EP1237687B1 - Method of impregnation - Google Patents

Method of impregnation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1237687B1
EP1237687B1 EP00970374A EP00970374A EP1237687B1 EP 1237687 B1 EP1237687 B1 EP 1237687B1 EP 00970374 A EP00970374 A EP 00970374A EP 00970374 A EP00970374 A EP 00970374A EP 1237687 B1 EP1237687 B1 EP 1237687B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
autoclave
linseed oil
product
oil
temperature
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP00970374A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1237687A1 (en
Inventor
Mikkel Erk-Ers Selder
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Linotech AB
Original Assignee
JAERLASA FAERGINDUSTRIER AB
Jarl SA Fargindustrier AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by JAERLASA FAERGINDUSTRIER AB, Jarl SA Fargindustrier AB filed Critical JAERLASA FAERGINDUSTRIER AB
Publication of EP1237687A1 publication Critical patent/EP1237687A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1237687B1 publication Critical patent/EP1237687B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/34—Organic impregnating agents
    • B27K3/44—Tar; Mineral oil
    • B27K3/48—Mineral oil
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/02—Processes; Apparatus
    • B27K3/0278—Processes; Apparatus involving an additional treatment during or after impregnation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/02—Processes; Apparatus
    • B27K3/08—Impregnating by pressure, e.g. vacuum impregnation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K5/00—Treating of wood not provided for in groups B27K1/00, B27K3/00
    • B27K5/001—Heating

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process for linseed oil impregnation of a product based on cellulose, particularly wood, such as lumber, other wood products and the like.
  • the process involves treatment of the product with linseed oil at an increased temperature under pressure in an autoclave.
  • impregnation processes for the protection of wood are known, and these methods can in principle be divided up into techniques based on the supply of a substance poisonous to the growth of the micro-organisms, and techniques whereby the wood is given hydrophobic properties, for example by impregnation with some kind of oil.
  • an impregnation agent is crude linseed oil which can be of hot- or cold-pressed type, both of which by suitable heat treatment are converted into boiled linseed oils.
  • the present invention has for an object to provide a process for linseed oil impregnation of cellulose-based products, particularly wood, the new process resulting in a substantially improved protective effect, especially in view of the fact that the process enables a higher level of uptake.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a multi-step process utilizing an initial heating step in which water in the form of vapour and enclosed air is released from the product, and a subsequent step where the result of the water and air release is used to improve the uptake of oil.
  • Yet an object of the invention is to provide a process with alternate use of vacuum in combination with high temperature and then cooling in combination with over-pressure.
  • a particular object of the invention is to make certain in the process that the transition from the vacuum-heating step to the pressure-cooling step takes place continuously so that maximum benefit of this transition will be obtained.
  • the invention provides for a process for the impregnation of cellulose-based products, particularly wood, with linseed oil, the products being treated with linseed oil at an increased temperature and under pressure in an autoclave.
  • the invention is characterized by the following steps:
  • the process according to the present invention is in principle based on the new concept that the switching over of the autoclave from hot linseed oil under vacuum takes place continuously by introducing cold linseed oil simultaneously with decharging the hot linseed oil from the autoclave, the autoclave being progressively put under overpressure.
  • the vacuum in the product generated under heat and autoclaved vacuum is utilized at a maximum so that optimal uptake of linseed oil takes place in connection with the supply of cold linseed oil and putting the autoclave under overpressure.
  • hot linseed oil and “cold linseed oil” thus mean that the temperature of the oil in the first case exceeds the boiling point of water and in the latter case is lower than the boiling point of water, respectively.
  • step b) it is suitable to heat the linseed oil to a temperature of about 140-180°C, whereas in the latter step d) it is preferred to put the autoclave under over-pressure of up to about 15 bar, for example from about 5 to about 12 bar.
  • the temperature of the cold linseed oil is suitably maintained within the range about +75 to about +85°C.
  • a processed linseed oil substantially consisting of linolenic acid, linolic acid and oleic acid, mainly in the form of triglycerides, the content of free tocoferol of the linseed oil being less than about 100 ppm.
  • the linseed oil content of free tocoferol is suitably less than about 75 ppm and particularly less than about 50 ppm.
  • the process may in a further final step be dried in an air flow of environmental temperature.
  • An autoclave is charged with lumber to be treated, in the present case rods which have been distributed and anchored.
  • the autoclave is charged with linseed oil heated to a temperature within the range about 140 to about 180°C, for example about 160°C, and the autoclave is charged so that the lumber is completely surrounded by linseed oil.
  • the temperature is maintained at a constant level while the autoclave is put under vacuum. In view of the high temperature to which the lumber is heated and under the influence of vacuum the water will evaporize and water steam together with air will leave the pore system of the lumber.
  • the hot oil is continuously replaced with cold oil by pumping the hot oil out of the autoclave at the same time pumping cold oil into the autoclave at the bottom thereof.
  • the pressure in the autoclave is progressively increased from vacuum to an overpressure of about 10 bar.
  • the temperature of the cold oil is maintained within the range about +75 to about +85°C.
  • a sub-pressure is created in the pore system thereof, whereby impregnating oil more easily impregnates the lumber so as to increase the level of uptake.
  • the lumber is allowed to dry in a cool flow of air at a temperature of about 20°C or lower, whereby excess of oil further penetrates into the lumber.
  • This final step has for a function to prevent that oil by later sweating emerges from the impregnated lumber.
  • the lumber made subject to impregnation can be of any type. In Sweden the trend is presently towards the common coniferous trees, namely fir and pine.
  • the lumber can be fresh or dried in different degrees, i.e. contain different amounts of moisture.
  • the time periods of the different process steps will have to be adapted to the parameters of the lumber (dimension, moisture content, type of wood, core and/or sap-wood) and to the uptake level desired.
  • the uptake level can be given in quantity of linseed oil per cubic meter or percent of the dry density of the lumber which is about 450 kg/m 3 , and further with regard to the intended use of the impregnated lumber. The higher the uptake level obtained the better resistance of the lumber and the harder conditions endured by lumber in its practical use.
  • Type of lumber (density 450 kg/m 3 ) Approximate uptake level % About kg/m 3 Pine sap 100% 450 kg/m 3 Pine core 40% 180 kg/m 3 Fir sap 40% 180 kg/m 3 Fir core 20% 90 kg/m 3
  • Lumber impregnated to high levels of uptake i.e. up to 100%, can according to ongoing tests endure long periods of time under quite severe conditions, i.e. freely outdoors in ground or in ground contact.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
  • Mechanical Treatment Of Semiconductor (AREA)
  • Macromolecular Compounds Obtained By Forming Nitrogen-Containing Linkages In General (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)

