EP1265205A1 - Linear smoke detector - Google Patents

Linear smoke detector Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1265205A1
EP1265205A1 EP01114103A EP01114103A EP1265205A1 EP 1265205 A1 EP1265205 A1 EP 1265205A1 EP 01114103 A EP01114103 A EP 01114103A EP 01114103 A EP01114103 A EP 01114103A EP 1265205 A1 EP1265205 A1 EP 1265205A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
receiver
polarizer
transmitter
smoke detector
analyzer
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Application number
EP01114103A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1265205B1 (en
Inventor
Marc Pierre Dr. Thuillard
Peter Dr. Nebiker
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Siemens Building Technologies AG
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Siemens Building Technologies AG
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Priority to DE50105124T priority Critical patent/DE50105124D1/en
Priority to EP01114103A priority patent/EP1265205B1/en
Priority to AT01114103T priority patent/ATE287568T1/en
Publication of EP1265205A1 publication Critical patent/EP1265205A1/en
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Publication of EP1265205B1 publication Critical patent/EP1265205B1/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/103—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a linear smoke detector with a transmitter for transmission of a light beam crossing a measuring section, one arranged next to the transmitter Receiver and a retroreflector arranged at a distance from the transmitter / receiver which is the plane of vibration of an incident light beam by a certain angle rotates.
  • Such smoke detectors are used in particular in large or narrow rooms, for example used in corridors, warehouses and manufacturing halls and in aircraft hangars and below the ceiling mounted on the walls.
  • the standard version there are transmitters and receivers facing each other and no retroreflector is required. Only then will these used when the spaces are so short that the minimum length of the light beam is about 10 m would otherwise not be achieved to double the sensitivity of the detector the measuring distance, or if the side opposite the transmitter is not is stable or no receiver can be installed there.
  • reflector is cheaper and much easier to install the linear smoke detectors with retroreflectors are becoming increasingly stronger.
  • the linear smoke detectors with retroreflectors have a certain susceptibility to reflections caused by objects protruding into the beam path. Such items can pretend that the light beam is undisturbed from the transmitter to the receiver runs and the detector is fully functional, although the space between the Object and the retroreflector covered by the object and therefore not by the detector is "seen”.
  • the analyzer provided on the receiver is designed so that its vibration level runs parallel to that of the light reflected by the retroreflector. If a reflective If the obstacle gets into the beam path, the receiver receives the polarization polarized by the transmitter Light, but with the polarizer of the transmitter one to the vibration level of the analyzer has a perpendicular vibration plane. As a result, the recipient "sees" no light, which in reverse means that there is an obstacle in the beam path located.
  • the retroreflectors used in linear smoke detectors are shaped by prisms a straight pyramid (see, for example, CH-A-690 635), which the vibration plane of the incident light can be rotated by 90 °, you could do that from EP-A-0 005 852 transfer known principle to linear smoke detectors, also by the Transmitter has a polarizer and an analyzer with a parallel to the receiver Vibration level of the vibration level running from the retroreflector arranges. Whenever there is no received signal, one could assume that the beam path is interrupted by an obstacle.
  • the invention is now intended to provide a linear smoke detector of the type mentioned at the outset be, the reliable detection of interference of the beam path by protruding into this Objects and a clear distinction between disorders of the beam path and Allows smoke.
  • This object is achieved in that in the beam path after the transmitter a polarizer and one in front of the receiver for light with a certain vibration level permeable analyzer is arranged that said polarizer through an active polarizer for controlled rotation of the plane of vibration of the light beam emitted by the transmitter is formed in two different levels and that the recipient is used to link the received signals caused by the light radiation in these two vibration levels is trained.
  • a first preferred embodiment of the smoke detector according to the invention is thereby characterized in that the retroreflector rotates the plane of vibration of the impinging Light beam takes place at about 90 °.
  • the retroreflector is preferably through a Prism formed by the shape of a straight pyramid.
  • a second preferred embodiment of the smoke detector according to the invention is thereby characterized in that the reception signals are linked by forming quotients.
  • a further preferred embodiment of the smoke detector according to the invention is thereby characterized that one of the terms of the quotient by the received signal for the case rectified and the other by the received signal for the case against each other 90 ° rotated vibration planes are formed by the polarizer and analyzer.
  • the analyzer on the receiver has a vertical vibration plane
  • the vertical plane of vibration of the polarizer at the transmitter from that of the retroreflector Light rotated by about 90 ° into the horizontal only a very small proportion to the receiver reach.
  • the horizontal oscillation plane of the polarizer on the transmitter the receiver received a relatively large amount of light. If there is a reflective object in the Beam path, then the original, non-rotated transmission beam falls on the receiver, so that the received signal in the first case (case A: parallel vibration levels on Sender and receiver) relatively large and in the second case (case B: perpendicular to each other Vibration levels at the transmitter and receiver) will be relatively small.
  • the invention further relates to a method for operating said smoke detector.
  • the polarizer is set in the normal operating state so that its plane of vibration is perpendicular to that of the analyzer, that the received signal is compared with a threshold value, and that when the value falls below Threshold value through the reception signal a link between the reception signals in the two Vibration levels for the purpose of verifying the received signal.
  • the received signal in case B normally has a certain value that reduces when smoke enters the beam path becomes.
  • the signal is verified by forming the quotient A / B as described. is this quotient is much smaller than one, then it is one caused by smoke Alarm or pre-alarm.
  • the quotient is much larger than one, there is a disturbance due to an in the beam path protruding, highly reflective object, for example a metal plate. In this In the event of a fault, the alarm signal is greatly delayed.
  • the quotient A / B is neither much larger nor much smaller than one, but approximately is equal to one, there is also a fault indication, because in this case it is assumed can be that the beam path through a diffuse scatterer, for example a cardboard box or Wooden panel that is interrupted.
  • a diffuse scatterer for example a cardboard box or Wooden panel that is interrupted.
  • a value much larger than one would be the normal case indicate a value much less than one a beam interruption by a strong reflective object and a beam break due to approximately equal to one a diffuse spreader.
  • the smoke detector shown in Fig. 1 works on the principle of extinction, that is Attenuation of a light beam by smoke entering it.
  • the smoke detector is there as shown from a transmitter 1, a receiver arranged next to the transmitter 2 and from a retroreflector 3 opposite the transmitter / receiver Transmitter 1 sends a modulated infrared beam to retroreflector 3, which hits the Beam reflected on the receiver 2.
  • a part of the infrared beam is absorbed by these particles on the one hand, and on the other other part of the infrared beam is reflected from or scattered by the particles. Both effects cause a reduction in the light incident on the receiver 2.
  • Sender 1 and receiver 2 are preferably arranged in a common housing.
  • a retroreflective prism of the shape of a straight line Pyramid the side surfaces of which are formed by isosceles, right-angled triangles are.
  • Such a retroreflector acts on the incident light as a polarizer and rotates it Vibration plane by approximately 90 °, this angle being scattered over a certain range can.
  • the polarizer 4 is a so-called active polarizer, which is a polarizer, which the light either in one or in the other plane of vibration leaves.
  • This polarizer can be formed, for example, by a liquid crystal plate be whose vibration level is 90 ° depending on the applied voltage rotates (see for example US-A-5 280 272, Fig. 9).
  • Suitable liquid crystal panels are known for example under the name TN (Twisted Nematic) displays.
  • the normal operating state of the smoke detector is case B with mutually perpendicular Vibration levels of polarizer 4 and analyzer 5, the receiver being relatively much Receives light and the received signal is large.
  • the polarizer 4 is controlled so that a Rotation of its plane of vibration takes place.
  • the quotient Q A / B is formed to verify whether the alarm or pre-alarm threshold is undershot by smoke or by a disturbance is caused.
  • Q «1 the light beam is attenuated of transmitter 1 due to smoke, i.e.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

