EP1227177A1 - Fasertrennung - Google Patents

Fasertrennung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1227177A1
EP1227177A1 EP02250617A EP02250617A EP1227177A1 EP 1227177 A1 EP1227177 A1 EP 1227177A1 EP 02250617 A EP02250617 A EP 02250617A EP 02250617 A EP02250617 A EP 02250617A EP 1227177 A1 EP1227177 A1 EP 1227177A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fibre
fibres
processing members
enclosure
processing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP02250617A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Derek Bielby
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Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP1227177A1 publication Critical patent/EP1227177A1/de
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01B—MECHANICAL TREATMENT OF NATURAL FIBROUS OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL TO OBTAIN FIBRES OF FILAMENTS, e.g. FOR SPINNING
    • D01B1/00—Mechanical separation of fibres from plant material, e.g. seeds, leaves, stalks
    • D01B1/10—Separating vegetable fibres from stalks or leaves
    • D01B1/14—Breaking or scutching, e.g. of flax; Decorticating
    • D01B1/28—Breaking or scutching, e.g. of flax; Decorticating with beaters rotating about an axis perpendicular to the fibre bundle

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device and method for the separation of the fibres from the waste material in bast fibre bearing plants.
  • Natural fibre products have a number of advantages over those manufactured from synthetic materials. These include the renewability of the raw material and the biodegradability of products at the end of their useful life. In addition, some fibre crops improve the condition of soil in which they are grown by virtue of their long roots that break up the soil and by the choking out of weeds due to their dense coverage of leaves.
  • the processing of the plant material to obtain useable fibres comprises many steps, which are broadly similar for a number of different fibre bearing plants. Examples of plants grown as fibre crops include flax, hemp, jute, manila and ramie etc.
  • the stems are retted to break down the adhesion of the fibres to the waste material.
  • the separation of the fibres from the woody core of the plant stems is known as decortication or scutching.
  • the fibres are subsequently hackled and combed and are then ready for spinning or other uses.
  • a device for the separation of fibres from waste material in fibre bearing plants comprising a plurality of processing members mounted for rotation within an enclosure, the enclosure comprising an inlet for material to be processed, an outlet for fibres and a plurality of apertures to allow the egress of waste material, the device being arranged, in use, to receive material at the inlet to undergo a first processing operation by a first plurality of said processing members, said first plurality of processing members being arranged along a first axis of rotation and being arranged to perform a first stage of separation of fibre from waste and to transfer fibres in a process direction for processing by at least a second plurality of said processing members.
  • the material to be processed comprises pre-prepared material from plants such as flax, hemp, jute, sisal, manila, ramie, nettles or other fibre bearing plants.
  • the pre-preparation comprises harvesting, cutting to suitable lengths, retting and drying to a suitable moisture content.
  • first through third pluralities of said processing members are rotationally mounted along respective first through third rotational axes.
  • the first through third plurality of processing members are preferably arranged such that the first through third axes are transverse to the process direction and are preferably arranged in sequence such that the first plurality of processing members propel material having undergone the first stage of separation toward the second plurality, and the second plurality propel material having undergone a second stage of separation toward the third plurality.
  • the third plurality of processing members are preferably arranged to propel the material having undergone a third stage of separation toward the outlet for fibres.
  • the first plurality of processing members preferably counter-rotate with respect to the second plurality and the second plurality preferably counter-rotate with respect to the third plurality.
  • each plurality of processing members comprises fibre separation elements which are mounted to a shaft.
  • the first plurality of processing members preferably comprises a plurality of fibre separation elements extending from a common shaft defining the first axis of rotation
  • the second plurality of processing members preferably comprises a plurality of fibre separation elements extending from a common shaft defining the second axis of rotation
  • the third plurality of processing members preferably comprises a plurality of fibre separation elements extending from a common shaft defining the third axis of rotation.
  • the fibre separation elements extending from the respective shafts are disposed along the length of their respective shaft and around its circumference.
  • the fibre separation elements extending from the respective shafts are disposed in such a way as to balance the shafts during rotation.
  • the fibre separation elements extending from the shaft defining the first axis of rotation each comprise a breaking member and a support member.
  • each support element is attached to a shaft and a second end of each support element is attached to a first end of a breaking member.
  • each breaking member is arranged substantially parallel to the shaft from which the support member extends and is adapted to break the material to be processed and scutch the woody material from the fibres.
  • each breaking member comprises a cutting edge.
