EP1252393A1

EP1252393A1 - Drainage system

Info

Publication number: EP1252393A1
Application number: EP01913561A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Paul Lingen
Original assignee: Theelen Jorg
Current assignee: Theelen Jorg
Priority date: 2000-02-05
Filing date: 2001-02-02
Publication date: 2002-10-30
Anticipated expiration: 2021-02-02
Also published as: AU2001239152A1; ATE330072T1; EP1252393B1; WO2001057317A1; DE50110152D1

Abstract

The invention concerns a drainage system (10) using a rainwater store for collecting and storing water (57) introduced into the rainwater store having a drainage capacity that depends on the water absorbing capacity of the surrounding soils. According to the invention, the water collecting, storing and diverting store preferably consists of ballast material that has plenty of hollow space, is high bearing and suitable for traffic areas.

Description

Drainage system

The invention relates to a system for water infiltration of rainwater and cleaned, infiltration-compatible industrial water, by means of absorption, intermediate storage and reduced and time-delayed delivery of the water introduced into the water infiltration system, which is to be used in the municipal, commercial, industrial and private sectors.

PCT / DE97 / 02621 discloses a multi-layer floor area for receiving, temporarily storing and reducing the amount of time that water is discharged into the floor area, the water being drained and throttled above a water-impermeable base seal in a granulate with a high proportion of pores.

From US 4,878,780 a multi-layer floor area is known which can be used for the uniform irrigation of tennis courts and agricultural use.

From GB 2 294 077 A a paving system with water-permeable paving stones is known, with which leaked pollutants can be absorbed and biodegraded within a liquid-tight substructure, in the street body.

For several years, rain infiltration systems in the form of trenches made of filter gravel have been state of the art, which are usually arranged below a water-purifying infiltration trough (trough drain). In the case of poorly seeping soils, these trenches have the task of temporarily absorbing the water that has seeped into the filter gravel of the trench through the infiltration trough and releasing it to the soil in accordance with the reduced absorption capacity of the surrounding soil. In addition, pipe trenches made of filter gravel and a drainage pipe arranged therein have been part of the prior art for several years. These differ from trenches or trough trenches in that water can be introduced into the water-storing filter pebble body directly via a drainage pipe arranged in the filter gravel body, regardless of an infiltration trough (trough / pipe trench) arranged above it. If the storage body made of filter gravel is not sufficient for temporary storage, the drainage pipe has the additional task of transferring excess water to other pipe trenches or other drainage systems, e.g. B. forward channel or rainwater retention basin.

Due to its low load-bearing capacity, the filter gravel usually used does not allow the trenches to be used below traffic areas or buildings. The preferred installation areas for trenches are therefore in residential drainage z. B. below lawns, or in traffic area drainage directly next to the traffic area or, in rare cases, so deep under the base course of traffic areas that are lightly loaded that the load distribution for the trench appears to be acceptable.

In order to be able to accommodate the necessary filter gravel for intermediate water storage, a considerable amount of building land is required in addition to the traffic areas, which is attempted to counteract this with a square or rectangular, and therefore cubic, cross-section of the trench, which penetrates as far as possible. However, this inevitably entails considerable soil excavation.

In order to be able to position the trench as space-saving as possible, a greater construction depth is required, which is usually not possible in areas with groundwater levels close to the surface. The high groundwater level is then often the reason why rainwater is drained back into the expensive canal. Furthermore, the mostly cubic shape of a trench due to the installation environment causes a correspondingly large storage space for intermediate water storage of the rainwater that accumulates, since due to the cubic body, there is only a small amount of adjacent floor space available for the infiltration of the rainwater.

The invention has for its object to provide a rain and process water infiltration system for municipal, industrial, commercial and private applications by means of water absorption integrated in the system, its temporary storage and reduced and temporally extended delivery of the water introduced into the system that use within the traffic areas - Enables construction or under buildings and also allows infiltration of the resulting rainwater as far as possible even with hardly seepable soils.

In order to implement the infiltration system according to the invention, two points are of primary importance.

First of all, a material is required for the absorption, intermediate storage and drainage of the rainwater, which has as high a pore content as possible for the absorption and intermediate storage of the rainwater and which can also permanently absorb the required loads from the expected traffic or the building superstructure. Secondly, if necessary, the infiltration area must be enlarged to such an extent that complete or extensive rainwater infiltration can be achieved even in very poor soil conditions.

Both of the above-mentioned primary conditions specific to the invention are not met by the infiltration systems known today.