The device transmits a light beam along a measurement path. A retroreflector rotates the polarization plane of an incident light beam by a defined angle. An active polarizer between transmitter and a receiver is associated with an analyzer transmissive for light with a defined polarization plane and performs controlled rotation of the polarization plane in two different planes. The receiver combines the received signals caused by light in these two planes. <??>The device has a transmitter (1) of a light beam along a measurement path, a receiver (2) and a retroreflector (3) that rotates the polarization plane of an incident light beam by a defined angle. An active polarizer (4) in the beam path after the transmitter and before the receiver is associated with an analyzer (5) transmissive for light with a defined polarization. The polarizer performs controlled rotation of the polarization plane in two different planes and the receiver combines the received signals caused by light in these two planes. <??>An Independent claim is also included for a method of operating a smoke alarm.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen linearen Rauchmelder mit einem Sender zur Aussendung eines eine Messstrecke durchquerenden Lichtstrahls, einem neben dem Sender angeordneten Empfänger und einem im Abstand vom Sender/Empfänger angeordneten Retroreflektor welcher die Schwingungsebene eines auftreffenden Lichtstrahls um einen bestimmten Winkel dreht.The present invention relates to a linear smoke detector with a transmitter for transmission of a light beam crossing a measuring section, one arranged next to the transmitter Receiver and a retroreflector arranged at a distance from the transmitter / receiver which is the plane of vibration of an incident light beam by a certain angle rotates.

Derartige Rauchmelder werden insbesondere in grossen oder schmalen Räumen, beispielsweise in Korridoren, Lager- und Fabrikationshallen und in Flugzeughangars eingesetzt und unterhalb der Decke an den Wänden montiert. In der Standardausführung liegen Sender und Empfänger einander gegenüber und es ist kein Retroreflektor erforderlich. Diese werden erst dann verwendet, wenn die Räume so kurz sind, dass die minimale Länge des Lichtstrahls von etwa 10 m sonst nicht erreicht würde, um die Ansprechempfindlichkeit des Melders durch Verdoppeung der Messstrecke zu erhöhen, oder wenn die dem Sender gegenüberliegende Seite nicht stabil ist oder dort kein Empfänger installiert werden kann. Da aber die Ausführung mit dem Reflektor preisgünstiger und wesentlich einfacher zu installieren ist, setzen sich in jüngster Zeit die linearen Rauchmelder mit Retroreflektor immer stärker durch.Such smoke detectors are used in particular in large or narrow rooms, for example used in corridors, warehouses and manufacturing halls and in aircraft hangars and below the ceiling mounted on the walls. In the standard version there are transmitters and receivers facing each other and no retroreflector is required. Only then will these used when the spaces are so short that the minimum length of the light beam is about 10 m would otherwise not be achieved to double the sensitivity of the detector the measuring distance, or if the side opposite the transmitter is not is stable or no receiver can be installed there. But since the execution with the Recently, reflector is cheaper and much easier to install the linear smoke detectors with retroreflectors are becoming increasingly stronger.

Die linearen Rauchmelder mit Retroreflektor weisen eine gewisse Anfälligkeit auf Reflexionen auf, die durch in den Strahlengang ragende Gegenstände verursacht sind. Solche Gegenstände können unter Umständen vortäuschen, dass der Lichtstrahl ungestört vom Sender zum Empfänger verläuft und der Melder voll funktionsfähig ist, obwohl der Raumbereich zwischen dem Gegenstand und dem Retroreflektor vom Gegenstand abgedeckt und somit vom Melder nicht "gesehen" wird.The linear smoke detectors with retroreflectors have a certain susceptibility to reflections caused by objects protruding into the beam path. Such items can pretend that the light beam is undisturbed from the transmitter to the receiver runs and the detector is fully functional, although the space between the Object and the retroreflector covered by the object and therefore not by the detector is "seen".

