver the maximum current required for a full load run without delay and are fully recharged in a very short time with the mains supply ready for operation again. This has a particularly advantageous effect in installations where mains supply interruptions are frequent and in quick succession occur For emergency power supply systems based on batteries have to the contrary, after each evacuation travel de relatively lengthy recharge time to wait before the elevator c again existing mains supply can automatically go into operation. Otherwise there is a considerable risk that the elevator will be blocked between two floors if there is another power failure.
10 Fig. 2 zeigt schematisch einen Aufzugsantrieb mit Frequenzumrichter 1, wie vorstehend zu Fig 1 beschrieben, sowie mit einer erfmdungsgemassen Notstromversorgungseinrichtung 10, bei der die Energiespeichereinheit 11 aus zwei unterschiedlichen Speichermedien aufgebaut ist Zur Abdeckung des Energie-2 schematically shows an elevator drive with frequency converter 1, as described above for FIG. 1, and with an emergency power supply device 10 according to the invention, in which the energy storage unit 11 is constructed from two different storage media.
J.^ bedarfs für die Uberbruckung von kurzzeitigen Netzspannungs- Abfallen oder -Unterbrechungen, sowie für kürzere Evakua- tions-Fahrstrecken, enthalt die Energiespeichereinheit 11 Superkapazitäten 13 mit deren bereits beschriebenen vorteilhaften Eigenschaften als Speichermedium. Damit die Energie-J. ^ If the bridging of short-term mains voltage drops or interruptions, as well as for shorter evacuation travel distances, the energy storage unit 11 contains supercapacities 13 with their advantageous properties as a storage medium already described. So that the energy
20 speicheremheit 11 auch für Evakuationsfahrten mit längeren Fahrstrecken genügend Energie liefern kann, enthalt sie als zusätzliches Speichermedium Akkumulatoren 14 (Sekundarelemen- te) , z B. Blei- oder Nl-Cd - Akkumulatoren Solche Akkumulatoren 14 haben im Vergleich mit Superkapazitäten 13 eine20 storage unit 11 can also supply enough energy for evacuation trips with longer travel distances, it contains accumulators 14 (secondary elements) as an additional storage medium, for example lead or Nl-Cd accumulators. Such accumulators 14 have one in comparison with supercapacities 13
25 wesentlich höhere Energiedichte (m Wh/kg) , d. h. , bei gleichem Gewicht kann em Akkumulator wesentlich mehr Energie speichern. Sie verfugen jedoch bei noch sinnvoller Dimensionierung nicht über die gleiche Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit bei schnellen Vorgangen mit hohem Leistungsbedarf, und ihre25 much higher energy density (m Wh / kg), d. H. , with the same weight, an accumulator can store significantly more energy. However, if the dimensions are still reasonable, they do not have the same reaction speed and fast processes with high power requirements, and theirs
30 Lebensdauer wird durch häufig auftretende Vorgange dieser Art drastisch reduziert. Bei der erf αungsgemassen Kombination von Energiespeichermedien werden die häufiger vorkommenden, kurzzeitig erforderlichen Leistungsspitzen für die Uberbruk- kung von kurzzeitigen Netzspannungs-Abfallen und -Unterbre-30 Lifetime is drastically reduced by frequently occurring processes of this kind. With the combination of energy storage media according to the invention, the more frequently occurring, briefly required power peaks for bridging brief mains voltage drops and interruptions are
^5 chungen und für kurze Evakuationsfahrten aus den Superkapazitäten 13 entnommen, und für langercauernde Evakuationsfahrten wird d e benotigte Energie aus beicen Speichermedien bezogen Daraus resultiert em optimal niedriges erforderliches Gesamtgewicht der Energiespeichereinheit 11 bei optimaler Lebensdauer Die beschriebene Energiespeicheremheit 11 wirkt in gleicher Weise, wie auch in der Beschreibung zu Fig. 1 erläutert, über einen Leistungsflussregler 12 mit dem Gleichspannungszwischenkreis des Frequenzumrichters zusammen, wobei dieser Leistungsflussregler 12 bei der hier vorliegenden Ausführung der Energiespeicheremheit so gesteuert wird, dass nur für langerdauernde Vorgange Energie aus den Akkumu- -C latoren bezogen wird Die Komponenten 18, die für Evakuationsfahrten funktionieren müssen, werden auch hier über die Abzweigleitungen 17 in jeder Situation unterbrechungsfrei aus dem Gleichspannungszwischenkreis 5 mit Energie versorgt.^ 5 and for short evacuation trips taken from the supercapacities 13, and for long-lasting evacuation trips the required energy is obtained from both storage media This results in an optimally low required total weight of the energy storage unit 11 with an optimal service life. The described energy storage unit 11 acts in the same way, as also explained in the description of FIG. 1, via a power flow controller 12 with the DC link of the frequency converter, this power flow controller 12 being used in the The present embodiment of the energy storage unit is controlled in such a way that energy is drawn from the accumulators only for long-lasting processes. The components 18, which must function for evacuation trips, are also uninterrupted from the DC link 5 in every situation via the branch lines 17 Energy supplied.