In order to be able to fulfill this task, the subject matter of the invention consists, among other things, of a ballast material that ensures the highest possible proportion of pores under a given load. Due to its secured long-term load and dimensional stability, this water-storing gravel material according to the invention can be used under all surfaces, such as, for. B. streets, parking lots, storage areas, sports facilities, gardens and buildings etc. can be used.

In order to implement infiltration areas that are as large and inexpensive as possible, it is sensible to install the cavity-rich, water-storing and water-conducting or water-distributing ballast as flat and close to the surface as possible. A flat, large-scale installation increases the infiltration area to such an extent that even a smaller storage body than with trenches is sufficient to ensure complete rain or process water infiltration.

In particular due to the special gravel grain composition, these conditions according to the invention are fully met.

Various types of ballast are known from the relevant regulations for road construction and are described in their physical properties such as load-bearing behavior, grain gradation (sieve line), etc., which, however, cannot fulfill the task related to the invention.

Accordingly, the specific ballast materials to be used in traffic area construction and derived therefrom, which can also be used in building superstructure, are of particular importance for the infiltration system according to the invention. In principle, the proportion of pores in the storage jacket should be selected to be as large as possible depending on the prescribed load on the surface.

These special types of ballast are based on the task of creating water reservoirs for traffic areas such as roads in particular, but also for squares and all types of property fortifications (including under buildings), which, given the area loads, depend on the The strength of the ballast-forming material has an increased or as high as possible pore fraction in order to be able to absorb, store and derive rainwater or process water from this pore fraction.

Contrary to the dogmatic view that has prevailed in German road construction for many years that rainwater should be drained away from the roads as quickly as possible, in order to prevent frost damage caused by water penetrating the base layers, or to prevent redistribution of grain in the base layer and similar negative events, are to be found in the invention Infiltration, to create gravel types that can be used for road construction and for comparable applications, which, due to their pores or voids between the gravel grains, form a liquid reservoir that can be used under all weather influences to absorb rainwater or industrial water.

According to the base materials on which the ballast is based, e.g. B. various slags, sandstone, limestone, greywacke, basalt, granite, demolition recycling, etc., result from the different rock properties (especially the strength values are decisive here) for the ballast according to the invention different grain compositions (sieve lines) resulting from the different grain diameters (Gravel rock of a diameter range) and their respective share in the total grain mixture (ready-to-install gravel) result and, depending on this, result in different pore proportions (cavity between the individual rock grains forming the gravel).

In addition to the physical properties, the shape of the crushed stone plays an important role.

Rounded rock such as B. The gravel used in trenches cannot form a bond with one another, since the smooth stone surfaces do not get caught and can therefore slide against one another under load, which forbids installation under paved surfaces.

This can also be observed to a lesser extent with broken rock of the same grain diameter, since the lack of a supporting grain of smaller diameter means that there are only a few contact points or anchoring points (gussets) between the grains that can break away when subjected to the appropriate load and therefore do not result in a secure bond , or this viable composite composite only sets up after the fragmentation into smaller and thus incomprehensible particle size distributions with an inevitably lower pore fraction, which also leads to the known ruts due to the loss of voids on roads.

The shape of the broken rock also has a significant influence on the proportion of pores. There are a number of quarries whose rocks break into flat, disc-shaped grains when broken due to the geological conditions. B is known from slate. Despite their possibly good mechanical properties, these rocks cannot be realized with such a high proportion of pores as is possible with rocks of other quarries that do not break flat.

Taking these experiences into account, crushed crushed stone has been used for many decades, the sieve line of which ranges from very small grains of a few thousandths of a millimeter to grains common today of around forty-five millimeters or occasionally larger.

With these grain-graded, low-pore gravel types, which are generally made of broken stone or slag, good compactibility and the associated intensive clinging at the contact points (gusset) are ensured due to the small grain content.

In principle, it can be stated that the load-bearing capacity of the ballast material has to be increased with each additional contact point (gusset). In this way, significantly more gussets are made possible with grain-graded ballast materials than with a grain of the same grain diameter.

Grain gradations that have as many contact points as possible between the individual, differently sized and enable the mixed gravel stones and thereby completely dispense with capillary-acting coma parts. In addition, the ballast must ensure that the storage body formed therewith flows properly and with as little resistance as possible.

In order to accomplish this task for the storage body according to the invention and the grain scaffolds arising from the mutually supporting gravel grains, gravel grains should therefore be used which only start with a diameter of several millimeters.

In order to be able to produce an optimally coordinated pore-rich ballast, the following procedure is required: - Determining the load-bearing capacity of the ballast to be used (traffic load).

Determination of the rock parameters from which the ballast is to be formed.

