EP1216058A2 - Procede destine a reduire la transformation polymorphique d'un medicament - Google Patents

Procede destine a reduire la transformation polymorphique d'un medicament

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Publication number
EP1216058A2
EP1216058A2 EP00973370A EP00973370A EP1216058A2 EP 1216058 A2 EP1216058 A2 EP 1216058A2 EP 00973370 A EP00973370 A EP 00973370A EP 00973370 A EP00973370 A EP 00973370A EP 1216058 A2 EP1216058 A2 EP 1216058A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
drug
poly
composition
molecular weight
polymorphic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP00973370A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Padmaja Shivanand
Atul D. Ayer
Susan M. Marks
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alza Corp
Original Assignee
Alza Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alza Corp filed Critical Alza Corp
Publication of EP1216058A2 publication Critical patent/EP1216058A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0002—Galenical forms characterised by the drug release technique; Application systems commanded by energy
    • A61K9/0004—Osmotic delivery systems; Sustained release driven by osmosis, thermal energy or gas
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
    • A61K9/16—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
    • A61K9/1605—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/1629—Organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K9/1635—Organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyvinyl pyrrolidone, poly(meth)acrylates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
    • A61K9/16—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
    • A61K9/1605—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/1629—Organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K9/1641—Organic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyethylene glycol, poloxamers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
    • A61K9/16—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
    • A61K9/1605—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/1629—Organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K9/1652—Polysaccharides, e.g. alginate, cellulose derivatives; Cyclodextrin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
    • A61K9/16—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
    • A61K9/1605—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/1629—Organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K9/1658—Proteins, e.g. albumin, gelatin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A61K9/2004—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/2022—Organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K9/2027—Organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyvinyl pyrrolidone, poly(meth)acrylates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A61K9/2004—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/2022—Organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K9/2031—Organic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyethylene glycol, polyethylene oxide, poloxamers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A61K9/2004—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/2022—Organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K9/205—Polysaccharides, e.g. alginate, gums; Cyclodextrin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A61K9/2004—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/2022—Organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K9/2063—Proteins, e.g. gelatin

Definitions

  • This invention pertains to a novel composition and process for maintaining a drug in a preferred therapeutic form. More particularly, the present invention pertains to a composition, method of administration and process for substantially lessening the conversion of a drug from one polymorphic form to a different polymorphic form.
  • solubilities of drug in the gastrointestinal environment is a rate-limiting step in drug absorption.
  • solubilities associated with various polymorphic forms can exhibit an increase or a decrease in the drug's therapeutic effect. This can lead to uncertainty in therapy, in the absence of knowing the drug is administered to the patient in the desired polymorphic form.
  • the invention comprises a therapeutic composition
  • a therapeutic composition comprising a polymorphic drug in a preselected morphological form and a stabilizing pharmaceutically-acceptable excipient maintaining greater than 90% of the drug in the desired morphological form prior to and during delivery of the drug to the environment of use.
  • the excipient may a polymer
  • the pre-selected morphological form may be amorphorous or crystalline.
  • the composition may be formed as a granule and may optionally comprise a binder and/or a solubility regulating agent. The solubility regulating agent may control the pH of the composition.
  • the composition may be formed as a granule by a wet or dry granulation process.
  • the composition may be formed as an aggregate of granules, such as in a tablet by compression or in a capsule containing the granules.
  • the invention comprises a method for maintaining a pre-selected morphological form of a polymorphic drug in a therapeutic composition which comprises granulating the drug in its pre-selected morphological form with a pharmaceutically-acceptable excipient.
  • the excipient may be a polymer, and the polymer may be selected from the group consisting of poly(olefin), poly(vinyl), poly(carbohyate) and poly(peptide) polymers.
  • the method may optionally include granulation with a binder and/or a solubility regulating agent that may also control the pH of the granule. Granulation may occur as a wet granulation process or a dry granulation process.
  • the composition may be formed as an aggregate of granules, such as in a tablet by compression or in a capsule containing the granules.
  • the invention comprises a method of administering a drug to an environment of use comprising a patient, wherein the method comprises administering the drug from a dosage form comprising the drug and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient that substantially keeps the drug in a pre-selected morphological form and delivers the drug at a controlled rate that correlates with the dissolution rate of the drug when in the environment of use.
