EP1269103B1 - Gilet balistique - Google Patents

Gilet balistique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1269103B1
EP1269103B1 EP01910221A EP01910221A EP1269103B1 EP 1269103 B1 EP1269103 B1 EP 1269103B1 EP 01910221 A EP01910221 A EP 01910221A EP 01910221 A EP01910221 A EP 01910221A EP 1269103 B1 EP1269103 B1 EP 1269103B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
vest
stack
fabric
layers
fibres
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP01910221A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1269103A1 (fr
Inventor
Peter Hubertus Wilhelmus Steeghs
Marc Blaauw
Wilhelmus Alphonsus Raymundus Maria Pessers
Jan Lodewijk Lindemulder
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DSM IP Assets BV
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DSM IP Assets BV
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Publication date
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Publication of EP1269103A1 publication Critical patent/EP1269103A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1269103B1 publication Critical patent/EP1269103B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H1/00—Personal protection gear
    • F41H1/02—Armoured or projectile- or missile-resistant garments; Composite protection fabrics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/02—Plate construction
    • F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
    • F41H5/0471—Layered armour containing fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers
    • F41H5/0485—Layered armour containing fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers all the layers being only fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a ballistic vest containing a stack of flexible fabrics and a stack of flexible unidirectional layers, in which the fabrics contain strong fibres of a first kind, the unidirectional layers contain strong fibres of a second kind, and in which the fibres in a unidirectional layer run essentially parallel and are disposed at an angle to fibres in an adjacent layer which is greater than 0 degrees.
  • the invention more particularly relates to vests that provide protection against hollow-point bullets.
  • US 5,926,842 discloses a ballistic vest consisting of a stack of flexible plain weave fabric layers and a stack of flexible unidirectional layers, herein referred to as UD layers, in which the fibres run essentially parallel and are disposed at an angle of 90 degrees to the fibres in an adjacent layer. Such a stack of at least two cross-plied UD layers is herein referred to as a UD cross-ply.
  • US 5,926,842 teaches that the UD cross-plies are preferably located on a strike side of the vest.
  • a vest of this kind with an areal density of approx. 4.9 kg/m 2 offers, for example, protection against threats such as those specified in the NIJ2 and NIJ2a standards.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a vest with a lower areal density that offers protection against Action 3 bullets.
  • the flexible fabric being a loose fabric and being located on the strike side of the vest. This ensures that a vest of the invention with areal density of less than 6 kg/m 2 offers protection against Action 3 bullets.
  • a loose fabric here and hereinafter means a fabric the yarns in which can readily move relative to one another. Such a fabric is also deformable.
  • a vest provided with a loose fabric on the strike side of the vest offers improved protection against Action 3 bullets.
  • the vest of the invention with lower areal density, can offer the same protection as a vest that does not contain a loose fabric on the strike side.
  • An advantage of the vest of the invention is that it is more comfortable to wear because of its lower weight.
  • the ballistic resistance of a vest can be classified according to various standards.
  • One such standard is NIJ Standard 0101.03, which defines various levels of protection.
  • a vest to the NIJ2a standard must stop for example a 357 Magnum JSP with a velocity of 381 m/s and also a 9 mm FMJ with a velocity of 332 m/s.
  • a vest to the NIJ3a standard must stop a .44 Magnum SWC at 426 m/s and a 9 mm FMJ at 426 m/s.
  • the extent to which the body side deforms behind an impact is a second requirement of NIJ Standard 0101.03.
  • This deformation measures the trauma experienced by the wearer of a vest on impact of a projectile.
  • An advantage of the vest of the invention is that, despite its lower weight, deformation on the body side of the vest meets the requirement of NIJ Standard 0101.03.
  • Loose fabrics may be for example twill weave, honeycomb weave, cord weave or three-dimensional fabrics. It is essential here that the fabric be a drapable one.
  • a drapable fabric generally is a fabric in which the number of floats is at least 3, which means that the fabric contains yarns that at the same time cross at least 3 other yarns.
  • the fibres in the loose fabrics are also substantially stretched.
  • Non-wovens were found not to contribute to stopping Action 3 bullets.
  • the loose fabric is a twill weave fabric.
  • Twill weave fabrics are fabrics in which the warp and weft do not cross one another at a 1:1 ratio, as they do in a fabric with plain weave, but at a ratio other than 1:1.
  • a 4.1 twill weave fabric the weft crosses 4 warp yarns on one side of the fabric, 1 warp yarn on the other side of the fabric and so forth.
  • the number of floats in such a fabric is 4.
  • the fabric of the invention is a 5.1 twill weave. This provided the highest protection against Action 3 bullets at the lowest vest weight.
  • the stack of UD layers may consist of one UD package or a plurality of UD packages.