Determination of a kömungsbereich taking into account the installation circumstances.

Determination of the pore-optimized sieve line if possible.

If one of the aforementioned parameters is changed, at least one other of the aforementioned parameters must be changed in order to ensure an optimally pore-rich ballast.

It is sensible to adapt the ballast generally over the grain size range and the sieve line arranged between the smallest and the largest grain, since the load capacity is mostly an unchangeable external specification and the rock values are unchangeably specified by the ballast base material of the nearest quarry or other gravel source.

In the case of conventional, low-pore gravel materials, it is disadvantageous that, in the case of grain-graded material, the cavities, depending on the gravel material (soft sandstone or shell limestone can break when compacted) and / or gravel granulate composition (there are impermissibly large amounts of small grains), in part or even entirely with loose rock or Rock dust are filled and thus no precisely traceable and thus usable cavity remains in the base layer in the sense of the ballast according to the invention.

As practice shows, this can subsequently lead to damage, since the ballast commonly used today due to excessive compaction or too large a fraction of small grains cannot be ruled out that water is drawn into the base layer via capillary forces when the raw soil is moist, and this in the case of frost can cause severe damage.

In order to counter the aforementioned disadvantage, it is important to minimize the small part as much as possible, which is also fulfilled by the pore-rich gravel due to the inventive task.

This leads to a very safe frost behavior of the ballast caused by the invention, since after the controlled water inlet and outlet, no frost-damaging capillary water remains in the ballast.

Possibly freezing up residual moisture can push their frost-related volume increase unhindered into the free pore space between the gravel grains, so that the volume increase cannot lead to frost breakup of the base layer, as is to be expected with conventional ballast materials.

If the ballast due to the invention is used as a retention space for rainwater, the dwell time of the water in the ballast base layer must be taken into account in the frost-related considerations, since a retention space without at least a restricted flow can also cause frost to break out if the retained water freezes from above and compensates for the volume is accordingly no longer possible in remaining cavities. However, this can only happen if there are massive closures in the water-infiltrating soil layers, which absolutely no longer allow the release of temporarily stored water, which can therefore be regarded as a highly speculative and unrealistic scenario. To further increase the load-bearing capacity, the grain structure can be reinforced using binders such as cement, bitumen, adhesive or the like.

This can be done in such a way that the binder is mixed into the pore-rich ballast before installation or after installation is applied evenly to the ballast in liquid form in accordance with the installation thickness of the ballast so that it can then distribute itself around the ballast grains.

This achieves additional stabilization of the contact points (gusset), which will represent the primary concentration points for a liquid binder due to their mutual contact and the surface tension or short distance between the individual gravel grains.

After the binder has hardened, the gusset is artificially widened in this way and its pressure load can be subjected to a higher load in accordance with the strength values of the binder, and the gravel grains are additionally connected to one another in a manner that prevents dislocation.

The open-pore structure of the ballast according to the invention also leads to the likewise important ability of the water to be introduced and discharged into and out of the ballast.

The ballast according to the invention can also be used ideally for infiltration systems such as trenches, pipe trenches and the like, since in combination it can directly fulfill the task of the base course according to the invention and can thus contribute to considerable savings in the production of infiltration systems.

So the invention-related gravel in areas with z. B. very infiltrating soil conditions such. B. be a trough and below a traffic area, the rainwater accumulation, z. B. by means of a drainage system, absorb, distribute and infiltrate towards the subsoil as a new embodiment of a trench or pipe trench that can withstand high surface loads. The necessary civil engineering work and the need for building land can thus be significantly reduced, since the infiltration would be integrated into the already area-intensive traffic area structure (e.g. streets, paths, squares, storage areas, carport, garages, terraces, under buildings, etc.), which accordingly, nature-identical, large infiltration areas possible. Advantageously, the ballast should be installed as flat and broad as possible to prevent unnecessary excavation to create the largest possible infiltration. When using the embodiment described above, there are only little or no sealed surfaces left. The natural rainwater infiltration remains almost unchanged.

The material of the storage jacket will, in accordance with the previous explanations, in most applications in the course of road construction measures be crushed stone, fine split, broken gravel or another bulk material.

The installation as close as possible to the surface also has the further important advantage that the prescribed groundwater distance can be maintained even with high groundwater levels.

The road or square structure and its road surface can be designed as desired in all of the infiltration systems according to the invention, since the infiltration system according to the invention, depending on the infiltration possibilities of the soil in question, as a rule only requires a smaller amount of space, as it does for the planned traffic areas is provided anyway. It goes without saying that the small amount of space and installation effort required for the subject matter of the invention also permit subsequent, problem-free installation in existing traffic areas. Subsequent installation is particularly recommended when refurbishing base courses, as ramshackle rainwater canals can also be replaced in one operation.