Bei Reflexionslichtschranken mit nebeneinander liegender Sende- und Empfangsoptik besteht ein ähnliches Problem, indem hier stark reflektierende Gegenstände innerhalb der Überwachungsstrecke unter Umständen nicht erkannt werden. Dieses Problem wird beispielsweise bei einer in der EP-A-0 005 852 beschriebenen Reflexionslichtschranke der genannten Art dadurch gelöst, dass nach dem Sender ein Polarisator und vor dem Empfänger ein Analysator angeordnet, und dass ein optisch aktiver Retroreflektor verwendet wird, welcher die Schwingungsebene des einfallenden Lichts dreht, so dass das reflektierte Licht gegenüber dem einfallenden um einen rechten Winkel gedreht ist. With reflection light barriers with adjacent transmission and reception optics a similar problem by placing highly reflective objects within the surveillance route may not be recognized. For example, this problem is addressed at a reflection light barrier of the type mentioned described in EP-A-0 005 852 solved that a polarizer is arranged after the transmitter and an analyzer in front of the receiver, and that an optically active retroreflector is used, which is the vibration level of the incident light rotates so that the reflected light is opposite to the incident is rotated at a right angle.

Der am Empfänger vorgesehene Analysator ist so ausgebildet, dass seine Schwingungsebene parallel zu jener des vom Retroreflektor reflektierten Lichts verläuft. Wenn ein reflektierendes Hindernis in den Strahlengang gelangt, dann erhält der Empfänger direkt das vom Sender polarisierte Licht, wobei aber der Polarisator des Senders eine zur Schwingungsebene des Analysators rechtwinkelig ausgerichtete Schwingungsebene aufweist. Als Folge davon "sieht" der Empfänger kein Licht, was im Umkehrschluss bedeutet, dass sich ein Hindernis im Strahlengang befindet.The analyzer provided on the receiver is designed so that its vibration level runs parallel to that of the light reflected by the retroreflector. If a reflective If the obstacle gets into the beam path, the receiver receives the polarization polarized by the transmitter Light, but with the polarizer of the transmitter one to the vibration level of the analyzer has a perpendicular vibration plane. As a result, the recipient "sees" no light, which in reverse means that there is an obstacle in the beam path located.

Da die bei linearen Rauchmeldern verwendeten Retroreflektoren durch Prismen von der Form einer geraden Pyramide gebildet sind (siehe dazu beispielsweise die CH-A-690 635), welche die Schwingungsebene des einfallenden Lichts um 90° drehen, könnte man das aus der EP-A-0 005 852 bekannte Prinzip auf lineare Rauchmelder übertragen, indem man ebenfalls nach dem Sender einen Polarisator und vor dem Empfänger einen Analysator mit einer parallel zur Schwingungsebene des vom Retroreflektor reflektierten Lichts verlaufenden Schwingungsebene anordnet. Immer dann, wenn kein Empfangssignal vorhanden ist, könnte man davon ausgehen, dass der Strahlengang durch ein Hindernis unterbrochen ist.Because the retroreflectors used in linear smoke detectors are shaped by prisms a straight pyramid (see, for example, CH-A-690 635), which the vibration plane of the incident light can be rotated by 90 °, you could do that from EP-A-0 005 852 transfer known principle to linear smoke detectors, also by the Transmitter has a polarizer and an analyzer with a parallel to the receiver Vibration level of the vibration level running from the retroreflector arranges. Whenever there is no received signal, one could assume that the beam path is interrupted by an obstacle.

Die Praxis hat aber gezeigt, dass die Drehung der Schwingungsebene des einfallenden Lichts durch die genannten pyramidenförmigen Retroreflektoren innerhalb einer relativ grossen Bandbreite schwankt, so dass ein auf diese Weise ausgebildeter linearer Brandmelder nicht in der Lage wäre, eine sichere Störungserkennung einerseits und eine zuverlässige Rauchdetektion andererseits zu gewährleisten. Denn unter Umständen könnte die nicht genau rechtwinkelige Drehung der Schwingungsebene durch den Retroreflektor bewirken, dass das von einem reflektierenden Hindernis stammende Empfangssignal gegenüber demjenigen bei ungestörtem Strahlengang abgeschwächt wäre und somit der Störfall (reflektierender Gegenstand im Strahlengang) vom Alarmfall (Rauch im Strahlengang) nicht unterschieden werden könnte.Practice has shown, however, that the rotation of the plane of vibration of the incident light through the pyramid-shaped retroreflectors mentioned within a relatively wide range fluctuates, so that a linear fire detector designed in this way is not in the On the one hand, reliable fault detection and reliable smoke detection would be possible on the other hand to ensure. Because under certain circumstances the could not be exactly right-angled Rotation of the plane of vibration by the retroreflector causes that of a reflective Obstacle received signal compared to that with undisturbed Beam path would be weakened and thus the accident (reflecting object in the beam path) could not be distinguished from the alarm case (smoke in the beam path).

