EP1222099A1 - Device for measuring the temperatures of axles or bearings for locating hot-boxes or overheated brakes in rolling stock - Google Patents

Device for measuring the temperatures of axles or bearings for locating hot-boxes or overheated brakes in rolling stock

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Publication number
EP1222099A1
EP1222099A1 EP00967415A EP00967415A EP1222099A1 EP 1222099 A1 EP1222099 A1 EP 1222099A1 EP 00967415 A EP00967415 A EP 00967415A EP 00967415 A EP00967415 A EP 00967415A EP 1222099 A1 EP1222099 A1 EP 1222099A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mirror
deflecting
measuring
deflecting mirrors
infrared rays
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP00967415A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1222099B1 (en
Inventor
Wolfgang Nayer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Voestalpine Railway Systems GmbH
Original Assignee
Voestalpine VAE GmbH
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Publication date
Application filed by Voestalpine VAE GmbH filed Critical Voestalpine VAE GmbH
Publication of EP1222099A1 publication Critical patent/EP1222099A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1222099B1 publication Critical patent/EP1222099B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61K—AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR RAILWAYS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B61K9/00—Railway vehicle profile gauges; Detecting or indicating overheating of components; Apparatus on locomotives or cars to indicate bad track sections; General design of track recording vehicles
    • B61K9/04—Detectors for indicating the overheating of axle bearings and the like, e.g. associated with the brake system for applying the brakes in case of a fault
    • B61K9/06—Detectors for indicating the overheating of axle bearings and the like, e.g. associated with the brake system for applying the brakes in case of a fault by detecting or indicating heat radiation from overheated axles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for measuring axle or bearing temperatures for locating hot runners or overheated brakes in rolling rail traffic, in which the infrared rays of the measuring points are directed to an infrared receiver via an oscillating oscillating mirror, with infrared rays being emitted transversely to the longitudinal direction of the rail in the defined by the oscillation of the oscillating mirror scanning plane.
  • Devices of the type mentioned are described for example in AT 395 571 B or AT 398 413 B.
  • Devices of this type are also referred to as hot runner location systems (HOA), and depending on the measuring range detected, analogous devices can also be used to detect blocking brakes or other impermissibly heated parts of rail vehicles.
  • thermal detectors such as, for example, bolometers or rapidly responding heat radiation sensors, such as, for example, HgCd, HgTe, InSb, PbSe or combinations of such semiconductors are used as detectors.
  • Such semiconductor detectors respond to changes by thermal excitation of free charge carriers and are able to resolve radiation of a high pulse train, but are not suitable for the continuous detection of a certain temperature level without additional devices, such as modulators or deflection devices, which interrupt the incident beam cyclically or direct it to other temperature levels suitable.
  • Devices of this type are usually arranged in the track area and the measuring beam reaches the generally cooled detector through a window in the device and corresponding deflection devices.
  • the arrangement is such that the active window, including a win- kels to the normal warehouse of a rolling rail vehicle can capture.
  • a series of special evaluation methods were developed, with which the hottest point of an axis or a bearing can be detected across the longitudinal direction of the rail, using a special measuring and evaluation method, e.g. in AT 398 413 B is described.
  • a common disadvantage of the previously known device is that greatly different wheel sizes, in particular different wheel sizes in passenger cars or heavy-duty cars, in particular so-called low-floor cars, significantly influence the possible scanning area, which is derived from the distance of the oscillating mirror from the scanning surface. Due to the geometry of different vehicles and in particular the geometry of different bearings, it is generally very difficult with a single device to detect several scanning surfaces simultaneously with different wagon groups.
  • the invention now aims to provide a simple device of the type mentioned at the outset with an oscillating oscillating mirror which detects a scanning plane with which it is possible, regardless of the geometry of the respective rolling vehicles, to have defined positions in the region of the axis of a vehicle , especially bearing axles, brakes, such as disc brakes or other possibly inadmissibly heated parts, and to obtain complete information with just a single detector device.
  • the device according to the invention essentially consists in that at least two deflecting mirrors are arranged within the scanning plane at a distance from one another transversely to the longitudinal direction of the rail, the deflected infrared rays of which are recorded in chronological order in accordance with the oscillation of the oscillating mirror.
  • a plurality of measuring areas or measuring points can be deflected into a defined scanning plane corresponding to the oscillation of the oscillating mirror and fed to a common detector if the deflecting mirrors assigned to the individual measuring points are arranged at a lateral distance from one another. and in the course of the scanning the deflected infrared rays are directed onto the infrared detector in chronological order due to the oscillation of the oscillating mirror.
  • the design according to the invention is such that the deflecting mirrors are designed as deflecting mirrors rotating about an axis normal to the mirror plane.
  • Such rotating deflecting mirrors can in turn throw off dust particles impinging on the mirror surface by centrifugal force at a correspondingly high rotational speed, so that a self-cleaning effect of the deflecting mirrors is observed.
  • the design can advantageously be such that the planes of the mirror surfaces of the deflecting mirrors are arranged essentially parallel to one another. If such mirror surfaces of the deflecting mirrors are arranged essentially parallel to one another, a plurality of positions located above them can each be assigned to such a deflecting mirror within the scanning plane defined by the oscillating mirror and can be successively detected, a particularly simple compensation of superposition signals when changing from a deflecting mirror to the next deflecting mirror within the oscillation range of the oscillating mirror is made possible.