In most applications, it will not be sufficient to only install the ballast storage in order to achieve a quick and even rain or process water distribution. Rather, it will be the rule that there is a combination of the ballast storage with a drainage pipe (remotely comparable to a pipe trench) or drainage pipe system. The drainage pipes can within z. B. consist of several connected, largely parallel drainage pipes, ring lines or a central pipe with one- or two-sided drainage pipe branch.

In the case of tubular trenches, the drainage pipes are usually arranged somewhat above the trench bottom in the filter gravel. In the infiltration system according to the invention, it is advantageous if the drainage pipes are placed directly on the geotextile on the ground and then completely covered over with the storable ballast. Due to the deep arrangement in the pipe trench, it is ensured that if the sediments are flushed out, the deepest storage ballast areas can also be covered by the cleaning. Such cleaning is not possible with the known tubular trenches.

Furthermore, a planum optimally prepared for the introduction of water by means of flow technology simplifies the simple and precise laying of the drainage pipes, which can only be achieved to a limited extent with pipe trenches, since the drainage pipes of a pipe trench applied to the hardly compressible layers of filter gravel can only be laid straight to a limited extent.

When installing in descending or ascending terrain, the infiltration system must be created from several submerged infiltration areas, which can also be interconnected, due to the horizontal distribution of the discharged water. As a rule, it will be sufficient for a partial area composite to connect the drainage pipes or drainage pipe systems by means of at least one overflow and / or throttle shaft. If the soil infiltration values are extremely poor, an emergency overflow into downstream systems such as e.g. B. rainwater retention basins, storage canals, canals, ditches, streams and rivers, etc. are unavoidable. The combination of a small drainage pipe and surrounding storage body made of void-rich material can also have a positive influence on the water distribution within the infiltration system.

Depending on the incline situation, it will often suffice to use only very small drainage pipe diameters or, if necessary, no drainage pipe in sections, since the largest or entire discharge volume can move throttled through the open-pore storage body.

In the case of ballast in particular, it should be noted that the water flowing through does not cause a negative redistribution of grain within the storage jacket. If this is to be expected, the storage jacket material can be secured against grain redistribution with a binding agent that binds the grains together.

If the drainage pipes are installed directly underneath the traffic areas, it is imperative to observe the prescribed overlap above the drainage pipes and the sewer pipes required for water inlet and drainage as well as any necessary connection of the drainage pipes to one another to prevent damage to the drainage or sewer pipes. This usually results in an installation depth of the pipes that lies below the planned green level of the traffic area structure.

Regardless of this, it is not necessary to bring the rough planum to the same level as the drainage tube sole. Rather, it makes a lot of sense, but despite this, it is not absolutely necessary for the subject matter of the invention to dig only small pipe trenches from the raw planum to the pipe base specified in terms of flow. If only a small amount of water is introduced into the drainage pipes, the storage body in this small pipe trench, including the drainage pipe and ballast storage, is sufficient for the intermediate storage and infiltration of the water. If the amount of water increases, the water level inside the pipe trench rises until it passes beyond its upper edge and continues to flow into the ballast reservoir according to the invention, which forms the supporting layer of the traffic area, in order to be temporarily stored there and to be seeped away over a large area over the raw subgrade. If the inflow of water diminishes, the raw planum is first drained by infiltration through the raw planum and only at the end the somewhat deeper pipe trenches. Of course, the infiltration system, drainage pipe and ballast storage can also be placed on an almost equally high ground level if this seems sensible to fulfill the infiltration and load absorption. This can e.g. This can be the case under buildings, for example, since the drainage pipes arranged underneath a floor slab made of proven concrete are generally not exposed to impermissible loads.

The abovementioned combination possibilities enable the user of the invention to form an infiltration system that can be individually adapted to the respective terrain and planning conditions in the slope as well as in the transverse and longitudinal profile in each area.

So z. B. in flat terrain areas, the cross profile widened to the full usable terrain width and adjusted in depth to the lowest position of the supply or discharge in order to realize the largest possible buffer volume in a small space.

In recent years, the calculation and dimensioning of drainage systems has also been continuously improved due to more precise knowledge of the quantity and timing of rain events and the increasing use of complex computer programs, including for infiltration systems.