  • the method may comprise administering the dose of drug from a dosage form comprising granules of the drug and a pharmaceutically acceptable polymer that substantially maintains the drug in a pre-selected morphological form, the dosage for optionally comprising one or more binders or solubility regulating agents
  • the dose of drug may be formed an aggregate of granules in tablet or capsule form
  • FIG. 1 is a graphical representation of the cumulative amount of drug dissolved and released as a function of time from a representative composition of the invention
  • Figure 2 is a graphical representation of the cumulative amount of drug released as a function of time from a representative composition of the invention prepared in accordance with Example 5,
  • Figure 3 is a graphical representation of the cumulative amount of drug dissolved as a function of time from a representative composition of the invention prepared in accordance with Example 5,
  • Figure 4 is a graphical representation of the cumulative amount of drug released as a function of time from a representative composition of the invention prepared in accordance with Example 6
  • Figure 5 is a graphical representation of the cumulative amount of drug dissolved as a function of time from a representative composition of the invention prepared in accordance with Example 6, and
  • Figure 6 is a graphical representation of the cumulative amount of drug released as a function of time from a representative composition of the invention prepared in accordance with Example 7
  • the present invention has unexpectedly discovered the sciences of pharmacy and medicine and their accompanying therapy can be advanced by providing a composition and process for substantially lessening the polymorphic conversion of a drug
  • the therapeutic compositions of the invention comprise a polymorphic drug in a preselected morphological form and a pharmaceutically-acceptable stabilizing excipient maintaining greater than 90% of the drug in the desired morphological form prior to and during delivery of the drug to the environment of use.
  • the excipient may a polymer, and the pre-selected morphological form may be amorphorous or crystalline.
  • the composition may be formed as a granule and may optionally comprise a binder and/or a solubility regulating agent.
  • the solubility regulating agent may control the pH of the composition.
  • the composition may be formed as a granule by a wet or dry granulation process.
  • the composition may be formed as an aggregate of granules, such as in the form of a tablet by compression using conventional techniques or as a capsule in which the granules are contained.
  • the process generally comprises granulating the drug with a polymer and with optional excipients to provide a formulation that substantially lessens conversion of one morphological form of a polymorphic drug to another morphological form.
  • lessening as used herein includes inhibiting and it denotes substantially keeping greater than 90% of the drug in the polymorphic form in the dosage form. Often greater than 95% of the drug will be maintained in a pre-selected polymorphic form.
  • a "polymorphic drug” means a drug that may exist in one or more crystalline and/or one or more amorphous forms.
  • a polymorphic drug may have multiple crystalline forms; or it may have a simple crystalline form and an amorphous form; or it may have multiple crystalline forms and an amorphous form; and so on.
  • a "polymorphic form,” “polymorph” or “morphological form,” as used with respect to a drug means a single form of the drug selected from the multitude of polymorphic forms in which the drug may exist.
  • the process comprises a granulation technique.
  • Granulation is a process of size enlargement. In a granulation process, small particles are gathered into larger aggregates in which the original particles can still be identified. Granulation can be divided into a dry method, wherein no liquid is used for the aggregation, or into a wet method wherein a liquid is used for granule agglomeration of powder particles followed by a drying process.
  • the wet granulation technique for example, the drug and other ingredients comprising composition are blended using a solvent, such as an organic solvent, or a cosolvent such an organic-aqueous solvent like ethyl alcohol-water, 98:2 V:V (volume:volume) as the granulation fluid.
  • granulating fluid such as denatured alcohol 100% can be used for this purpose.
  • the ingredients forming the drug composition are individually passed through a mesh screen, such as a U.S. Sieve Series screen, and then thoroughly blended in a mixer.
  • Other ingredients comprising the drug composition are dissolved in a portion of the granulating fluid, such as the solvent or cosolvent described above.
  • the latter prepared wet blend is produced, which wet mass is next forced through a mesh screen onto oven trays.
  • the blend is dried for 18 to 24 hours at 30° - 50°C.
  • the dry granules are then sized with a mesh screen.
  • a lubricant is screened and added to the dry screened granule blend.
  • the granulation is placed into a blender and blended for up to 15 minutes. Additional compositions are made by the same granulation techniques, consisting in suspending and tumbling the granule-composition in a current of air with a coating that forms a membrane that surrounds the drug granulation.
  • Drug granulations used for the present invention comprise roller compactions and slugging, and granulation by extrusion and globulation can be used additionally for producing granules or pellets for controlled release dosage forms.
  • powder particles are aggregated under high pressure and aggregate because of bonding forces established by the direct contact between solid surfaces.
  • the high pressure serves to improve the contact area between the surface and thus the overall bonding strength.
  • a binding agent can be added to the powder mix.
  • Polymeric binders form bridges between the particles and contribute thereby to the strength of the composition.
  • Dry granulation does not utilize heat or moisture, and therefore has application where heat-or moisture-sensitive powders are processed alternatively, a wet granulation process may be used.
  • the advantages of using wet or dry granulation to maintain a drug in a chosen polymorphic form additionally include improving the flow properties and hence the mass uniformity of a dose of drug, to lessen the incidence of segregation of the drug and other ingredients in a granulation, to improve the manufacturing characteristics of a granulation, to enhance the solubility of a polymorphic form of a poorly water soluble drug by granulating the drug with a polymer, and to keep certain drugs in an amorphous form to enhance the solubility and the bioavailability compared to the crystalline form of the drug.
