EP1221763A2 - Méthode d'optimisation des paramètres de performance pour une machine à reluctance commutée - Google Patents

Méthode d'optimisation des paramètres de performance pour une machine à reluctance commutée Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1221763A2
EP1221763A2 EP01204858A EP01204858A EP1221763A2 EP 1221763 A2 EP1221763 A2 EP 1221763A2 EP 01204858 A EP01204858 A EP 01204858A EP 01204858 A EP01204858 A EP 01204858A EP 1221763 A2 EP1221763 A2 EP 1221763A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
parameters
motor
torque
falling
drive efficiency
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EP01204858A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1221763A3 (fr
Inventor
Avoki M. Omekanda
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Delphi Technologies Inc
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Delphi Technologies Inc
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Publication of EP1221763A2 publication Critical patent/EP1221763A2/fr
Publication of EP1221763A3 publication Critical patent/EP1221763A3/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
    • H02P25/02—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the kind of motor
    • H02P25/08—Reluctance motors
    • H02P25/098—Arrangements for reducing torque ripple

Definitions

  • the present invention pertains to the optimization of switched reluctance (SR) machines by determining various performance parameters and analyzing those parameters to optimize the operation of the machine.
  • SR switched reluctance
  • a switched reluctance (SR) motor comprises a ring shaped stator that has a plurality of pole positions defined by wire coils and disposed in a circular arrangement, a rotor disposed rotatably in an inner space defined by the stator having pole protrusions that face the pole portions of the stator.
  • the rotor is an iron core formed by stacking iron plates.
  • Switched reluctance motors generate torque by utilizing a magnetic attractive force that acts between the rotor and the stator when the coils are magnetized.
  • Conventional SR motors normally suffer vibration problems.
  • the magnetic attractive force acting between the stator and the rotor is generally circumferential in direction and quickly increases as the rotor rotates during a cycle of the electric current distribution (to selected coils) and then abruptly terminates at the time of switching the current distribution (to other coils). This on - off cycle of magnetic attractive force causes the rotor and the stator to vibrate in generally circumferential directions. See U.S. Patent 5,747,912.
  • a conventional switched reluctance motor is shown in Figure 32 of U.S. Patent 5,880,549 which comprises a four pole rotor where in each of the poles protrudes cross-wisely around the rotating shaft and a six-pole stator arranged around the rotor, each of the protruding poles of the stator having a concentrating winding.
  • the current passes through the winding is unidirectional and includes a distorted wave current and direct current component.
  • Described is a method of optimizing performance parameters of a switched reluctance motor comprising ascertaining the parameters of at least three objectives of the motor, each as a function of at least one parameter.
  • Described is a method of optimizing performance parameters of a switched reluctance motor comprising ascertaining the parameters of at least three objectives of the motor selected from the group consisting of firing angles, power on the shaft of the motor, drive efficiency, torque ripple coefficient, output torque, torque per rms (root-mean-square) current per cycle, torque per mean ampere, energy consumption, phase target current level, hysteresis band size, duty cycle, DC voltage and zero-volt control loop, and the like;
  • This invention presents a new technique for the search of optimum control parameters of a switched reluctance drive.
  • the firing angles (turn-on and turn-off) are chosen that achieve high drive efficiency with lowest torque ripple in the entire Torque (Power)-Speed operation of a Switched Reluctance Motor drive.
  • the technique is based on mapping performance quantities as functions of turn-on and turn-off angles at each selected motor speed.
  • the bounds of the control angles are functions of geometrical parameters of the SR motor (SRM). For a given mechanical output required from a given SRM drive (torque, speed), there are several possible sets of control parameters. But for each of these sets of parameters, the efficiencies, the shaft torque waveforms (torque ripple) and other performance quantities will vary.
  • the new Technique is based on the following principles:
  • This invention provides a new technique for the search of optimum firing angles (turn-on and turn-off) achieving high drive efficiency with lowest torque ripple in the entire Torque (Power)-Speed operation plane of a Switched Reluctance Motor drive.
  • the technique is based on mapping performance qualities as functions of turn-on and turn-off angles at each selected motor speed (See Figs.).
  • the bounds of the control angles are functions of geometrical parameters of the SR motor. For a given mechanical output required from a given SRM drive (torque, speed), there are several possible sets of control parameters. But for each of these sets of parameters, the efficiencies, the shaft torque waveforms (torque ripple) and other performance qualities will vary.