ηD Fig. 3 beschreibt d e Anordnung der elektrischen Komponenten einer Gruppe von frequenzumπchtergeregelten Aufzugsantrie- ben, wo mehrere Drehstrommotoren 9 über zugeordnete Wechselrichter 4 an einem gemeinsamem Gleichspannungszwischenkreis 16 angeschlossen sind, der bei Normalbetrieb von einem η D FIG. 3 describes the arrangement of the electrical components of a group of frequency converter-controlled elevator drives, where several three-phase motors 9 are connected via assigned inverters 4 to a common DC voltage intermediate circuit 16, which during normal operation is operated by one
20 einzigen Netzmodul 15 gespeist wird und bei Netzspannungs- Abfallen und -Unterbrechungen sowie be völligem Ausfall der Netzspeisung wahrend der Fahrt des Aufzugs durch eine einzige erf dungsgemasse Notstromversorgungseinrichtung 10 mit Energie versorgt wird Die Notstromversorgungseinrichtung 1020 single network module 15 is supplied and is supplied with energy in the event of mains voltage drops and interruptions and in the event of complete failure of the mains supply while the elevator is in motion by a single emergency power supply device 10 according to the invention. The emergency power supply device 10
ZD besteht auch h er aus einer Energiespeicheremheit 11 und einem Leistungsflussregler 12, wobei die Energiespeicheremheit 11 entweder ausschliesslich aus Superkapazitäten oder aus einer vorstehend beschriebenen Kombination aus Superkapazitäten und Akkumulatoren besteht. Der LeistungsflussreglerZD also consists of an energy storage unit 11 and a power flow controller 12, the energy storage unit 11 either consisting exclusively of supercapacitors or of a combination of supercapacitors and accumulators described above. The power flow controller
3 12 hat dieselbe Funktion, wie sie bereits beschrieben wurde3 12 has the same function as already described
Auch hier werden bei Ausfall der Netzspeisung die Komponenten 18, welche für eine Evakuationsfahrt funktionsfähig sein müssen, über Abzweigleitungen 17 aus dem gemeinsamen Gleichspannungszwischenkreis 16 unterbrechungsf ei mit EnergieHere too, if the mains supply fails, the components 18, which must be functional for an evacuation trip, are uninterrupted with energy via branch lines 17 from the common DC voltage intermediate circuit 16
35 versorgt. E ne solche Mehrfachanordnung von Antrieben hat erstens den Vorteil, dass nur e einziges Netzmodul 15 erforderlich st, das vorzugsweise über die (für Emzelan- triebe im unteren Leistungsbereich üblicherweise zu teure) Fähigkeit verfugt, überschüssige Bremsenergie ins Netz zuruckzuspeisen . Zweitens können über den gemeinsamen Gleichspannungszwischenkreis 16 direkt Energieausgleichsvor- gange zwischen treibenden und bremsenden Antrieben stattfinden, was die Energiekosten reduziert. Ausserdem ist anstelle von mehreren separaten Notstromversorgungseinrichtungen nur eine einzige erfmdungsgemasse Notstromversorgungsemrichtung 10 erforderlich, was eine erhebliche Reduktion des Hardware - Aufwands und somit der Kosten zur Folge hat. 35 supplied. Such a multiple arrangement of drives firstly has the advantage that only one network module 15 is required, which is preferably provided via the (for drives in the lower power range usually have too expensive) ability to feed excess braking energy back into the network. Second, energy equalization processes between driving and braking drives can take place directly via the common direct voltage intermediate circuit 16, which reduces the energy costs. In addition, only a single emergency power supply device 10 according to the invention is required instead of a plurality of separate emergency power supply devices, which results in a considerable reduction in hardware complexity and thus in costs.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Notstromversorgungsemrichtung (10) für Aufzugsanlagen mit Elektromotor-Antrieben, die eine Energiespeichereinheit1. Emergency power supply device (10) for elevator systems with electric motor drives, which is an energy storage unit