  • the amount of a polymer used for homogenously blending with a drug to provide the granule dose of drug is 10 ng to 100 mg.
  • the granulation processes used by the invention produce granules with a size distribution in the range of 0.1 mm to 3.0 mm. Techniques for granulation are reported in Encyclopedia of Pharmaceutical Technology, Vol. 7, pp 121 -160, (1960), published by Marcel Dekker, Inc; Pharmaceutical Sciences, Remington, 17 th Ed, pp 1610-1615, (1985), published by Mack Publishing Co., air suspension procedures are described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,799,241 ; J Amer Pharm Assoc , Vol 48, pp 451-454, (1979); and ibid., Vol.
  • compositions of the invention may be formed into aggregates of granules, such as tablets formed by compression of the granules or capsules containing the granules. Such forms are convenient for administering the drug in its perselected polymorphic form, which will be throughout the tablet or capsule, as the case may be.
  • drugs that possess polymorphic forms comprise a member selected from the group consisting of acetamide, acetaminophen, amitriptyline, amobarbitol, amiperone, amcinonide, apronalide, acemetacin, amisometradine, betamethasone acetate, bupicomide, buspirone, bentiromide, biotiizolam, benoxaprofen, bupranolol hydrochloride, butoxycaine hydrochloride, butyrophenone, bolandiol dipropionate, benzocaine picrate, cephalexin, chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride, carazolal, chlorpropamide, codeine, clomipramine hydrochloride, clominorex, dimethoxanate hydrochloride, diphenidol, dobutamine hydrochloride, erythromycin, enitabas, ethinyl estradiol,
  • the dose of polymorphic drug blended with a polymer and/or other granule forming ingredients is 10 ng (nanogram) to 40 mg (milligram) per granule.
  • Polymorphic drugs are known in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing, pp 35-42, Feb. (1986); Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm., Vol. 13 (15) pp 2749-2769, (1987); Pharmacy International, pp 233-237, Sept. (1986); Pharmaceutical
  • Representative of pharmaceutically-acceptable polymers for granulating a drug to maintain the drug substantially in a dispensable form comprise a pharmaceutically acceptable polymer selected from the group consisting of a poly(olefin), poly(vinyl), poly(carbohydrate), poly(peptide), poly(addition), poly(condensation), and poly(erodible) polymer.
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable polymer selected from the group consisting of a poly(olefin), poly(vinyl), poly(carbohydrate), poly(peptide), poly(addition), poly(condensation), and poly(erodible) polymer.
  • poly(addition) refers to polymers prepared by addition polymerization processes
  • poly(condensation) refers to polymers prepared by condensation polymerization.
  • poly(erodible) refers to polymers that erode in the environment of use, namely the gastrointestinal tract.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable polymers are selected from the group consisting of poly(alkylene oxide) possessing a 10,000 to 5,250,000 weight average molecular weight, exemplified by poly(ethylene oxide) of 100,000 molecular weight, poly(ethylene oxide) of 200,000 molecular weight, poly(ethylene oxide) of 300,000 molecular weight, poly(ethylene oxide) of 400,000 molecular weight, poly(propylene oxide) of 600,000 molecular weight, copoly(ethylene-propylene oxide) of 1 ,250,000 molecular weight; carboxyalkylcellulose, comprising alkali carboxyalkylcellulose including sodium carboxymethylcellulose, potassium carboxymethylcellulose, and calcium carboxyethylcellulose, wherein the carboxyalkylcellulose possess a molecular weight of 10,000 to 2,750,000; poly(hydroxyalkyl methacrylate) of 5,000 to 5,000,000 molecular weight; poly(vinylpyrrolidone) of 10,000 to 360,000 molecular weight; polysaccharides such as agar, aca
  • the amount of polymer in the polymorphic granulation is 10 ng to 100 mg.
  • the polymers are known in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,865,108; 4,002,173; 4,207,893; 4,327,725; and 4,844,984; and in Handbook of Common Polymers, by Scott and Roff, published by Cleveland Ruther Company, Cleveland, Ohio.
  • the drug-polymer granule provided by the invention to substantially maintain, wherein substantially maintain denotes ninety percent or higher to 100% of the drug, in a preselected polymorphic form optimally comprises 10 ng to 20 mg of a binder.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable binders used for the purpose of this invention comprise a member selected from the group consisting of a 2,500 to 3,000,000 viscosity-average molecular weight poly(vinylpyrrolidone) polymer and copolymer thereof, such as a copolymer of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) with vinyl acetate, copolymer of polyvinylpyrrolidone with vinyl alcohol, copolymer of polyvinylpyrrolidone with vinyl chloride, copolymer of polyvinylpyrrolidone with vinyl fluoride, copolymer of polyvinylpyrrolidone with vinyl butyrate, copolymer of polyvinylpyrrolidone with vinyl laurate, and a copo
  • the binder can be selected from a hydroxypropylalkylcellulose of 9,200 to 225,000 number-average molecular weight wherein alkyl is one to seven carbon atoms, as selected from the group consisting of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, hydroxypropylethylcellulose, hydroxypropylbutylcellulose, and hydroxypropylpentylcellulose.