  • the design is such that the deflecting mirrors are arranged in a different height or different vertical distance from the driving plane or relative to the plane spanned by the rail sleepers are.
  • an essentially parallel arrangement of the planes of the mirror surfaces of the deflecting mirrors such an offset transversely to the longitudinal direction of the rail or in the longitudinal direction of the threshold axis leads to the detection of exact positions of an axis or a bearing, without the optical axis of the detector having to be inclined in such a way that it could be affected by different geometrical designs of the chassis of vehicles.
  • the design according to the invention is advantageously made such that the rotating deflecting mirrors are arranged within a hollow threshold and that the threshold has openings or windows for the passage of infrared rays in the vertical direction above the respective mirrors.
  • the rotating deflecting mirror itself can be arranged in a protected manner and a plurality of measuring points or measuring ranges can be reliably detected with a narrowly defined scanning angle and not disturbed by external influences within the scanning plane defined by the oscillation of the mirror.
  • the breakthroughs or windows of the threshold can be protected in a suitable manner by infrared-transparent glasses or by screens or sliders, so that the risk of soiling of the mirrors can be significantly reduced.
  • the design is advantageously made such that the optical axis of the entrance lens of the detector containing the oscillating oscillating mirror and the infrared receiver runs essentially parallel to the driving plane.
  • Such an orientation of the optical axis of the optics of the detector and in particular of the optical axis of the entrance lens of the detector allows the detector itself to be arranged in a protected manner, for example within a hollow threshold, so that it is impaired by mechanical influences or by contamination can be further reduced.
  • this design makes it possible to ensure that the measuring beam cannot be interrupted in any way, even in the case of parts hanging down from low-floor wagons or wagons, and therefore the required measured values can be made available safely for all axes.
  • the configuration is advantageously such that the planes of the deflecting mirrors are arranged inclined at approximately 45 ° to the driving plane, the optical axis of the entry lens of the detector preferably being arranged axially or axially parallel within the hollow threshold in the longitudinal direction of the threshold.
  • An exact assignment to measuring ranges or measuring points, such as bearings or disc brakes, which are offset in the longitudinal direction of the axes, is advantageously achieved in that the deflecting mirrors are arranged below the measuring points to be recorded, a particularly high measuring accuracy being ensured if the rotating deflecting mirrors are arranged within the vertical projection of the respective measuring surface. In this way, the entire measuring surface is scanned in the oscillation region of the oscillating mirror, so that complete information about the axial width of the region to be measured can be obtained.
  • the deflection mirrors are designed as convex or concave deflection mirrors.
  • the scanning area can be enlarged and when using a concave mirror, the scanning area can be restricted.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic arrangement of two rotating deflecting mirrors relative to a detector a vibrating mirror
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic arrangement of the device inside a hollow measuring threshold.
  • two rotating deflecting mirrors 1 and 2 are arranged offset by a distance a in the axial direction of a threshold, the detector 3 being at an axial distance from the two rotating deflecting mirrors 1 and 2 with an essentially horizontal axis 4 of the input optics or input lens 5 is arranged.
  • the axis 4 designates the central beam which, with the interposition of the focusing optical element, namely the input lens 5, reaches an image field lens 6. 7 with an autocollimation element is referred to, in which the temperature of the infrared detector 8 is a corresponding oscillating position of the oscillating mirror 9 is reflected on itself, so that a reference value can be obtained.
  • the oscillating mirror 9 oscillates in the direction of the double arrow 10, thereby spanning a scanning plane running in the plane of the drawing and, in the course of the oscillating oscillation of the oscillating mirror 9, first a first partial scan over the region b with the intermediate switching of the deflecting mirror 2 and subsequently another partial scan via an axial one Length c takes place using the deflection mirror 1, the respective measuring beams lying in the plane being detected by the detector 8 in time sequence by the angular ranges ⁇ and ⁇ .
  • a further rotating mirror not shown, enables the scanning of further measuring points, such as a disc brake.
  • plane mirrors or, as indicated in FIG. 1 with dashed lines, convex or concave mirrors can be used.
  • the detector 3 and the two rotating mirrors 1 and 2 are arranged inside a hollow measuring threshold 11, the optical axis 4 essentially coinciding with the longitudinal axis of the measuring threshold 11.
  • the measuring threshold has windows 12 and 13 through which the partial area to be measured outgoing infrared rays can reach the deflecting mirrors 1 and 2, which windows 12 and 13 can be closed with sliders.
  • the measuring beam entering through the window 13 is oriented in such a way that a partial area d of a bearing in the direction of the axis of the bearing can be detected and the corresponding temperature measurement values can be detected by the detector via this partial area d.
  • the partial area lying above the measuring window 12 is a partial area of the axis 14 of a rail vehicle, the wheel of which is designated by 15.
  • the rail itself is indicated schematically at 16 and is fixed transversely to the longitudinal axis of the sleeper on the sleeper.