  • the present invention shows how to best select among many firing angles that provide the desired output power (62 kW in this example). Assume, for instance, that efficiency and torque ripple are important for that particular application. These two parameters, efficiency and torque ripple, are calculated for each operating point represented on the 3-D contour shown on Fig. 1A. The values of efficiency and torque ripple (the latter being represented by a so-called Torque Ripple Coefficient defined latter) for every point on the 3-D contour and then projected onto a 2-D plan as map of isovalues. Fig. 1B shows such projections for the torque ripple coefficient. The 62-kW points are also shown as a dotted line. Points inside the 62-kW line correspond in this case to power levels larger than 62 kW, and were projected downward to produce this plot. Likewise points outside the 62-kW line correspond to power levels smaller than 62 Kw, and were projected upward. Fig. 1C is similar, with drive efficiency data.
  • a subsequent step in choosing operating parameters consists of superposing the various desirable 2-D maps.
  • Fig. 1D in this example superimposes the maps plotted as Fig. 1B and 1C. It also includes the 62-kW power level as a broken line.
  • the points between points R and Q on the 62-kW line by contrast, generate the same power but with an efficiency of more than 96% and a torque ripple coefficient between 75% and 100%.
  • the chosen operating point should be chosen between points R and Q.
  • R and Q may be performed by fine tuning the plot to target, for instance, the highest possible efficiency on that segment.
  • an additional map of isovalues may be superimposed on top of the present two, for instance to minimize the phase target current level.
  • the Mechanical Output Map on Fig. 1A shows that a multitude of combinations of turn-on and turn-off angles can engender 62 kW out of the considered motor.
  • Fig. 1D shows also that the considered SRM drive can deliver more than 62 kW at 16200 rpm with a torque ripple content less than 75%. Such operating point is illustrated by point S on Fig. 1D.
  • the method can be used to optimize a drive in any number of ways. For instance, if a specification calls for a torque ripple coefficient of at most 75%, the 3-D map shown in Fig. 1A would now plot torque ripple coefficient on the z-axis (instead of power on the shaft as shown on the figure). Plots of, for instance, isovalues of power and isovalues of efficiency would then be drawn in order to, say, maximize output power and efficiency at the desired level of at the most 75% torque ripple coefficient.
  • control parameters such as turn-on and turn-off angles
  • Other control parameters such as phase current target level or zero-voltage control loop (defined later) were kept constant during the calculations leading to the plotting of Fig. 1A, B and C. If it is desirable to include another parameter, say, phase current target level, along with turn-on and turn-off angles, the present method can be used as follows.
  • a first option consists of building a 4-D map of power versus turn-on angle, turn-off angle and phase current target level. Such a 4-D map could not be visualized but could be used by known mathematical algorithms to search for optimum. This method, sometimes, however, yields a local optimum.
  • a second option is to draw three maps like the Fig. 1D map, plotting isovalues in terms of (turn-on; turn-off); (turn-on; phase current), (turn-off; phase current), and using the three plots to visually choose the optimum.
  • This technique was successfully used off-line for determining optimum firing angles in two SRM drive prototypes intended for Electric Vehicle Propulsion.
  • firing angles is meant: the turn-on angle and turn-off angle (see Figure 2A).
  • Turn-on angle is the value of rotor position at which a machine phase is energized. At this position, a positive value of voltage is applied across a machine phase winding (Fig. A).
  • power on the shaft is meant: the mechanical power on the machine shaft. It means the product "Average torque x speed”.
  • the average torque is the average value of the motor instantaneous torque over the machine angular period of operation (Fig. 2B). For a switched reluctance machine, the angular period equals to the rotor pole pitch (360 degrees divided by the number of rotor poles).
  • drive efficiency is meant: the ratio Power on the shaft / Electrical power feeding the drive .
  • the electrical power feeding the drive equals the product of DC voltage applied to the drive time the average value of the electrical current absorbed by the drive.
  • the drive efficiency is the reverse of the above.
  • output torque is meant: the average torque on the motor shaft.
  • torque per mean ampere is meant: the ratio Average torque / Phase mean current.
  • a phase mean current is the average value of the phase instantaneous current over an angular period of operation.
  • energy consumption is meant: electrical power ( voltage x current) consumed by the drive over the operation time (for an SR machine working as a motor).
  • phase target current level is meant: the value of maximum current that can be reached into a motor phase.
  • the machine is in a Single Pulse mode of operation (Fig. 2A-2B). If the current tends to go over the target current level (this can happen only when the rotor position is in between the turn-on angle and the turn-off angle), the machine enters a Current Control mode of operation (Fig. 1C).
  • hysteresis band size is meant: the interval in which the electrical current flowing into a motor phase is maintained during a current control mode of operation (Fig. 2C).
  • duty cycle is meant: the coefficient of reduction of a DC voltage due to a voltage chopping.
  • zero volt control loop is meant: the angular interval in which the applied voltage in a motor phase equals to zero volt (Fig. 2A).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Electric Motors In General (AREA)
EP01204858A 2001-01-09 2001-12-12 Méthode d'optimisation des paramètres de performance pour une machine à reluctance commutée Withdrawn EP1221763A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US09/757,040 US6593720B2 (en) 2001-01-09 2001-01-09 Method of optimizing performance parameters of a switched reluctance motor
US757040 2001-01-09