  • the binder may be present in the granule on the order of 10 ng to 200 mg per granule.
  • the binders impart cohesive qualities to the manufacture. Binders are known in Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients, Second Edition, by Wade and Weller, (1994), published by the American Pharmaceutical Association, Washington, D.C.
  • the polymorphic-drug granule may comprise a solubility regulating agent for increasing the concentration of drug and for and concomitantly regulating the pH of drug in a dispensed granule dose.
  • the regulating agent regulates the pH environment of the manufactured product. For poorly soluble drug in aqueous fluids that need an increase in solubility, an increased dose often can be delivered without the drug conversion to a different form.
  • the solubility regulating agents useful for this invention comprise a member selected from the group consisting of acidic and basic groups represented by tromethamine also known as tris(hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane; diethanolamine; glycineamide; triethanolamine; N-[tris-(hydroxymethyl)methyl] glycine; sodium acetate; sodium lactate; sodium glycocholate; sodium propionate; sodum butyrate; sodium glycocholate; glycocholate sodium phosphate; potassium phosphate monobasic; potassium biphthalate; boric acid; sodium borate; and sodium phosphate; acidic groups such as glycine, leucine, methionine, serine, and other acids to regulate a basic compound wherein the acid group is represented by adipic acid, succine acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, and malic acid.
  • tromethamine also known as tris(hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane
  • diethanolamine glycineamide
  • triethanolamine N-[
  • the amount of regulator when present in a granule composition is 10 ng to 200 mg per granule.
  • the regulating agents are disclosed in Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients, Second Edition, edited by Wade and Waller, (1994), published by American Pharmaceutical Association, Washington, D.C.
  • the drug-polymer polymorphic composition can be manufactured by a wet granulation technique, for example, the drug and the preselected polymer and/or additional ingredients comprising the drug-poiymer polymorphic composition are blended using a solvent, such as ethyl alcohol-water 98:2 V:V (volume:volume) as the granulation fluid. Other fluids, such as denatured alcohol 100%) can be used for this purpose.
  • the drug and other ingredients optionally are passed through a mesh screen, such as the U.S. Sieve Series Screen, and then blended thoroughly. Other ingredients are dissolved in a portion of the fluid, such as the cosolvent described above. Then, the latter- prepared wet blend is added slowly to the drug-polymer blend with mixing continually. The fluid is added until a wet blend is produced, which wet mass is forced through a mesh screen onto oven trays.
  • the polymorphic drug- polymer blend is dried for 15 to 24 hours at 20° to 50°C.
  • the dry polymorphic- drug blend are sized then with a mesh screen and formulated into a dosage form.
  • the polymorphic-drug polymer formulation can be provided by a dry- granulation method.
  • This method can be used when the ingredients possess inherent binding or cohesive properties, slugging may be used to form granules of polymorphic-drug polymer formulation.
  • This method is known in the formulation art as precompression, or the double-compression method.
  • This method comprises the conventional steps including weighing, mixing, slugging, dry screening, and dosage form formulation.
  • Prior art procedures for effecting these methods are disclosed in Pharmaceutical Sciences, by Remington, 17 th ed., pp 1610-1615, (1985), published by Mack Publishing Co., Easton, PA.
  • Exemplary solvents suitable for manufacturing the polymorphic-drug polymer complex and dosage form provided by this invention comprise inorganic and organic solvents.
  • the solvents include a member selected from the group consisting of aqueous, alcohol, ketone, ester, ether, aliphatic hydrocarbon, halogenated, cycoaliphatic, aromatic, heterocyclic solvents, and mixtures thereof.
  • Representative solvents comprise acetone, methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, butyl alcohol, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, n-butyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, n-hexane, m- heptane, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl acetate, methylene dichloride, ethylene dichloride, propylene dichloride, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, nitroethane, nitropropane, tetrachloroethane, ethyl ether, isopropyl ether, cyclohexane, cyclooctane, benzene, toluene, naptha, tetrahydrofuran, diglyme, aqueous and nonaqueous cosolvents, such as, acetone and water,
  • compositions of the invention may be formed into aggregates of granules, such as in the form of tablets or filled capsules prepared by conventional manufacturing process. Such dosage forms are convenient for administration of the drug which is distributed throughout the tablet or capsule in its pre-selected polymorphic form.