Corresponding computer programs in particular enable the user of the invention to plan and manufacture an infiltration system according to the invention which is to be adapted precisely to the expected rain events as well as to the soil parameters and the space-related installation requirements. The computer programs allow an exact determination of the size or storage volume of the required ballast storage depending on the infiltration area resulting from the soil values.

In other words, if good seepage performance can be achieved in the soil, a small ballast tank is sufficient. If the infiltration values are low, the ballast storage and the infiltration area must be increased accordingly. There is thus a correlation between the amount of water that has to be stored temporarily and the infiltration capacity of the soil and possibly other drainage devices.

If trough infiltration is required due to water purification, the object of the invention can generally be dispensed with if the infiltration values of the soil underneath the trough are better than that of the busy soil zone of the trough. However, this is very rarely the case.

The storage body is to be protected against dirt penetrating from outside, which would restrict the storage volume, with a covering or layer of preferably pressure- and filter-stable geotextiles or materials that can perform this task equally well.

If the soil surrounding the ballast storage is to be assessed as not contaminating itself (e.g. rocky, percolating rock), it is not necessary to cover the storage jacket in these areas. In addition, a water-permeable trickle protection separating the surrounding gravel, crushed stone or paving bed of the traffic area will suffice to cover the upper part of the ballast storage in order to prevent the penetration of fine-grained gravel, paving bed or ballast parts or grain redistribution within the base layer formed from the ballast storage , This trickle protection can be a different geotextile than the geotextile to be provided between the green sheet or frost protection layer or normal ballast and the storage ballast.

A water-impermeable separating layer should be provided in the edge area of the infiltration system, or of infiltration sub-areas, where a lateral discharge of the temporarily stored water is rated as critical, in order to protect adjacent layers of normal ballast or uncontrolled outflow of rain or process water into lower-lying infiltration sub-areas. So that it is ensured that the infiltration or water discharge can only take place vertically through the rough subgrade. For this purpose and to protect against dirt entering from outside, which would limit the storage volume and to hold the water in the infiltration system, the edge area can be provided with a separating layer made of preferably foils or fabric sheets with sealing compounds (bentonite sheets) or materials that perform this task equally well can such. B. sprayed bituminous, mineral or plastic layers, concrete, sheet metal, adjacent, waterproof floor layers or the like.

These were just a few examples of many where there can be sensible combinations of several wrapping materials.

The cladding materials of the ballast store create yet another advantage. If the construction project on cohesive soils such. B. Loam erected, a geotextile supports the dimensional stability of the cohesive subsoil to a considerable extent and thus secures traffic areas or building foundations against subsequent subsidence. Geotextiles also prevent the penetration of layers of soil that have been wet due to frost due to frost due to frost-prone subsoil, so that a high safety reserve is made possible in frost prevention.

The water flowing into the water pipe can come from all possible systems.

When dewatering houses on their own property, it comes from the downpipes and gutters as well as yard drains.

In commercial, industrial or municipal areas of application, the infiltration of purified, no longer required service water can make sense for normal rainwater drainage. This area of application can also be extended to sewage treatment plants that cannot feed their cleaned rainwater directly to a river.

At z. B. streets and squares it is usually passed on from street gullies with preferably built-in sludge trap via connecting pipes (sewer pipes) to the infiltration system according to the invention.

In the street itself, adjacent buildings that do not drain on their property give the house connections their roof and floor space water to the infiltration system.

But canals, drainage ditches and infiltration systems can also be done with the line, e.g. B. in the event of overcrowding in the area of the emergency drain.

In principle, however, it should always be ensured that water that is as dirty and sediment-free as possible is fed into the ballast storage so that the storage space is not reduced in the long term by deposits. In addition to the generally sufficient sludge traps, this can also be achieved by all types of filters in the form of filter inserts or cartridges or specific systems in the inflow of the ballast storage. Should, unexpectedly, considerable sediment entries occur, they can be washed out of the ballast reservoir without problems using the techniques known today, provided that the infiltration system according to the invention is designed appropriately. The same applies to the introduction of water-polluting substances.

Under very extreme climatic conditions it can make sense to provide the drainage pipe and in particular the ballast storage with a heating system that guarantees a secure storage function during the freeze-thaw change. These heating systems can e.g. B. can be integrated as electrical, hot water or hot air lines in the infiltration system or operated externally via the drainage pipe with blown warm air.

Preventive protection against freeze-thaw changes for the percolation system according to the invention which are installed within the area at risk of frost can also be achieved in that Devices are installed in the area of the inlet which close the line in the event of frost in order to prevent the inflow of water into the ballast tank, which may be at risk of frost. The disadvantage, however, would be that in this case the water (usually only the relatively small amounts of condensation) would run off above ground, which is not very welcome by the municipalities. However, this problem generally affects all infiltration systems, in particular those that are supposed to release their rain or condensation water to the subsoil via open trough systems and is not specific to this invention.