Abstract

A process for the impregnation of cellulose-based products, particularly wood, comprising treatment of the product with linseed oil at an increased temperature under pressure in an autoclave, comprising the steps: a) charging the autoclave with the product to be treated, b) charging the autoclave with linseed oil heated to a temperature exceeding the boiling point of water so that the product wil be surrounded by linseed oil, c) applying vacuum to the autoclave while keeping the temperature constant, water in the form of steam and air enclosed in the product being released from the product, d) discharging the linseed oil from the autoclave with simultaneous supply of linseed oil of a temperature lower than the boiling point of water and preferably applying over-pressure to the autoclave, and e) discharging the cold oil from the autoclave which, optionally, for the removal of excess oil from the product is again set under vacuum, whereafter the impregnated product is removed from the autoclave.

Description

The present invention relates to a process for linseed oil impregnation of a product based on cellulose, particularly wood, such as lumber, other wood products and the like. The process involves treatment of the product with linseed oil at an increased temperature under pressure in an autoclave.
Even if the present invention is applicable in relation to other cellulose-based products than wood the invention will in the following be described in connection with wood in the form of different types of lumber. Decomposition of wood when used outdoors is almost exclusively caused by fungi and bacteria. The requirement for growth of such micro-organisms is the presence of water. Furthermore, a suitable temperature and access to nutrition and oxygen are required. Prevention of decomposition can be based on the elimination of one or more of these conditions necessary for the growth of the micro-organisms. As an example there can be mentioned that if the moisture content is brought down to a value lower than about 20% biological decomposition is substantially prevented.
A number of different impregnation processes for the protection of wood are known, and these methods can in principle be divided up into techniques based on the supply of a substance poisonous to the growth of the micro-organisms, and techniques whereby the wood is given hydrophobic properties, for example by impregnation with some kind of oil. In the latter case an impregnation agent is crude linseed oil which can be of hot- or cold-pressed type, both of which by suitable heat treatment are converted into boiled linseed oils.
Most of the known methods for oil impregnation of lumber is based on the principle of using overpressure during the impregnation procedure. Moreover, impregnation methods are known which are based on the so called principle "hot and cold-process", i.e. the lumber is initially treated in hot oil and is then transferred into cold oil whereby a certain improved impregnation result is obtained. The known methods are, however, unsatisfactory with regard to obtaining a degree of impregnation resulting in extended protection against attack by micro-organisms present in nature, for example micro-organism flora of aggressive brown rot.
The present invention has for an object to provide a process for linseed oil impregnation of cellulose-based products, particularly wood, the new process resulting in a substantially improved protective effect, especially in view of the fact that the process enables a higher level of uptake.
Another object of the invention is to provide a multi-step process utilizing an initial heating step in which water in the form of vapour and enclosed air is released from the product, and a subsequent step where the result of the water and air release is used to improve the uptake of oil.
Yet an object of the invention is to provide a process with alternate use of vacuum in combination with high temperature and then cooling in combination with over-pressure.
A particular object of the invention is to make certain in the process that the transition from the vacuum-heating step to the pressure-cooling step takes place continuously so that maximum benefit of this transition will be obtained.
For these and other objects which will be clear from the following description the invention provides for a process for the impregnation of cellulose-based products, particularly wood, with linseed oil, the products being treated with linseed oil at an increased temperature and under pressure in an autoclave. The invention is characterized by the following steps:
  • a) the autoclave is charged with the product to be treated,
  • b) linseed oil heated to a temperature exceeding the boiling point of water is introduced into the autoclave so that the product is surrounded by linseed oil,
  • c) while keeping the temperature at a constant level the autoclave is put under vacuum, water in the form of steam and air enclosed in the product being released from the product,
  • d) the linseed oil is discharged from the autoclave with simultaneous supply of linseed oil having a temperature lower than the boiling point of water and the autoclave is preferably put under overpressure, and
  • e) the cold oil is discharged from the autoclave which, optionally, for removal of excess oil from the product is again put under vacuum, the impregnated product then being removed from the autoclave.