  • the windows 12 and 13 and optionally further windows can each be arranged vertically below the area to be measured, the axial central beam of the measuring device itself, i.e. the optical axis of the focussing optical element 5 can run protected horizontally inside the threshold, so that different designs of chassis and different dimensions of wheels and bearings can be interrupted just as little as by a hanging part of a vehicle.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Radiation Pyrometers (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Machines For Laying And Maintaining Railways (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for measuring the temperatures of axles or bearings for locating hot-boxes or overheated brakes in rolling stock. The infrared rays of the measuring points are guided over an oscillating mirror (9) and onto an infrared receiver (8). Sent infrared rays are detected in the scanning level which is defined by the oscillation of the oscillating mirror (9) and crosswise in relation to the longitudinal direction of the rails. At least two deviation mirrors (1, 2) are arranged in the scanning level and at a distance (a) from each other crosswise in relation to the longitudinal direction of the rails. The deviated infrared rays of the deviation mirrors (1, 2) are detected in chronological sequence and according to the oscillation of the oscillating mirror (9).

Description

Einrichtung zum Messen von Achs- bzw. Lagertemperaturen zur Ortung von Heißläufern oder überhitzten Bremsen im rollenden BahnverkehrDevice for measuring axle or bearing temperatures for locating hot runners or overheated brakes in rolling rail traffic
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Einrichtung zum Messen von Achs- bzw. Lagertemperaturen zur Ortung von Heißläufern oder überhitzten Bremsen im rollenden Bahnverkehr, bei welcher die Infrarotstrahlen der Meßstellen über einen oszillierenden Schwingspiegel auf einen Infrarotempfänger gelenkt werden, wobei quer zur Schienenlängsrichtung ausgesandte Infrarotstrahlen in der durch die Oszillation des Schwingspiegels definierten Abtastebene erfaßt werden.The invention relates to a device for measuring axle or bearing temperatures for locating hot runners or overheated brakes in rolling rail traffic, in which the infrared rays of the measuring points are directed to an infrared receiver via an oscillating oscillating mirror, with infrared rays being emitted transversely to the longitudinal direction of the rail in the defined by the oscillation of the oscillating mirror scanning plane.
Einrichtungen der eingangs genannten Art sind beispielsweise in der AT 395 571 B oder der AT 398 413 B beschrieben. Derartige Einrichtungen werden auch als Heißlauferortungsanlagen (HOA) bezeichnet, wobei je nach erfaßtem Meßbereich mit analogen Einrichtungen auch blockierende Bremsen oder andere unzulässig erhitzte Teile von Schienenfahrzeugen erfaßt werden können. In derartigen Einrichtungen werden als Detektoren thermische Detektoren, wie beispielsweise Bolometer oder aber rasch ansprechende Wärmestrahlungsfühler, wie beispielsweise HgCd, HgTe, InSb, PbSe oder Kombinationen derartiger Halbleiter eingesetzt. Derartige Halbleiterdetektoren sprechen durch thermische Anregung freier Ladungsträger auf Änderungen an und vermögen Strahlung hoher Impulsfolge aufzulösen, sind jedoch für die kontinuierliche Erfassung eines bestimmten Temperaturniveaus ohne zusätzliche Einrichtungen, wie beispielsweise Modulatoren oder Ablenkeinrichtungen, welche den einfallenden Strahl zyklisch unterbrechen oder auf andere Temperaturniveaus lenken, nicht geeignet.Devices of the type mentioned are described for example in AT 395 571 B or AT 398 413 B. Devices of this type are also referred to as hot runner location systems (HOA), and depending on the measuring range detected, analogous devices can also be used to detect blocking brakes or other impermissibly heated parts of rail vehicles. In such devices, thermal detectors such as, for example, bolometers or rapidly responding heat radiation sensors, such as, for example, HgCd, HgTe, InSb, PbSe or combinations of such semiconductors are used as detectors. Such semiconductor detectors respond to changes by thermal excitation of free charge carriers and are able to resolve radiation of a high pulse train, but are not suitable for the continuous detection of a certain temperature level without additional devices, such as modulators or deflection devices, which interrupt the incident beam cyclically or direct it to other temperature levels suitable.
Üblicherweise werden derartige Einrichtungen im Gleisbereich angeordent und der Meßstrahl gelangt durch ein Fenster der Einrichtung und entsprechende Umlenkeinrichtungen auf den im allgemeinen gekühlten Detektor. Üblicherweise erfolgt die Anordnung so, daß das aktive Fenster unter Einschluß eines Win- kels zur Normalen Lager eines rollenden Schienenfahrzeuges erfassen kann. Um die Meßgenauigkeit und insbesondere Fehllauf aufgrund des sogenannten Sinuslaufes zu vermeiden, wurden eine Reihe von speziellen Auswerteverfahren entwickelt, mit welchen tatsächlich die jeweils heißeste Stelle einer Achse oder eines Lagers quer zur Schienenlängsrichtung erfaßt werden kann, wobei ein spezielles Meß- und Auswerteverfahren, beispielsweise in der AT 398 413 B beschrieben ist.Devices of this type are usually arranged in the track area and the measuring beam reaches the generally cooled detector through a window in the device and corresponding deflection devices. Usually the arrangement is such that the active window, including a win- kels to the normal warehouse of a rolling rail vehicle can capture. In order to avoid measuring accuracy and in particular misalignment due to the so-called sine run, a series of special evaluation methods were developed, with which the hottest point of an axis or a bearing can be detected across the longitudinal direction of the rail, using a special measuring and evaluation method, e.g. in AT 398 413 B is described.