  • a dosage form is prepared for maintaining a drug in an amorphous polymorphic form as follows: first, a compositional binder solution is prepared by adding 7650 g of purified water into a solution vessel. Next, 1350 g of polyvinylpyrrolidone possessing a viscosity-average molecular weight of 40,000 is added slowly to the vessel, and the solution mixed gently for about 40 minutes to produce a homogenous solution.
  • a drug composition is prepared as follows: first, 2010 g of tromethamine, (2-amino-2-hydroxymethyl-1 , 3-propanediol) is passed through a 20 mesh screen, U.S. Sieve Series. Then, 60 g of colloidal silicon dioxide is passed through a 40 mesh screen. Then, 2400 g of sodium carboxymethylcellulose possessing a viscosity, measured by a Brookfield viscometer, at 25°C, of a 2% concentration between 25-45 cps, a degree of substitution of 0.70 - 0.80 mol, about 35,000 molecular weight, is placed into a plastic bag.
  • the 2010 g of tromethamine is added to the granulator bowl, followed by the triblend comprising the sodium carboxymethylcellulose, the polyvinylpyrrolidone and the colloidal silicon dioxide. Then, 6000 g of the binder solution is sprayed into the bowl at a rate of 80-125 ml/min. Then,
  • 3000 g of purified water is added to the granulation bowl. During spraying the air flow is maintained at 50 slpm (standard liters per minute). Also, during the granulation process, the binder solution is sprayed for 40 seconds, followed by shaking for 15 seconds. Next, the granulation is dried to obtain a moisture content of 5.0-7.5%. The granulation is passed through an 8 mesh screen into a laboratory mill. Then, 30 g of magnesium stearate is passed through a 40 mesh screen, added to the blend and blended for 2 minutes. The drug composition is pressed into dosage form tablets, comprising 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg, or 80 mg of the leukotriene-receptor antagonist zafirlukast indicated for the prophylaxis and chronic treatment of asthma in adult and children patients
  • a composition for use in a sustained-release dosage form is provided by first providing a composition possessing expandable kinetics
  • the composition is prepared as follows first, a binder solution is prepared by adding 9660 g of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose possessing a number-average molecular weight of 13,000 (5 cps) into a mixing vessel containing 133,400 g of purified water Next, 6900 g of hydroxypropylceliulose possessing a molecular weight of 80,000 is added to the mixing vessel This mixture is stirred until the ingredients dissolve in the water and to obtain a homogenous solution
  • granules for forming an expandable osmotic composition are prepared as follows first, 36,000 g of osmagent sodium chloride are milled in a grinder and passed through a 21 mesh screen Also, 600 g of red ferric oxide colorant is milled and passed through a 21 mesh screen Then, a granulator is heated to 40°C and 68,400 g of sodium carboxymethylcellulose possessing a viscosity at 25°C in a 1 % concentration of 3,000 to 4,000 cps, a degree of substitution of 0 8 to 0 9 mol, and a molecular weight of 300,000 is placed into the bowl of a granulator Then, the 36,000 g of milled sodium chloride is added to the granulator followed by 600 g of the colorant red ferric oxide, accompanied by granulation Next, 30,400 g of the binder solution is sprayed onto the powder bed at a rate of 1100 g/minute, during a processing temperature of
  • a pair of compositions, expressed as a bilayer core for use in a controlled-sustained release dosage form for oral administration is manufactured by compressing into layered arrangement the leukotriene- receptor antagonist zafirlukast and the expandable osmotic composition
  • the drug layer comprising the leukotriene-receptor antagonist zafirlukast composition and the expandable-push layer disclosed above comprising the expandable composition are compressed in a bilayer tablet press fitted with a 9 53 mm round cavity and concave punches and dies
  • the drug composition is filled into the first hopper attached to the bilayer tablet press, and the expandable composition is filled into the second hopper attached to the bilayer tablet press
  • the press automatically dispenses 242 mg of the drug composition into a die cavity which is tamped under a force of 80 lbs, (pounds)
  • 155 mg of the expandable composition is added to the die cavity and both the drug layer and the expandable layer are compressed under a force of 1800 lbs This process
  • a dosage form provided by the invention is prepared as follows: first, the bilayer core, described immediately above, is coated with a wall comprising a semipermeable composition as follows: a closed, mixing vessel is used to manufacture a mixing solution. The mixing vessel is purged with nitrogen. Then, 47,600 g of acetone is charged to the mixing vessel, and the vessel heated to 25°C to 30°C.
  • Poloxamer ® 188 a polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene glycol copolymer of the formula H0(C 2 H 4 0) a (C 3 H 6 0) b (C 2 H 4 0 2 ) a H wherein a equals 80 and b equals 27 having a average molecular weight between 7680 and 9510 is slowly added with stirring to the mixing vessel.
  • the Poloxamer and the acetone are mixed for 10 to 15 minutes.
  • 1979.1 g of cellulose acetate comprising an acetyl content of 39.8% is added to the mixing vessel.