From an installation depth to be determined depending on the location, there is no longer a risk of frost.

However, the infiltration system according to the invention also fulfills its positive purpose in ecological water treatment, since the open-pore ballast storage forms an excellent space for the settlement of pollutant-consuming microorganisms.

In the case of strong pollutant inputs, the possibility of microorganism cleaning can be further intensified if pollutant-specific microorganisms are supplied to the infiltration system via the drainage pipe or pipe system and additionally supplied with fresh air blown in.

Depending on the ballast layer thickness, the temperature gradient in the ballast layer itself ensures a low convection flow of air between the ballast grains, which can support a well-functioning micro-organic cleaning.

Of course, all other mechanical (vacuuming, rinsing, etc.) and chemical (binder addition, neutralization, etc.) cleaning processes can also be used, taking into account the floor loads that may arise.

In particular, physical processes with appropriately conditioned minerals or plants (e.g. Plocher, Grander systems etc.) and / or the previously described biological systems based on microorganisms have proven to be very environmentally friendly in cleaning and the quality of the infiltrating water has been shown to have a very positive influence.

In addition, the contaminated infiltration section can be closed when a damage occurs and can be excluded from the infiltration network for the time of cleaning, so that the damage is limited to a small area.

If the section contaminated with pollutants cannot be separated from the infiltration network, the drainage pipe or the drainage pipes within the loaded ballast store can be equipped with an inlay hose to seal the drainage openings until the surrounding ballast store has been restored to a harmless state.

Several embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings. they show

1 shows a cross section through a paved traffic area with adjacent trough infiltration

Fig. 2 shows a cross section through a paved traffic area with adjacent trough / pipe infiltration

3 shows a cross section through a paved traffic area with a single-pipe area infiltration

4 shows a longitudinal section through a paved traffic area with a cascade-shaped area infiltration system

Fig. 5 is a grain structure from a void-rich gravel with a graded screen line

Fig. 6 provide the ballast from Fig. 5 with a load-bearing binder

The infiltration system (10) shown in Figure 1 consists of a water-cleaning trough (34), in the passage of which the water is largely freed of pollutants. Below this is the primary infiltration area (36) of the infiltration system (10), which had to be designed very flat due to the high groundwater level.

Since the existing soil conditions (35) are also classified as poorly infiltrating (e.g. kf value <8 x 10 E-6), secured infiltration can only be achieved by means of expanded retention (37) and larger infiltration areas (20).

Accordingly, the infiltration system (10) is expanded with an additional ballast reservoir (37) lying on the raw planum (44) directly below the conventional ballast base layer (24). The flat ballast storage structure (36, 37) requires a correspondingly large base area (20) on the formation (44), which is used for additional infiltration (37) in heavy rainfall, so that there is no need to drain rainwater into downstream drainage systems.

The watertight side separating layers (38) made of bentonite sheets attached on both sides prevent rainwater from penetrating into the conventional road structure even in heavy rain events (24, 29).

The overlaps (17) of the separating layers (38) are to be designed so far that, due to the hydraulic pressure arising in the infiltration system (10), there are no underflows and the associated unwanted water outflows.

FIG. 2 shows an infiltration system (10) comparable to FIG. 1, in which the infiltration possibilities of the existing soil (35) are assumed to be even worse than in FIG. 1.

A drainage pipe (13) is installed directly under the trough (34) inside the ballast reservoir (36,37) to pass on water that cannot seep in due to the soil conditions. Before the infiltration system (10) is flooded, the excess rainwater is sent to a downstream drainage system ( e.g. a channel). Since the drainage pipe (13) was arranged below a trough (34), which must not be driven on due to its infiltration function, the minimum overlap between the drainage pipe apex of the drainage pipe (13) and the trough surface did not have to be observed. Accordingly, the raw planum production (44) of the primary infiltration space (36), which also serves as drainage pipe bedding (43), could be arranged so high that the prescribed groundwater distance between the raw planum (44) of the infiltration system (10) and the maximum groundwater level was maintained could be.

In a further embodiment of FIG. 2, the drainage pipe (13) can be dispensed with if the extended infiltration area (37) is extended so far below the road body (24, 29) that an overflow for excess rainwater that may be generated is superfluous via the additionally obtained infiltration area becomes.