  • the cutting edge may be a substantially linear edge, arranged so that the line of the edge runs parallel to the shaft from which the associated support member extends.
  • the cutting edge may also be arranged to comprise the leading edge of the breaking member as the first shaft rotates.
  • the fibre separation elements are similar to the L-shaped blades of a rotary cultivator.
  • the fibre separation elements extending from the shaft defining the second axis of rotation comprise a beating member.
  • each beating member is substantially rectangular in plan, end and side elevations and extends normal to the shaft defining the second axis of rotation.
  • the fibre separation elements extending from the shaft defining the third axis of rotation comprise rods.
  • the rods extend normal to the shaft defining the third axis of rotation and are substantially cylindrical.
  • At least the fibre separation elements extending from the shaft defining the first axis of rotation are adapted to produce and promote air movement in the enclosure to aid the separation of the hurds and the fibre once the woody material has been broken away from the fibres.
  • the air movement is preferably arranged to promote the progress of the fibres through the machine to move the fibres and discourage wrapping of the fibres around the shafts.
  • the apertures are formed in a lower boundary member mounted below the processing members.
  • the apertures may be formed in both a lower boundary member mounted below the processing members and an upper boundary member mounted above the processing members.
  • the apertures are adapted to allow the passage therethrough of the waste material, and to substantially prevent the passage of the fibres.
  • the apertures are circular and arranged in a regular fashion.
  • the apertures are arranged in rows, the rows offset to one another so that the centre of the apertures comprising even numbered rows are aligned between the apertures of odd numbered rows.
  • the apertures may make up a high proportion of the area of the boundary members, suitably 70% of the area of the boundary members may comprise.
  • the apertures may suitably have a diameter of 10mm for processing certain plant varieties, and be arranged with 15mm centre distances. The size and arrangement of the apertures may vary for processing other plant varieties.
  • waste material passes through apertures formed in the lower boundary member under gravity.
  • Waste material may pass through apertures formed in the upper boundary member by means of induced air currents.
  • induced air currents may be promoted by suction means, such as cyclone generator. Induced air currents may be provided by the rotating action of the processing members.
  • the enclosure may contain means to prevent fibres from moving away from the outlet back toward the inlet. These may comprise spikes extending from the upper and lower boundaries of the enclosure. The spikes may further assist the separation of the fibres from the waste material by holding back partially separated bundles of fibres while the breaking members act on them.
  • the enclosure may further contain aerodynamic means to promote a favourable flow of air within the enclosure to aid in the separation process.
  • the aerodynamic means may comprise fins disposed between the envelope defined by the rotating processing members and extending from the upper and lower boundaries of the enclosure.
  • the fins may be adapted to produce pockets of slow moving air to aid the removal of waste.
  • the fins may be adapted to generate vortices.
  • the device may be adapted for easy transportation.
  • the device may be mounted on a wheeled trailer.
  • the device may have wheels attached to it.
  • the trailer or device may comprise retractable legs used to support the device when stationary.
  • the device may further comprise feeding means for providing material to the inlet.
  • feeding means may comprise conventionally available unbailing mechanisms, conveyor feed systems or, for instance, mechanisms for picking up material directly from the field.
  • step (b) material is automatically transferred from the inlet to a first plurality of processing members which are mounted for rotation within the enclosure and which perform the first processing operation and, preferably, following performance of the first stage of separation of fibre from waste, the fibres are automatically transferred to a second plurality of processing members which perform the second processing operation.
  • automatic transfer of the material from the first plurality of processing members to the second plurality of processing members is achieved by virtue of air currents flowing within the enclosure.
  • automatic transfer of the material from the first plurality of processing members to the second plurality of processing members is achieved by virtue of the inertia of the material.
  • said air currents are caused by rotation of the first and second pluralities of processing members.
  • the method may comprise third or further subsequent processing operations between the second processing operation and the transfer of fibres to the outlet.
  • the third or further subsequent processing operations and the transfer of material between them may be similar to those described for the first and second processing operations.
  • removal of the waste material from the enclosure in step (e) occurs in an automatic fashion.
  • Removal of waste material may be under gravity and/or assisted by air movement.
  • the waste material may be transported away from the enclosure by transportation means.
  • the transportation means comprise a conveyor system.