Ein gemeinsamer Nachteil der bisher bekannten Einrichtung besteht darin, daß stark unterschiedliche Laufradgrößen, insbesondere unterschiedliche Laufradgrößen bei Personenwaggons oder Schwerlastwaggons , insbesondere sogenannten Niederflurwaggons, den möglichen Abtastbereich wesentlich beeinflussen, der sich aus dem Abstand des Schwingspiegels zur Abtastfläche ableitet. Bedingt durch die Geometrie unterschiedlicher Fahrzeuge und insbesondere die Geometrie unterschiedlicher Lager ist es mit einer einzigen Einrichtung in der Regel nur sehr schwer möglich, mehrere Abtastflachen gleichzeitig bei unter- schiedlichen Wagengruppen zu erfassen.A common disadvantage of the previously known device is that greatly different wheel sizes, in particular different wheel sizes in passenger cars or heavy-duty cars, in particular so-called low-floor cars, significantly influence the possible scanning area, which is derived from the distance of the oscillating mirror from the scanning surface. Due to the geometry of different vehicles and in particular the geometry of different bearings, it is generally very difficult with a single device to detect several scanning surfaces simultaneously with different wagon groups.
Die Erfindung zielt nun darauf ab, eine einfache Einrichtung der eingangs genannten Art mit einem oszillierenden Schwingspiegel, welcher eine Abtastebene erfaßt zu schaffen, mit wel- chem es unabhängig von der Geometrie der jeweilig rollenden Fahrzeuge möglich ist, definierte Positionen im Bereich der Achse eines Fahrzeuges, insbesondere Lagerachsen, Bremsen, wie beispielsweise Scheibenbremsen oder andere möglicherweise unzulässig erwärmte Teile zu erfassen und mit nur einer einzigen Detektoreinrichtung eine vollständige Information zu erlangen. Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe besteht die erfindungsgemäße Einrichtung im wesentlichen darin, daß innerhalb der Abtastebene wenigstens zwei Umlenkspiegel in einem Abstand quer zur Schienenlängsrichtung voneinander angeordnet sind, deren umgelenkte Infrarotstrahlen entsprechend der Oszillation des Schwingspie- gels in zeitlicher Abfolge erfaßt werden. Dadurch, daß innerhalb der Abtastebene wenigstens zwei Umlenkspiegel in einem Abstand quer zur Schienenlängsrichtung voneinander angeordnet sind, lassen sich eine Mehrzahl von Meßbereichen bzw. Meß- stellen in eine der Oszillation des Schwingspiegels entsprechende definierte Abtastebene umlenken und einem gemeinsamen Detektor zuführen, wenn die jeweils den einzelnen Meßstellen zugeordneten Umlenkspiegel in seitlichem Abstand voneinander angeordnet sind, und im Zuge der Abtastung die umgelenkten Infrarotstrahlen in zeitlicher Abfolge aufgrund der Oszillation des Schwingspiegels auf den Infrarotdetektor gelenkt werden.The invention now aims to provide a simple device of the type mentioned at the outset with an oscillating oscillating mirror which detects a scanning plane with which it is possible, regardless of the geometry of the respective rolling vehicles, to have defined positions in the region of the axis of a vehicle , especially bearing axles, brakes, such as disc brakes or other possibly inadmissibly heated parts, and to obtain complete information with just a single detector device. To achieve this object, the device according to the invention essentially consists in that at least two deflecting mirrors are arranged within the scanning plane at a distance from one another transversely to the longitudinal direction of the rail, the deflected infrared rays of which are recorded in chronological order in accordance with the oscillation of the oscillating mirror. The fact that at least two deflecting mirrors in one within the scanning plane If a distance is arranged transversely to the longitudinal direction of the rails, a plurality of measuring areas or measuring points can be deflected into a defined scanning plane corresponding to the oscillation of the oscillating mirror and fed to a common detector if the deflecting mirrors assigned to the individual measuring points are arranged at a lateral distance from one another. and in the course of the scanning the deflected infrared rays are directed onto the infrared detector in chronological order due to the oscillation of the oscillating mirror.
In besonders vorteilhafter Weise ist die erfindungsgemäße Ausbildung hiebei so getroffen, daß die Umlenkspiegel als um eine normal zur Spiegelebene stehende Achse rotierende Umlenk- spiegel ausgebildet sind. Derartige rotierende Umlenkspiegel können bei entsprechend hoher Rotationsgeschwindigkeit auf die Spiegelfläche auftreffende Staubpartikel durch Zentrifugalkraft wiederum abwerfen, sodaß ein Selbsreinigungseffekt der Umlenkspiegel beobachtet wird.In a particularly advantageous manner, the design according to the invention is such that the deflecting mirrors are designed as deflecting mirrors rotating about an axis normal to the mirror plane. Such rotating deflecting mirrors can in turn throw off dust particles impinging on the mirror surface by centrifugal force at a correspondingly high rotational speed, so that a self-cleaning effect of the deflecting mirrors is observed.
Mit Vorteil kann die Ausbildung so getroffen sein, daß die Ebenen der Spiegeloberflächen der Umlenkspiegel im wesentlichen parallel zueinander angeordnet sind. Wenn derartige Spiegeloberflächen der Umlenkspiegel im wesentlichen parallel zu- einander angeordnet sind, können innerhalb der durch den Schwingspiegel definierten Abtastebene eine Mehrzahl von darüberliegenden Positionen jeweils einem derartigen Umlenkspiegel zugeordnet und sukzessive sicher erfaßt werden, wobei eine besonders einfache Kompensation von Überlagerungssignalen beim Übergang von einem Umlenkspiegel zum nächsten Umlenkspiegel innerhalb des Oszillationsbereiches des Schwingspiegels ermöglicht wird.The design can advantageously be such that the planes of the mirror surfaces of the deflecting mirrors are arranged essentially parallel to one another. If such mirror surfaces of the deflecting mirrors are arranged essentially parallel to one another, a plurality of positions located above them can each be assigned to such a deflecting mirror within the scanning plane defined by the oscillating mirror and can be successively detected, a particularly simple compensation of superposition signals when changing from a deflecting mirror to the next deflecting mirror within the oscillation range of the oscillating mirror is made possible.