  • the stack of UD layers preferably consists of a plurality of UD packages each of which contains two or four UD layers.
  • the packages are provided with a smooth film on both sides, resulting in reduced friction between the packages and higher flexibility of the stack.
  • Fibres should here be understood to mean elongated bodies whose length is substantially larger than the width and thickness. Fibres comprise continuous monofilaments and multifilaments as well as discontinuous filaments such as staple fibres or cut fibres.
  • the percentages by weight of the stack of loose fabrics and the stack of UD layers in the vest may be between 10:90 and 50:50%. If the percentage by weight of loose fibres is less than 10%, a disproportionately high number of UD layers need to be added to the vest, causing the advantage of lower weight to be lost. If the percentage by weight of loose fibres is greater than 50 %, any additional layers of twill fabric contribute less than proportionately to protection against Action 3 bullets, again causing the advantage of lower weight to be lost.
  • the percentages by weight of the stack of loose fabrics and the stack of UD layers prefferably be between 15:85 and 30:70 %.
  • a vest of the invention in which the first and second stack have a total areal density of less than 5.2 kg/m 2 , has a ballistic resistance such that the vest complies with the NIJ3a standard.
  • a vest of the invention with a first and second stack, which together have an areal density of less than 4.5 kg/m 2 has such ballistic resistance as to stop an Action 3 bullet with a velocity of up to 385 m/s with a trauma to NIJ Standard of less than 44 mm.
  • “Strong fibres” of a first or second kind may be of different kinds or of the same kind and in the present invention generally are fibres with a strength of at least 6 dN/tex, a modulus of at least 130 dN/tex and a fracture energy of at least 8 J/g.
  • Strong fibres preferably are fibres with a strength of at least 10 dN/tex, a modulus of at least 200 dN/tex and a fracture energy of at least 20 J/g.
  • Strong fibres more preferably are fibres with a strength of at least 16 dN/tex, a modulus of at least 400 dN/tex and a fracture energy of at least 27 J/g.
  • Strong fibres most preferably are fibres with a strength of at least 28 dN/tex, a modulus of at least 1200 dN/tex and a fracture energy of at least 40 J/g. If the fibres of the first kind do not have the same strength as the fibres of the second kind, it is recommended that the fibres of the first kind be stronger than the fibres of the second kind.
  • Suitable strong fibres are fibres of aramid, polybenzazole (PBO), silicium carbide and/or a reinforced polymer such as drawn ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (HPPE) and/or combinations thereof.
  • Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene means polyethylene with a weight-average molecular weight of at least 500,000 kg/kmol.
  • the molecular weight is preferred for the molecular weight to be greater than 2,000,000 kg/kmol. It is preferred for the vest of the invention to have a stack of UD layers in which the UD layers mainly contain aramid or PBO fibres. This ensures that a vest in which the first and second stack have a combined areal density of less than 4 kg/m 2 has such ballistic resistance as to stop an Action 3 bullet with a velocity of up to 385 m/s with a trauma to NIJ standard of less than 44 mm.
  • An advantage of the vest of the invention is that a construction in which unidirectional layers are replaced with loose fabrics offers improved protection against certain types of ammunition including Action 3 bullets. Given that loose fabrics are much simpler to produce, the production costs of a vest of the invention are lower than those of known vests consisting solely of UD layers.
  • Ballistic fabrics such as those applied in known vests are predominantly tightly woven fixed fabrics, often with a yarn having as low a titre as possible. Both the manufacture of yarns and the manufacture of fabrics therefrom is much more costly than the manufacture of UD cross-ply.
  • the titre of the yarns for the loose fabric need not meet any particular requirements. It is preferred, however, for the vest of the invention to contain a fabric package in which the fabric essentially consists of yarns with a titre of at least 1000 dTex. With such yarns better results are achieved than with fabric packages from yarns with a titre of less than 1000 dTex.
  • An additional advantage of yarns with a higher titre is that both the yarns and the fabric formed therefrom can be produced more cheaply than yarns with a lower titre.
  • AD Areal density of a fabric or UD layer or package means the weight of a fabric or UD layer per unit area.
  • UD-SB2 is a package of four cross-plied layers in which the fibres in each layer run substantially in parallel and are disposed perpendicularly to the fibres in an adjacent layer, with each layer being fabricated of HPPE yarns (Dyneema®). The yam weight per layer is 26 g/m 2 .
  • the UD-SB2 package contains a rubber matrix and is covered on both sides with a PE film.
  • An UD-SB2 package has an AD of 155 g/m 2 .
  • UD-SB21 is a package of four cross-plied layers in which the fibres in each layer run substantially in parallel and are disposed perpendicularly to the fibres in an adjacent layer, with each layer being fabricated of HPPE yarns (Dyneema®). The yam weight per layer is 26 g/m 2 .
  • the UD-SB21 package contains a rubber matrix and is covered on both sides with a PE film.
  • An UD-SB21 package has an AD of 145 g/m 2 .
  • Goldflex is a 4-layer cross-ply UD based on 1100 dTex aramid yarns with an AD of 233 g/m 2 .