  • the processing members may rotate at speeds in the range of 300-1000 revolutions per minute. More preferably, the processing members may rotate at speeds in the range 500-750 revolutions per minute. Each plurality of processing members may rotate at its own speed. The speed of rotation of the third plurality of processing members may be greater than that of the first and second pluralities of processing members.
  • the method of the second aspect may incorporate any one or more of the device features described in relation to the first aspect in any logical combination.
  • the device 10 comprises an enclosure 1, an inlet 11 for the material to be processed, an outlet 12 for the fibres, first through third pluralities of rotationally mounted processing members 13A-13C, shafts 14A-14C for the first through third pluralities of processing members 13A-13C, fins 15A-15D, a lower boundary 16A, an upper boundary 16B, a cyclone dust extractor 17, spikes 18, an inlet safety plate 19, a conveyor system 20, an inlet feed mechanism 21 and an outlet feed mechanism 22.
  • FIG. 2 An example of the configuration of the lower and upper boundary members 16A, 16B is shown in Figure 2 which details an example of the arrangement of the apertures 24 in even rows 25 and odd rows 26.
  • FIGS 3 and 4 show details of the fibre separation elements used in embodiments of the present invention.
  • the first through third pluralities of processing members 13A-13C are caused to rotate under the action of an external power source (not shown).
  • the external power source is a tractor power take off. Power may be transferred from the tractor power take off to the processing members by any suitable transmission means, for example gearing, chain drives, belt drives etc.
  • the central plurality of processing members 13B rotates in the opposite direction to the other pluralities of processing members 13A and 13C. This change in sense may be suitably achieved by the use of gearing, however each plurality of processing members 13A-13C may be driven independently.
  • the material to be processed is fed into the enclosure 1 through inlet 11 by the inlet feed mechanism 21.
  • the material to be processed may comprise loose plant straw, straw bales or any other suitable plant material.
  • the inlet feed mechanism is adapted to ensure a constant amount of plant material is fed into the device and may be of a type generally known in the art. This helps to prevent an inlet feed rate of material to be processed that is not balanced by the extraction rate of fibres at the outlet 12. An excess of material fed to the inlet 11 would cause a build up of material within the enclosure 1 and lead to the device 10 becoming blocked.
  • the inlet safety plate 19 ensures the first plurality of processing members 13A is not easily accessible by material other than the material to be processed and helps to prevent the rejection of the material to be processed.
  • Each plurality of processing members comprises a plurality of fibre separation elements which are mounted on a common shaft which defines the axis of rotation of the plurality of processing members.
  • Each fibre separation element 30 of the first plurality of fibre processing members 13A comprises a support member 32 and a breaking member 31, a first end of each support member 32 is attached to the shaft 14A, and the second end of each support member 32 is attached to a first end of a breaking member 31.
  • Each breaking member 31 is arranged substantially parallel to the shaft 14A and comprises a cutting edge 34.
  • the cutting edge 34 is substantially linear and also runs parallel to the shaft 14A. As the shaft 14A rotates the cutting edge 34 comprises the leading edge of the breaking member 31.
  • the fibre separation elements 30 are similar to the L-shaped blades of a rotary cultivator.
  • the action of the first plurality of processing members 13A is to cause the cutting edge 34 of the breaking members 31 to impact upon the material. This has the effect of damaging the bonding between the fibres and the woody material in the plant stems and may chop the material to be processed into shortened lengths.
  • the air flow created by the movement of the breaking members 31 and the fins 15 and the impact of the breaking members 31 on the stems causes the material to be drawn onto the second plurality of processing members 13B.
  • Each fibre separation element 36 of the second plurality of processing members 13B comprises a beating member.
  • Each beating member comprises a prismatic bar of rectangular cross-section that extends normal to the shaft 14B.
  • the action of the second plurality of processing members 13B is to beat the material being processed to further break the bonding between fibres and the woody material in the plant stems.
  • the airflow created by the movement of the beating members and fins 15, the inertia of the material being processed and the impact of the beating members on the stems causes the material to be drawn on to the third plurality of processing members 13C.
  • Each fibre separation element 38 of the third plurality of fibre processing members 13C comprises a cylindrical rod that extends from the shaft 14C and normal to it.
  • the action of the third plurality of processing members 13C is to cause the rods to open up and separate the fibres from one another once the majority of the woody material has been separated from them.
  • the air flow created by each of the first through third pluralities of processing members 13A-13C and inertia of the material also aids its passage through the enclosure towards the outlet 12.
  • the hurds that are broken from the stems are forced along the lower boundary member 16A of the enclosure 1 by the motion of the remaining stems and fibres and the airflow created by the pluralities of processing members 13A-13C.
  • the constant sweeping of the lower boundary member 16A by the remaining stems and fibres as they move through the enclosure 1 helps to prevent blockages in the device 10.