FIG. 3 shows in its street cross section a direct discharge of street wastewater and house drainage (47) (not shown), without a water-cleaning trough passage, via a street-accompanying trough channel (40) and correspondingly arranged processes (26) (not shown) and discharges (51 ) (not shown) on a drainage pipe (13) that was installed in a pipe trench (42) with a sufficient depth to create the required covering height. Due to the higher pressure load on the drainage pipe (13) due to the volume of traffic, it was laid in accordance with regulations on a pipe bedding (43) made of sand. In this example, the pipe trench (42) only forms a small proportion of the ballast storage and the infiltration area (20). As a result, when the rain sets in, the ballast reservoir in the pipe trench (42) is filled very soon and the rainwater then distributes itself to the right and left depending on the slope situation when it reaches the top of the pipe trench, thereby increasing the infiltration area (20) and reaching the watertight one Separating layers (38) continue to rise over a large area in the ballast store (14).

The drainage pipe (13) which introduces and distributes rainwater is connected at its deep end to an overflow (27) into a subsequent drainage system (not shown) for the discharge (50) of rainwater amounts not provided.

FIG. 4 shows a longitudinal section through two seepage subareas (12) arranged in a cascade arrangement below a road (21) with a steep longitudinal gradient.

Due to the different amounts of water that the respective sub-areas (12) have to seep away, their length is similar, but otherwise very different from the storage body structure (14). The infiltration partial surface (12) arranged above on the left in FIG. 4 draws its rainwater via a drain with wet sludge trap (26), from where the water after sediment separation via a sewer pipe (50) as a feed line (51) in the drainage pipe (13) the infiltration partial surface (12) ends. Another rainwater inlet is via the house connection (47) shown.

Since only small amounts of rainwater are expected in this infiltration area (12), the road surface (49) required by the road construction was not changed, but the storage space (14) extending in a triangular shape above the drainage pipe (13).

The drainage pipe (13) is parallel to the roadway (21), or rough planum of the road (49), which also represents the infiltration surface (49), at a depth which corresponds to the prescribed coverage height. Due to the steep gradient, this means that the inflowing rainwater flows to the end of the drainage pipe (62) and only after the subsequent watertight separation layer (19) made of bentonite sheets does the water accumulate in the ballast reservoir (14). Since the void-rich ballast store (14) does not provide any appreciable flow resistance to the inflowing water, the rising water is distributed quickly and almost without back pressure in the infiltration area (12). A large storage volume (14) is required for the lower partial infiltration area (12), in FIG. 4 to the right of the previously described infiltration partial area (12), since on this partial area there is a small, non-seeping cross road (48) with its own properties House connections for drainage is connected. As a result, there is an intensive intervention in the rough planum (49) of the street (21) in order to be able to produce the required storage spaces (14). Despite this large storage space (14), the infiltration area (49) is only minimally enlarged in comparison to the infiltration sub-area (12) arranged above, so that an overflow (18) with subsequent duct section (52) into a subsequent infiltration sub-area is unavoidable. Although not necessary, the drainage pipe (13) was also lowered, that is, also horizontally and therefore parallel to the infiltration surface (49), in order to enable a uniform water inlet.

FIG. 5 shows storage ballast material (14, 36, 37), consists of compacted gravel grains (53) of different diameters in the area of the sieve line 8/32 mm, which can be used very well, with its sieve line to create a maximum pore space (54) on small particles less than 8 mm is completely dispensed with.

The resulting grain structure of the grains (53) or gussets (60) that support one another at the contact points with the large pore fractions (54) formed as a result can be clearly seen. Despite the compression, some gravel grains (56) that are not integrated in the composite or grain structure can be identified.

The enormous areas of the comm boundaries (55) offer an ideal floor for a microorganical cleaning film.

Up to the water surface (58), the ballast (14,53,54,56) is evenly filled with accumulated rainwater (57).

FIG. 6 shows the same grain structure (53, 54, 56) as in FIG. 5, with the difference that in order to increase the load-bearing capacity, the ballast (14) was poured over with an aqueous cement which concentrated in accordance with the surface tension of the liquid cement has settled on the gussets (60). The entire gravel grain (53, 56) outside the gusset (60) is only thinly coated by the binder (59).

A further base layer consolidation takes place through the additional incorporation of the free gravel grains (56) in the composite.