Durch die Erfindung soll nun ein linearer Rauchmelder der eingangs genannten Art angegeben werden, der eine sichere Erkennung von Störungen des Strahlengangs durch in diesen ragende Gegenstände und eine eindeutige Unterscheidung zwischen Störungen des Strahlengangs und Rauch ermöglicht.The invention is now intended to provide a linear smoke detector of the type mentioned at the outset be, the reliable detection of interference of the beam path by protruding into this Objects and a clear distinction between disorders of the beam path and Allows smoke.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäss dadurch gelöst, dass im Strahlengang nach dem Sender ein Polarisator und vor dem Empfänger ein für Licht mit einer bestimmten Schwingungsebene durchlässiger Analysator angeordnet ist, dass der genannte Polarisator durch einen aktiven Polarisator zur gesteuerten Drehung der Schwingungsebene des vom Sender ausgesandten Lichtstrahls in zwei verschiedene Ebenen gebildet ist, und dass der Empfänger zur Verknüpfung der von der Lichtstrahlung in diesen beiden Schwingungsebenen verursachten Empfangssignale ausgebildet ist. This object is achieved in that in the beam path after the transmitter a polarizer and one in front of the receiver for light with a certain vibration level permeable analyzer is arranged that said polarizer through an active polarizer for controlled rotation of the plane of vibration of the light beam emitted by the transmitter is formed in two different levels and that the recipient is used to link the received signals caused by the light radiation in these two vibration levels is trained.

Eine erste bevorzugte Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemässen Rauchmelders ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass durch den Retroreflektor eine Drehung der Schwingungsebene des auftreffenden Lichtstrahls um etwa 90° erfolgt. Vorzugsweise ist der Retroreflektor durch ein Prisma von der Gestalt einer geraden Pyramide gebildet.A first preferred embodiment of the smoke detector according to the invention is thereby characterized in that the retroreflector rotates the plane of vibration of the impinging Light beam takes place at about 90 °. The retroreflector is preferably through a Prism formed by the shape of a straight pyramid.

Eine zweite bevorzugte Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemässen Rauchmelders ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verknüpfung der Empfangssignale durch Quotientenbildung erfolgt.A second preferred embodiment of the smoke detector according to the invention is thereby characterized in that the reception signals are linked by forming quotients.

Eine weitere bevorzugte Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemässen Rauchmelders ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eines der Glieder des Quotienten durch das Empfangssignal für den Fall gleich gerichteter und das andere durch das Empfangssignal für den Fall gegeneinander um 90° verdrehter Schwingungsebenen von Polarisator und Analysator gebildet ist.A further preferred embodiment of the smoke detector according to the invention is thereby characterized that one of the terms of the quotient by the received signal for the case rectified and the other by the received signal for the case against each other 90 ° rotated vibration planes are formed by the polarizer and analyzer.

Wenn beispielsweise der Analysator am Empfänger eine vertikale Schwingungsebene aufweist, dann wird bei vertikaler Schwingungsebene des Polarisators am Sender von dem vom Retroreflektor um etwa 90° in die Horizontale gedrehten Licht nur ein sehr geringer Anteil zum Empfänger gelangen. Umgekehrt wird bei horizontaler Schwingungsebene des Polarisators am Sender der Empfänger relativ viel Licht empfangen. Wenn sich ein reflektierender Gegenstand im Strahlengang befindet, dann fällt auf den Empfänger der ursprüngliche, nicht gedrehte Sendestrahl, so dass das Empfangssignal im ersten Fall (Fall A: parallele Schwingungsebenen an Sender und Empfänger) relativ gross und im zweiten Fall (Fall B: aufeinander senkrechte Schwingungsebenen an Sender und Empfänger) relativ klein sein wird.For example, if the analyzer on the receiver has a vertical vibration plane, then with the vertical plane of vibration of the polarizer at the transmitter from that of the retroreflector Light rotated by about 90 ° into the horizontal only a very small proportion to the receiver reach. Conversely, the horizontal oscillation plane of the polarizer on the transmitter the receiver received a relatively large amount of light. If there is a reflective object in the Beam path, then the original, non-rotated transmission beam falls on the receiver, so that the received signal in the first case (case A: parallel vibration levels on Sender and receiver) relatively large and in the second case (case B: perpendicular to each other Vibration levels at the transmitter and receiver) will be relatively small.

Die Quotientenbildung der Empfangssignale führt somit zum Ergebnis, dass der Quotient A/B im Normalfall sehr viel kleiner und im Störungsfall mit einem in den Strahlengang ragenden Reflektor sehr viel grösser als Eins sein wird.The formation of the quotient of the received signals thus leads to the result that the quotient A / B normally much smaller and in the event of a fault with a protruding into the beam path Reflector will be much larger than one.

Die Erfindung betrifft weiter ein Verfahren zum Betrieb des genannten Rauchmelders. Dieses ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im normalen Betriebszustand der Polarisator so eingestellt ist, dass seine Schwingungsebene zu derjenigen des Analysators senkrecht steht, dass das Empfangssignal mit einem Schwellwert verglichen wird, und dass bei Unterschreiten des genannten Schwellwerts durch das Empfangssignal eine Verknüpfung der Empfangssignale in den beiden Schwingungsebenen zum Zweck der Verifikation des Empfangssignals erfolgt.The invention further relates to a method for operating said smoke detector. This is characterized in that the polarizer is set in the normal operating state so that its plane of vibration is perpendicular to that of the analyzer, that the received signal is compared with a threshold value, and that when the value falls below Threshold value through the reception signal a link between the reception signals in the two Vibration levels for the purpose of verifying the received signal.

Im Betrieb des erfindungsgemässen Rauchmelders hat das Empfangssignal im Fall B im Normalfall einen bestimmten Wert, der bei Eindringen von Rauch in den Strahlengang reduziert wird. Sobald das Empfangssignal eine bestimmte Alarm- oder Voralarmschwelle unterschreitet, erfolgt eine Verifikation des Signals durch die beschriebene Bildung des Quotienten A/B. Ist dieser Quotient sehr viel kleiner als Eins, dann handelt es sich um einen durch Rauch verursachten Alarm oder Voralarm. In operation of the smoke detector according to the invention, the received signal in case B normally has a certain value that reduces when smoke enters the beam path becomes. As soon as the received signal falls below a certain alarm or pre-alarm threshold, the signal is verified by forming the quotient A / B as described. is this quotient is much smaller than one, then it is one caused by smoke Alarm or pre-alarm.