In besonders einfacher Weise ist die Ausbildung so getroffen, daß die Umlenkspiegel in zur Fahrebene bzw. relativ zu der durch die Schienenschwellen aufgespannten Ebene unterschiedlicher Höhe bzw. unterschiedlichem Vertikalabstand angeordnet sind. Bei im wesentlichen paralleler Anordnung der Ebenen der Spiegeloberflächen der Umlenkspiegel führt eine derartige Versetzung quer zur Schienenlängsrichtung bzw. in Längsrichtung der Schwellenachse zur Erfassung exakter Positionen einer Achse oder eines Lagers, ohne daß hiebei die optische Achse des Detektors in einer Weise geneigt werden müßte, daß sie durch unterschiedliche geometrische Ausgestaltungen des Fahrgestells von Fahrzeugen beeinträchtigt werden könnte. Dies gilt insbesondere für eine bevorzugt im wesentlichen horizon- tale Anordnung der optischen Achse der Eingangsoptik des Detektors .In a particularly simple manner, the design is such that the deflecting mirrors are arranged in a different height or different vertical distance from the driving plane or relative to the plane spanned by the rail sleepers are. With an essentially parallel arrangement of the planes of the mirror surfaces of the deflecting mirrors, such an offset transversely to the longitudinal direction of the rail or in the longitudinal direction of the threshold axis leads to the detection of exact positions of an axis or a bearing, without the optical axis of the detector having to be inclined in such a way that it could be affected by different geometrical designs of the chassis of vehicles. This applies in particular to a preferably essentially horizontal arrangement of the optical axis of the input optics of the detector.
Mit Vorteil ist die erfindungsgemäße Ausbildung so getroffen, daß die rotierenden Umlenkspiegel innerhalb einer hohlen Schwelle angeordnet sind und daß die Schwelle in vertikaler Richtung oberhalb der jeweiligen Spiegel Durchbrechungen bzw. Fenster für den Durchtritt von Infrarotstrahlen aufweist. Auf diese Weise können die rotierenden Umlenkspiegel selbst geschützt angeordnet werden und es kann mit einem eng definier- ten und durch Fremdeinflüsse nicht gestörten Abtastwinkel innerhalb der durch die Oszillation des Spiegels definierten Abtastebene eine Mehrzahl von Meßstellen oder Meßbereichen sicher erfaßt werden. Die Durchbrechungen bzw. Fenster der Schwelle können in geeigneter Weise durch infrarotdurchlässige Gläser oder aber durch Blenden oder Schieber geschützt werden, sodaß die Gefahr der Verschmutzung der Spiegel wesentlich herabgesetzt werden kann.The design according to the invention is advantageously made such that the rotating deflecting mirrors are arranged within a hollow threshold and that the threshold has openings or windows for the passage of infrared rays in the vertical direction above the respective mirrors. In this way, the rotating deflecting mirror itself can be arranged in a protected manner and a plurality of measuring points or measuring ranges can be reliably detected with a narrowly defined scanning angle and not disturbed by external influences within the scanning plane defined by the oscillation of the mirror. The breakthroughs or windows of the threshold can be protected in a suitable manner by infrared-transparent glasses or by screens or sliders, so that the risk of soiling of the mirrors can be significantly reduced.
Mit Vorteil ist die Ausbildung so getroffen, daß die optische Achse der Eintrittslinse des den oszillierenden Schwingspiegel und den Infrarotempfänger enthaltenden Detektors im wesentlichen parallel zur Fahrebene verläuft. Eine derartige Orientierung der optischen Achse der Optik des Detektors und insbesondere der optischen Achse der Eintrittslinse des Detektors erlaubt es, den Detektor selbst geschützt, beispielsweise innerhalb einer hohlen Schwelle anzuordnen, sodaß Beeinträchtigungen durch mechanische Einflüsse oder durch Verschmutzung weiter herabgesetzt werden können. Insbesondere erlaubt diese Ausbildung sicherzustellen, daß auch im Falle von von Niederflurwaggons oder von Waggons herabhangenden Teilen der Meßstrahl in keiner Weise unterbrochen werden kann und daher sicher für alle Achsen die erforderlichen Meßwerte zur Verfugung gestellt werden können.The design is advantageously made such that the optical axis of the entrance lens of the detector containing the oscillating oscillating mirror and the infrared receiver runs essentially parallel to the driving plane. Such an orientation of the optical axis of the optics of the detector and in particular of the optical axis of the entrance lens of the detector allows the detector itself to be arranged in a protected manner, for example within a hollow threshold, so that it is impaired by mechanical influences or by contamination can be further reduced. In particular, this design makes it possible to ensure that the measuring beam cannot be interrupted in any way, even in the case of parts hanging down from low-floor wagons or wagons, and therefore the required measured values can be made available safely for all axes.
