Classifications

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  • C07D239/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings
  • C07D239/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D239/28—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D239/32—One oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen atom
  • C07D239/42—One nitrogen atom
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
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  • C07D211/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings
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  • C07D211/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D211/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D211/18—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D211/20—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms with hydrocarbon radicals, substituted by singly bound oxygen or sulphur atoms
  • C07D211/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms with hydrocarbon radicals, substituted by singly bound oxygen or sulphur atoms by oxygen atoms
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  • C07D211/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D211/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D211/18—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D211/26—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms with hydrocarbon radicals, substituted by nitrogen atoms
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  • C07D211/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings
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  • C07D211/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D211/36—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D211/40—Oxygen atoms
  • C07D211/42—Oxygen atoms attached in position 3 or 5
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  • C07D211/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings
  • C07D211/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
  • C07D211/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D211/36—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D211/56—Nitrogen atoms
  • C07D211/58—Nitrogen atoms attached in position 4
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  • C07D211/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings
  • C07D211/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
  • C07D211/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D211/36—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D211/60—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
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  • C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
  • C07D213/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D213/36—Radicals substituted by singly-bound nitrogen atoms
  • C07D213/38—Radicals substituted by singly-bound nitrogen atoms having only hydrogen or hydrocarbon radicals attached to the substituent nitrogen atom
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  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D241/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4-diazine or hydrogenated 1,4-diazine rings
  • C07D241/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4-diazine or hydrogenated 1,4-diazine rings not condensed with other rings
  • C07D241/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4-diazine or hydrogenated 1,4-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D241/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4-diazine or hydrogenated 1,4-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D241/20—Nitrogen atoms
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  • C07D295/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms
  • C07D295/16—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms acylated on ring nitrogen atoms
  • C07D295/18—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms acylated on ring nitrogen atoms by radicals derived from carboxylic acids, or sulfur or nitrogen analogues thereof
  • C07D295/182—Radicals derived from carboxylic acids
  • C07D295/185—Radicals derived from carboxylic acids from aliphatic carboxylic acids
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  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D317/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D317/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3
  • C07D317/44—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3 ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
  • C07D317/46—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3 ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems condensed with one six-membered ring
  • C07D317/48—Methylenedioxybenzenes or hydrogenated methylenedioxybenzenes, unsubstituted on the hetero ring
  • C07D317/50—Methylenedioxybenzenes or hydrogenated methylenedioxybenzenes, unsubstituted on the hetero ring with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to atoms of the carbocyclic ring
  • C07D317/58—Radicals substituted by nitrogen atoms
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  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
  • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D401/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D405/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond

Definitions

• This invention relates to novel succinoylamino heterocycles having drug and bio-affecting properties, their pharmaceutical compositions and methods of use. These novel compounds inhibit the processing of amyloid precursor protein and, more specifically, inhibit the production of A ⁇ -peptide, thereby acting to prevent the formation of neurological deposits of amyloid protein. More particularly, the present invention relates to the treatment of neurological disorders related to ⁇ -amyloid production such as Alzheimer's disease and Down's Syndrome.
• AD Alzheimer's disease
• AD is a degenerative brain disorder characterized clinically by progressive loss of memory, temporal and local orientation, cognition, reasoning, judgment and emotional stability.
• AD is a common cause of progressive dementia in humans and is one of the major causes of death in the United States.
• AD has been observed in all races and ethnic groups worldwide, and is a major present and future health problem. No treatment that effectively prevents AD or reverses the clinical symptoms and underlying pathophysiology is currently available (for review, Dennis J. Sel oe; Cell Biology of the amyloid (beta) -protein precursor and the mechanism of Alzheimer's disease, Annu Rev Cell Biol, 1994, 10: 373- 403) .
• a ⁇ is an internal polypeptide derived from a type 1 integral membrane protein, termed ⁇ amyloid precursor protein (APP) .
• APP amyloid precursor protein
• ⁇ APP is normally produced by many cells both in vivo and in cultured cells, derived from various animals and humans.
• a ⁇ is derived from cleavage of ⁇ APP by as yet unknown enzyme (protease) system (s) , collectively termed secretases .
• proteolytic activities include ⁇ secretase (s) , generating the N-terminus of A ⁇ , a secretase (s) cleaving around the 16/17 peptide bond in A ⁇ , and ⁇ secretases, generating C-terminal A ⁇ fragments ending at position 38, 39, 40, 42, and 43 or generating C-terminal extended precursors which are subsequently truncated to the above polypeptides.
• a ⁇ is the major protein found in amyloid plaques.
• a ⁇ is neurotoxic and may be causally related to neuronal death observed in AD patients .
• missense DNA mutations at position 717 in the 770 isoform of ⁇ APP can be found in effected members but not unaffected members of several families with a genetically determined (familiar) form of AD.
• ⁇ APP mutations have been described in familiar forms of AD.
• similar neuropathological changes have been observed in transgenic animals overexpressing mutant forms of human ⁇ APP.
• individuals with Down's syndrome have an increased gene dosage of ⁇ APP and develop early-onset AD. Taken together, these observations strongly suggest that A ⁇ depositions may be causally related to the AD.
• Methods of treatment could target the formation of A ⁇ through the enzymes involved in the proteolytic processing of ⁇ amyloid precursor protein.
• Compounds that inhibit ⁇ or ⁇ secretase activity could control the production of A ⁇ .
• compounds that specifically target ⁇ secretases could control the production of A ⁇ .
• Such inhibition of ⁇ or ⁇ secretases could thereby reduce production of A ⁇ , which, thereby, could reduce or prevent the neurological disorders associated with A ⁇ protein.
• EP 0652009A1 relates to the general formula:
• One object of the present invention is to provide novel compounds which are useful as inhibitors of the production of A ⁇ protein or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or prodrugs thereof.
• R 3 , R 3a , R 5 , R 5a , R 11 , t, B, L, and Z are effective inhibitors of the production of A ⁇ protein.
• the present invention provides a novel compound of Formula (I) :
• n 0, 1, 2, or 3;
• n 0, 1, 2, or 3;
• R 3a is H, OH, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, C2-C4 alkenyl, or C2-C4 alkenyloxy;
• R 3 and.R a and the carbon to which they are attached, may be combined to form a 3-8 membered cycloalkyl moiety substituted with 0-2 R 4 ; provided that R5 and R ⁇ a are not combined to form a 3-8 membered cycloalkyl moiety;
• R 4 is H, OH, OR 1 , C ⁇ C6 alkyl substituted with 0-3 R ,
• R 4a is independently selected from: H, F, Cl, Br, I, CF3,
• R 5 is H, OR 14 ; C1-C6 alkyl substituted with 0-3 R 5b ;
• R 5a is H, OH, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, C2-C4 alkenyl, or C2-C alkenyloxy;
• R ⁇ and R ⁇ a may be combined to form a 3-8 membered cycloalkyl moiety substituted with 0-2 R ⁇ k; provided that R 3 and R 3a are not combined to form a 3-8 membered cycloalkyl moiety;
• R 7 is independently selected from: H, OH, Cl, F, Br, I, CN, NO2 , CF3 , and C1-C4 alkyl;
• R 7a is independently selected from: H, OH, Cl, F, Br, I, CN, O2 , CF3 , aryl and C1-C4 al yl ;
• R 7 is independently selected from H and C1-C4 alkyl
• L is a bond, C 1 -C alkyl, C 2 -C 4 alkenyl, C 2 ⁇ C 4 alkynyl, -(CH2)p-0-(CH2)q-, or - (CH2 ) -NR 10 - (CH2) q-;
• p 0, 1, 2, or 3 ;
• q 0, 1, 2, or 3;
• Z is C 3 -C 10 carbocycle substituted with 0-2 R ⁇ b.