    • The process according to the present invention is in principle based on the new concept that the switching over of the autoclave from hot linseed oil under vacuum takes place continuously by introducing cold linseed oil simultaneously with decharging the hot linseed oil from the autoclave, the autoclave being progressively put under overpressure. By this procedure the vacuum in the product generated under heat and autoclaved vacuum is utilized at a maximum so that optimal uptake of linseed oil takes place in connection with the supply of cold linseed oil and putting the autoclave under overpressure.
    In the present disclosure the expressions "hot linseed oil" and "cold linseed oil" thus mean that the temperature of the oil in the first case exceeds the boiling point of water and in the latter case is lower than the boiling point of water, respectively.
    In step b) it is suitable to heat the linseed oil to a temperature of about 140-180°C, whereas in the latter step d) it is preferred to put the autoclave under over-pressure of up to about 15 bar, for example from about 5 to about 12 bar.
    In the cooling step d) the temperature of the cold linseed oil is suitably maintained within the range about +75 to about +85°C.
    In the process according to the present invention it is particularly preferred to use for the impregnation a processed linseed oil substantially consisting of linolenic acid, linolic acid and oleic acid, mainly in the form of triglycerides, the content of free tocoferol of the linseed oil being less than about 100 ppm. The linseed oil content of free tocoferol is suitably less than about 75 ppm and particularly less than about 50 ppm. Details regarding such processed linseed oil and the process for the manufacture thereof is found in patent application No. SE 9903621-2 filed simultaneously herewith with the same applicant and the same inventor.
    Finally, the process may in a further final step be dried in an air flow of environmental temperature.
    The invention will in the following be further described in connection with no-limiting examples, wherein the percentages given relate to weight if not otherwise stated.
    EXAMPLE 1 Impregnation procedure
    In connection with the impregnation procedure there is used Swedish cold-pressed linseed oil from the harvest of 1998.
    An autoclave is charged with lumber to be treated, in the present case rods which have been distributed and anchored. The autoclave is charged with linseed oil heated to a temperature within the range about 140 to about 180°C, for example about 160°C, and the autoclave is charged so that the lumber is completely surrounded by linseed oil. The temperature is maintained at a constant level while the autoclave is put under vacuum. In view of the high temperature to which the lumber is heated and under the influence of vacuum the water will evaporize and water steam together with air will leave the pore system of the lumber.
    At the end of the heat treatment which takes place for a period of about 1 h, the hot oil is continuously replaced with cold oil by pumping the hot oil out of the autoclave at the same time pumping cold oil into the autoclave at the bottom thereof. At the same time as this replacement of hot oil with cold oil the pressure in the autoclave is progressively increased from vacuum to an overpressure of about 10 bar. The temperature of the cold oil is maintained within the range about +75 to about +85°C. In cooling of the lumber a sub-pressure is created in the pore system thereof, whereby impregnating oil more easily impregnates the lumber so as to increase the level of uptake.
    At the end of the treatment in the autoclave the lumber is allowed to dry in a cool flow of air at a temperature of about 20°C or lower, whereby excess of oil further penetrates into the lumber. This final step has for a function to prevent that oil by later sweating emerges from the impregnated lumber.
    EXAMPLE 2 Result of impregnation
    The lumber made subject to impregnation can be of any type. In Sweden the trend is presently towards the common coniferous trees, namely fir and pine. The lumber can be fresh or dried in different degrees, i.e. contain different amounts of moisture.
    The time periods of the different process steps will have to be adapted to the parameters of the lumber (dimension, moisture content, type of wood, core and/or sap-wood) and to the uptake level desired. The uptake level can be given in quantity of linseed oil per cubic meter or percent of the dry density of the lumber which is about 450 kg/m3, and further with regard to the intended use of the impregnated lumber. The higher the uptake level obtained the better resistance of the lumber and the harder conditions endured by lumber in its practical use.
    Different types of lumber have been test impregnated in accordance with the process of the invention, and in the following table these types of lumber and the uptake levels obtained are given.
    Type of lumber (density 450 kg/m3) Approximate uptake level % About kg/m3
    Pine sap 100% 450 kg/m3
    Pine core 40% 180 kg/m3
    Fir sap 40% 180 kg/m3
    Fir core 20% 90 kg/m3
    Lumber impregnated to high levels of uptake, i.e. up to 100%, can according to ongoing tests endure long periods of time under quite severe conditions, i.e. freely outdoors in ground or in ground contact.
    It should be observed that the present invention is not restricted to the specific embodiments exemplified above. Thus, modifications and changes can be carried out within the frame-work of the invention and such changes and modifications are easily understood by those skilled in the art.