Mit Vorteil ist die Ausbildung so getroffen, daß die Ebenen der Umlenkspiegel etwa 45° zur Fahrebene geneigt angeordnet sind, wobei vorzugsweise die optische Achse der Eintrittslmse des Detektors innerhalb der hohlen Schwelle in Schwellenlangs- richtung axial oder achsparallel angeordnet ist. Eine exakte Zuordnung zu jeweils m Längsrichtung der Achsen versetzt angeordneten Meßbereichen oder Meßstellen, wie beispielsweise Lagern oder Scheibenbremsen, gelingt hiebei mit Vorteil dadurch, daß die Umlenkspiegel jeweils unterhalb der zu erfassenden Meßstellen angeordnet sind, wobei eine besonders hohe Meßgenauigkeit dann gewahrleistet werden kann, wenn die rotierenden Umlenkspiegel innerhalb der Vertikalprojektion der ]e- weiligen Meßflache angeordnet sind. Auf diese Weise wird jeweils die gesamte Meßflache im Oszillationsbereich des Schwingspiegels abgetastet, sodaß vollständige Informationen über die axiale Breite des zu messenden Bereiches gewonnen werden können.The configuration is advantageously such that the planes of the deflecting mirrors are arranged inclined at approximately 45 ° to the driving plane, the optical axis of the entry lens of the detector preferably being arranged axially or axially parallel within the hollow threshold in the longitudinal direction of the threshold. An exact assignment to measuring ranges or measuring points, such as bearings or disc brakes, which are offset in the longitudinal direction of the axes, is advantageously achieved in that the deflecting mirrors are arranged below the measuring points to be recorded, a particularly high measuring accuracy being ensured if the rotating deflecting mirrors are arranged within the vertical projection of the respective measuring surface. In this way, the entire measuring surface is scanned in the oscillation region of the oscillating mirror, so that complete information about the axial width of the region to be measured can be obtained.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausbildung der erfmdungsgemaßen Heißlauferortungsanlage sind die Umlenkspiegel als konvexe oder konkave Umlenkspiegel ausgebildet. Bei Verwendung eines konvexen Spiegels kann der Abtastbereich vergrößert und bei Verwendung eines konkaven Spiegels der Abtastbereich eingeschränkt werden.According to a preferred embodiment of the hot runner location system according to the invention, the deflection mirrors are designed as convex or concave deflection mirrors. When using a convex mirror, the scanning area can be enlarged and when using a concave mirror, the scanning area can be restricted.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand eines in der Zeichnung schematisch dargestellten Ausfuhrungsbeispieles naher erlau- tert . In dieser zeigen Fig. 1 eine schematische Anordnung von zwei rotierenden Umlenkspiegeln relativ zu einem Detektor mit einem Schwingspiegei und Fig. 2 eine schematische Anordnung der Einrichtung im Inneren einer hohlen Meßschwelle.The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to an exemplary embodiment shown schematically in the drawing. 1 shows a schematic arrangement of two rotating deflecting mirrors relative to a detector a vibrating mirror and FIG. 2 shows a schematic arrangement of the device inside a hollow measuring threshold.
In Fig. 1 sind zwei rotierende Umlenkspiegel 1 und 2 in Achs- richtung einer Schwelle um einen Abstand a versetzt angeordnet, wobei der Detektor 3 in axialem Abstand von den beiden rotierenden Umlenkspiegeln 1 und 2 mit im wesentlichen horizontaler Achse 4 der Eingangsoptik bzw. Eingangslinse 5 angeordnet ist. Die Achse 4 bezeichnet hiebei den Zentralstrahl , welcher unter Zwischenschaltung des fokusierenden optischen Elementes, nämlich der Eingangslinse 5 auf eine Bildfeldlinse 6 gelangt. Mit 7 ist hiebei ein Autokollimationselement bezeichnet, bei welchem die Temperatur des Infrarotdetektors 8 eine entsprechende Schwingstellung des Schwingspiegels 9 vorausgesetzt auf sich selbst reflektiert wird, sodaß ein Referenzwert gewonnen werden kann. Der Schwingspiegel 9 schwingt im Sinne des Doppelpfeiles 10, wodurch eine in der Zeichenebene verlaufende Abtastebene aufgespannt und im Zuge des oszillierenden Schwingens des Schwingspiegels 9 zunächst ein erster Teilscan über den Bereich b unter Zwischenschaltung des Umlenkspiegels 2 und in der Folge ein weiterer Teilscan über eine axiale Länge c unter Verwendung des Umlenkspiegels 1 erfolgt, wobei die jeweilig in der Ebene liegenden Meßstrahlen durch die Winkelbereich α und ß in zeitlicher Reihenfolge vom Detektor 8 erfaßt werden. Es versteht sich von selbst, daß ein weiterer nicht dargestellter rotierender Spiegel die Abtastung weiterer Meßstellen, wie beispielsweise einer Scheibenbremse ermöglicht. Für die Umlenkspiegel 1 bzw. 2 können Planspiegel oder, wie in Fig. 1 mit strichlierten Linien angedeutet, Konvex- bzw. Konkavspiegel verwendet werden.1, two rotating deflecting mirrors 1 and 2 are arranged offset by a distance a in the axial direction of a threshold, the detector 3 being at an axial distance from the two rotating deflecting mirrors 1 and 2 with an essentially horizontal axis 4 of the input optics or input lens 5 is arranged. The axis 4 designates the central beam which, with the interposition of the focusing optical element, namely the input lens 5, reaches an image field lens 6. 7 with an autocollimation element is referred to, in which the temperature of the infrared detector 8 is a corresponding oscillating position of the oscillating mirror 9 is reflected on itself, so that a reference value can be obtained. The oscillating mirror 9 oscillates in the direction of the double arrow 10, thereby spanning a scanning plane running in the plane of the drawing and, in the course of the oscillating oscillation of the oscillating mirror 9, first a first partial scan over the region b with the intermediate switching of the deflecting mirror 2 and subsequently another partial scan via an axial one Length c takes place using the deflection mirror 1, the respective measuring beams lying in the plane being detected by the detector 8 in time sequence by the angular ranges α and β. It goes without saying that a further rotating mirror, not shown, enables the scanning of further measuring points, such as a disc brake. For the deflecting mirrors 1 or 2, plane mirrors or, as indicated in FIG. 1 with dashed lines, convex or concave mirrors can be used.