Ist der Quotient sehr viel grösser als Eins, liegt eine Störung durch einen in den Strahlengang ragenden, stark reflektierenden Gegenstand, beispielsweise eine Metallplatte, vor. In diesem Fall erfolgt eine Störungsanzeige oder eine starke Verzögerung des Alarmsignals.If the quotient is much larger than one, there is a disturbance due to an in the beam path protruding, highly reflective object, for example a metal plate. In this In the event of a fault, the alarm signal is greatly delayed.

Wenn der Quotient A/B weder sehr viel grösser noch sehr viel kleiner als Eins sondern ungefähr gleich Eins ist, erfolgt ebenfalls eine Störungsanzeige, weil in diesem Fall davon ausgegangen werden kann, dass der Strahlengang durch einen diffusen Streuer, beispielsweise eine Kartonoder Holzplatte, unterbrochen ist. Selbstverständlich kann man anstatt des Quotienten A/B auch den Quotienten B/A bilden. In diesem Fall würde ein Wert sehr viel grösser als Eins den Normalfall anzeigen, ein Wert sehr viel kleiner als Eins eine Strahlunterbrechung durch einen stark reflektierenden Gegenstand und ein wert ungefähr gleich Eins eine Strahlunterbrechung durch einen diffusen Streuer.If the quotient A / B is neither much larger nor much smaller than one, but approximately is equal to one, there is also a fault indication, because in this case it is assumed can be that the beam path through a diffuse scatterer, for example a cardboard box or Wooden panel that is interrupted. Of course, instead of the quotient A / B you can also form the quotient B / A. In this case, a value much larger than one would be the normal case indicate a value much less than one a beam interruption by a strong reflective object and a beam break due to approximately equal to one a diffuse spreader.

Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels und der Zeichnungen näher erläutert; es zeigt:

Fig. 1
eine schematische Draufsicht auf einen linearen Rauchmelder mit Sender/Empfänger und Retroreflektor; und
Fig. 2
den Retroreflektor des Rauchmelders von Fig. 1.
The invention is explained in more detail below with the aid of an exemplary embodiment and the drawings; it shows:
Fig. 1
a schematic plan view of a linear smoke detector with transmitter / receiver and retroreflector; and
Fig. 2
the retroreflector of the smoke detector of Fig. 1st

Der in Fig. 1 dargestellte Rauchmelder funktioniert nach dem Prinzip der Extinktion, also der Abschwächung eines Lichtstrahls durch in diesen eintretenden Rauch. Der Rauchmelder besteht darstellungsgemäss aus einem Sender 1, einem neben dem Sender angeordneten Empfänger 2 und aus einem dem Sender/Empfänger gegenüberliegenden Retroreflektor 3. Der Sender 1 sendet einen modulierten Infrarotstrahl zum Retroreflektor 3, der den auftreffenden Strahl auf den Empfänger 2 reflektiert. Sobald Rauchpartikel in den Strahlengang gelangen, wird einerseits ein Teil des Infrarotstrahls von diesen Partikeln absorbiert, und andererseits ein anderer Teil des Infrarotstrahls von den Partikeln reflektiert oder an ihnen gestreut. Beide Effekte bewirken eine Reduktion des auf dem Empfänger 2 auftreffenden Lichts. Sender 1 und Empfänger 2 sind vorzugsweise in einem gemeinsamen Gehäuse angeordnet.The smoke detector shown in Fig. 1 works on the principle of extinction, that is Attenuation of a light beam by smoke entering it. The smoke detector is there as shown from a transmitter 1, a receiver arranged next to the transmitter 2 and from a retroreflector 3 opposite the transmitter / receiver Transmitter 1 sends a modulated infrared beam to retroreflector 3, which hits the Beam reflected on the receiver 2. As soon as smoke particles get into the beam path, a part of the infrared beam is absorbed by these particles on the one hand, and on the other other part of the infrared beam is reflected from or scattered by the particles. Both effects cause a reduction in the light incident on the receiver 2. Sender 1 and receiver 2 are preferably arranged in a common housing.

Der Retroreflektor 3 ist gemäss Fig. 2 ein retroreflektierendes Prisma von der Gestalt einer geraden Pyramide, deren Seitenflächen durch gleichschenkelige, rechtwinkelige Dreiecke gebildet sind. Ein solcher Retroreflektor wirkt auf das auftreffende Licht als Polarisator und dreht dessen Schwingungsebene um ungefähr 90°, wobei dieser Winkel in einem gewissen Bereich streuen kann.2 is a retroreflective prism of the shape of a straight line Pyramid, the side surfaces of which are formed by isosceles, right-angled triangles are. Such a retroreflector acts on the incident light as a polarizer and rotates it Vibration plane by approximately 90 °, this angle being scattered over a certain range can.

Im Strahlengang vom Sender 1 zum Retroreflektor 3 und von diesem zum Empfänger 2 ist unmittelbar nach dem Sender 1 ein Polarisator 4 und unmittelbar vor dem Empfänger 2 ein Analysator 5 angeordnet. Der Polarisator 4 ist ein so genannter aktiver Polarisator, das ist ein Polarisator, welcher das Licht wahlweise in der einen oder in der anderen Schwingungsebene hindurch lässt. Dieser Polarisator kann beispielsweise durch eine Flüssigkristall-Platte gebildet sein, deren Schwingungsebene sich in Abhängigkeit von der angelegten Spannung um 90° dreht (siehe dazu beispielsweise US-A-5 280 272, Fig. 9). Geeignete Flüssigkristall-Platten sind beispielsweise unter der Bezeichnung TN (Twisted Nematic) Displays bekannt.In the beam path from the transmitter 1 to the retroreflector 3 and from this to the receiver 2 is immediate after the transmitter 1 a polarizer 4 and immediately before the receiver 2 an analyzer 5 arranged. The polarizer 4 is a so-called active polarizer, which is a polarizer, which the light either in one or in the other plane of vibration leaves. This polarizer can be formed, for example, by a liquid crystal plate be whose vibration level is 90 ° depending on the applied voltage rotates (see for example US-A-5 280 272, Fig. 9). Suitable liquid crystal panels are known for example under the name TN (Twisted Nematic) displays.