• Rl2 wherein the heterocycle contains 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from N, 0 and S;
• RH at each occurrence, is independently selected from: C1-C4 alkoxy, Cl, F, Br, I, -OH, CN, NO2 , NR 18 R 19 ,
• two R 11 substituents on the same or adjacent carbon atoms may be combined to form a C3-C6 carbocycle or a benzo fused radical, wherein said carbocycle or benzo fused radical is substituted with 0-4 R 13 ;
• R ⁇ substituents on adjacent atoms may be combined to form a 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl fused radical, wherein said 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl fused radical comprises 1 or 2 heteroato s selected from N, 0, and S; wherein said 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl fused radical is substituted with 0-3 R ⁇ 3 ;
• R.llb each occurrence, is independently selected from: H, OH, Cl, F, Br, I, CN, NO2 , NR 15 R 16 , CF3 , acetyl,
• t 0, 1, 2 or 3;
• R 13 at each occurrence, is independently selected from: H, OH, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, Cl, F, Br, I, CN, N02, NR 15 R 16 , and CF3 ;
• R ⁇ at each occurrence, is independently selected from:
• R 14a ⁇ s H, phenyl, benzyl, or C1-C4 alkyl
• R ⁇ 5 and R l ⁇ on the same N atom may be combined to form a 5 to 6 membered heterocyclic fused radical, wherein said 5 to 6 membered heterocyclic fused radical comprises 1 or 2 heteroato s selected from N and O;
• R 17 is H, aryl, aryl-CH2 ⁇ , C1-C6 alkyl, or C2-C6 alkoxyalkyl;
• R ⁇ 8 and R 19 on the same N atom may be combined to form a 5 to 6 membered heterocyclic fused radical, wherein said 5- to 6 membered heterocyclic fused radical comprises 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from N and 0.
• R 3 is -(CR 7 R 7a ) n -R 4 ,
• n 0, 1, 2, or 3;
• n 0, 1, 2, or 3;
• R 3a is H, OH, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, or butoxy;
• R 3 and R 3a may be combined to form a 3-8 membered cycloalkyl moiety substituted with 0-1 R 4b ; provided that R5 and R ⁇ a are not combined to form a 3-8 membered cycloalkyl moiety;
• R 4 is H, OH, 0R 1 ,
• Ci-C ⁇ alkyl substituted with 0-3 R a C2-C6 alkenyl substituted with 0-3 R 4a , C2-C6 alkynyl substituted with 0-3 R a ,
• R a is independently selected from: H, F, Cl, Br, I, CF3,
• R 5 is H, OR 14 ;
• R 5a is H, OH, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy,or allyl;
• R ⁇ c is independently selected from: H, OH, Cl, F, Br, I, CN, O2 , NR 15 R 16 , CF3 , acetyl,
• R ⁇ and R ⁇ a may be combined to form a 3-8 membered cycloalkyl moiety substituted with 0-1 R 5b ; provided that R 3 and R 3a are not combined to form a 3-8 membered cycloalkyl moiety;
• R 7 is independently selected from: H, OH, Cl, F, Br, I, CN, NO2 , CF3 , and C1-C4 alkyl;
• R 7a is independently selected from: H, OH, Cl, F, Br, I, CN, NO2 , CF3 , aryl and C1-C4 alkyl ;
• R 7 is independently selected from H and C1-C4 alkyl ;
• L is a bond, C- L -C 4 alkyl , C 2 -C alkenyl , C 2 -C alkynyl , - (CH2 ) p-0- (CH2 ) q- , or - (CH2 ) p-NR l ⁇ - (CH2 ) q- ;
• p 0, 1, 2, or 3 ;
• q 0, 1, 2, or 3;
• Z is C 3 -C 10 carbocycle substituted with 0-2 R 12b ; C6- l0 aryl substituted with 0-4 R ⁇ b. anc 5 to 10 membered heterocycle substituted with 0-5
• Rl2b wherein the heterocycle contains 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroato s selected from N, 0 and S;
• a each occurrence is independently selected from: H, OH, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, Cl, F, Br, I, CN, N02, NR 15 R 16 , or CF3;
• RH at each occurrence, is independently selected from: C1-C4 alkoxy, Cl, F, Br, I, OH, CN, 02 , R 18 R1 9 ,
• two R ⁇ substituents on the same or adjacent carbon atoms may be combined to form a C3-C6 carbocycle or a benzo fused radical wherein said benzo fused radical is substituted with 0-4 R 13 ;
• R ⁇ 1 substituents on adjacent atoms may be combined to form a 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl fused radical, wherein said 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl fused radical comprises 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from N, 0, and S; wherein said 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl fused radical is substituted with 0-3 R 13 ;
• R ll at each occurrence, is independently selected from: H, OH, Cl, F, Br, I, CN, N02 , NR 15 R 16 , CF3 , C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, C1-C4 haloalkyl, and C1-C4 haloalkoxy;
• t 0, 1, 2 or 3;
• R ⁇ 3 is independently selected from: H, OH, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, Cl, F, Br, I, CN, N02, NR 15 R 16 , and CF3 ;
• R 14 is H, phenyl, benzyl, Ci-C ⁇ alkyl, or C2-C6 alkoxyalkyl ;
• R 14a is H, phenyl, benzyl, or C1-C4 alkyl
• R 15 and R 16 on the same N atom may be combined to form a 5 to 6 membered heterocyclic fused radical, wherein said 5 to 6 membered heterocyclic fused radical comprises 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from N and 0;
• R 17 is H, aryl, (aryl)CH2-, C1-C6 alkyl, or C2-C6 alkoxyalkyl ;
• RI 9 is independently selected from:
• R ⁇ 8 and R ⁇ 9 on the same N atom may be combined to form a 5 to 6 membered heterocyclic fused radical, wherein said 5 to 6 membered heterocyclic fused radical comprises 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from N and O .
• the present invention provides a compound of Formula (I) wherein:
• R 3 is -(CHR 7 ) n -R 4 , -(CHR 7 ) n -S-(CHR 7) m-R 4 ,
• n 0, 1, or 2;
• n 0, 1, or 2;
• R 3 is H
• R 3 and R 3a and the carbon to which they are attached, may be combined to form a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl moiety; provided that R ⁇ and R ⁇ a are no t combined to form a cycloalkyl moiety;
• R 4 is H, OH, OR 1 a ,
• R a is independently selected from: H, F, Cl, Br, I CF3,
• R 5 is H, OR 14 ;
• R a is H
• R ⁇ b at each occurrence, is independently selected from:
• R ⁇ and R ⁇ >a and the carbon to which they are attached, may be combined to form a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl moiety; provided that R 3 and R 3a are not combined to form a cycloalkyl moiety;
• R 7 at each occurrence, is independently selected from: H, OH, Cl, F, Br, I, CN, N02 , CF3 , and C1-C4 alkyl;
• R 7b is independently selected from: H, methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl;
• p 0, 1, 2, or 3 ;
• q 0, 1, 2, or 3;
• Z is C 3 -C 10 carbocycle substituted with 0-2 R 12 ;
• heterocycle substituted with 0-5 l b ; wherein the heterocycle contains 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from N, 0 and S;
• B is a 5, 6, or 7 membered amino-heterocyclic ring, comprising one N atom, 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and optionally, an additional heteroatom -N(R LZ )-; wherein the amino-heterocyclic ring is saturated or partially saturated; and wherein R LZ is either R 10 or the substituent -L-Z;
• R 1 ⁇ )b at each occurrence, is independently selected from H, OH, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, Cl, F, Br, I, CN, NO2 , NR 15 R l ⁇ , or CF3;
• two R 1 substituents on the same or adjacent carbon atoms may be combined to form a C3-C6 carbocycle or a benzo fused radical wherein said benzo fused radical is substituted with 0-4 R 13 ;
• R 1 substituents on adjacent atoms may be combined to form a 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl fused radical, wherein said 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl fused radical comprises 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from N, 0, and S; wherein said 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl fused radical is substituted with 0-3 R 13 ;
• t 0, 1, 2 or 3;
• R 13 at each occurrence, is independently selected from: H, OH, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, Cl, F, Br, I, CN, NO2, NR 15 R 16 , and CF3 ;
• R 4 is H, phenyl, benzyl, C ⁇ Cg alkyl, or C2-Cg alkoxyalkyl;
• R 4a is H, phenyl, benzyl, or C1-C4 alkyl
• R ⁇ and R l ⁇ on the same N atom may be combined to form a 5 to 6 membered heterocyclic fused radical, wherein said 5 to 6 membered heterocyclic is selected from pyrrolidonyl, piperidonyl, piperazinyl, and morpholinyl;
• R 17 is H, aryl, (aryl)CH2-, C1-C6 alkyl, or C2-C6 alkoxyalkyl ;
• R 1 ⁇ and R 19 on the same N atom may be combined to form a 5 to 6 membered heterocyclic fused radical, wherein said 5 to 6 membered heterocyclic is selected from pyrrolidonyl, piperidonyl, piperazinyl, and morpholinyl.