Bei der Darstellung nach Fig. 2 sind der Detektor 3 und die beiden rotierenden Spiegel 1 und 2 im Inneren einer hohlen Meßschwelle 11 angeordnet, wobei die optische Achse 4 im wesentlichen mit der Längsachse der Meßschwelle 11 übereinstimmt. Die Meßschwelle verfügt über Fenster 12 und 13, durch welche die von dem jeweils zu messenden Teilbereich aus- gehenden Infrarotstrahlen auf die Umlenkspiegel 1 und 2 gelangen können, wobei diese Fenster 12 und 13 mit Schiebern verschlossen werden können. Bei der Darstellung nach Fig. 2 ist der durch das Fenster 13 eintretende Meßstrahl so orien- tiert, daß ein Teilbereich d eines Lagers in Richtung der Achse des Lagers erfaßt werden kann und die entsprechenden Temperaturmeßwerte über diesen Teilbereich d vom Detektor erfaßt werden können. Der über dem Meßfenster 12 liegende Teilbereich ist hiebei ein Teilbereich der Achse 14 eines Schie- nenfahrzeuges , dessen Laufrad mit 15 bezeichnet ist. Die Schiene selbst ist schematisch mit 16 angedeutet und quer zur Schwellenlängsachse an der Schwelle festgelegt.2, the detector 3 and the two rotating mirrors 1 and 2 are arranged inside a hollow measuring threshold 11, the optical axis 4 essentially coinciding with the longitudinal axis of the measuring threshold 11. The measuring threshold has windows 12 and 13 through which the partial area to be measured outgoing infrared rays can reach the deflecting mirrors 1 and 2, which windows 12 and 13 can be closed with sliders. In the illustration according to FIG. 2, the measuring beam entering through the window 13 is oriented in such a way that a partial area d of a bearing in the direction of the axis of the bearing can be detected and the corresponding temperature measurement values can be detected by the detector via this partial area d. The partial area lying above the measuring window 12 is a partial area of the axis 14 of a rail vehicle, the wheel of which is designated by 15. The rail itself is indicated schematically at 16 and is fixed transversely to the longitudinal axis of the sleeper on the sleeper.
Die Fenster 12 und 13 sowie gegebenenfalls weitere Fenster können jeweils vertikal unterhalb des zu messenden Bereiches angeordnet werden, wobei der axiale Zentralstrahl der Meßeinrichtung selbst, d.h. die optische Achse des fokusierenden optischen Elementes 5 geschützt im Inneren der Schwelle im wesentlichen horizontal verlaufen kann, sodaß jedoch unter- schiedliche Ausbildungen von Fahrgestellen und unterschiedliche Dimensionen von Rädern und Lagern ebensowenig wie durch herabhängende Teiles eines Fahrzeuges unterbrochen werden kann. The windows 12 and 13 and optionally further windows can each be arranged vertically below the area to be measured, the axial central beam of the measuring device itself, i.e. the optical axis of the focussing optical element 5 can run protected horizontally inside the threshold, so that different designs of chassis and different dimensions of wheels and bearings can be interrupted just as little as by a hanging part of a vehicle.

Claims

Patentansprüche : Claims:
1. Einrichtung zum Messen von Achs- bzw. Lagertemperaturen zur Ortung von Heißläufern oder überhitzten Bremsen im rollenden Bahnverkehr, bei welcher die Infrarotstrahlen der Meßstellen über einen oszillierenden Schwingspiegel (9) auf einen Infrarotempfänger (8) gelenkt werden, wobei quer zur Schienenlängsrichtung ausgesandte Infrarotstrahlen in der durch die Oszillation des Schwingspiegels (9) definierten Abtastebene erfaßt werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß innerhalb der Abtastebene wenigstens zwei Umlenkspiegel (1,2) in einem Abstand (a) quer zur Schienenlängsrichtung voneinander angeordnet sind, deren umgelenkte Infrarotstrahlen entsprechend der Oszillation des Schwingspiegels (9) in zeitlicher Abfolge erfaßt werden.1. Device for measuring axis or bearing temperatures for locating hot runners or overheated brakes in rolling rail traffic, in which the infrared rays of the measuring points are directed via an oscillating oscillating mirror (9) to an infrared receiver (8), with infrared rays being emitted transversely to the longitudinal direction of the rail in the scanning plane defined by the oscillation of the oscillating mirror (9), characterized in that within the scanning plane at least two deflecting mirrors (1, 2) are arranged at a distance (a) from one another transversely to the longitudinal direction of the rail, the deflected infrared rays corresponding to the oscillation of the Vibration level (9) can be recorded in chronological order.