  • the hurds then fall under gravity through the apertures 24.
  • the apertures 24 are arranged to allow the easy egress of the hurds, while preventing any loss of fibre.
  • the hurds fall onto the conveyer system 20 and subsequently are collected.
  • each of the pluralities of processing members 13A-13C may be desirable for each of the pluralities of processing members 13A-13C to rotate at its own speed.
  • the speed of rotation of the third plurality of processing members 13C may be greater than that of the first and second pluralities of processing members 13A, 13B to enhance the separation of the fibres and ensure that any hurds that are trapped between the separated fibres are able to fall through the apertures 24.
  • the cyclone dust extractor 17 removes any dust and small particles from the enclosure 1 through the apertures 24 in the upper boundary 16B.
  • the fibres within the enclosure 1 are prevented from returning towards the inlet 11 by spikes 18, which project through the apertures 24 in upper boundary member 16B and the lower boundary member 16A and by the shaping of the fins 15 and are urged toward the outlet 12 by the action of the outlet feed mechanism 22.
  • the spikes may also help the separation of fibres from the waste by holding back partially separated bundles of fibres while the breaking members 31 act on them.
  • the fins 15 produce vortices or pockets of slow moving air beyond a peak or crest line. This turbulent area can help to retain the waste material or slow it down to aid extraction through the apertures 24.
  • the outlet feed mechanism 22 comprises a pair of intermeshing fluted rollers of the type generally known in the fibre processing and textile industries that trap the fibres between them and rotate drawing the fibres from the device 10.
  • the speed of the outlet feed mechanism 22 may be controllable relative to the amount of plant material entering the device 1 to ensure the amount of material entering the device 10 is balanced by the amount of material leaving it. Once the fibre has left the machine it can be passed to further machinery or left for later bailing etc.
  • the air flow may be regulated so as to propel the separated fibres from the outlet without the requirement for a specific outlet feed mechanism 22.
  • the operation of the device 10 as described above is generally applicable to any of the previously mentioned plant varieties.
  • details of the specific construction and operation of the machine for the decortication of hemp will be described. Hemp has been chosen in this instance since it is regarded as the toughest fibre bearing plant to process.
  • the hemp plants are harvested, cut to lengths of around 300mm and then retted.
  • the retted material is dried to a moisture content of 15%-20% before being fed into the machine.
  • the pluralities of processing members 13A-13C may rotate at 500-750 revolutions per minute.
  • the power needed to operate the pluralities of processing members 13A-13C and the other moving parts may come from a tractor power take off and may be approximately 60 kW.
  • the fibre separation elements 30 may extend 200-300mm from the shaft 14A, with a clearance of 70-100mm to the upper and lower boundary members 16A and 16B.
  • the fibre separation elements 30 may be arranged in groups of two, three or four at 180°, 120° or 90° respectively from one another around the circumference of the shaft 14A.
  • the groups of fibre separation elements 30 may be separated from one another along the shaft 14A by approximately 300mm.
  • the breaking members 31 may be approximately 150mm in length.
  • the fibre separation elements 36 and 38 may be of similar dimensions to those given for the fibre separation elements 30, with the rods and extending from the shaft 14C approximately 8mm in diameter.
  • the device 10 may be 2 metres long overall and approximately 2 metres wide.
  • the upper and lower boundary members 16A and 16B may be manufactured from 5mm steel plate. This gives them the resilience needed to withstand the ingress of material such as small stones that could be inadvertently fed into the device 10 with the plant material.
  • the apertures 24 may be 10mm in diameter and the apertures 24 may comprise 70% of the area of the upper and lower boundaries 16.
  • the spikes 18 may be 10mm in diameter and 100mm long.
  • the spikes 18 are arranged in rows across the width of the enclosure 1, transverse to the process direction.
  • the spikes may be reinforced with support means and project through the apertures 24 of the upper boundary member 16B and the lower boundary member 16A.
  • the rows are arranged at 200-300mm intervals along the process direction, and each spike is of a suitable length to prevent the transfer of fibre material back toward the inlet 11.
  • the length of the spikes 18 may vary according to their position along the process direction due to their proximity to the pluralities of processing members 13A-13C.
  • the fins 15A-15D extend from the boundary members 16A and 16B and are disposed transverse to the process direction.
  • the fins may be 100mm in height and of the same width as the boundary members 16A and 16B.
  • the device 10 is of suitable dimensions for easy transportation when mounted on a trailer, or towed on its own wheels.
  • apertures 24 may be of alternative geometries without substantially altering their technical effect.
  • the device and method shown confer advantages over the state of the art in simplifying the decortication of bast fibre bearing plants and providing an effective and readily transportable apparatus for carrying this out.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
EP02250617A 2001-01-30 2002-01-29 Fasertrennung Withdrawn EP1227177A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0102304A GB2371813A (en) 2001-01-30 2001-01-30 Bast fibre separation
GB0102304 2001-01-30