• R 3 is C1-C4 alkyl substituted with 0-2 R 4a ,
• R 4a at each occurrence, is independently selected from: H, F, Cl, CF3,
• R 5 is C1-C6 alkyl substituted with 0-3 R 5b ; C2-C6 alkenyl substituted with 0-2 R 5 ; or C2-C6 alkynyl substituted with 0-2 R 5b ;
• p 0, 1, 2, or 3;
• q 0, 1, or 2;
• Z is C 3 -C 10 carbocycle substituted with 0-2 R 2 * 3 ; 6- 10 aryl substituted with 0-4 R 12b ; and 5 to 10 membered heterocycle substituted with 0-5 R 12 , wherein the heterocycle contains 1, 2, 3 or
• B is a 5 or 6 membered amino-heterocyclic ring, comprising one N atom, 3 to 5 carbon atoms, and optionally, an additional heteroatom -N(R LZ )-; wherein the amino-heterocyclic ring is saturated or partially saturated; and wherein R LZ is either R 10 or the substituent -L-Z;
• R ⁇ )b at each occurrence, is independently selected from: H, OH, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C3 alkoxy, Cl, F, Br, I, CN, N02, NR 15 R 16 , or CF3;
• R 1 at each occurrence, is independently selected from:
• R llb at each occurrence, is independently selected from:
• t 0, 1, or 2;
• R 3 at each occurrence, is independently selected from: H, OH, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, Cl, F, Br, I, CN, NO2, NR 15 R 16 , and CF3 ;
• R 14 is H, phenyl, benzyl, C1-C4 alkyl, or C2-C4 alkoxyalkyl ;
• R 1 ⁇ and R " on the same N atom may be combined to form a 5 to 6 membered heterocyclic fused radical, wherein said 5 to 6 membered heterocyclic is selected from pyrrolidonyl, piperidonyl, piperazinyl, and morpholinyl;
• R 7 is H, phenyl, benzyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 4-chlorophenyl, 4-methylphenyl , 4-trifluorophenyl , (4-fluorophenyl) methyl, (4-chlorophenyl) methyl, (4-methylphenyl) ethyl, (4-trifluorophenyl) ethyl, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, methoxymethyl , methyoxyethyl, ethoxymethyl, or ethoxyethyl;
• R 18 at each occurrence, is independently selected from: H, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, phenyl, benzyl, and phenethyl ;
• R 9 is independently selected from: H, methyl, and ethyl
• R 18 and R 19 on the same N atom may be combined to form a 5 to 6 membered heterocyclic fused radical, wherein said 5 to 6 membered heterocyclic is selected from pyrrolidonyl, piperidonyl, piperazinyl, and morpholinyl .
• R 3 is C1-C4 alkyl, C2-C4 alkenyl, or C2-C4 alkynyl;
• R 5 is C1-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, or C2-C6 alkynyl;
• p 0, 1, 2, or 3;
• q 0, 1, or 2;
• Z is C 3 -C 10 carbocycle substituted with 0-2 R 1 b ; C6- 10 aryl substituted with 0-4 R 12b ; and 5 to 10 membered heterocycle substituted with 0-5
• R 1 wherein the heterocycle contains 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from N, 0 and S;
• B is a 6 membered amino-heterocyclic ring, comprising one N atom, 4 or 5 carbon atoms, and optionally, an additional heteroatom -N(R LZ )-; wherein the amino-heterocyclic ring is saturated or partially saturated; and wherein R LZ is either R 10 or the substituent -L-Z;
• R 10b is independently selected from: H, OH, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C3 alkoxy, Cl, F, Br, I, CN, R 1 , at each occurrence, is independently selected from:
• R l at each occurrence, is independently selected from:
• t 0, 1, or 2;
• R 3 at each occurrence, is independently selected from: H, OH, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, Cl, F, Br, I, CN, NO2, NR 15 R 16 , and CF3 ;
• R 14 is H, phenyl, benzyl, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl;
• R 15 and R 16 on the same N atom may be combined to form a 5 to 6 membered heterocyclic fused radical, wherein said 5 to 6 membered heterocyclic is selected from pyrrolidonyl, piperidonyl, piperazinyl, and morpholinyl ;
• R 17 is H, phenyl, benzyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 4-chlorophenyl, 4-methyIpheny1 , 4-1rifluorophenyl , (4-fluorophenyl) methyl , (4-chlorophenyl) methyl , ( -methyIpheny1)methyl , (4-trifluorophenyl ) methyl , methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, methoxymethyl , methyoxyethyl , ethoxymethyl , or ethoxyethyl;
• R 8 at each occurrence, is independently selected from: H, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, phenyl, benzyl, and phenethyl;
• R 9 is independently selected from: H, methyl, ethyl, and
• R 8 and R 9 on the same N atom may be combined to form a 5 to 6 membered heterocyclic fused radical, wherein said 5 to 6 membered heterocyclic is selected from pyrrolidonyl, piperidonyl, piperazinyl, and morpholinyl.
• the present invention provides a compound of Formula (lb) :
• R 3 is -CH3, -CH2CH3, -CH2CH2CH3, -CH2CH2CH2CH3 ,
• Z is cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl 2-F-phenyl, 3 -F-phenyl, 4-F-phenyl, 2-Cl- phenyl, 3-Cl-phenyl, 4-Cl-phenyl, 2 , 3-diF-phenyl, 2, 4-diF-phenyl, 2, 5-diF-phenyl, 2, 6-diF-phenyl, 3 , 4-diF-phenyl, 3 , 5-diF-phenyl, 2, 3-diCl-phenyl, 2,4-diCl-phenyl, 2 , 5-diCl-phenyl, 2 , 6-diCl-phenyl, 3 , -diCl-phenyl , 3 , 5-diCl-phenyl , 2,3 -diMe-phenyl , 2 , 4-diMe-phenyl
• B is a 5 or 6 membered amino-heterocyclic ring, comprising one N atom, 3 to 5 carbon atoms, and optionally, an additional heteroatom -N(R LZ )-; wherein the amino-heterocyclic ring is saturated or partially saturated; and wherein R LZ is either R 10 or the substituent -L-Z;
• t 0, 1, or 2;
• two R 1 substituents on the same or adjacent carbon atoms may be combined to form a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, or a benzo fused radical .
• the present invention provides a compound of Formula (lb) :
• -CH2CH C(CH3)2, cyclopropyl-CH2-, cyclobutyl-CH2 ⁇ , eye1open yl-CH2- , eye1o exyl-CH2- ,
• Z is cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl 2-F-phenyl, 3 -F-phenyl, 4-F-phenyl, 2-C1- phenyl, 3-Cl-phenyl, 4-Cl-phenyl, 2 , 3-diF-phenyl, 2, 4-diF-phenyl, 2 , 5-diF-phenyl, 2 , 6-diF-phenyl, 3, -diF-phenyl, 3 , 5-diF-phenyl, 2 , 3-diCl-phenyl, 2, 4-diCl-phenyl, 2 , 5-diCl-phenyl, 2 , 6-diCl-phenyl, 3 , 4-diCl-phenyl, 3 , 5-diCl-phenyl, 2, 3-diMe-phenyl, 2 , 4-diMe-phenyl, 2
• B is a 5 or 6 membered amino-heterocyclic ring, comprising one N atom, 3 to 5 carbon atoms, and optionally, an additional heteroatom -N(R LZ )-; wherein the amino-heterocyclic ring is saturated or partially saturated; and wherein R LZ is the substituent -L-Z;
• t 0 or 1.
• the present invention provides a compound selected from one of the Examples in Table 5a, Table 5b, Table 5c, Table 5d, Table 5e, Table 5f or Table 5g.
• R 3 is R 4 ,
• R 3a is H, methyl, ethyl, propyl, or butyl;
• R 4 is C ⁇ -C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl
• R 5 is C1-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl
• R ⁇ a i H, methyl, ethyl, propyl, or butyl
• R 3 , R 3a , R ⁇ and R 5a equals seven or more.
• R 3 is C3-C4 alkyl or C3-C4 alkenyl
• R 3a is H
• R 5 is C3-C5 alkyl or C3-C5 alkenyl
• R a is H.
