EP1261828B1 - Nouveau concept, chauffe-eau rapide a capacite de stockage - Google Patents

Nouveau concept, chauffe-eau rapide a capacite de stockage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1261828B1
EP1261828B1 EP01915301A EP01915301A EP1261828B1 EP 1261828 B1 EP1261828 B1 EP 1261828B1 EP 01915301 A EP01915301 A EP 01915301A EP 01915301 A EP01915301 A EP 01915301A EP 1261828 B1 EP1261828 B1 EP 1261828B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
water
heating
heat exchanger
storage tank
sanitary purposes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP01915301A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1261828A1 (fr
Inventor
Andrea Manini
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Merloni Termosanitari SpA
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Merloni Termosanitari SpA
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Publication of EP1261828A1 publication Critical patent/EP1261828A1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
    • F24D3/08—Hot-water central heating systems in combination with systems for domestic hot-water supply
    • F24D3/082—Hot water storage tanks specially adapted therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/18—Water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/20—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes
    • F24H1/201—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes using electric energy supply
    • F24H1/202—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes using electric energy supply with resistances
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
    • F24D3/08—Hot-water central heating systems in combination with systems for domestic hot-water supply
    • F24D3/087—Tap water heat exchangers specially adapted therefore

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the heating and storage of water to be used for sanitary purposes and apparatus for implementing the said method, the said invention being particularly useful for the production of hot water to be used for sanitary purposes in small quantities such as for household use.
  • An example of such a water storage is given in EP-A-0 870 993.
  • All the water storage heaters have the following features in common: a low level of installed thermal power, a relatively large water reserve and a storage temperature which is much higher than the usage temperature.
  • water storage heaters have the following disadvantages:
  • the instant water heaters generally have the opposite features to the storage heaters: a high level of installed thermal power, no water reserve and heating to the usage temperature.
  • the water In gas water heaters, used for producing hot water for sanitary purposes, the water is generally heated indirectly by the primary heating circuit. If the heating involves storage, the adjustment of the flame power can be an ON-OFF type. Instant heating, on the other hand, is only possible for boilers with a modulating flame, so that the usage temperature t.util remains constant regardless of the flow rate. In fact, the heating is not really instant: the presence of a primary circuit between the flame and the water supply mains can lead to a time of 20-40 seconds for the temperature required to be reached. For the rest, the two alternatives have the same merits and faults as those just described for the water heaters.
  • the aim of this invention is to indicate a method for heating water to be used for sanitary purposes and an apparatus to implement this method so as to eliminate the problems described earlier with regards to both the storage heating apparatus and methods and the instant ones, maintaining the merits of both kinds.
  • the main aim of the present invention is to produce a water storage heater whose mixing factor, as described above, is one.
  • a further aim of the present invention is to obtain an unlimited quantity of water, continuously, from a water storage heater.
  • a still further aim of the present invention is to guarantee an accuracy in the regulation of the temperature of the water dispensed which is at least equal to that of the storage heaters.
  • Figure 1 shows, schematically, a gas boiler for household use fitted with a storage tank for hot water to be used for sanitary purposes.
  • Figure 2 shows, schematically, the aforementioned storage tank in the heating mode with no water being drawn.
  • Figure 3 shows, schematically, the storage tank in figure 2 in the instant heating mode during the hot water dispensing phase.
  • Figure 4 shows, in a perspective view, a part of the boiler in figure 1.
  • Figure 5 shows a lateral section of the storage tank in the previous figure.
  • FIG. 6 shows, schematically, an electric water heater according to the invention.