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1221763A2 true EP1221763A2 (fr) 2002-07-10
EP1221763A3 EP1221763A3 (fr) 2004-12-22

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EP01204858A Withdrawn EP1221763A3 (fr) 2001-01-09 2001-12-12 Méthode d'optimisation des paramètres de performance pour une machine à reluctance commutée

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EP (1) EP1221763A3 (fr)

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010026270A1 (fr) * 2008-09-08 2010-03-11 Universitat Politecnica De Catalunya Procédé de détermination de paramètres de construction optimaux applicable à un moteur linéaire à réluctance commutée
GB2469135A (en) * 2009-04-04 2010-10-06 Dyson Technology Ltd Controlling an electric machine using power maps
US8373371B2 (en) 2009-04-04 2013-02-12 Dyson Technology Limited Control of an electric machine
US8432114B2 (en) 2009-04-04 2013-04-30 Dyson Technology Limited High-speed electric system
US8474095B2 (en) 2009-04-04 2013-07-02 Dyson Tehcnology Limited Constant-power electric system
US8487569B2 (en) 2009-04-04 2013-07-16 Dyson Technology Limited Control of an electric machine
US8561253B2 (en) 2009-04-04 2013-10-22 Dyson Technology Limited Control of an electric machine
US8604729B2 (en) 2009-04-04 2013-12-10 Dyson Technology Limited Control of a permanent-magnet motor
US8614557B2 (en) 2009-04-04 2013-12-24 Dyson Technology Limited Control of an electric machine
US8710778B2 (en) 2009-04-04 2014-04-29 Dyson Technology Limited Control of an electric machine
CN106407559A (zh) * 2016-09-19 2017-02-15 湖南科技大学 开关磁阻电机结构参数优化方法及装置
US9742319B2 (en) 2009-04-04 2017-08-22 Dyson Technology Limited Current controller for an electric machine
US9742318B2 (en) 2009-04-04 2017-08-22 Dyson Technology Limited Control of an electric machine
CN108768241A (zh) * 2018-06-22 2018-11-06 淮北思尔德电机有限责任公司 一种开关磁阻电机系统效率优化控制方法