• R 3 is R 4 ;
• R 3a is H;
• R 4 is C1-C4 alkyl substituted with 1-2 R a ,
• R 4a at each occurrence, is independently selected from C3-C6 cycloalkyl substituted with 0-3 R b , phenyl substituted with 0-3 R 4b , or
• R 5 is C2-C4 alkyl substituted with 0-3 R 5b ; C2-C4 alkenyl substituted with 0-2 R 5b ; or C2-C4 alkynyl substituted with 0-2 R 5b ;
• R 3 is R 4 ;
• R 3a is H
• R 4 is C2-C4 alkyl substituted with 0-2 R a , C2-C4 alkenyl substituted with 0-2 R 4a , C2-C4 alkynyl substituted with 0-2 R 4a ,
• R 4a at each occurrence, is independently selected from is H, F, CF3,
• R 5 is C1-C4 alkyl substituted with 1-2 R 5 ;
• R ⁇ k at each occurrence, is independently selected from: C3-C6 cycloalkyl substituted with 0-2 R$ c ; phenyl substituted with 0-3 R ⁇ c ; or
• Also included in the present invention in a preferred embodiment are compounds as set forth above wherein the total number of carbon atoms in R 3 , R 3 , R 5 , and R 5a , equals four or more .
• R 3 , R 3a , R 5 , and R 5a are compounds as set forth above wherein the total number of carbon atoms in R 3 , R 3a , R 5 , and R 5a , equals seven or more.
• R 3a and R 5a are hydrogen, and R 3 and R 5 are not hydrogen.
• the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition
• a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of Formula (I) and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• the present invention provides a method for the treatment of neurological disorders associated with ⁇ -amyloid production comprising administering to a host in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I) •
• the neurological disorder associated with ⁇ -amyloid production is Alzheimer's Disease.
• the present invention provides a method for inhibiting ⁇ -secretase activity for the treatment of a physiological disorder associated with inhibiting ⁇ -secretase activity comprising administering to a host in need of such inhibition a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I) that inhibits ⁇ -secretase activity.
• the physiological disorder associated with inhibiting ⁇ -secretase activity is Alzheimer's Disease.
• the present invention provides a compound of Formula (I) for use in therapy.
• the present invention provides a compound of Formula (I) for use in therapy of Alzheimer's Disease.
• the present invention provides for the use of a compound of Formula (I) for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of Alzheimer's Disease.
• a ⁇ denotes the protein designated A ⁇ , ⁇ -amyloid peptide, and sometimes ⁇ /A4, in the art.
• a ⁇ is an approximately 4.2 kilodalton (kD) protein of about 39 to 43 amino acids found in amyloid plaques, the walls of meningeal and parenehymal arterioles, small arteries, capillaries, and sometimes, venules .
• the isolation and sequence data for the first 28 amino acids are described in U.S. Pat. No 4,666,829.
• the 43 amino acid sequence is :
• an ami o acid sequence 1-43 represents the maximum sequence of amino acids for A ⁇ peptide.
• APP refers to the protein known in the art as ⁇ amyloid precursor protein. This protein is the precursor for A ⁇ and through the activity of "secretase” enzymes, as used herein, it is processed into A ⁇ . Differing secretase enzymes, known in the art, have been designated ⁇ secretase, generating the N-terminus of A ⁇ , a secretase cleaving around the 16/17 peptide bond in A ⁇ , and " ⁇ secretases”, as used herein, generating C- terminal A ⁇ fragments ending at position 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, and 43 or generating C-terminal extended precursors which are subsequently truncated to the above polypeptides .
• the compounds herein described may have asymmetric centers .
• any variable e.g. , R 4:b , R 5b , R llb , R 1 ⁇ , etc.
• its definition at each occurrence is independent of its definition at every other occurrence.
• R ⁇ b the definition of R ⁇ b.
• substituents and/or variables are permissible only if such combinations result in stable compounds .
• alkyl or “alkylene” is intended to include both branched and straight-chain saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon groups having the specified number of carbon atoms; for example, "Ci-C ⁇ alkyl” denotes alkyl having 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 carbon atoms. Examples of alkyl include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, sec-butyl, t-butyl, pentyl, and hexyl .
• Preferred "alkyl” group is "C1-C4 alkyl", more preferred is methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl.
• alkenyl or “alkenylene” is intended to include hydrocarbon chains of either a straight or branched configuration and one or more unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds which may occur in any stable point along the chain.
• C2-C6 alkenyl include, but are not limited to, ethenyl, 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl, 1- butenyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, 3-methyl-2-butenyl, 2- pentenyl, 3-pentenyl, hexenyl, and the like.
• alkynyl or “alkynylene” is intended to include hydrocarbon chains of either a straight or branched configuration and one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds which may occur in any stable point along the chain.
• C2-C6 alkynyl include, but are not limited to, ethynyl, 1-propynyl, 2-propynyl, 1-butynyl, 2-butynyl, 3-butynyl, and the like.
• Alkoxy or "alkyloxy” represents an alkyl group as defined above with the indicated number of carbon atoms attached through an oxygen bridge.
• alkoxy include, but are not limited to, methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, i-propoxy, n-butoxy, s-butoxy, t-butoxy, n-pentoxy, and s-pentoxy.
• Preferred alkoxy groups are methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, i-propoxy, n-butoxy, s-butoxy, t-butoxy.
• alkylthio or “thioalkoxy” represents an alkyl group as defined above with the indicated number of carbon atoms attached through a sulphur bridge .
• Halo or "halogen” as used herein refers to fluoro, chloro, bromo, and iodo. Unless otherwise specified, preferred halo is fluoro and chloro.
• Counterion is used to represent a small, negatively charged species such as chloride, bromide, hydroxide, acetate, sulfate, and the like.
• haloalkyl include, but are not limited to, trifluoromethyl, trichloromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, pentachloroethyl, 2, 2, 2-trifluoroethyl, 2, 2-difluoroethyl, heptafluoropropyl, and heptachloropropyl .
• Haloalkoxy is intended to mean a haloalkyl group as defined above with the indicated number of carbon atoms attached through an oxygen bridge; for example trifluoromethoxy, pentafluoroethoxy, 2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy, and the like.
• Halothioalkoxy is intended to mean a haloalkyl group as defined above with the indicated number of carbon atoms attached through a sulphur bridge.
• Cycloalkyl is intended to include saturated ring groups, having the specified number of carbon atoms.
• C3-C6 cycloalkyl denotes such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl.
• carbocycle is intended to mean any stable 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7-membered monocyclic or bicyclic or 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13 -membered bicyclic or tricyclic, any of which may be saturated, partially unsaturated, or aromatic.
• carbocycles include, but are not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, adamantyl, cyclooctyl, [3.3.0]bicyclooctane, [4.3.0]bicyclononane, [4.4.
• OJbicyclodecane (decalin) , [2.2.2]bicyclooctane, fluorenyl, phenyl, naphthyl, indanyl, adamantyl, or tetrahydronaphthyl (tetralin) .
• Preferred "carbocycle” are cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, and cyclohexyl.
• heterocycle or “heterocyclic ring” is intended to mean a stable 5, 6, and 7- membered monocyclic or bicyclic or 7 , 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 1 -membered bicyclic heterocyclic ring which is saturated partially unsaturated or unsaturated (aromatic) , and which consists of carbon atoms and 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms, preferably 1, 2, or 3 heteroatoms, independently selected from the group consisting of N, 0 and S and including any bicyclic group in which any of the above-defined heterocyclic rings is fused to a benzene ring.
• the nitrogen and sulfur heteroatoms may optionally be oxidized.
• the heterocyclic ring may be attached to its pendant group at any heteroatom or carbon atom which results in a stable structure.
• the heterocyclic rings described herein may be substituted on carbon or on a nitrogen atom if the resulting compound is stable. If specifically noted, a nitrogen in the heterocycle may optionally be quaternized. It is preferred that when the total number of S and O atoms in the heterocycle exceeds 1, then these heteroatoms are not adjacent to one another. It is preferred that the total number of S and O atoms in the heterocycle is not more than 1.