2 . Einrichtung nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß die Umlenkspiegel ( 1 , 2 ) als um eine normal zur Spiegelebene stehende Achse rotierende Umlenkspiegel ( 1 , 2 ) ausgebildet sind.2nd Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the deflecting mirrors (1, 2) are designed as deflecting mirrors (1, 2) rotating about an axis normal to the mirror plane.
3. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Ebenen der Spiegeloberflächen der Umlenkspiegel (1,2) im wesentlichen parallel zueinander angeordnet sind.3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the planes of the mirror surfaces of the deflecting mirror (1,2) are arranged substantially parallel to each other.
4. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Umlenkspiegel (1,2) in zur Fahrebene bzw. relativ zu der durch die Schienenschwellen aufgespannten Ebene unterschiedlicher Höhe bzw. unterschiedlichen Vertikalabstand angeordnet sind.4. Device according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the deflecting mirrors (1, 2) are arranged in different heights or different vertical distances from the plane of travel or relative to the plane spanned by the rail sleepers.
5. Einrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die rotierenden Umlenkspiegel (1,2) innerhalb einer hohlen Schwelle (11) angeordnet sind und daß die Schwelle (11) in vertikaler Richtung oberhalb der jeweiligen Spiegel (1,2) Durchbrechungen bzw. Fenster (12,13) für den Durchtritt von Infrarotstrahlen aufweist. 5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the rotating deflecting mirror (1,2) are arranged within a hollow threshold (11) and that the threshold (11) in the vertical direction above the respective mirror (1,2 ) Has openings or windows (12, 13) for the passage of infrared rays.
6. Einrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die optische Achse (4) der Eintrittslinse (5) des den oszillierenden Schwmgspiegel (9) und den Infra- rotempfanger (8) enthaltenden Detektors (3) im wesentlichen parallel zur Fahrebene verlauft.6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the optical axis (4) of the entrance lens (5) of the oscillating Schwmgspiegel (9) and the infrared receiver (8) containing detector (3) substantially parallel to Drive level runs.
7. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Ebenen der Umlenkspiegel (1,2) etwa 45° zur Fahrebene geneigt angeordnet sind.7. Device according to claim 6, characterized in that the planes of the deflecting mirror (1,2) are arranged inclined approximately 45 ° to the driving plane.
8. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die optische Achse (4) der Eintrittslinse (5) des Detektors (3) innerhalb der hohlen Schwelle (11) m Schwellenlangs- richtung axial oder achsparallel angeordnet ist.8. Device according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the optical axis (4) of the entrance lens (5) of the detector (3) is arranged axially or axially parallel within the hollow threshold (11) m longitudinal direction of the threshold.
9. Einrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Umlenkspiegel (1,2) jeweils unterhalb der zu erfassenden Meßstellen angeordnet sind.9. Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the deflecting mirrors (1,2) are each arranged below the measuring points to be detected.
10. Einrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die rotierenden Umlenkspiegel (1,2) innerhalb der Vertikalprojektion der jeweiligen Meßfläche angeordnet sind.10. Device according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the rotating deflecting mirror (1,2) are arranged within the vertical projection of the respective measuring surface.
11. Einrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Umlenkspiegel als konvexe oder konkave Umlenkspiegel ausgebildet sind. 11. Device according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the deflecting mirrors are designed as convex or concave deflecting mirrors.
EP00967415A 1999-10-19 2000-10-09 Device for measuring the temperatures of axles or bearings for locating hot-boxes or overheated brakes in rolling stock Expired - Lifetime EP1222099B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT176999 1999-10-19
AT0176999A AT408092B (en) 1999-10-19 1999-10-19 DEVICE FOR MEASURING AXLE OR STORAGE TEMPERATURES FOR LOCATING HOT RUNNERS OR OVERHEATED BRAKES IN ROLLING RAILWAY TRAFFIC
PCT/AT2000/000262 WO2001028838A1 (en) 1999-10-19 2000-10-09 Device for measuring the temperatures of axles or bearings for locating hot-boxes or overheated brakes in rolling stock

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EP1222099A1 true EP1222099A1 (en) 2002-07-17
EP1222099B1 EP1222099B1 (en) 2003-05-21

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CN (1) CN1283509C (en)
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DE (1) DE50002291D1 (en)
DK (1) DK1222099T3 (en)
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DE50002291D1 (en) 2003-06-26
CN1379720A (en) 2002-11-13
PL354198A1 (en) 2003-12-29
AT408092B (en) 2001-08-27
ATE240862T1 (en) 2003-06-15
AU7761500A (en) 2001-04-30
HUP0203073A3 (en) 2003-04-28
ATA176999A (en) 2001-01-15
US6695472B1 (en) 2004-02-24
DK1222099T3 (en) 2003-09-22
HU225351B1 (en) 2006-10-28
EP1222099B1 (en) 2003-05-21
HUP0203073A2 (en) 2003-01-28
CA2386409A1 (en) 2001-04-26
CN1283509C (en) 2006-11-08
CA2386409C (en) 2007-05-01
WO2001028838A1 (en) 2001-04-26

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