  • number 1 denotes the heat exchanger between the flame and the primary circuit of the room heating; 2 indicates the burner, 3 the regulator valve for the gas at the point at which it reaches the burner; 4 denotes the primary circuit of the room heating; 5 is the storage tank for water to be used for sanitary purposes, the said tank, in its turn, being divided into two zones: 5a outlet and 5b inlet; 6 indicates the temperature check probe for the stored water; 7 denotes the valve for switching the primary circuit 4 between the room heating function and the heating function for the water to be used for sanitary purposes; 8 indicates the thermostatic mixer for regulating the temperature of the water to be used for sanitary purposes; 9 denotes the collection area within the storage tank 5 for the water to be used for sanitary purposes which will go to the connected devices, 10 indicates the distribution zone within the storage tank 5, for the water for sanitary purposes coming from the main water system; 11 indicates the flow switch which detects when water for sanitary purposes is being drawn from the tank; 12 denotes the circulation pump for the primary circuit 4; 13 indicates
  • MR indicates the delivery flow of the heating circuit
  • RR the return flow of the heating circuit
  • IS denotes the inlet of water from the main water system to the storage tank 5
  • US indicates the outlet of hot water to be used for sanitary purposes from the boiler going towards the connected devices
  • GAS denotes the connection to the gas supply system.
  • FIG. 4 shows only elements that have already been described.
  • FIG. 5 shows only elements that have already been described.
  • FIG. 6 shows, in addition to the elements already described in the previous figures, the section of a heat exchanger 15.1, as an alternative to the exchanger 15.
  • the exchanger 15.1 could be made of a pipes band or a battery of armoured electrical resistors.
  • the storage tank 5 is a 'rucksack' kind, substantially prismatic in shape, and crossed with baffles 13 and 14 whose structural functions are known: the baffle 13 is also an element of the embodiment of the invention being described now.
  • supposing there is a period in which no hot water is drawn using the probe 6 the temperature of the water in the storage tank 5 is checked. If this temperature is less than a pre-set value t.acc, e.g. 70°C, the deviator valve 7 switches its position so that the primary circuit 4 closes through the heat exchanger 15. Then the fluid in the primary circuit 4 enters the heat exchanger 15 through the inlet 16, it runs through the first part 15a, passes over the partial division baffle 13 of the heat exchanger, through the opening 18, through the second part 15b of the exchanger 15 from which it exits thought the outlet 17 to return to the heat exchanger 1. Naturally the heating of the fluid circulating in the primary circuit 4 can be achieved with any known method.
  • t.acc e.g. 70°C
  • the containment sleeve for the secondary fluid i.e. the containment fluid for the water to be used for sanitary purposes
  • the storage tank cover 5 in other words, the water for sanitary purposes must be allowed to circulate freely around all the surfaces of the heat exchanger 15 that are in contact with the primary fluid.
  • the flow switch 11 detects the passing of the water and, consequently, with known methods, ensures that, through the exchanger 15 and according to the methods described above, the primary heating fluid circulates.
  • the exchanger 15 must occupy all the section of the passage from zone 10 to 5.b and from zone 5.a. to 9. This is to prevent part of the water to be used for sanitary purposes by-passing the first and the second part 15.a and 15.b of the exchanger 15 while being drawn.
  • the baffle 13 is designed to force the water for sanitary purposes to run along the whole tank 5 so that there are no stagnant areas in the water in the higher part of the tank, nor air pockets which cannot be removed by the tow of the water in transit.
  • the thermal power of the heat exchanger 15, in its entirety, must be sufficient to guarantee the dispensing of the thermal energy required to ensure the hot water for sanitary purposes reaches the connected devices for an unlimited time and at the maximum usage temperature t.util envisaged, regardless of whether or not there is enough water at the temperature t.acc . in the storage tank.
  • the minimum requisite for the heat exchanger 15 in the embodiment in this invention is that its second part 15.b has enough exchanging power alone to guarantee the water from the main water system which is passing across it during the drawing phases can be heated to a temperature not less than the usage temperature t. util.
  • the exchanger 15 has the thermal power typical of the instant heaters for household use, i.e. at least 10 - 11kW, the natural circulation due to the convective heat exchanges is extremely active, so much so that it causes very little stratification of the water, in other words, the temperature increases very uniformly throughout the whole tank 5.
  • a first advantage is that there is less heat loss than with storage tanks with the same average temperature, but the distribution of the heat loss is less uniform.
  • the mixing factor cannot be lower than 1, i.e.
  • the quantity of water immediately available V.util.eff is equal to V.acc x (t.acc - t.h2o) / (t.util -t.h2o ).