  • the ingredients are mixed for 2 hours to produce a clear solution.
  • the bilayer cores are coated in a 24-inch perforated pan coater.
  • the coating pan is heated to an exhaust temperature of 40°C to 45°C. Then, 11 ,000 g of the bilayer compressed cores are placed into the pan coater. Then, the pan is rotated at 13 rotations per minute. Next, the wall-forming coating solution is sprayed onto the rotating cores at a rate of 110 ml/min from 2 spray guns. During the coating process, the air volume in the coater is maintained between 350 and 370 cfm, cubic feet per minute. The coating process is stopped when the desired amount of semipermeable wall-forming composition is sprayed onto the cores.
  • an aqueous sodium dodecyl sulfate, 1 %o (w/v) (weight/volume) solution is used as the dissolution media.
  • a dosage form prepared by this invention is placed into the dissolution media and the drug released by the dosage form into the dissolution media is sampled at a constant time interval over the time period of dissolution.
  • the filtered samples are assayed by a reversed high pressure liquid chromatography with detection by UV at 224 nm.
  • the concentration of the samples are measured against a standard curve containing at least five standard points.
  • the dissolution test indicates the zafirlukast remains in its amorphous state in the dissolution media.
  • the release rate of drug, zafirlukast, from a dosage form manufactured by this invention is ascertained by the following procedure.
  • the procedure comprises placing the dosage form in a solution, usually water, and taking aliquots of the release rate solution, followed by their injection into a chromatographic system to quantify the amount of drug released during specified test intervals.
  • the drug for example, zafirlukast, is resolved on a column and detected by UV absorption at 224 nm. Quantitation is performed by linear regression analysis of peak areas from a standard curve containing at least five standard points.
  • the release rate procedure comprises attaching a dosage form to a plastic rod with the orifice exposed to the drug receiving solution. Then, attaching the rod to a release rate arm, with the arm affixed to an up/down reciprocating shaker, which operates at an amplitude of about 3 cm and 2 seconds per cycle. Then, continuously immersing the dosage form in 50 ml test tubes containing 30 ml of H 2 0, equilibrated in a constant temperature water bath at 37°C ⁇ 0.5°C. Next, at the end of each interval, transfer the dosage form to the next row of new test tubes containing water. After the release pattern is complete, remove the tubes and allow the tubes to cool to room temperature, followed by filling the calibrated tubes to the 50 ml mark with acetone.
  • the dosage form prepared by the example comprises a drug layer comprising 80 mg of micronized, amorphous zafirlukast, 47.4 mg of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 62 mg of polyvinylpyrrolidone, 39.6 mg of tromethamine, 11 mg of water, 1.3 mg of colloidal silicon dioxide, and 0.6 mg of magnesium stearate; a push layer comprising 88.4 mg of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 46.5 mg of sodium chloride, 7.8 mg of hydroxypropylceliulose, 10.8 mg of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, 0.8 mg of red ferric oxide, and 0.8 mg of colloidal silicon dioxide; a wall comprising 26 mg of cellulose acetate comprising 39.8 acetyl content and 5 mg of surfactant Poloxamer 188; and, a 0.76 mm orifice.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates the average cumulative drug dissolved depicted by clear boxes and the average cumulative drug released, depicted by dark diamonds, over an extended period of 16 hours.
  • the graph illustrates zafirlukast is delivered by the dosage form without conversion to a crystalline monohydrate form, and the release rate and the dissolution rate are substantially the same, with dual scientific analysis confirming the disclosed and claimed invention unexpectedly lessens the incidence of the starting polymorph converting to a different polymorph. That is, the release rate and dissolution rate are substantially the same, indicting that the conversion of the amorphous polymorph to the crystalline polymorph is inhibited as seen by the solubility of the drug form.
  • Figure 2 depicts the cumulative percent of zafirlukast released versus time for the dosage form; and Figure 3 depicts the cumulative percent dissolved for zafirlukast versus time.
  • the semipermeable wall comprises 85% cellulose acetate with an acetyl content of 39 8% and 15% Poloxamer ® 188, a ethylene oxide-propylene oxide-ethylene oxide triblock copolymer available as Pluronic F68 from BASF Corporation, Mt. Olive, NJ. to provide a dosage form comprising the bilayer drug and push layers with a mean release rate of 10 51 mg/hr
  • Accompanying Figure 4 depicts the cumulative release rate percent over a time period of 20 hours from the dosage form
  • Accompanying Figure 5 depicts the cumulative percent of the drug dissolved versus time on release from a dosage form
  • a dosage form designed and shaped like an osmotic dosage form to deliver the crystalline form of zafirlukast is manufactured as follows: first, a drug layer comprising zafirlukast is made by passing 16.75 g of tromethamine through a 20 mesh screen. Next, 33 g of crystalline zafirlukast is added to a 500 ml beaker, then 20 g of polyvinylpyrrolidone with an average molecular weight of 40,000 is added to the beaker Next, 30 g of carboxymethylcellulose sodium, having an average molecular weight of 35,000 is added to the beaker.
