EP1265205B1 - Linearer Rauchmelder - Google Patents
Linearer Rauchmelder Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1265205B1 EP1265205B1 EP01114103A EP01114103A EP1265205B1 EP 1265205 B1 EP1265205 B1 EP 1265205B1 EP 01114103 A EP01114103 A EP 01114103A EP 01114103 A EP01114103 A EP 01114103A EP 1265205 B1 EP1265205 B1 EP 1265205B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- polarizer
- receiver
- quotient
- transmitter
- smoke detector
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
- G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
- G08B17/103—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a linear smoke detector with a transmitter for transmission a light beam passing through a measuring path, a receiver and an im Distance from the transmitter / receiver arranged retroreflector which the vibration plane an incident light beam turns by a certain angle, one in the beam path arranged after the transmitter polarizer and one for light with a certain Vibration level permeable analyzer, said polarizer by a active polarizer for controlled rotation of the plane of vibration emitted by the transmitter Light beam formed in two different levels and the receiver to Linking caused by the light radiation in these two vibration levels Receiving signals is formed.
- Such smoke detectors are particularly in large or narrow spaces, for example used in corridors, warehouses and manufacturing halls and aircraft hangars and below the ceiling mounted on the walls.
- the standard version includes sender and receiver facing each other and no retroreflector is required. These are only then used when the spaces are so short that the minimum length of the light beam of about 10 m otherwise would not be reached, to the responsiveness of the detector by doubling to increase the measuring distance, or if the transmitter opposite side not stable or no receiver can be installed there. But since the execution with the Reflector is cheaper and much easier to install, set in recent times the linear smoke detectors with retroreflector get stronger and stronger.
- the linear smoke detectors with retroreflector have a certain susceptibility to reflections on, which are caused by protruding into the beam path objects. Such objects may pretend that the light beam is undisturbed from the sender to the receiver runs and the detector is fully functional, although the space between the Object and the retroreflector covered by the object and thus not by the detector is "seen”.
- the intended at the receiver analyzer is designed so that its vibration level parallel to that of the reflected light from the retroreflector. If a reflective Obstacle enters the beam path, then receives the receiver directly polarized by the transmitter Light, but with the polarizer of the transmitter one to the vibration level of the analyzer has a right angle aligned vibration plane. As a result, the receiver "sees" no light, which in turn means that there is an obstacle in the beam path located.
- the analyzer is formed by a filter, which in front of the reflector is arranged.
- the invention will now be given a linear smoke detector of the type mentioned Be sure of a detection of interference of the beam path through in this outstanding Objects and a clear distinction between disturbances of the beam path and Smoke allows.
- the analyzer has a vertical vibration plane at the receiver, then at vertical vibration level of the polarizer at the transmitter of the retroreflector Turned about 90 ° in the horizontal light only a very small proportion to the receiver reach. Conversely, at the horizontal oscillation plane of the polarizer at the transmitter the receiver receives a relatively large amount of light.
- case A parallel vibration levels at Transmitter and receiver
- case B mutually perpendicular Vibration levels at transmitter and receiver
- a first preferred embodiment of the inventive smoke detector is characterized characterized in that by the retroreflector, a rotation of the vibration plane of the impinging Light beam is made by about 90 °.
- the retroreflector is a through Prism formed by the shape of a straight pyramid.
- a second preferred embodiment of the smoke detector according to the invention is characterized characterized in that the combination of the received signals takes place by quotient formation.
- the invention further relates to a method for operating said smoke detector. This is characterized in that in the normal operating state the polarizer is adjusted that its oscillation plane is perpendicular to that of the analyzer, that the received signal is compared with a threshold, and that falls below the said Threshold by the received signal, a combination of the received signals in the two Vibration levels for the purpose of verification of the received signal takes place.
- the received signal in case B normally has a certain value, which reduces the penetration of smoke into the beam path becomes.
- the signal is verified by the described formation of the quotient A / B. is this quotient is much smaller than one, then it is smoke-induced Alarm or pre-alarm.
- the quotient is much larger than one, there is a disturbance in the beam path protruding, highly reflective object, such as a metal plate before. In this Case is a fault indication or a strong delay of the alarm signal.
- the quotient A / B is neither much larger nor much smaller than one but approximately is equal to one, there is also a fault indication, because in this case it is assumed can be that the beam path through a diffuse scatterer, such as a cardboard or Wooden plate, is interrupted. Of course you can instead of the quotient A / B too form the quotient B / A. In this case, a value much greater than one would be the norm A value much less than one will indicate a beam break by a strong one reflecting object and a value about equal to one ray interruption a diffuse spreader.
- the smoke detector shown in Fig. 1 works on the principle of extinction, so the Attenuation of a ray of light by entering this smoke.
- the smoke detector is made according to the representation of a transmitter 1, a receiver arranged next to the transmitter 2 and from a transmitter / receiver opposite Retroreflector 3.
- Der Transmitter 1 transmits a modulated infrared beam to the retroreflector 3, which detects the incident Beam reflected on the receiver 2.
- Sender 1 and receiver 2 are preferably arranged in a common housing.