  • the water heater continues to function according to the methods typical of an instant heater, supplying for an unlimited amount of time and at the usage temperature t.util , the flow permitted by the power available.
  • the low level of stratification and the pre-heating of the incoming water ensure the temperature of the outgoing hot water to be used for sanitary purposes is more uniform than in the storage tanks which do not follow the teachings of the present invention. Consequently, it is much easier to keep the temperature of the hot water to be used by the connected devices constant, by means of a thermostatic mixer or, even more so, by manual mixing.
  • the heat exchanger 15 could be composed of a different kind of heat generator than the one described above and the storage tank could also have a more traditional form.
  • the storage tank 5 is formed with two zones 5a (outlet) and 5b (inlet) as well as the first part 15a of the exchanger 15; the first part 15.a is necessary for the heating phase while no water is being drawn, in the particular embodiment of the tank 5 just described it is particularly beneficial when installed in a heating boiler, but otherwise, according to the essence of the present invention, the heater 15 could just as well be composed exclusively of one part, i.e. the part defined in this report as the second part 15.b, while the hot water outlet US from the storage tank 5, as just mentioned, could be positioned above, according to the traditional form illustrated schematically in figure 6.
  • a gas water storage heater with great benefits could be designed with a combustion chamber and a fume shaft positioned horizontally in relation to the lower part of the storage tank 5.
  • the construction methods for the said combustion chamber with the relative shaft are described sufficiently in Italian patents n° 1 182 951 granted on 05.10.1987 and n° 1 178 296 granted on 09.09.1987.
  • Equally advantageous is an electric combined instant - storage water heater with a high power level (at least 10-11kW) in which, with reference to figure 6, there is a band of electrical resistors 15.1 in position with the inlet for the water from the main water system.
  • the implementation of the heating methods according to the present invention in this kind of hot water generator actually eliminates the adjustment difficulties for the outgoing water completely since, as it is clear to any technician in the field, although the regulation of the electrical power supplied remains stepped, the storage tank 5 acts as a thermal stabilizer, enabling the temperature of the outgoing water US to be adjusted easily by means of thermostatic mixer.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
  • Cookers (AREA)
  • Control Of Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)
  • Underground Structures, Protecting, Testing And Restoring Foundations (AREA)
  • Commercial Cooking Devices (AREA)
  • Massaging Devices (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Méthode de réchauffage pour l'eau à utiliser pour des objectifs sanitaires, à emmagasiner dans un réservoir d'accumulation (5) à une température donnée d'accumulation (t.acc) et à distribuer à des dispositifs raccordés à une température donnée d'utilisation (t.util) inférieure à la température d'accumulation (t.acc), comprenant les phases suivantes:
    - en phase d'adduction, toute l'eau en entrée en provenance de l'installation générale de circulation de l'eau est amenée à passer à travers l'échangeur de chaleur (15, 15.b) pour être réchauffée à une température supérieure à celle de l'installation générale de distribution de l'eau (t.H2O); et
    - durant la phase de réchauffage, quand l'eau n'est pas amenée, l'eau à la sortie de l'échangeur de chaleur (1), positionné entre le brûleur (2) et le circuit primaire (4) de l'installation de réchauffage des pièces, est poussée à passer à travers l'échangeur de chaleur (15) positionné à l'intérieur du réservoir d'accumulation (5) puis revient vers le dit échangeur de chaleur (1) après le passage susmentionné; ce passage de l'eau du circuit primaire (4) à travers l'échangeur de chaleur (15) en réchauffant la masse d'eau contenue dans le réservoir d'accumulation par l'intermédiaire de mouvements convectifs, caractérisé par le fait que t'échangeur de chaleur (15, 15.b) fournit à l'eau une quantité d'énergie telle à réchauffer tout le flux nécessaire pour obtenir une température supérieure ou égale à celle de la température d'utilisation (t.util).
  2. Méthode de réchauffage pour l'eau à utiliser pour des objectifs sanitaires suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que, en phase d'adduction de l'eau, une quantité supplémentaire d'énergie est fournie à l'eau par le réservoir d'accumulation (5) par l'intermédiaire de l'échangeur de chaleur (15, 15.b).
  3. Méthode de réchauffage pour l'eau à utiliser pour des objectifs sanitaires suivant les revendications précédentes 1 et 2, caractérisée par le fait qu'avant d'être envoyée vers les dispositifs raccordés, l'eau est mélangée à la température d'utilisation (t.util) avec des moyens adéquats automatiques (8).