(11) für elektrische Energie aufweist, welche kurzzeitige Netzspannungs-Abfalle oder -Unterbrechungen überbrückt und bei Ausfall der Netzspeisung wahrend einer Aufzugsfahrt die Durchfuhrung einer Evakuationsfahrt gewährleistet, indem sie alle an der Evakuationsfahrt beteiligten elektrischen(11) for electrical energy, which bridges short-term mains voltage drops or interruptions and, in the event of a power failure during an elevator journey, ensures that an evacuation journey is carried out by ensuring that all of the electrical ones involved in the evacuation journey are carried out
_j Komponenten der Aufzugsanlage mindestens solange mit Energie versorgt, bis die Aufzugskabme em Stockwerksniveau erreicht hat, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Energiespeicheremheit (11) Kondensatoren in Form_j Components of the elevator system are supplied with energy at least until the elevator cable reaches the floor level, characterized in that the energy storage unit (11) has capacitors in the form
15 von Superkapazitäten (13) enthalt15 of supercapacities (13) included
2. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Energiespeicheremheit (11) als Speichermedium entweder ausschliesslich Superkapazitäten (13) oder eine2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the energy storage unit (11) as a storage medium either exclusively supercapacities (13) or one
20 Kombination von Superkapazitäten (13) mit elektrochemisch wirkenden Akkumulatoren (14) enthalt.20 combination of supercapacities (13) with electrochemically acting batteries (14) contains.
3. Einrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie mit einem Frequenzumrichter (1)3. Device according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that it with a frequency converter (1)
25 zusammenwirkt, mit dem die Fahrgeschwindigkeit des Aufzugs geregelt wird.25 cooperates with which the travel speed of the elevator is regulated.
4. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ihre Energiespeicheremheit (11) aus dem Gleichspan-4. Device according to claim 3, characterized in that its energy storage unit (11) from the DC voltage
30 nungszwischenkreis (5) des Frequenzumrichters (1) geladen wird, und dass diese Energiespeicheremheit (11) gespeicherte Energie bei Bedarf wieder m diesen Gleichspannungszwischenkreis (5) einspeist, wobei em dazwischengeschalteter Leistungsflussregler (12) den Energiefluss zwischen den30 voltage intermediate circuit (5) of the frequency converter (1) is loaded, and that this energy storage unit (11) feeds stored energy as needed again into this DC voltage intermediate circuit (5), whereby the intermediate power flow controller (12) controls the energy flow between the
3_ unterschiedlichen Spannungsniveaus des Gleichspannungszwi- schenkreises (5) und der Energiespeicheremheit (11) steuert 3_ controls different voltage levels of the DC voltage intermediate circuit (5) and the energy storage unit (11)
5. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie bei Ausfall der Netzspeisung über den Gleichspannungszwischenkreis des Frequenzumrichters mindestens diejenigen elektrischen Komponenten (18) der Aufzugsanlage mit o Notstrom versorgt, die für eine vollständige Evakuations ahrt funktionieren müssen, wobei diese Komponenten (18) auch im Normalbetrieb aus dem erwähnten Gleichspannungszwischenkreis (5) gespeist werden.5. Device according to claim 4, characterized in that it supplies at least those electrical components (18) of the elevator system with emergency power supply that fail to function for a complete evacuation if the mains supply fails via the DC intermediate circuit of the frequency converter, these components (18) can also be fed from the DC link (5) mentioned in normal operation.