Der Analysator 5 lässt nur Licht in einer Schwingungsebene hindurch. Je nach Polarisationsebene des aktiven Polarisators 4 sind die folgenden zwei Fälle möglich:

  • Fall A: Schwingungsebene des Polarisators 4 und Schwingungsebene des Analysators 5 sind parallel, beispielsweise vertikal. Der Retroreflektor 3 dreht das vom Sender 1 kommende Licht um 90° in die horizontale Ebene. Dann wird im Normalfall nur sehr wenig Licht auf den Empfänger 2 gelangen und das Empfangssignal wird entsprechend klein sein. Wenn der Strahlengang durch einen stark reflektierenden Gegenstand, beispielsweise eine Metallplatte, unterbrochen wird, schwingt das auf den Analysator 5 fallende Licht in der vertikalen Ebene und wird zum Empfänger 2 durch gelassen. In diesem Störungsfall gelangt also relativ viel Licht auf den Empfänger 2.
  • Fall B: Schwingungsebene des Polarisators 4 und Schwingungsebene des Analysators 5 sind zueinander senkrecht, beispielsweise Schwingungsebene des Polarisators 4 horizontal und Schwingungsebene des Analysators 5 vertikal. Der Retroreflektor 3 dreht das vom Sender 1 kommende Licht um 90° in die vertikale Ebene. Dann wird im Normalfall viel Licht auf den Empfänger 2 gelangen und das Empfangssignal wird entsprechend gross sein. Wenn der Strahlengang durch einen stark reflektierenden Gegenstand, beispielsweise eine Metallplatte, unterbrochen wird, schwingt das auf den Analysator 5 fallende Licht in der horizontalen Ebene und wird nicht zum Empfänger 2 durch gelassen. In diesem Störungsfall gelangt also nur sehr wenig Licht auf den Empfänger 2.
The analyzer 5 only lets light through in one vibration plane. Depending on the polarization level of the active polarizer 4, the following two cases are possible:
  • Case A: Vibration level of the polarizer 4 and vibration level of the analyzer 5 are parallel, for example vertical. The retroreflector 3 rotates the light coming from the transmitter 1 by 90 ° into the horizontal plane. Then only very little light will normally reach the receiver 2 and the received signal will be correspondingly small. If the beam path is interrupted by a highly reflective object, for example a metal plate, the light falling on the analyzer 5 vibrates in the vertical plane and is transmitted to the receiver 2. In this case of malfunction, a relatively large amount of light reaches the receiver 2.
  • Case B: Vibration level of the polarizer 4 and vibration level of the analyzer 5 are perpendicular to one another, for example vibration level of the polarizer 4 horizontal and vibration level of the analyzer 5 vertical. The retroreflector 3 rotates the light coming from the transmitter 1 by 90 ° into the vertical plane. Then a lot of light will normally reach the receiver 2 and the received signal will be correspondingly large. If the beam path is interrupted by a highly reflective object, for example a metal plate, the light falling on the analyzer 5 vibrates in the horizontal plane and is not transmitted to the receiver 2. In the event of a fault, very little light reaches the receiver 2.

Durch Bildung des Quotienten Q = A/B kann man auf einfache Art feststellen, ob das vom Sender 1 ausgesandte Licht ungestört zum Empfänger 2 gelangt, oder ob der Strahlengang durch ein diesen ragendes Objekt gestört ist. Der Quotient Q kann die folgenden Werte annehmen:

  • Q = A/B « 1: Der Empfänger 2 erhält bei vertikaler Schwingungsebene des Sendelichts wenig und bei horizontaler Schwingungsebene viel Licht ⇒ Sendelicht gelangt über den Retroreflektor 3 zum Empfänger 2, also handelt es sich um einen Normalfall mit ungestörtem Strahlengang.
  • Q = A/B »1: Der Empfänger 2 erhält bei vertikaler Schwingungsebene des Sendelichts viel und bei horizontaler Schwingungsebene wenig Licht ⇒ Sendelicht gelangt direkt zum Empfänger 2, also handelt es sich um einen Störfall mit einem den Strahlengang unterbrechenden stark reflektierenden Objekt, wie beispielsweise einer Metallplatte.
  • Q = A/B ≈ 1: Der Empfänger 2 erhält bei vertikaler und bei horizontaler Polarisation des Sendelichts etwa gleich viel Licht ⇒ Sendelicht gelangt nicht über den Retroreflektor 3 zum Empfänger 2, wird aber auch nicht von einem stark reflektierenden Objekt zum Empfänger gelenkt. Daraus folgt, dass der Strahlengang unterbrochen ist, aber nicht von einem stark reflektierenden sondern von einem diffus streuenden Objekt, wie beispielsweise einer Holzoder Kartonplatte. Also handelt es sich auch hier um einen Störfall.
By forming the quotient Q = A / B, it can be determined in a simple manner whether the light emitted by the transmitter 1 reaches the receiver 2 without being disturbed, or whether the beam path is disturbed by an object projecting from it. The quotient Q can have the following values:
  • Q = A / B «1: The receiver 2 receives little light in the vertical vibration plane of the transmission light and a lot in the horizontal vibration plane ⇒ transmission light reaches the receiver 2 via the retroreflector 3, so this is a normal case with an undisturbed beam path.
  • Q = A / B »1: Receiver 2 receives a lot of light in the vertical vibration plane of the transmitted light and little light in the horizontal vibration plane ⇒ Transmitted light reaches receiver 2 directly, so this is an accident with a highly reflective object that interrupts the beam path, such as a metal plate.
  • Q = A / B ≈ 1: The receiver 2 receives about the same amount of light with vertical and horizontal polarization of the transmission light ⇒ transmission light does not reach the receiver 2 via the retroreflector 3, but is also not directed to the receiver by a highly reflective object. It follows that the beam path is interrupted, but not by a highly reflective but by a diffusely scattering object, such as a wooden or cardboard plate. So this is also an accident.