- the retroreflector 3 is shown in FIG. 2, a retroreflective prism of the shape of a straight Pyramid whose sides are formed by isosceles, right-angled triangles are. Such a retroreflector acts on the incident light as a polarizer and turns it Vibration level by about 90 °, with this angle scatter in a certain range can.
- the polarizer 4 is a so-called active polarizer, which is a polarizer, which passes the light optionally in one or the other oscillation plane leaves.
- This polarizer may be formed, for example, by a liquid crystal panel be whose vibration level in dependence on the applied voltage by 90 ° rotates (see, for example, US-A-5,280,272, Fig. 9). Suitable liquid crystal plates are for example, under the name TN (twisted nematic) displays known.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
Description
- Fig. 1
- eine schematische Draufsicht auf einen linearen Rauchmelder mit Sender/Empfänger und Retroreflektor; und
- Fig. 2
- den Retroreflektor des Rauchmelders von Fig. 1.
- Fall A: Schwingungsebene des Polarisators 4 und Schwingungsebene des Analysators 5 sind parallel, beispielsweise vertikal. Der Retroreflektor 3 dreht das vom Sender 1 kommende Licht um 90° in die horizontale Ebene. Dann wird im Normalfall nur sehr wenig Licht auf den Empfänger 2 gelangen und das Empfangssignal wird entsprechend klein sein. Wenn der Strahlengang durch einen stark reflektierenden Gegenstand, beispielsweise eine Metallplatte, unterbrochen wird, schwingt das auf den Analysator 5 fallende Licht in der vertikalen Ebene und wird zum Empfänger 2 durch gelassen. In diesem Störungsfall gelangt also relativ viel Licht auf den Empfänger 2.
- Fall B: Schwingungsebene des Polarisators 4 und Schwingungsebene des Analysators 5 sind zueinander senkrecht, beispielsweise Schwingungsebene des Polarisators 4 horizontal und Schwingungsebene des Analysators 5 vertikal. Der Retroreflektor 3 dreht das vom Seinder 1 kommende Licht um 90° in die vertikale Ebene. Dann wird im Normalfall viel Licht auf den Empfänger 2 gelangen und das Empfangssignal wird entsprechend gross sein. Wenn der Strahlengang durch einen stark reflektierenden Gegenstand, beispielsweise eine Metallplatte, unterbrochen wird, schwingt das auf den Analysator 5 fallende Licht in der horizontalen Ebene und wird nicht zum Empfänger 2 durch gelassen. In diesem Störungsfall gelangt also nur sehr wenig Licht auf den Empfänger 2.
- Q = A/B « 1: Der Empfänger 2 erhält bei vertikaler Schwingungsebene des Sendelichts wenig und bei horizontaler Schwingungsebene viel Licht ⇒ Sendelicht gelangt über den Retroreflektor 3 zum Empfänger 2, also handelt es sich um einen Normalfall mit ungestör tem Strahlengang.
- Q = A/B »1: Der Empfänger 2 erhält bei vertikaler Schwingungsebene des Sendelichts viel und bei horizontaler Schwingungsebene wenig Licht ⇒ Sendelicht gelangt direkt zum Empfänger 2, also handelt es sich um einen Störfall mit einem den Strahlengang unterbrechenden stark reflektierenden Objekt, wie beispielsweise einer Metallplatte.
- Q = A/B≈ 1: Der Empfänger 2 erhält bei vertikaler und bei horizontaler Polarisation des Sendelichts etwa gleich viel Licht ⇒ Sendelicht gelangt nicht über den Retroreflektor 3 zum Empfänger 2, wird aber auch nicht von einem stark reflektierenden Objekt zum Empfänger gelenkt. Daraus folgt, dass der Strahlengang unterbrochen ist, aber nicht von einem stark reflektierenden sondern von einem diffus streuenden Objekt, wie beispielsweise einer Holzoder Kartonplatte. Also handelt es sich auch hier um einen Störfall.
Claims (8)
- Linearer Rauchmelder mit einem Sender (1) zur Aussendung eines eine Messstrecke durchquerenden Lichtstrahls, einem Empfänger (2) und einem im Abstand vom Sender/Empfänger angeordneten Retroreflektor (3), welcher die Schwingungsebene eines auftreffenden Lichtstrahls um einen bestimmten Winkel dreht, einem im Strahlengang nach dem Sender (1) angeordneten Polarisator (4) und einem für Licht mit einer bestimmten Schwingungsebene durchlässiger Analysator (5), wobei der genannte Polarisator (4) durch einen aktiven Polarisator zur gesteuerten Drehung der Schwingungsebene des vom Sender (1) ausgesandten Lichtstrahls in zwei verschiedene Ebenen gebildet und der Empfänger (2) zur Verknüpfung der von der Lichtstrahlung in diesen beiden Schwingungsebenen verursachten Empfangssignale ausgebildet ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Analysator (5) vor dem Empfänger (2) angeordnet ist, und dass die Verknüpfung der Empfangssignale durch Quotientenbildung erfolgt, wobei der eine Term des Quotienten durch das Empfangssignal für den Fall gleich gerichteter und der andere Term durch das Empfangssignal für den Fall gegeneinander um 90° verdrehter Schwingungsebenen von Polarisator (4) und Analysator , (5) gebildet ist.