    Claims (9)

    1. A process for the impregnation of cellulose-based products, particularly wood, comprising treatment of the product with linseed oil at an increased temperature under pressure in an autoclave, comprising the steps of:
      a) charging the autoclave with the product to be treated,
      b) charging the autoclave with linseed oil heated to a temperature exceeding the boiling point of water so that the product will be surrounded by linseed oil,
      c) applying vacuum to the autoclave while keeping the temperature constant, water in the form of steam and air enclosed in the product being released from the product,
      d) discharging the linseed oil from the autoclave with simultaneous supply of linseed oil of a temperature lower than the boiling point of water arid preferably applying over-pressure to the autoclave, and
      e) discharging the cold oil from the autoclave which; optionally, for the removal of excess oil from the product is again set under vacuum, whereafter the impregnated product is removed from the autoclave.
    2. A process according to claim 1, characterized in that in step b) the linseed oil is heated to a temperature of about 140 to 180°C.
    3. A process according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in step d) the autoclave is set under an over-pressure of up to about 15 bar.
    4. A process according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in step d) the temperature of the cold linseed oil is maintained within the range about 75 to 85°C.
    5. A process according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in step d) the over-pressure is from about 5 bar to about 12 bar.
    6. A process according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the impregnation is carried out with a processed linseed oil substantially consisting of linolenic acid, linolic acid and oleic acid, mainly in the form of triglycerides, the contents of the oil of free tocoferol being less than about 100 ppm.
    7. A process according to claim 6, characterized in that the contents of free tocoferol of the linseed oil is less than about 75 ppm.
    8. A process according to claim 7, characterized in that the contents of free tocoferol of the linseed oil is less than about 50 ppm.
    9. A process according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the product in a further final step is dried in an air flow of environmental temperature.
    EP00970374A 1999-10-07 2000-09-26 Method of impregnation Expired - Lifetime EP1237687B1 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (3)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    SE9903622 1999-10-07
    SE9903622A SE516982C2 (en) 1999-10-07 1999-10-07 Process for linseed oil impregnation of cellulose-based products
    PCT/SE2000/001863 WO2001024982A1 (en) 1999-10-07 2000-09-26 Method of impregnation

    Publications (2)