• heterocycles include, but are not limited to, lH-indazole, 2-pyrrolidonyl, 2H, 6H-1, 5, 2-dithiazinyl, 2H-pyrrolyl, 3H-indolyl, 4-piperidonyl, 4aH-carbazole, 4H-quinolizinyl, 6H-1, 2 , 5-thiadiazinyl, acridinyl, azocinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, benzoxazolyl , benzthiazolyl, benztriazolyl, benztetrazolyl, benzisoxazolyl, benzisothiazolyl, benzimidazalonyl, carbazolyl, 4aIf-carbazolyl, b-carbolinyl, chromanyl, chromenyl, cinnolinyl, decahydroquinol,
• Preferred 5 to 10 membered heterocycles include, but are not limited to, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, triazinyl, furanyl, thienyl, thiazolyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, tetrazolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiofuranyl, indolyl, benzimidazolyl, liT-indazolyl, oxazolidinyl, isoxazolidinyl, benzotriazolyl, benzisoxazolyl, oxindolyl, benzoxazolinyl, quinolinyl, and isoquinolinyl.
• Preferred 5 to 6 membered heterocycles include, but are not limited to, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, triazinyl, furanyl, thienyl, thiazolyl, pyrrolyl, piperazinyl, piperidinyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, tetrazolyl; more preferred 5 to 6 membered heterocycles include, but are not limited to, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, triazinyl, furanyl, thienyl, thiazolyl, piperazinyl, piperidinyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, and tetrazolyl.
• fused ring and spiro compounds containing, for example, the above heterocycles are fused ring and spiro compounds containing, for example, the above heterocycles.
• aryl C6-C10 aryl or aromatic residue, is intended to mean an aromatic moiety containing the specified number of carbon atoms; for example phenyl, pyridinyl or naphthyl; preferably phenyl or naphthyl.
• amino-heterocyclic ring is intended to denote a heterocyclic ring of Formula (I) :
• H ⁇ J ? (I) comprising at least one nitrogen atom, carbon atoms and optionally a second additional heteroatom selected from oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur; wherein the total number of members of "amino-heterocycle ring” B does not exceed 8.
• amino-heterocyclic ring B also contains 3, 4,
• amino-heterocycle ring B comprises one nitrogen atom and a second additional heteroatom
• amino-heterocyclic ring B contains 3, 4, 5, or 6 carbons. It is preferred that the total number of atoms of amino-heterocyclic ring B is 5,
• amino-heterocyclic ring B is five or six. It is further understood that amino-heterocyclic ring B may be saturated or partially unsaturated (i.e. two adjacent atoms in the ring form a double bond) wherein the backbone of amino-heterocyclic ring B may contain one, two or three double bonds, but not fully unsaturated. Examples of amino-heterocyclic ring B include, but are not limited to piperidine, piperazine, and pyrrolidine.
• substituent -L-Z of Formula (I) is attached to amino- heterocyclic ring B through a ring carbon.
• the compounds herein described may have asymmetric centers.
• One enantiomer of a compound of Formula (I) may display superior chemical activity over the opposite enantiomer.
• separation of the racemic material can be achieved by methods known in the art .
• the carbon atoms to which R 3 and R ⁇ are attached may describe chiral carbons which may display superior chemical activity over the opposite enantiomer.
• R 3 and R ⁇ are not H, then the configuration of the two centers may be described as (2R,3R), (2R,3S), (2S,3R), or (2S,3S). All configurations are considered part of the invention; however, the (2R,3S) and the (2S,3R) are preferred and the (2R,3S) is more preferred.
• phrases "pharmaceutically acceptable” is employed herein to refer to those compounds, materials, compositions, and/or dosage forms which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of human beings and animals without excessive toxicity, irritation, allergic response, or other problem or complication, commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio.
• pharmaceutically acceptable salts refer to derivatives of the disclosed compounds wherein the parent compound is modified by making acid or base salts thereof.
• pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, but are not limited to, mineral or organic acid salts of basic residues such as amines; alkali or organic salts of acidic residues such as carboxylic acids; and the like.
• the pharmaceutically acceptable salts include the conventional non-toxic salts or the quaternary ammonium salts of the parent compound formed, for example, from non-toxic inorganic or organic acids.
• such conventional non-toxic salts include those derived from inorganic acids such as hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulfuric, sulfamic, phosphoric, nitric and the like; and the salts prepared from organic acids such as acetic, propionic, succinic, glycolic, stearic, lactic, malic, tartaric, citric, ascorbic, pamoic, maleic, hydroxymaleic, phenylacetic, glutamic, benzoic, salicylic, sulfanilic, 2-acetoxybenzoic, fumaric, toluenesulfonic, methanesulfonic, ethane disulfonic, oxalic, isethionic, and the like.
• inorganic acids such as hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulfuric, sulfamic, phosphoric, nitric and the like
• organic acids such as acetic, propionic, succinic, glycolic, stearic, lactic,
• the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the present invention can be synthesized from the parent compound which contains a basic or acidic moiety by conventional chemical methods.
• such salts can be prepared by reacting the free acid or base forms of these compounds with a stoichiometric amount of the appropriate base or acid in water or in an organic solvent, or in a mixture of the two; generally, nonaqueous media like ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol, isopropanol, or acetonitrile are preferred.
• Lists of suitable salts are found in Remington 's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 17th ed. , Mack Publishing Company, Easton, PA, 1985, p. 1418, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
• Prodrugs are intended to include any covalently bonded carriers which release the active parent drug according to Formula (I) in vivo when such prodrug is administered to a mammalian subject.
• Prodrugs of a compound of Formula (I) are prepared by modifying functional groups present in the compound in such a way that the modifications are cleaved, either in routine manipulation or in vivo, to the parent compound.
• Prodrugs include compounds of Formula (I) wherein a hydroxy, amino, or sulfhydryl group is bonded to any group that, when the prodrug or compound of Formula (I) is administered to a mammalian subject, cleaves to form a free hydroxyl, free amino, or free sulfhydryl group, respectively.
• prodrugs include, but are not limited to, acetate, formate and benzoate derivatives of alcohol and amine functional groups in the compounds of Formula (I) , and the like.
• Stable compound and “stable structure” are meant to indicate a compound that is sufficiently robust to survive isolation to a useful degree of purity from a reaction mixture, and formulation into an efficacious therapeutic agent .
• effective amount means an amount of a compound/composition according to the present invention effective in producing the desired therapeutic effect.
• treating refers to: (i) preventing a disease, disorder or condition from occurring in an animal which may be predisposed to the disease, disorder and/or condition but has not yet been diagnosed as having it; (ii) inhibiting the disease, disorder or condition, i.e., arresting its development; and (iii) relieving the disease, disorder or condition, i.e., causing regression of the disease, disorder and/or condition.
• patient or "host” includes both human and other mammals .
• the compounds of the present invention can be prepared in a number of ways well known to one skilled in the art of organic synthesis.
• the compounds of the present invention can be synthesized using the methods described below, together with synthetic methods known in the art of synthetic organic chemistry, or variations thereon as appreciated by those skilled in the art. Preferred methods include, but are not limited to, those described below. All references cited herein are hereby incorporated in their entirety herein by reference.
• the novel compounds of this invention may be prepared using the reactions and techniques described in this section. The reactions are performed in solvents appropriate to the reagents and materials employed and are suitable for the transformations being effected.
• Disubstituted suecinate derivatives can be prepared by a number of known procedures.
• the procedure of Evans (D. A. Evans et al, Org. Synth . 86, p83 (1990)) is outlined in Scheme 1 where acylation of an oxazolidinone with an acylating agent such as an acid chloride provides structures 1.
• Alkylation to form 2 followed by cleavage of the chiral auxiliary and subsequent alkylation of the dianion of the carboxylic acid 3 provides a variety of disubstituted succinates which can be separated and incorporated into structures of Formula (I) by those skilled in the art. Additional examples are found in P. Becket, M. J. Crimmin, M. H. Davis, Z. Spavold, Synlett, (1993) , 137-138, incorporated herein by reference.
• Scheme 1 is found in P. Becket, M. J. Crimmin, M. H. Davis, Z. Spavold, Synlett
• Diastereomerically pure suecinate derivatives can be accessed using the chemistry outlined below, adapted from P. Becket, M. J. Crimmin, M. H. Davis, Z. Spavold, Synlett, (1993), 137-138 incorporated herein by reference. This reference provides the synthesis below to obtain compound 9.
• Compound 11 is used as an intermediate and is prepared from 9 by hydrogenation of the allyl group followed by coupling of 9-fluorenemethanol under standard conditions using DCC and DMAP in CH 2 C1 2 . Deprotection of the tert- butyl ester is accomplished by treatment with 50% trifluoroacetic acid.