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EP1256164A2 (fr) * 2000-02-09 2002-11-13 Dana Corporation Procede d'exploitation d'un generateur electrique commute a reaction
US7042189B2 (en) * 2002-04-30 2006-05-09 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Controlling an electric motor
CN100342640C (zh) * 2003-02-14 2007-10-10 株式会社美姿把 马达控制方法及马达控制装置
US6801012B1 (en) * 2003-03-31 2004-10-05 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Sensorless control of switched reluctance electric machines
US6982537B2 (en) * 2003-03-31 2006-01-03 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Identification of parameters for switched reluctance electric machines
US7071659B1 (en) * 2004-01-23 2006-07-04 Dana Corporation Closed loop control of excitation parameters for high speed switched-reluctance generators
GB2410847A (en) * 2004-02-05 2005-08-10 Dyson Ltd Control of motor winding energisation according to rotor angle
DE102007013724A1 (de) * 2007-03-22 2008-09-25 Vorwerk & Co. Interholding Gmbh Verfahren zur Steuerung eines Reluktanzmotors
US10574116B2 (en) * 2018-04-24 2020-02-25 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Starter including a switched reluctance electric motor

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CHUANG, T.Y.; LIEU, D.K.;: "Optimized current waveforms for switched reluctance motors" ELECTRICAL INSULATION CONFERENCE AND ELECTRICAL MANUFACTURING & COIL WINDING CONFERENCE, 1999, 26 October 1999 (1999-10-26), - 28 October 1999 (1999-10-28) pages 441-445, XP002271069 *
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Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2351638A1 (es) * 2008-09-08 2011-02-09 Universitat Politecnica De Catalunya Metodo para determinacion de parametros constructivos optimos aplicable a un motor lineal de reluctancia conmutada.
WO2010026270A1 (fr) * 2008-09-08 2010-03-11 Universitat Politecnica De Catalunya Procédé de détermination de paramètres de construction optimaux applicable à un moteur linéaire à réluctance commutée
US8614557B2 (en) 2009-04-04 2013-12-24 Dyson Technology Limited Control of an electric machine
US8710778B2 (en) 2009-04-04 2014-04-29 Dyson Technology Limited Control of an electric machine
US8432114B2 (en) 2009-04-04 2013-04-30 Dyson Technology Limited High-speed electric system
US8474095B2 (en) 2009-04-04 2013-07-02 Dyson Tehcnology Limited Constant-power electric system
US8487569B2 (en) 2009-04-04 2013-07-16 Dyson Technology Limited Control of an electric machine
US8561253B2 (en) 2009-04-04 2013-10-22 Dyson Technology Limited Control of an electric machine
GB2469135B (en) * 2009-04-04 2013-11-06 Dyson Technology Ltd Power tuning an electric system
US8604729B2 (en) 2009-04-04 2013-12-10 Dyson Technology Limited Control of a permanent-magnet motor
GB2469135A (en) * 2009-04-04 2010-10-06 Dyson Technology Ltd Controlling an electric machine using power maps
US8373371B2 (en) 2009-04-04 2013-02-12 Dyson Technology Limited Control of an electric machine
US8736200B2 (en) 2009-04-04 2014-05-27 Dyson Technology Limited Power tuning an electric system
EP2237411A3 (fr) * 2009-04-04 2014-11-12 Dyson Technology Limited Réglage de la puissance d'un système électrique
US9742318B2 (en) 2009-04-04 2017-08-22 Dyson Technology Limited Control of an electric machine
US9742319B2 (en) 2009-04-04 2017-08-22 Dyson Technology Limited Current controller for an electric machine
CN106407559A (zh) * 2016-09-19 2017-02-15 湖南科技大学 开关磁阻电机结构参数优化方法及装置
CN106407559B (zh) * 2016-09-19 2019-06-04 湖南科技大学 开关磁阻电机结构参数优化方法及装置
CN108768241A (zh) * 2018-06-22 2018-11-06 淮北思尔德电机有限责任公司 一种开关磁阻电机系统效率优化控制方法
CN108768241B (zh) * 2018-06-22 2021-09-07 淮北思尔德电机有限责任公司 一种开关磁阻电机系统效率优化控制方法

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US20020121876A1 (en) 2002-09-05
EP1221763A3 (fr) 2004-12-22
US6593720B2 (en) 2003-07-15

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