  • the drug layer provided immediately above is added to a 10.32 mm die cavity and lightly tamped to yield the drug layer.
  • 140 mg of the expandable-push layer is placed in the same cavity and the two layers compressed under 1 ton of pressure to form a bilayer tablet.
  • the bilayered tablet is surrounded with a wall comprising a semipermeable polymeric composition by following the procedures set-forth above.
  • the wall- forming composition comprises 100% cellulose acetate possessing an acetyl content of 32.0%.
  • the wall-forming composition is dissolved in a mixture of acetone and water to provide a cosolvent ratio of 88:12 (v:v), with a solid composition of 5%.
  • the dosage form provided by this example exhibited an average release rate of 12 mg/hr for 16 hours.
  • the percent cumulative zafirlukast (crystalline) released for this osmotic dosage form is depicted in drawing Figure 6.
  • the dosage form comprised a 0.76 mm drug-releasing orifice.
  • EXAMPLE 8 A dosage form tablet designed and shaped for oral administration to a patient wherein the drug maintains its polymorphic form is manufactured as follows: first 16.75 g of tromethamine is passed through a 20 mesh screen. Then, 33 g of a drug selected from the group consisting of an analgesic, anti- inflammatory, antihypertensive, antibiotic, anesthetic, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antifungal, antiepileptic, antihistaminic, anticonvulsant, antiparkinson, antimalarial, antiparasitic, antiarthritic, cold-cough, cardioprotective, corticoid, central nervous system acting drugs, contraceptive, cardiovascular, diuretic, depressant, decongestant, dietary supplement, electrolyte, hypnotic, hormonal, hypoglycemic, gastrointestinal drugs, gonadotropins, leukotriene-receptor antagonist, minerals, muscle relaxant, muscle contractant, neoplastic modifiers, proteins,
  • osmagent sodium chloride is added to the beaker with mixing to produce a homogenous mass.
  • 30 g of osmagel poly(ethylene oxide) possessing a 100,000 molecular weight is added to the beaker and all the ingredients are mixed in the presence of anhydrous ethanol, to form granules.
  • the granules are dried at 25°C for 12 hours and then passed through a 20 mesh screen.
  • the granules are transferred to a glass jar, and, 0.25 g of magnesium stearate is added thereto, and the granules mixed to produce a therapeutic composition comprising the selected polymorphic drug.
  • the tablet core is enveloped with a wall composition comprising 90% cellulose acetate having an acetyl content of 32% and 10% polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of 3,350 dissolved in a solvent.
  • the solvent comprises acetone and water, 88:12, w wt, to effect a solid composition of the solution of 5%.
  • the coating temperature is 35°C to apply the semipermeable wall around the drug compositional core.
  • a 50 mil (1.27 mm) passageway is drilled through the semipermeable wall and the residual solvent is removed by drying at 45°C and 45% relative humidity in an oven for 48 hours. At the end of the drying, the humidity is turned off, and the dosage form dried at 45°C for an additional 4 hours to provide an elementary osmotic dosage form for orally administering the drug in its unchanged polymorphic form to a patient in need of therapy.
  • the addition of the dry ingredients is performed with the drug located between the two layers of poly(ethylene oxide).
  • the granulation process is initiated by the gradual addition of 3,200 g of ethyl alcohol with continuous mixing to the mixer. Mixing is continued over a period of 5 to 10 minutes to effect a consistency to change the dry powder to granules.
  • the wet granulation is dried at 40°C for 16 hours and then passed through a fluid air mill with a 7- mesh screen for size reduction. Next, the size-reduced granules are placed into a blender. Then, 60 g of magnesium stearate that is passed through a 60-mesh screen is added to the granulation, and all the ingredients mixed for 4 minutes.
  • This composition provides a drug, poly(ethylene oxide), polyvinylpyrrolidone, tromethamine, sorbitol, and magnesium stearate, useful for the therapy.
  • a composition possessing expandable kinetics is prepared as follows: first, a binder solution is prepared by adding 300 g of polyvinylpyrrolidone of 40,000 average-molecular weight to a mixer containing 2,700 g of water. Then, the mixture is stirred until the polyvinylpyrrolidone dissolves in the water and forms a clear binder solution.
  • the granules for forming an expandable, osmotic composition are prepared as follows: first, 7,370 g of poly(ethylene oxide) having an average- molecular weight of 7,000,000 is placed into the bowl of a fluid bed granulator. Then, 200 g of polyvinylpyrrolidone possessing an average-molecular weight of 40,000 is added to the granulator. Next, 2,000 g of sodium chloride and 100 g of red ferric oxide, which is milled using a 20-mesh screen are added to the granulator. The powder ingredients are fluidized for 3 minutes to produce a uniform mixing of the powders. Next, the binder solution is sprayed onto the powders at a solution spray rate of 50 g/min.