  4. Équipement de réchauffage pour l'eau à utiliser pour des objectifs sanitaires comprenant:
    - un réservoir d'accumulation (5) doté d'une entrée pour l'eau en provenance de l'installation générale de distribution de l'eau (IS);
    - un échangeur de chaleur (15) positionné au-dessus de la zone de distribution (10), le dit échangeur de chaleur étant destiné à être traversé par l'eau en entrée dans le réservoir d'accumulation (5) à travers une entrée (IS) dans le but d'atteindre une sortie (US) quand l'eau est amenée, caractérisée par le fait qu'un déflecteur (13) est positionné verticalement sur le dit échangeur de chaleur, le dit déflecteur subdivisant partiellement le réservoir d'accumulation (5) respectivement dans une première et une seconde zone (5a et 5b), les dites zones étant positionnées au-dessus de l'échangeur de chaleur (15, 15.a, 15.b); le déflecteur (13) étant en mesure de faciliter le passage de l'eau sanitaire dans le réservoir entier d'accumulation de manière à ce que qu'il ne subsiste aucune zone stagnante ni aucune poche d'air dans l'eau dans la partie supérieure du réservoir.
  5. Équipement de réchauffage pour l'eau à utiliser pour des objectifs sanitaires suivant la revendication précédente, caractérisé par le fait de comprendre également:
    - une soi-disant première zone (5.a) positionnée au-dessus de l'échangeur (15, 15.a),
    - un échanger de chaleur (15, 15.a) positionné sous la dite zone (5.a),
    - une zone de récupération pour l'eau (9) positionnée sous le dit échangeur (15, 15.a), le dit échangeur de chaleur (15, 15.a) étant conformé de manière à pousser l'eau en sortie, en phase d'adduction, à passer à travers ce dernier avant d'atteindre la sortie (US),
    - en dernier, le déflecteur (13) qui subdivise le réservoir d'accumulation (5) dans les soi-disant première et deuxième zone (5.a, 5.b), les dites zones étant conformées de manière à pousser l'eau, en phase d'adduction, à circuler dans la partie supérieure du réservoir d'accumulation (5).
  6. Équipement de réchauffage pour l'eau à utiliser pour des objectifs sanitaires suivant la revendication précédente, caractérisée par le fait qu'aussi bien l'entrée (IS) que la sortie (US) pour l'eau à utiliser pour des objectifs sanitaires sont positionnées dans la partie inférieure du réservoir (5).
  7. Équipement de réchauffage pour l'eau à utiliser pour des objectifs sanitaires suivant les revendications de 4 à 6, caractérisée par le fait que
    - le dit échangeur de chaleur (15, 15.a, 15.b) est composé d'un corps chauffant à travers lequel passe un fluide de réchauffage primaire,
    - on a prévu des moyens (4, 7, 16, 18, 17, 12) qui permettent au dit liquide primaire de circuler à l'intérieur du dit échangeur (15, 15.a, 15.b).
  8. Équipement de réchauffage pour l'eau à utiliser pour des objectifs sanitaires suivant les revendications de 4 à 7, caractérisé par le fait qu'on a prévu des moyens de contrôle (6, 12) destinés à décider quelle énergie thermique fournir à l'eau pour des objectifs sanitaires durant les phases de réchauffage, en phase d'adduction ou non.
  9. Équipement de réchauffage pour l'eau à utiliser pour des objectifs sanitaires suivant le revendications de 4 à 8, caractérisée par le fait de prévoir des moyens (8) pour le mélange automatique de l'eau pour des objectifs sanitaires avec de l'eau en provenance de l'installation générale de distribution de l'eau, avant qu'elle ne soit envoyée vers les dispositifs raccordés.
  10. Équipement de réchauffage pour l'eau à utiliser pour des objectifs sanitaires suivant le revendications de 4 à 9, caractérisée par le fait que le réservoir d'accumulation (5) est de forme principalement prismatique et qu'on a prévu des déflecteurs (13, 14) qui présentent la double fonction de renforcer la structure et de guider le flux d'eau.
  11. Chaudière pour le réchauffage de pièces avec la production d'eau chaude à utiliser pour des objectifs sanitaires suivant la revendication précédente, caractérisée par le fait de prévoir les équipements suivant les revendications de 4 à 10.
  12. Chauffe-eau à accumulation à gaz suivant la revendication précédente, caractérisé par le fait de prévoir les équipements suivant les revendications de 4 à 10.
  13. Chauffe-eau à accumulation à gaz suivant la revendication 12, caractérisé par le fait que l'échangeur de chaleur (15, 15.a, 15.b) est composé d'une chambre de combustion et d'un conduit pour les fumées positionné principalement à l'horizontale.
  14. Chauffe-eau à accumulation électrique caractérisé par le fait de prévoir les équipements suivant le revendications de 4 à 910 où l'échangeur de chaleur (15.1) est composé d'un faisceau de résistances électriques.
EP01915301A 2000-03-03 2001-02-28 Nouveau concept, chauffe-eau rapide a capacite de stockage Expired - Lifetime EP1261828B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT2000AN000006A IT1316723B1 (it) 2000-03-03 2000-03-03 Produttore di acqua calda ad accumulo a riscaldamento rapido di nuovaconcezione
ITAN000006 2000-03-03
PCT/EP2001/002225 WO2001065186A1 (fr) 2000-03-03 2001-02-28 Nouveau concept, chauffe-eau rapide a capacite de stockage