Der normale Betriebszustand des Rauchmelders ist der Fall B mit zueinander senkrechten Schwingungsebenen von Polarisators 4 und Analysator 5, wobei der Empfänger relativ viel Licht erhält und das Empfangssignal gross ist. Sobald das Empfangssignal eine bestimmte Alarm- oder Voralarmschwelle unterschreitet, wird der Polarisator 4 so angesteuert, dass eine Drehung seiner Schwingungsebene erfolgt. Dann wird der Quotient Q = A/B gebildet, um zu verifizieren, ob das Unterschreiten der Alarm- oder Voralarmschwelle durch Rauch oder durch eine Störung verursacht ist. Im Fall von Q « 1 handelt es sich um Abschwächung des Lichtstrahls des Senders 1 durch Rauch, also um einen Alarmfall, im Fall von Q »1 handelt es sich um eine Reflexion des Sendelichts auf den Empfänger durch ein stark reflektierendes Objekt unter Ausschaltung des Retroreflektors 3, also um einen Störfall, und im Fall Q ≈ 1 handelt es sich um eine Streuung des Sendelichts auf den Empfänger 2 durch ein diffus streuendes Objekt unter Ausschaltung des Retroreflektors 3, also ebenfalls um einen Störfall.The normal operating state of the smoke detector is case B with mutually perpendicular Vibration levels of polarizer 4 and analyzer 5, the receiver being relatively much Receives light and the received signal is large. As soon as the reception signal a certain Falls below the alarm or pre-alarm threshold, the polarizer 4 is controlled so that a Rotation of its plane of vibration takes place. Then the quotient Q = A / B is formed to verify whether the alarm or pre-alarm threshold is undershot by smoke or by a disturbance is caused. In the case of Q «1, the light beam is attenuated of transmitter 1 due to smoke, i.e. an alarm, in the case of Q »1 it is a reflection of the transmitted light on the receiver by a highly reflective object with the retroreflector 3 switched off, that is to say a malfunction, and in the case of Q ≈ 1 a scattering of the transmitted light on the receiver 2 by a diffusely scattering object with the retroreflector 3 switched off, also in the event of an accident.

Claims (9)