  • the process air flow is maintained at 500 cfm and the temperature maintained at 24°C.
  • the solution is sprayed for 30 seconds, followed by a shaking time of 10 seconds.
  • the granules are dried in the granulator for an additional 10 to 15 minutes to obtain a dry granulation.
  • the granules are passed through a fluid air mill with a 7-mesh screen for size reduction. The size reduced granules then are placed into a blender.
  • magnesium stearate previously screened through a 40-mesh screen
  • 5 g of powdered butylated hydroxytoluene, previously screened through a 60-mesh screen are added to the granules and mixed together to provide an osmotically expandable composition.
  • a bilayered core is manufactured by compressing in layered arrangement the drug composition and the osmotic, expandable composition described above as follows: first, 750 mg of the drug composition is added into the cavity of a 5/16-in. (8-mm) diameter, and then 300 mg of the osmotic expandable composition is placed into the die and the two compositions compressed into layered arrangement with 1 ton (2,000 lb.) of pressure. Next, a wall forming composition comprising 90% cellulose acetate having an acetyl content of 32% and 10% polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of 3,350 is dissolved in a solvent. The solvent comprises acetone and water, 88:12, w wt, to effect a solid composition of the solution of 5%.
  • the bilayer cores are placed into a 12-inch (30-cm) coating pan and the coating solution is sprayed onto the bilayer cores at a spray rate of 25 g/min.
  • the coating temperature is 35°C to apply 140 mg of the semipermeable wall around and in contact with the bilayer core.
  • a 50-mil (1.27 mm) passageway is drilled through the semipermeable wall into the drug side of the dosage form. The residual solvent is removed by drying at 45°C and 45% relative humidity in an oven for 48 hours.
  • the humidity is turned off and the dosage 5 forms are dried at 45°C for an additional 4 hours, to provide an osmotic dosage form for orally administering a controlled, sustained delivery of the polymorphic drug over thirty-hours of therapy.
  • the mode and the manner of the invention comprises applying the invention in a plurality of embodiments.
  • the applications comprise; (1 ) a composition and process for maintaining a therapeutic drug in a known, preselected polymorphic state selected from the group consisting of amorphous and crystalline by blending the therapeutic drug with a s pharmaceutically-acceptable excipient that keeps the therapeutic drug in the desired state; (2) a composition and process for maintaining a drug in a polymorphic form by blending the drug with a polymer, wherein the polymer member selected from the group consisting of poly(vinyl), poly(olefin), poly(addition), poly(condensation), poly(cellulose), and poly(erodible) that o provides the chemokinetics for maintaining the drug in the polymorphic form; (3) a process for lessening the conversion of a polymorphic drug to a different polymorphic form, wherein the process comprises blending the drug with a gastrointestinal administrable

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Abstract

La présente invention vise à maintenir un agent thérapeutique comprenant un médicament sous sa forme polymorphique préférée en vue de la mise en oeuvre d'une thérapie indiquée. Ledit agent thérapeutique est maintenu sous sa forme polymorphique par mélange d'un polymère avec l'agent thérapeutique, ce qui réduit la transformation de l'agent thérapeutique de la forme voulue à une forme différente, non voulue.
EP00973370A 1999-09-20 2000-09-19 Procede destine a reduire la transformation polymorphique d'un medicament Withdrawn EP1216058A2 (fr)

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US15488499P 1999-09-20 1999-09-20
US154884P 1999-09-20
PCT/US2000/025602 WO2001021211A2 (fr) 1999-09-20 2000-09-19 Procede destine a reduire la transformation polymorphique d'un medicament

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GB0113697D0 (en) * 2001-06-06 2001-07-25 Smith & Nephew Fixation devices for tissue repair
US7749536B2 (en) * 2006-02-14 2010-07-06 Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. Pharmaceutical formulations of aliphatic amine polymers and methods for their manufacture
BRPI0717008A2 (pt) 2006-09-01 2014-01-21 Usv Ltd Processo para o preparo de cloridrato de sevelamer e formulação do mesmo
US7964182B2 (en) 2006-09-01 2011-06-21 USV, Ltd Pharmaceutical compositions comprising phosphate-binding polymer

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PA8466701A1 (es) * 1998-01-21 2000-09-29 Pfizer Prod Inc Comprimido de mesilato de trovafloxacino
US6224907B1 (en) * 1998-03-06 2001-05-01 Alza Corporation Anti-asthma therapy

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JP2003529549A (ja) 2003-10-07
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CA2382834A1 (fr) 2001-03-29
AU1188601A (en) 2001-04-24
WO2001021211A2 (fr) 2001-03-29

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