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1261828A1 EP1261828A1 (fr) 2002-12-04
EP1261828B1 true EP1261828B1 (fr) 2006-01-04

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ID=11437199

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01915301A Expired - Lifetime EP1261828B1 (fr) 2000-03-03 2001-02-28 Nouveau concept, chauffe-eau rapide a capacite de stockage

Country Status (10)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1261828B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE315208T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2001242438A1 (fr)
CZ (1) CZ20022816A3 (fr)
DE (1) DE60116473T2 (fr)
ES (1) ES2256218T3 (fr)
HU (1) HUP0301079A2 (fr)
IT (1) IT1316723B1 (fr)
PL (1) PL365117A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2001065186A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2464620C2 (ru) * 2007-08-01 2012-10-20 Аристон Термо С.П.А. Термостатический смеситель для емкостного водонагревателя, способ установки термостатического смесителя и емкостный водонагреватель, снабженный термостатическим смесителем
TWI557383B (zh) * 2014-09-02 2016-11-11 Grand Mate Co Ltd Water heater and its secondary heat exchanger

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
PT2319152E (pt) 2008-07-30 2014-05-19 Emidio Emilio Delli Compagni Uma instalação de alimentação elétrica de baixa potência preferencialmente monofásica para edifícios de utilização residencial e não residencial
CN104180425B (zh) * 2014-07-30 2017-08-11 成都前锋电子有限责任公司 一种家用双能源大功率中央热暖炉

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL8602495A (nl) * 1986-10-03 1988-05-02 Heel Joannes Marie Van Inrichting voor het verwarmen van water.
EP0870993A1 (fr) * 1997-04-10 1998-10-14 Metaal Vries B.V. Accumulateur d'eau chaude
NL1009669C2 (nl) * 1998-07-16 2000-01-18 Fasto Nefit Bv Inrichting voor het verwarmen van sanitairwater.
FR2789158B1 (fr) * 1999-02-02 2001-05-25 Chaffoteaux Et Maury Perfectionnement aux appareils generateurs d'eau chaude sanitaire et d'eau de chauffage central

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2464620C2 (ru) * 2007-08-01 2012-10-20 Аристон Термо С.П.А. Термостатический смеситель для емкостного водонагревателя, способ установки термостатического смесителя и емкостный водонагреватель, снабженный термостатическим смесителем
TWI557383B (zh) * 2014-09-02 2016-11-11 Grand Mate Co Ltd Water heater and its secondary heat exchanger

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ITAN20000006A0 (it) 2000-03-03
ITAN20000006A1 (it) 2001-09-03
ATE315208T1 (de) 2006-02-15
ES2256218T3 (es) 2006-07-16
PL365117A1 (en) 2004-12-27
IT1316723B1 (it) 2003-05-12
DE60116473D1 (de) 2006-03-30
WO2001065186A1 (fr) 2001-09-07
CZ20022816A3 (cs) 2003-02-12
DE60116473T2 (de) 2006-09-28
HUP0301079A2 (en) 2003-08-28
EP1261828A1 (fr) 2002-12-04
AU2001242438A1 (en) 2001-09-12

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