- Rauchmelder nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass durch den Retroreflektor (3) eine Drehung der Schwingungsebene eines auftreffenden Lichtstrahls um etwa 90° erfolgt.
- Rauchmelder nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Retroreflektor (3) durch ein Prisma von der Gestalt einer geraden Pyramide gebildet ist.
- Rauchmelder nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Zähler des Quotienten durch das Empfangssignal für den Fall gleich gerichteter Schwingungsebenen von Polarisator (4) und Analysator (5) und der Nenner durch das Empfangssignal für den Fall gegeneinander um 90° verdrehter Schwingungsebenen von Polarisator (4) und Analysator (5) gebildet ist.
- Rauchmelder nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Wert des Quotienten von deutlich grösser als Eins als Anzeichen einer durch einen stark reflektierenden Gegenstand verursachten Unterbrechung des Strahlengangs vom Sender (1) über den Retroreflektor (3) zum Empfänger (2), ein Wert des Quotienten von ungefähr gleich Eins als Anzeichen einer durch einen diffus streuenden Gegenstand verursachten Unterbrechung des Strahlengangs, und ein Wert des Quotienten deutlich kleiner.als Eins als Anzeichen für einen ungestörten Strahlengang interpretiert wird.
- Rauchmelder nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Zähler des Quotienten durch das Empfangssignal für den Fall gegeneinander um 90° verdrehter Schwingungsebenen von Polarisator (4) und Analysator (5) und der Nenner durch das Empfangssignal für den Fall gleich gerichteter Schwingungsebenen von Polarisator (4) und Analysator (5) gebildet ist.
- Rauchmelder nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Wert des Quotienten von deutlich kleiner als Eins als Anzeichen einer durch einen stark reflektierenden Gegenstand verursachten Unterbrechung des Strahlengangs vom Sender (1) über den Retroreflektor (3) zum Empfänger (2), ein Wert des Quotienten von ungefähr gleich Eins als Anzeichen einer. durch einen diffus streuenden Gegenstand verursachten Unterbrechung des Strahlengangs, und ein Wert des Quotienten deutlich grösser als Eins als Anzeichen für einen ungestörten Strahlengang interpretiert wird.
- Verfahren zum Betrieb des Rauchmelders nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im normalen Betriebszustand der Polarisator (4) so eingestellt ist, dass seine Schwingungsebene zu derjenigen des Analysators (5) senkrecht steht, dass das Empfangssignal mit einem Schwellwert verglichen wird, und dass bei Unterschreiten des genannten Schwellwerts durch das Empfangssignal eine Verknüpfung der Empfangssignale in den beiden Schwingungsebenen zum Zweck der Verifikation des Empfangssignals erfolgt.
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP01114103A EP1265205B1 (de) | 2001-06-09 | 2001-06-09 | Linearer Rauchmelder |
DE50105124T DE50105124D1 (de) | 2001-06-09 | 2001-06-09 | Linearer Rauchmelder |
AT01114103T ATE287568T1 (de) | 2001-06-09 | 2001-06-09 | Linearer rauchmelder |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP01114103A EP1265205B1 (de) | 2001-06-09 | 2001-06-09 | Linearer Rauchmelder |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1265205A1 EP1265205A1 (de) | 2002-12-11 |
EP1265205B1 true EP1265205B1 (de) | 2005-01-19 |
Family
ID=8177687
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP01114103A Expired - Lifetime EP1265205B1 (de) | 2001-06-09 | 2001-06-09 | Linearer Rauchmelder |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1265205B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE287568T1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE50105124D1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE50301082D1 (de) * | 2003-01-29 | 2005-10-06 | Siemens Building Tech Ag | Verfahren und Werkzeug zur Installation eines linearen Rauchmelders |
GB2588129B (en) * | 2019-10-08 | 2021-12-29 | Ffe Ltd | Improvements in or relating to beam detectors |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2824583C3 (de) * | 1978-06-05 | 1985-10-03 | Erwin Sick Gmbh Optik-Elektronik, 7808 Waldkirch | Reflexionslichtschranke zum Erkennen auch stark reflektierender Gegenstände innerhalb einer von einem Strahlenbündel durchsetzten Überwachungsstrecke |
US5502434A (en) * | 1992-05-29 | 1996-03-26 | Hockiki Kabushiki Kaisha | Smoke sensor |
DE29707066U1 (de) * | 1997-04-21 | 1997-08-14 | IMOS Gubela GmbH, 77871 Renchen | Mikroretroflektor |
-
2001
- 2001-06-09 EP EP01114103A patent/EP1265205B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-06-09 AT AT01114103T patent/ATE287568T1/de active
- 2001-06-09 DE DE50105124T patent/DE50105124D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE50105124D1 (de) | 2005-02-24 |
EP1265205A1 (de) | 2002-12-11 |
ATE287568T1 (de) | 2005-02-15 |
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