  • W557 is a 5.1 twill weave fabric with the warp and weft consisting of a 1760 dTex HPPE yam (Dyneema®).
  • the areal density of a fabric layer is 270 g/m 2 .
  • the fabric is loose and well drapable.
  • Aramid fabric is a non-deformable plain weave fabric based on 930 dTex aramid yam (Twaron ® TC) with an AD of 200 g/m 2 .
  • Twaron VD0461 is a fixed, non-deformable fabric based on 3360 dTex aramid yarn with an areal density of 475 g/m 2 .
  • Fraglight ® is a nonwoven based on HPPE staple fibre of more than 880 dTex with an AD of 205 g/m 2 .
  • a vest of a stack of 20 packages of UD-SB2 and 4 layers of W557 was fired at with A3 bullets at 385 m/s.
  • the vest with AD of 4.2 kg/m 2 , showed no full penetration.
  • this vest is lighter for 385 m/s than might be expected in light of the energy absorption in the vest with AD of 5.85 kg/m 2 .
  • a vest of a stack of 12 packages of aramid cross-ply-UD (Goldflex) and 4 layers of W557 was fired at with A3 bullets at 385 m/s.
  • Firing tests were conducted in accordance with the NIJ2 standard, with a vest of a stack of 20 packages of UD-SB2 and 4 layers of W557 being tested with the 9 mm at 360 m/s and the .357 Magnum at 425 m/s. No full penetration was observed in either case.
  • a vest of a stack of 20 packages of UD-SB2 and 4 layers of W557 with AD of 4.2 kg/m 2 meets the NIJ standard.
  • the current recommendation for an SB-2 vest that meets the NIJ 2 standard is a stack of 29 packages of UD-SB2 with AD of 4.5 kg/m 2 .
  • a vest of a stack of 26 packages of UD-SB2 and 4 layers of W557 with AD of 5.1 kg/m 2 complies with the NIJ3a standard for 9 mm and .44 Magnum.
  • the current SB2 recommendation for meeting this standard is a vest of a stack of UD-SB2 packages of 5.3 kg/m 2 .
  • Stops were found at 421 and 425 m/s with traumas of 33 and 35 mm, respectively.
  • Vests of a stack of 20 packages of UD-SB21 and 4 layers of W557 with total areal density of 4 kg/m2 were fired at with FSP fragments in order to determine V50.
  • V50 was found to be 549 m/s.
  • V50 was found to be 523 m/s. This shows that the vest of the invention has an unexpectedly high V50 against FSP fragments at this low areal density. Consequently, the energy absorption per unit of areal density is extraordinarily high.
  • Vests of approx. 3.2 kg/m 2 were prepared in order to measure a standard ballistic performance of the various materials. Next, V50 was determined for 9 mm parabellum.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Professional, Industrial, Or Sporting Protective Garments (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Gilet balistique contenant une superposition de tissus flexibles et une superposition de couches unidirectionnelles flexibles, dans lequel les tissus contiennent des fibres solides d'un premier type, les couches unidirectionnelles contiennent des fibres solides d'un deuxième type, dans lequel les fibres dans une couche unidirectionnelle s'étendent d'une manière essentiellement parallèle et sont disposées à un angle par rapport aux fibres dans une couche adjacente qui est supérieur à 0 degré, et dans lequel le tissu flexible est situé sur un côté du gilet destiné à recevoir l'impact, caractérisé en ce que le tissu flexible est un tissu lâche contenant au moins 3 flottés.
  2. Gilet selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le tissu lâche est un sergé.
  3. Gilet selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, dans lequel les pourcentages pondéraux de la superposition de tissus lâches et de la superposition de couches unidirectionnelles sont de 15:85 à 30:70 %.
  4. Gilet selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1-3, pouvant être utilisé pour stopper une balle Action 3 ayant une vitesse jusqu'à 437 m/s avec un trauma selon la norme NIJ inférieur à 44 mm, dans lequel la première superposition et la deuxième superposition, ensemble, ont une densité surfacique inférieure à 6 kg/m2.
  5. Gilet selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1-3, pouvant être utilisé pour stopper une balle Action 3 ayant une vitesse jusqu'à 385 m/s avec un trauma selon la norme NIJ inférieur à 44 mm, dans lequel la première superposition et la deuxième superposition, ensemble, ont une densité surfacique inférieure à 4,5 kg/m2.
  6. Gilet selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1-3, dans lequel la première superposition et la deuxième superposition, ensemble, ont une densité surfacique inférieure à 5,2 kg/m2.
  7. Gilet selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1-6, dans lequel la couche unidirectionnelle contient principalement des fibres d'aramide ou de polybenzazole (PBO).
  8. Gilet selon la revendication 7, pouvant être utilisé pour stopper une balle Action 3 ayant une vitesse jusqu'à 385 m/s avec un trauma selon la norme NIJ inférieur à 44 mm, dans lequel la première superposition et la deuxième superposition, ensemble, ont une densité surfacique inférieure à 4 kg/m2.
  9. Gilet selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1-8, dans lequel le tissu est un tissu sergé 5/1.
  10. Gilet selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1-9, dans lequel le tissu lâche contient des fibres de polyéthylène à ultra-haute masse moléculaire étiré.
EP01910221A 2000-02-10 2001-02-05 Gilet balistique Expired - Lifetime EP1269103B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL1014345 2000-02-10
NL1014345A NL1014345C2 (nl) 2000-02-10 2000-02-10 Ballistisch vest.
PCT/NL2001/000091 WO2001059397A1 (fr) 2000-02-10 2001-02-05 Gilet balistique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1269103A1 EP1269103A1 (fr) 2003-01-02
EP1269103B1 true EP1269103B1 (fr) 2011-11-30