0 6. Verfahren zur Notstromversorgung von Aufzugsanlagen mit Elektromotor-Antrieben, bei dem eine Notstromversorgungsemrichtung (10) bei Ausfall der Netzspeisung oder bei kurzzeitigen Netzspannungs-Abfallen oder -Unterbrechungen wahrend einer Aufzugsfahrt mindestens die für eine Evakuationsfahrt 5 wichtigen Komponenten (18) der Aufzugsanlage mindestens solange mit Energie versorgt, bis die Aufzugskabme em Stockwerksniveau erreicht hat, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens ein Teil der Notstromversorgungs-Energie in 0 Speichermedien in der Form von Superkapazitäten (13) gespeichert ist.6.The method for emergency power supply of elevator systems with electric motor drives, in which an emergency power supply device (10) at least in the event of a power failure or in the event of brief mains voltage drops or interruptions during an elevator journey, at least the components (18) of the elevator system which are important for an evacuation journey 5 provided with energy until the elevator car has reached the floor level, characterized in that at least some of the emergency power supply energy is stored in 0 storage media in the form of supercapacities (13).
7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass be Ausfall der Netzspeisung oder bei kurzzeitigen Netzspan- 5 nungs-Abfallen oder -Unterbrechungen die Notstromversorgungsemrichtung (10) unterbruchsfrei zum Einsatz kommt.7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the emergency power supply device (10) is used without interruption if the mains supply fails or in the event of brief mains voltage drops or interruptions.
8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6 oder 7 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine einzige Notstromversorgungsemrichtung (10) 0 mehrere Aufzuge versorgt.8. The method according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that a single emergency power supply device (10) 0 supplies several elevators.
9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6 oder 7 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Notstromversorgungsemrichtung (10) entweder stationär im Gebäude oder mobil auf einem Aufzugsfahrzeug mit 5 integrierten Antrieben installiert ist. 9. The method according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the emergency power supply device (10) is installed either stationary in the building or mobile on an elevator vehicle with 5 integrated drives.
10. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Notstromversorgungsemrichtung (10) eine Energiespeicheremheit (11) enthalt, die über einen Leistungsflussregler (12) dauernd mit dem Gleichspannungszwischenkreis (5) eines Frequenzumrichters (1) n Verbindung steht und so ausgelegt ist, dass sie, zusätzlich zu ihrer Funktion als Notstromspeicher , im Normalbetrieb des Aufzugs der Reduktion der für die Aufzugsanlage erforderlichen Netzanschlussleistung dient, indem die Energiespeicheremheit (11) m Phasen mit niedrigem Leistungsbedarf des Antriebssystems Energie aus dem Netz aufnimmt, bei Bremsvorgangen Energie rekuperiert und bei hohem Leistungsbedarf Energie an das Antriebssystem abgibt. 10. The method according to any one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that the emergency power supply device (10) contains an energy storage unit (11) which is continuously connected via a power flow controller (12) with the DC voltage intermediate circuit (5) of a frequency converter (1) and is designed in such a way that, in addition to its function as emergency power storage, it serves to reduce the network connection power required for the elevator system during normal operation of the elevator by the energy storage unit (11) absorbing energy from the network in phases with low power requirements of the drive system, and energy during braking recuperates and releases energy to the drive system when there is a high power requirement.
EP01911324A 2000-03-31 2001-03-21 Emergency power supply device for lift systems Expired - Lifetime EP1272418B1 (en)

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EP00810272 2000-03-31
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PCT/CH2001/000175 WO2001074703A1 (en) 2000-03-31 2001-03-21 Emergency power supply device for lift systems
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