• the compounds of the present invention may be synthesized using the succinates 4 and substituted heterocyclic amines as is shown in Scheme 3.
• the acid 11 can be coupled onto a variety of solid supports to initiate solid-phase parallel synthesis .
• the solid-phase synthesis of the compounds of Claim 1 is shown in Scheme 8, where coupling of 11 to Peptide Amide Linker (PAL) resin (commercially available from Perkin Elmer Biosystems) produces the resin-bound succinamide 37.
• PAL Peptide Amide Linker
• This coupling can be accomplished using a variety of coupling agents such as diisopropylcarbodiimide (DICI) with the additive 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt) , HATU (O- (7-azabenzotriazol-l-yl) -1,1,3,3,- tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate) in the presence of a base such as diisopropylethylamine (DIEA) or triethylamine, PyBOP (benzotriazole-1-yl-oxy-tris- pyrrolidino-phosphonium hexafluorophosphate) or other coupling agents known to those skilled in the art (DICI with hydroxybenzotriazole is preferred) .
• Preferred solvents for coupling reactions include N, N- dimethylformamide (DMF) , N-methylpyrrolidinone (NMP) , and dichloromethane (DCM) .
• the fluorenylmethyl ester is removed from the compounds by treatment with piperidine and the resultant carboxylic acid can be reacted with a variety of animes to form the corresponding amides.
• Treatment with trifluoroacetic acid in dichloromethane then releases the desired compounds 14 from the solid support.
• Suecinate 9 is prepared according to the literature procedure (P. Becket, M. J. Crimmin, M. H. Davis, Z. Spavold, Synlett, (1993), 137-138).
• Suecinate 9 (17.8 g, 66 mmol) is dissolved in 250 mL of ethyl acetate and placed in a Parr shaker bottle.
• To the solution is added 890 mg of 5% palladium on carbon, and the bottle is pressurized to 40 psi with hydrogen gas and shaken for 2.5 h at rt. The hydrogen is removed and the palladium catalyst is removed by filtration through a pad of celite. Concentration of the ethyl acetate solution provides 17.5 g (98%) of suecinate 10. No further purification is necessary.
• MS (M-H) + 271.
• Suecinate 10 (6.3 g, 23.1 mmol) is dissolved in 125 mL of CH 2 CI 2 and 4.8 g (23.3 mmol) of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide is added. The solution is stirred at rt for 30 min and then 4.6 g (23.4 mmol) of 9-fluorenemethanol is added followed by 122 mg (1 mmol) of 4-dimethylaminopyridine. After 5 h of stirring at rt, the reaction solution was diluted with an additional 100 mL of CH 2 CI 2 and filtered through a pad of celite to remove precipitated dicyclohexylurea.
• the solution was then washed 3 x with 50 mL of a IN HCI solution, 3 x with 50 mL of a saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, and 2 x with 50 mL of brine.
• the crude product was dried over MgS ⁇ 4 and concentrated onto 15 g of silica gel. Chromatography eluting with a gradient of 2.5% to 5% ethyl acetate/hexanes provided 6.4 g (61%) of the diester as an oil.
• the purified diester (6.4 g 14.2 mmol) is then dissolved in 25 mL of CH 2 CI 2 25 mL of trifluoroacetic acid is added, and the reaction solution is stirred at rt for 2 h.
• Resin 37 of Scheme 8 Commercial Fmoc-PAL resin (Perkin Elmer Biosyste s) (9 grams, 0.42 mmol/g, 3.78 mmol) is washed for 20 min with 3 x 50 L of 20% piperidine in DMF. The resulting free amine resin is then washed under standard conditions. The resin is then slurried in 100 mL of DMF and and 4.47 grams (11.34 mmol) of suecinate 11 is then added, followed by HOBt (1.74 g, 11.34 mmol) and diisopropylcarbodiimide (1.82 mL, 11.34 mmol). The resin is placed on a shaker table for 16 h and then washed under standard conditions and dried in vacuo .
• Fmoc-PAL resin Perkin Elmer Biosyste s
• Resin 38 of Scheme 8 Resin 12 of scheme 3 is washed for 20 min with 3 x 50 mL of 20% piperidine in DMF. The resulting free carboxylic acid resin is then washed under standard conditions .
• Products 39 of Scheme 8 Six grams of resin is suspended in a 2:3 mixture of DMF and CH 2 Cl 2 and pipetted into 118 of the wells of two commercial polyfiltronics 96-well filter blocks, approximately 50 mg of resin per well. The solvents are removed by filtration, and 200 ⁇ L of DMF is added to each reaction well, followed by 110 ⁇ L of a 1 M solution of the desired amine in DMF. A stock solution of PyBOP (6.56 g, 12.6 mmol) dissolved in 24 mL of DMF is then prepared, and 200 ⁇ L of this solution (0.10 mmol) is added to each well.
• Diisopropylethylamine (0.21 mmol, 36.5 ⁇ L ) is then added to each well and the reaction block is sealed and mixed on a shaker table for 16 h. The plates are then washed under standard conditions . The compounds are then cleaved from the solid support employing 1 mL of a 95:5 trifluoroacetic acid/triethylsilane solution for 3 h. The cleavage solution is drained from the well and the resin is washed with an additional 0.5 L of DCM and the combined filtrates are concentrated. The samples are redissolved in 1 mL of methanol and reconcentrated to remove any volatile impurities .
• Examples 1-106 For each reagent listed in Table 1, the corresponding product 39 was prepared. The products of Examples 1-106 were verified by the presence of the desired compound in ESI MS (M+H+ or M+Na + ) .
• Example 31 (3 (S) -Carbamoyl-2 (R) -isobutyl-hexanoyl) -piperidine-3- carboxylic acid. MS [M+H]+ 327.1.
• Examples 108-116 For each reagent listed in Table 2, the corresponding product was prepared according to the preparation of the compound of Example 107. The products of Examples 108-116 were verified by the presence of the desired compound in ESI MS (M + H) + . Table 2
• the resin was washed thoroughly with DMF, MeOH and CH 2 C1 and dried well under vacuum. The resin was then suspended in DMF and acylated with 12 eq (0.075 mmoles,
• Examples 118-122 For each reagent listed in Table 3, the corresponding product was prepared according to the preparation of the compound of Example 117. The products of Examples 118-122 were verified by the presence of the desired compound in ESI MS (M + H) + .
• Examples 124-129 For each reagent listed in Table 4, the corresponding product was prepared according to the preparation of the compound of Example 123. The compounds of Examples 128 and 129 were prepared according to the preparation of the compound of Example 117, but using 3- piperidone. The products of Examples 124-129 were verified by the presence of the desired compound in ESI MS (M + H) + .
• Example 130(c) The resin from example 130(b) (50 mg, 0.8 mmol/g, 0.040 ⁇ ol) was suspended in 1 mL of THF and 15 mg of tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium (0), 70 mg (0.37 mmol) of 4-trifluoromethylphenyl boronic acid, and 200 ⁇ L of a 2 M sodium carbonate solution were added. The suspension was heated to 60 °C for 16 h, and the esin was isolated by filtration and washed with DMF, dichloromethane, and methanol.
• Example 132 (a) : To a solution of 2 g (10.6 mmol) of 3-piperidione in 50 mL of THF at 0 2 C is added dropwise 10 L of a 1M solition of 4-fluorophenylmagnesium bromide in THF. After 30 min, the reaction was quenched with IN HCI and the THF was removed by rotary evaporation. The resultant aqueous layer was extracted twice with 50 mL of CH 2 CI 2 to provide
• Example 132 (b) 1.9 g (66%) of an oil which was used without further purification.
• Example 132 (b) 1.9 g (66%) of an oil which was used without further purification.
• Example 132(c) To a 0.2 g portion of resin from example 130(a) (0.16 mmol, 0.83 mmol/g) was added 0.83 mmol (162 mg) of the compound of example 135(b), 0.83 mmol (432 mg) of PyBop, and 1.66 mmol (289 ⁇ L) of DIEA. The suspension was stirred for 2 days and then the resin was washed thoroughly with DMF, DCM, and methanol. The resin was then suspended in 2 mL of a 1:1:8 solution of acetic acid, trifluoroethanol, and dichloromethane and the suspension was stirred for 2 h. Evaporation gave the crude acid (56 mg, 83%) which was used without further purification.