Family

ID=19770789

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01910221A Expired - Lifetime EP1269103B1 (fr) 2000-02-10 2001-02-05 Gilet balistique

Country Status (9)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1269103B1 (fr)
KR (1) KR100567118B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1196910C (fr)
AT (1) ATE535772T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2001237801A1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2399538C (fr)
NL (1) NL1014345C2 (fr)
TW (1) TW461956B (fr)
WO (1) WO2001059397A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110129657A1 (en) * 2005-02-11 2011-06-02 Norman Clough Ballistic Resistant Composite Fabric
US20100293691A1 (en) * 2007-06-06 2010-11-25 Shitij Chabba Multilayered material sheet for use in soft ballistics
CN102015282B (zh) * 2008-04-29 2015-05-06 帝斯曼知识产权资产管理有限公司 第一层和第二层的叠层、板和包含叠层或板的防弹制品
CN101684992B (zh) * 2008-09-27 2013-06-12 宁波荣溢化纤科技有限公司 一种防弹复合板
US20130047830A1 (en) 2010-05-06 2013-02-28 Dsm Ip Assets B.V. Article comprising polymeric tapes
CN101982590A (zh) * 2010-11-16 2011-03-02 苏州一丞咨询服务有限公司 叠层斜纹组织面料
CN103582801B (zh) * 2011-05-03 2015-11-25 帝人芳纶有限公司 防弹板
KR200488184Y1 (ko) * 2017-07-27 2018-12-26 주식회사 디알하이텍 방탄 조끼

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB883529A (en) * 1957-04-02 1961-11-29 Secr Defence Brit Ballistic armour
EP0265550A1 (fr) * 1986-10-31 1988-05-04 Erna Roth Elément de blindage laminé
US6003424A (en) * 1990-03-08 1999-12-21 Alliedsignal Inc. Armor systems
WO1993004336A2 (fr) * 1991-08-23 1993-03-04 Coppage Edward A Jr Tissu protecteur
US5660913A (en) * 1995-12-13 1997-08-26 Safariland, Inc. Anti-ballistic protective composite fabric
US5926842A (en) 1996-10-02 1999-07-27 Safariland Ltd., Inc. Ballistic vest

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
RUAG AMMOTEC: "9 mm Luger SINTOX TM - ACTION 3", 1 May 2008, 20080501, PAGE(S) 1, XP007916673 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL1014345C2 (nl) 2001-08-13
KR20020079845A (ko) 2002-10-19
CA2399538C (fr) 2008-04-22
CN1196910C (zh) 2005-04-13
ATE535772T1 (de) 2011-12-15
EP1269103A1 (fr) 2003-01-02
KR100567118B1 (ko) 2006-03-31
WO2001059397A1 (fr) 2001-08-16
AU2001237801A1 (en) 2001-08-20
CA2399538A1 (fr) 2001-08-16
CN1422378A (zh) 2003-06-04
TW461956B (en) 2001-11-01

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