Reference number I is

Infiltration system 28 Sludge trap 50 46 Pipe trench filling Water permeable 29 Frost protection layer 47 Geotextile connection

30 backsplash 48 cross street connection

(Trickle)

30 31 curb 49 infiltration surface infiltration partial area running

32 Drainage pipe drainage

55 50 sewer pipe

33 Back support water storage

51 Introduction gravel 34 busy soil zone (trough) 52 discharge of common bodies

35 35 grown soil 53 gravel canal canal

36 primary infiltration 54 pore space overlap area

60 55 grain boundaries overflow

37 extended infiltration

56 free gravel grains waterproof layering area

57 water permeable 40 38 waterproof separating geotextile on layer 58 water surface of the infiltration surface

39 curb 59 roadway binder layer

40 trough channel 65 60 binding agent cobblestones

41 stripe enfuπdament

(on the gussets) plaster bed

45 42 pipe trench

61 conventional gravel walkway

43 pipe bedding

62 Drainage pipe covering

44 rough level

70 street gully with

45 Transversal empty pipes for sludge trap supply support overflow shaft

Claims

Godfather claims

1. infiltration system (10) by means of a rainwater storage for receiving, intermediate storage and depending on the water absorption capacity of the surrounding soil seepage performance of the water introduced into the rainwater storage (57), characterized in that the water-absorbing, intermediate storage and drainage water storage (14) from preferably as possible void-rich, highly loadable, traffic-suitable gravel material (53,54,56) is formed.

2. infiltration system (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that a drainage pipe (13) or a drainage pipe system is embedded within the ballast material (14).

3. infiltration system (10) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the infiltration system (10) from at least two infiltration partial surfaces (12) is formed.

4. infiltration system (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the infiltration partial surfaces (12) are arranged in cascade to one another.

5. infiltration system (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the infiltration partial surfaces (12) are interconnected.

6. infiltration system (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the infiltration system (10) is equipped with an overflow (18).

7. infiltration system (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the infiltration area (20) is designed so large that a complete water infiltration takes place using the ballast storage (14) as rain or process water intermediate storage.

8. infiltration system (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the amount to be installed of the required storage ballast (14) from the predetermined amount of water, or the maximum amount of water to be introduced and the infiltration and discharge options from the infiltration system (20, 18) out is dependent.

9. infiltration system (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the infiltration of small amounts of water mainly in the pipe trenches (42) of the infiltration system (10) and the infiltration of large amounts of water, due to the increase in the water level in the pipe trench (42) , additional to the pipe trenches (42)

Areas (49) (e.g. rough planum of a street, parking lot, carport).

10. infiltration system (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the storage body (14) from gravel (53,54,56) is to be formed which, depending on the predetermined load-bearing capacity, has an increased or the maximum possible proportion of pores (54 ) having.

11. infiltration system (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the storage body (14) from gravel (53,54,56) is to be formed, the screening line to create an increased or maximum possible proportion of pores (54) from the The strength values of the underlying ballast rock (53.56) and the load-bearing capacity of the installed ballast must be determined.

12. infiltration system (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the storage body (14) from gravel (53,54,56) is to be formed, in which to increase the load-bearing capacity, the contact points (60) of the gravel grains lying opposite one another (53) are to be joined together by adding liquid cements or binders.

13. infiltration system (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the storage body (14) from gravel (53,54,56) is to be formed, in which aerobic pollutant degradation is made possible due to the high proportion of pores (54) is.

14. infiltration system (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the storage body (14) from ballast (53,54,56) is to be formed, in which the natural temperature gradient in the built-in ballast base layer in order to optimize aerobic degradation of pollutants (14) in the form of convection currents.

15. infiltration system (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the storage body (14) is partially enclosed with a water-permeable layer (11, 20).

16. infiltration system (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the storage body (14) is wholly or partially enclosed with a waterproof (38) and partially with a water-permeable (11, 20) layer.

17. infiltration system (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the course (49) of the infiltration system (10), its length in the direction of flow, is different in height.

18. infiltration system (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that for the introduction of water (51) into the infiltration system (10) all types of drainage systems such. B. processes (26), throttles, sludge traps, separators and / or conventional infiltration systems as well as drainage pipes (13) and sewer pipes (50) can be used.

19. Infiltration system (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that more than one drainage line (13) is embedded within the storage body (14).

20. percolation system (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drainage pipes (13) from interconnected sections of drainage pipes (13) and non-drainable sewer pipes (50) are to be produced.

21. Infiltration system (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the infiltration system (10) parts of the water (57) temporarily stored therein to a channel (50), trench, infiltration system, water purification system, water or other rainwater disposal structure (18, 27) ) issues.

5

22. percolation system (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the percolation system (10) is to be cleaned by means of mechanical, physical, chemical and / or biological cleaning processes.

10 23. Infiltration system (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the infiltration system (10) is equipped with a heating system.