• Example 134(a) 7.3 g of suecinate 10 of scheme 2 was dissolved in 70 mL of DMF and activated with 13.3 g of HATU and 14.73 mL of N-methylmorpholine . After stirring at rt for 30 min 7.4 g of 4 (S) -benzylhydroxyproline methyl ester hydrochloride was added and the reaction solution was stirred at rt for 2 h. The reaction solution was diluted with 100 L of water and the resulting solution was extracted 3 X with ethyl acetate.
• Example 134(c) Alkanesufonamide safety catch resin (Novabiochem, 4.5 g, 0.8 mmol/g, 3.6 mmol) was washed well and then suspended in 50 mL of DMF. The acid from example 134(b) (5.133 g, 10.8 mmol), PyBop (5.62 g, 10.8 mmol) and DIEA (5.65 L, 32.4 mmol) were added and the suspension was shaken for 16 h. The resin was then rinsed thoroughly with DMF, dichloromethane, and methanol and dried.
• Example 134(d) A 25 mg portion of the resin from example 134(c) (0.02 mmol) was suspended in a 1:1 solution of dichloromethane and tricluoroacetic acid (0.5 L) and allowed to shake for 2 h at rt . The resin was then washed thoroughly, and resuspended in 0.5 mL of DMF. and treated with HATU (38 mg, 0.1 mmol) and 150 mL of a saturated solution of ammonia in THF. The reaction suspension was allowed to stir at rt for 1.5 h and then the resin was washed thoroughly.
• Tables 5a-5g below provide representative Examples of the compounds of Formula (I) of the present invention.
• AD Alzheimer's Disease
• the compounds of the present invention have utility for the prevention and treatment of
• AD by inhibiting A ⁇ production.
• Methods of treatment target formation of A ⁇ production through the enzymes involved in the proteolytic processing of ⁇ -amyloid precursor protein.
• Compounds that inhibit ⁇ or ⁇ secretase activity either directly or indirectly, control the production of A ⁇ .
• Such inhibition of ⁇ or ⁇ secretases reduces production of A ⁇ , and is expected to reduce or prevent the neurological disorders associated with A ⁇ protein, such as Alzheimer's Disease.
• Cellular screening methods for inhibitors of A ⁇ production, testing methods for the in vivo suppression of A ⁇ production, and assays for the detection of secretase activity are known in the art and have been disclosed in numerous publications, including J. Med. Chem. 1999, 42, 3889-3898, PCT publication number WO 98/22493, EPO publication number 0652009, US patent 5703129 and US patent 5593846; all hereby incorporated by reference.
• the compounds of the present invention have utility for the prevention and treatment of disorders involving A ⁇ production, such as cerebrovascular disorders.
• Compounds of Formula (I) are expected to possess ⁇ - secretase inhibitory activity.
• the ⁇ -secretase inhibitory activity of the compounds of the present invention is demonstrated using assays for such activity, for Example, using the assay described below.
• Compounds of the present invention have been shown to inhibit the activity of ⁇ secretase, as determined by the A ⁇ immunoprecipitation assay.
• Compounds provided by this invention should also be useful as standards and reagents in determining the ability of a potential pharmaceutical to inhibit A ⁇ production.
• ⁇ g denotes icrogram
• mg denotes milligram
• g denotes gram
• ⁇ L denotes microliter
• mL denotes illiliter
• L denotes liter
• nM denotes nanomolar
• ⁇ M denotes micromolar
• mM denotes millimolar
• M denotes molar
• nm denotes nanometer
• SDS denotes sodium dodecyl sulfate
• DMSO denotes dimethyl sulfoxide
• EDTA denotes ethylenediaminetetraacetato .
• a compound is considered to be active if it has an IC50 or K-j_ value of less than about lOO ⁇ M for the inhibition of A ⁇ production.
• the IC50 or K j _ value is less than about lO ⁇ M; more preferrably the IC50 or K j _ value is less than about O.l ⁇ M.
• the present invention has been shown to inhibit A ⁇ protein production with an IC50 or K ⁇ value of less than 100 ⁇ M.
• ⁇ APPA assay ⁇ Amyloid Precursor Protein Accumulation Assay
• An assay to evaluate the accumulation of A ⁇ protein was developed to detect potential inhibitors of secretases.
• the assay uses the N 9 cell line, characterized for expression of exogenous APP by immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation.
• test compounds The effect of test compounds on the accumulation of A ⁇ in the conditioned medium is tested by immunoprecipitation.
• N 9 cells are grown to confluency in 6-well plates and washed twice with 1 x Hank's buffered salt solution. The cells are starved in methionine/cysteine deficient media for 30 min., followed by replacement with fresh deficient media containing 150uCi Tran35S-LABELTM (ICN) .
• Test compounds dissolved in DMSO final concentration 1%) are added, over a range of 1 picomolar to 100 micromolar, together with the addition of the fresh media containing
• Tran35S-LABELTM The cells are incubated for 4 h at 37°C in a tissue culture incubator. At the end of the incubation period, the conditioned medium is harvested and pre-cleared by the addition of 5 ⁇ l normal mouse serum and 50ul of protein A Sepharose (Pharmacia) , mixed by end-over-end rotation for 30 minutes at 4 C, followed by a brief centrifugation in a microfuge.
• a monoclonal antibody examples include but are not limited by, clone 1101.1, directed against an internal peptide sequence in A ⁇ ; or 6E10 from Senetek; or 4G8 from Senetek; additionally polyclonals from rabbit antihuman A ⁇ from Boehringer Mannheim) and 50 ⁇ l protein A Sepharose.
• the samples are washed three times with high salt washing buffer (50mM Tris, pH 7.5, 500mM NaCl, 5mM EDTA, 0.5% Nonidet P-40) , three times with low salt wash buffer (50mM Tris, pH 7.5, 150mM NaCl, 5mM EDTA, 0.5% Nonidet P-40), and three times with lOmM Tris, pH 7.5.
• high salt washing buffer 50mM Tris, pH 7.5, 500mM NaCl, 5mM EDTA, 0.5% Nonidet P-40
• low salt wash buffer 50mM Tris, pH 7.5, 150mM NaCl, 5mM EDTA, 0.5% Nonidet P-40
• lOmM Tris pH 7.5.
• the pellet after the last wash is resuspended in SDS sample buffer (Laemmli U.K. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriphage T4. Nature 227, 680-5, 1970.) and
• the supernatant is then fractionated on either 10-20% Tris/Tricine SDS gels or on 16.5% Tris/Tricine SDS gels.
• the gels are dried and exposed to X-ray film or analyzed by phosphorimaging .
• the resulting image is analyzed for the presence of A ⁇ polypeptides.
• the steady-state level of A ⁇ in the presence of a test compound is compared to wells treated with DMSO (1%) alone.
• a ⁇ accumulation in the conditioned medium is considered active with an IC50 less than 100 ⁇ M.
• test compounds on the accumulation of C- terminal fragments is determined by immunoprecipitation of APP and fragments thereof from cell lysates .
• N 9 cells are metabolically labeled, as above, with media containing
• Tran35S-LABELTM in the presence or absence of test compounds.
• the conditioned medium are harvested and cells lysed in RIPA buffer (10 mM Tris, pH 8.0 containing 1% Triton X-100, 1% deoxycholate, 0.1% SDS, 150mM aCl, 0.125% NaN3 ) .
• RIPA buffer 10 mM Tris, pH 8.0 containing 1% Triton X-100, 1% deoxycholate, 0.1% SDS, 150mM aCl, 0.125% NaN3 .
• lysates are precleared with 5ul normal rabbit serum/50ul protein A Sepharose, followed by the addition of BC-1 antiserum (15 ⁇ l;) and 50 ⁇ l protein A Sepharose for 16 hours at 4°C.
• the immunoprecipitates are washed as above, bound proteins eluted by boiling in SDS sample buffer and fractionated by Tris/Tricine SDS-PAGE. After exposure to X-ray film or phosphorimager, the resulting images are analyzed for the presence of C-terminal APP fragments. The steady-state level of C-terminal APP fragments is compared to wells treated with DMSO (1%) alone. A typical test compound in this assay stimulates C-terminal fragment accumulation in the cell lysates, and is considered active with an IC50 less than 100 ⁇ M.
• This immunoprecipitation assay is specific for g secretase activity (i.e., proteolytic activity required to generate the C-terminal end of A ⁇ either by direct cleavage or generating a C-terminal extended species which is subsequently further proteolyzed) .