Linearer Rauchmelder mit einem Sender (1) zur Aussendung eines eine Messstrecke durchquerenden Lichtstrahls, einem Empfänger (2) und einem im Abstand vom Sender/Empfänger angeordneten Retroreflektor (3), welcher die Schwingungsebene eines auftreffenden Lichtstrahls um einen bestimmten Winkel dreht, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im Strahlengang nach dem Sender (1) ein Polarisator (4) und vor dem Empfänger (2) ein für Licht mit einer bestimmten Schwingungsebene durchlässiger Analysator (5) angeordnet ist, dass der genannte Polarisator (4) durch einen aktiven Polarisator zur gesteuerten Drehung der Schwingungsebene des vom Sender (1) ausgesandten Lichtstrahls in zwei verschiedene Ebenen gebildet ist, und dass der Empfänger (2) zur Verknüpfung der von der Lichtstrahlung in diesen beiden Schwingungsebenen verursachten Empfangssignale ausgebildet ist.Linear smoke detector with a transmitter (1) for emitting a light beam crossing a measurement section, a receiver (2) and a retroreflector (3) arranged at a distance from the transmitter / receiver, which rotates the plane of vibration of an incident light beam by a certain angle, characterized in that that a polarizer (4) is arranged in the beam path downstream of the transmitter (1) and an analyzer (5) which is permeable to light with a specific vibration level is arranged in front of the receiver (2), that said polarizer (4) is controlled by an active polarizer for controlled rotation the oscillation plane of the light beam emitted by the transmitter (1) is formed in two different planes, and that the receiver (2) is designed to link the received signals caused by the light radiation in these two oscillation planes. Rauchmelder nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass durch den Retroreflektor (3) eine Drehung der Schwingungsebene eines auftreffenden Lichtstrahls um etwa 90° erfolgt.Smoke detector according to claim 1, characterized in that the retroreflector (3) rotates the plane of vibration of an incident light beam by approximately 90 °. Rauchmelder nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Retroreflektor (3) durch ein Prisma von der Gestalt einer geraden Pyramide gebildet ist.Smoke detector according to claim 2, characterized in that the retroreflector (3) is formed by a prism in the form of a straight pyramid. Rauchmelder nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verknüpfung der Empfangssignale durch Quotientenbildung erfolgt.Smoke detector according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the reception signals are linked by forming quotients. Rauchmelder nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Zähler des Quotienten durch das Empfangssignal für den Fall gleich gerichteter Schwingungsebenen von Polarisator (4) und Analysator (5) und der Nenner durch das Empfangssignal für den Fall gegeneinander um 90° verdrehter Schwingungsebenen von Polarisator (4) und Analysator (5) gebildet ist.Smoke detector according to Claim 4, characterized in that the numerator of the quotient by the received signal for the case of oscillation planes of the polarizer (4) and analyzer (5) having the same direction and the denominator by the received signal for the case of oscillation planes of the polarizer rotated by 90 ° relative to one another 4) and analyzer (5) is formed. Rauchmelder nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Wert des Quotienten von deutlich grösser als Eins als Anzeichen einer durch einen stark reflektierenden Gegenstand verursachten Unterbrechung des Strahlengangs vom Sender (1) über den Retroreflektor (3) zum Empfänger (2), ein Wert des Quotienten von ungefähr gleich Eins als Anzeichen einer durch einen diffus streuenden Gegenstand verursachten Unterbrechung des Strahlengangs, und ein Wert des Quotienten deutlich kleiner als Eins als Anzeichen für einen ungestörten Strahlengang interpretiert wird.Smoke detector according to claim 5, characterized in that a value of the quotient of significantly greater than one as an indication of an interruption in the beam path caused by a highly reflective object from the transmitter (1) via the retroreflector (3) to the receiver (2), a value of Quotients of approximately equal to one as a sign of an interruption of the beam path caused by a diffusely scattering object, and a value of the quotient significantly less than one is interpreted as a sign of an undisturbed beam path. Rauchmelder nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Zähler des Quotienten durch das Empfangssignal für den Fall gegeneinander um 90° verdrehter Schwingungsebenen von Polarisator (4) und Analysator (5) und der Nenner durch das Empfangssignal für den Fall gleich gerichteter Schwingungsebenen von Polarisator (4) und Analysator (5) gebildet ist. Smoke detector according to Claim 4, characterized in that the numerator of the quotient by the received signal for the case of oscillation planes of the polarizer (4) and analyzer (5) rotated by 90 ° relative to one another and the denominator by the received signal for the case of oscillation planes of the polariser having the same direction ( 4) and analyzer (5) is formed. Rauchmelder nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Wert des Quotienten von deutlich kleiner als Eins als Anzeichen einer durch einen stark reflektierenden Gegenstand verursachten Unterbrechung des Strahlengangs vom Sender (1) über den Retroreflektor (3) zum Empfänger (2), ein Wert des Quotienten von ungefähr gleich Eins als Anzeichen einer durch einen diffus streuenden Gegenstand verursachten Unterbrechung des Strahlengangs, und ein Wert des Quotienten deutlich grösser als Eins als Anzeichen für einen ungestörten Strahlengang interpretiert wird.Smoke detector according to claim 7, characterized in that a value of the quotient of significantly less than one as an indication of an interruption in the beam path caused by a highly reflective object from the transmitter (1) via the retroreflector (3) to the receiver (2), a value of Quotients of approximately equal to one as a sign of an interruption in the beam path caused by a diffusely scattering object, and a value of the quotient significantly greater than one is interpreted as a sign of an undisturbed beam path. Verfahren zum Betrieb des Rauchmelders nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im normalen Betriebszustand der Polarisator (4) so eingestellt ist, dass seine Schwingungsebene zu derjenigen des Analysators (5) senkrecht steht, dass das Empfangssignal mit einem Schwellwert verglichen wird, und dass bei Unterschreiten des genannten Schwellwerts durch das Empfangssignal eine Verknüpfung der Empfangssignale in den beiden Schwingungsebenen zum Zweck der Verifikation des Empfangssignals erfolgt.Method for operating the smoke detector according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, in the normal operating state, the polarizer (4) is set in such a way that its plane of vibration is perpendicular to that of the analyzer (5) in such a way that the received signal is compared with a threshold value , and that if the received signal falls below the threshold value, the received signals are linked in the two vibration levels for the purpose of verifying the received signal.
EP01114103A 2001-06-09 2001-06-09 Linear smoke detector Expired - Lifetime EP1265205B1 (en)

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DE50105124T DE50105124D1 (en) 2001-06-09 2001-06-09 Linear smoke detector
EP01114103A EP1265205B1 (en) 2001-06-09 2001-06-09 Linear smoke detector
AT01114103T ATE287568T1 (en) 2001-06-09 2001-06-09 LINEAR SMOKE DETECTOR

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EP01114103A EP1265205B1 (en) 2001-06-09 2001-06-09 Linear smoke detector

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1443479A1 (en) * 2003-01-29 2004-08-04 Siemens Building Technologies AG Method and device to install a linear smoke detector
WO2021069892A1 (en) * 2019-10-08 2021-04-15 Ffe Limited Improvements in or relating to beam detectors

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0005852A1 (en) * 1978-06-05 1979-12-12 Erwin Sick GmbH Optik-Elektronik Reflection light barrier apparatus capable of recognizing strongly reflecting objects
US5502434A (en) * 1992-05-29 1996-03-26 Hockiki Kabushiki Kaisha Smoke sensor
DE29707066U1 (en) * 1997-04-21 1997-08-14 IMOS Gubela GmbH, 77871 Renchen Microretroflector

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0005852A1 (en) * 1978-06-05 1979-12-12 Erwin Sick GmbH Optik-Elektronik Reflection light barrier apparatus capable of recognizing strongly reflecting objects
US5502434A (en) * 1992-05-29 1996-03-26 Hockiki Kabushiki Kaisha Smoke sensor
DE29707066U1 (en) * 1997-04-21 1997-08-14 IMOS Gubela GmbH, 77871 Renchen Microretroflector

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1443479A1 (en) * 2003-01-29 2004-08-04 Siemens Building Technologies AG Method and device to install a linear smoke detector
WO2021069892A1 (en) * 2019-10-08 2021-04-15 Ffe Limited Improvements in or relating to beam detectors
EP4042396A1 (en) * 2019-10-08 2022-08-17 FFE Limited Improvements in or relating to beam detectors

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ATE287568T1 (en) 2005-02-15
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