    Publication Number Publication Date
    EP1237687A1 EP1237687A1 (en) 2002-09-11
    EP1237687B1 true EP1237687B1 (en) 2003-06-18

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    ID=20417282

    Family Applications (1)

    Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
    EP00970374A Expired - Lifetime EP1237687B1 (en) 1999-10-07 2000-09-26 Method of impregnation

    Country Status (18)

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    EP (1) EP1237687B1 (en)
    JP (1) JP2003511258A (en)
    CN (1) CN1158169C (en)
    AT (1) ATE243096T1 (en)
    AU (1) AU754796C (en)
    CA (1) CA2386503A1 (en)
    CZ (1) CZ297778B6 (en)
    DE (1) DE60003460T2 (en)
    DK (1) DK1237687T3 (en)
    EE (1) EE05058B1 (en)
    HU (1) HUP0204152A2 (en)
    MX (1) MXPA02003442A (en)
    NO (1) NO321255B1 (en)
    NZ (1) NZ518171A (en)
    PL (1) PL191345B1 (en)
    SE (1) SE516982C2 (en)
    SK (1) SK4402002A3 (en)
    WO (1) WO2001024982A1 (en)

    Families Citing this family (7)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    AU2003903242A0 (en) * 2003-06-25 2003-07-10 The University Of Melbourne Process for the treatment of wood
    NZ531217A (en) * 2004-02-18 2005-12-23 Nz Forest Research Inst Ltd Impregnation process
    FR2927564B1 (en) * 2008-02-14 2012-01-13 Ct Valorisation Ind Agro Ressources PROCESS FOR TREATING WOOD WITH AGENTS OF NATURAL ORIGIN
    CN101239477B (en) * 2008-02-26 2012-05-23 侯梦斌 Method for recovering extracted substance in wood modification process
    CN105171888B (en) * 2015-09-17 2017-10-10 浙江永裕竹业股份有限公司 A kind of preparation method for recombinating bamboo profile
    CN113246246B (en) * 2021-06-17 2022-07-01 北京林业大学 A method for liquid phase drying and heat treatment of small diameter wood
    EP4547455A1 (en) * 2022-06-29 2025-05-07 WTT Innovation ApS Elevated pressure hybrid wood modification

    Family Cites Families (5)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    US3968276A (en) * 1972-10-25 1976-07-06 Diversified Wood Products, Inc. Process for the preservation of wood
    DK172239B1 (en) * 1991-05-07 1998-02-02 Ulrich Schirnig Process for quality improvement, such as improved preservation, of wood blanks by impregnating them
    HU9203611D0 (en) * 1992-11-18 1993-04-28 Pal Csecsei Method for impregnating or simultaneous impregnating and drying of wood
    US5652023A (en) * 1996-02-29 1997-07-29 Chemical Specialties, Inc. Fixation process for heat-fixable preservative treated wood
    DE19715664A1 (en) * 1997-04-16 1998-10-22 Butzbacher Weichenbau Gmbh Process for impregnating solids

    Also Published As

    Publication number Publication date
    ATE243096T1 (en) 2003-07-15
    CZ20021109A3 (en) 2003-01-15
    DE60003460T2 (en) 2004-03-18
    PL191345B1 (en) 2006-05-31
    AU754796C (en) 2003-06-26
    WO2001024982A1 (en) 2001-04-12
    SE9903622L (en) 2001-04-08
    NO321255B1 (en) 2006-04-10
    NZ518171A (en) 2003-09-26
    PL354288A1 (en) 2003-12-29
    AU754796B2 (en) 2002-11-28
    NO20021635L (en) 2002-06-05
    SE9903622D0 (en) 1999-10-07
    MXPA02003442A (en) 2004-09-10
    CN1377307A (en) 2002-10-30
    NO20021635D0 (en) 2002-04-05
    SE516982C2 (en) 2002-04-02
    EE05058B1 (en) 2008-08-15
    HUP0204152A2 (en) 2003-03-28
    SK4402002A3 (en) 2002-10-08
    CZ297778B6 (en) 2007-03-28
    AU7976600A (en) 2001-05-10
    DE60003460D1 (en) 2003-07-24
    CA2386503A1 (en) 2001-04-12
    CN1158169C (en) 2004-07-21
    DK1237687T3 (en) 2003-08-25
    EP1237687A1 (en) 2002-09-11
    JP2003511258A (en) 2003-03-25
    EE200200179A (en) 2003-04-15

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