• N 9 cells are pulse labeled with media containing Tran35S-LABELTM in the presence of a reported g secretase inhibitor (MDL 28170; Higaki J, Quon D, Zhong Z, Cordell B.
• MDL 28170 reported g secretase inhibitor
• Higaki J Quon D, Zhong Z, Cordell B.
• Inhibition of beta- amyloid formation identifies proteolytic precursors and subcellular site of catabolism. Neuron 14, 651-659, 1995) for 1 h, followed by washing to remove 35g radiolabel and MDL 28170.
• test compounds are added over a dose range (for example 0. lnM to lOOuM) .
• the cells are chased for increasing periods of times and A ⁇ is isolated from the conditioned medium and C-terminal fragments from cell lysates (see accumulation assay above) .
• the activity of test compounds are characterized by whether a stabilization of C-terminal fragments is observed and whether A ⁇ is generated from these accumulated precursor.
• a typical test compound in this assay prevents the generation of A ⁇ out of accumulated C-terminal fragments and is considered active with an IC50 less than 100 ⁇ M.
• the compounds determined from the present invention can be administered orally using any pharmaceutically acceptable dosage form known in the art for such administration.
• the active ingredient can be supplied in solid dosage forms such as dry powders, granules, tablets or capsules, or in liquid dosage forms, such as syrups or aqueous suspensions .
• the active ingredient can be administered alone, but is generally administered with a pharmaceutical carrier.
• a valuable treatise with respect to pharmaceutical dosage forms is Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mack Publishing.
• the compounds determined from the present invention can be administered in such oral dosage forms as tablets, capsules (each of which includes sustained release or timed release formulations), pills, powders, granules, elixirs, tinctures, suspensions, syrups, and emulsions.
• intravenous bolus or infusion
• intraperitoneal subcutaneous
• intramuscular form all using dosage forms well known to those of ordinary skill in the pharmaceutical arts.
• An effective but non-toxic amount of the compound desired can be employed to prevent or treat neurological disorders related to ⁇ -amyloid production or accumulation, such as Alzheimer's disease and Down's Syndrome.
• the compounds of this invention can be administered by any means that produces contact of the active agent with the agent's site of action in the body of a host, such as a human or a mammal . They can be administered by any conventional means available for use in conjunction with pharmaceuticals, either as individual therapeutic agents or in a combination of therapeutic agents . They can be administered alone, but generally administered with a pharmaceutical carrier selected on the basis of the chosen route of administration and standard pharmaceutical practice.
• the dosage regimen for the compounds determined from the present invention will, of course, vary depending upon known factors, such as the pharmacodynamic characteristics of the particular agent and its mode and route of administration; the species, age, sex, health, medical condition, and weight of the recipient; the nature and extent of the symptoms; the kind of concurrent treatment; the frequency of treatment; the route of administration, the renal and hepatic function of the patient, and the effect desired.
• An ordinarily skilled physician or veterinarian can readily determine and prescribe the effective amount of the drug required to prevent, counter, or arrest the progress of the condition.
• compounds determined from the present invention may be administered in a single daily dose, or the total daily dosage may be administered in divided doses of two, three, or four times daily.
• the compounds identified using the present invention can be administered in intranasal form via topical use of suitable intranasal vehicles, or via transdermal routes, using those forms of transdermal skin patches wall known to those of ordinary skill in that art.
• the dosage administration will, of course, be continuous rather than intermittant throughout the dosage regimen.
• the compounds herein described in detail can form the active ingredient, and are typically administered in admixture with suitable pharmaceutical diluents, excipients, or carriers (collectively referred to herein as carrier materials) suitably selected with respect to the intended form of administration, that is, oral tablets, capsules, elixirs, syrups and the like, and consistent with conventional pharmaceutical practices.
• suitable pharmaceutical diluents, excipients, or carriers (collectively referred to herein as carrier materials) suitably selected with respect to the intended form of administration, that is, oral tablets, capsules, elixirs, syrups and the like, and consistent with conventional pharmaceutical practices.
• the active drug component can be combined with an oral, non-toxic, pharmaceutically acceptable, inert carrier such as lactose, starch, sucrose, glucose, methyl callulose, magnesium stearate, dicalcium phosphate, calcium sulfate, mannitol, sorbitol and the like; for oral administration in liquid form, the oral drug components can be combined with any oral, non-toxic, pharmaceutically acceptable inert carrier such as ethanol, glycerol, water, and the like.
• suitable binders, lubricants, disintegrating agents, and coloring agents can also be incorporated into the mixture.
• Suitable binders include starch, gelatin, natural sugars such as glucose or ⁇ -lactose, corn sweeteners, natural and synthetic gums such as acacia, tragacanth, or sodium alginate, carboxymethylcellulose, polyethylene glycol, waxes, and the like.
• Lubricants used in these dosage forms include sodium oleate, sodium stearate, magnesium stearate, sodium benzoate, sodium acetate, sodium chloride, and the like.
• Disintegrators include, without limitation, starch, methyl cellulose, agar, bentonite, xanthan gum, and the like.
• the compounds determined from the present invention can also be administered in the form of liposome delivery systems, such as small unilamellar vesicles, large unilamallar vesicles, and multilamellar vesicles.
• Liposomes can be formed from a variety of phospholipids , such as cholesterol, stearylamine, or phosphatidylcholines .
• Compounds of the present invention may also be coupled with soluble polymers as targetable drug carriers.
• Such polymers can include polyvinylpyrrolidone, pyran copolymer, polyhydroxypropyImethacrylamide-pheno1, polyhydroxyethylaspartamidephenol, or polyethyleneoxide- polylysine substituted with palmitoyl residues.
• the compounds determined from the present invention may be coupled to a class of biodegradable polymers useful in achieving controlled release of a drug, for example, polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, copolymers of polylactic and polyglycolic acid, polyepsilon caprolactone, polyhydroxy butyric acid, polyorthoesters, polyacetals, polydihydropyrans, polycyanoacylates, and crosslinked or amphipathic block copolymers of hydrogels.
• a class of biodegradable polymers useful in achieving controlled release of a drug
• a drug for example, polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, copolymers of polylactic and polyglycolic acid, polyepsilon caprolactone, polyhydroxy butyric acid, polyorthoesters, polyacetals, polydihydropyrans, polycyanoacylates, and crosslinked or amphipathic block copolymers of hydrogels.
• Gelatin capsules may contain the active ingredient and powdered carriers, such as lactose, starch, cellulose derivatives, magnesium stearate, stearic acid, and the like. Similar diluents can be used to make compressed tablets . Both tablets and capsules can be manufactured as sustained release products to provide for continuous release of medication over a period of hours. Compressed tablets can be sugar coated or film coated to mask any unpleasant taste and protect the tablet from the atmosphere, or enteric coated for selective disintegration in the gastrointestinal tract.
• powdered carriers such as lactose, starch, cellulose derivatives, magnesium stearate, stearic acid, and the like. Similar diluents can be used to make compressed tablets . Both tablets and capsules can be manufactured as sustained release products to provide for continuous release of medication over a period of hours. Compressed tablets can be sugar coated or film coated to mask any unpleasant taste and protect the tablet from the atmosphere, or enteric coated for selective disintegration in the gastrointestinal tract.
• Liquid dosage forms for oral administration can contain coloring and flavoring to increase patient acceptance.
• water, a suitable oil, saline, aqueous dextrose (glucose) , and related sugar solutions and glycols such as propylene glycol or polyethylene glycols are suitable carriers for parenteral solutions .
• Solutions for parenteral administration preferably contain a water soluble salt of the active ingredient, suitable stabilizing agents, and if necessary, buffer substances.
• Antioxidizing agents such as sodium bisulfite, sodium sulfite, or ascorbic acid, either alone or combined, are suitable stabilizing agents.
• citric acid and its salts and sodium EDTA are also used.
• parenteral solutions can contain preservatives, such as henzalkonium chloride, methyl- or propyl-paraben, and chlorobutanol .
• Suitable pharmaceutical carriers are described in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mack Publishing Company, a standard reference text in this field.
• Table 6 demonstrates representative substituents on the left end, or suecinate end, of the compound of Formula (I), showing compounds envisaged within the scope of the present invention.
• Each of the fragments a through bt is attached to A, below.

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