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1227177A1 true EP1227177A1 (de) 2002-07-31

Family

ID=9907752

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP02250617A Withdrawn EP1227177A1 (de) 2001-01-30 2002-01-29 Fasertrennung

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EP (1) EP1227177A1 (de)
GB (1) GB2371813A (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101158421B1 (ko) 2010-12-24 2012-07-11 전라남도 곡성군 베틀을 이용한 삼베실의 제조에 사용되는 삼절개구.
CN102797045A (zh) * 2012-09-07 2012-11-28 任贵兵 植物纤维打丝机
RU2506353C1 (ru) * 2012-12-21 2014-02-10 общество с ограниченной ответственностью "АГРОЛЁН-ИНВЕСТ" Способ получения лубяного волокна и устройство для его осуществления

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE125946C (de) * 1900-11-29 1901-12-07 Schneider Louis Henry Maschine zur bearbeitung faserhaltiger pflanzenstengel
GB188405A (en) * 1921-08-13 1922-11-13 William Mcewen Improvements relating to flax and the like preparing machinery
GB271938A (en) * 1925-12-10 1927-06-10 Bruno Possanner Von Ehrenthal Improvements in and relating to means for extracting fibres from the stalks of flax, hemp and like plants
DE610706C (de) * 1935-03-15 Frederick Percy Gardner Trommelschwingmaschine
US5513805A (en) * 1995-03-31 1996-05-07 Fisher; Gordon L. Fiber separation method and apparatus

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB308387A (en) * 1928-01-06 1929-03-28 Martin Waddell Improvements in machines for threshing and scutching flax
GB410399A (en) * 1933-10-11 1934-05-17 William Bowerbank Bartram Improvements in machines for scutching short fibres of flax, jute, hemp, asbestos and other short fibres
GB448571A (en) * 1935-02-16 1936-06-11 Platt Brothers & Co Ltd Method of and apparatus for mechanically treating flax stalks for production of a cleaned mass of flax fibre in staple length
US2817119A (en) * 1954-06-21 1957-12-24 Antonio Picciati Device for mechanically extracting fibers from the stems of textile plants
AT401532B (de) * 1995-01-04 1996-09-25 Foelser Stefan Vorrichtung zum schwingen von flachs
DE19918166B4 (de) * 1999-04-22 2006-06-01 Institut für Agrartechnik Bornim e.V. Vorrichtung zur Gewinnung von Kurzfasern

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE610706C (de) * 1935-03-15 Frederick Percy Gardner Trommelschwingmaschine
DE125946C (de) * 1900-11-29 1901-12-07 Schneider Louis Henry Maschine zur bearbeitung faserhaltiger pflanzenstengel
GB188405A (en) * 1921-08-13 1922-11-13 William Mcewen Improvements relating to flax and the like preparing machinery
GB271938A (en) * 1925-12-10 1927-06-10 Bruno Possanner Von Ehrenthal Improvements in and relating to means for extracting fibres from the stalks of flax, hemp and like plants
US5513805A (en) * 1995-03-31 1996-05-07 Fisher; Gordon L. Fiber separation method and apparatus

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101158421B1 (ko) 2010-12-24 2012-07-11 전라남도 곡성군 베틀을 이용한 삼베실의 제조에 사용되는 삼절개구.
CN102797045A (zh) * 2012-09-07 2012-11-28 任贵兵 植物纤维打丝机
RU2506353C1 (ru) * 2012-12-21 2014-02-10 общество с ограниченной ответственностью "АГРОЛЁН-ИНВЕСТ" Способ получения лубяного волокна и устройство для его осуществления

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB0102304D0 (en) 2001-03-14
GB2371813A (en) 2002-08-07

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