EP1214727B1 - Circuit breaker - Google Patents

Circuit breaker Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1214727B1
EP1214727B1 EP00953001A EP00953001A EP1214727B1 EP 1214727 B1 EP1214727 B1 EP 1214727B1 EP 00953001 A EP00953001 A EP 00953001A EP 00953001 A EP00953001 A EP 00953001A EP 1214727 B1 EP1214727 B1 EP 1214727B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
circuit breaker
low
voltage power
power circuit
moving contact
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP00953001A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1214727A2 (en
Inventor
Renato Dosmo
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB Service SRL
Original Assignee
ABB Service SRL
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ABB Service SRL filed Critical ABB Service SRL
Publication of EP1214727A2 publication Critical patent/EP1214727A2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1214727B1 publication Critical patent/EP1214727B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/666—Operating arrangements
    • H01H33/6662—Operating arrangements using bistable electromagnetic actuators, e.g. linear polarised electromagnetic actuators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/50—Means for increasing contact pressure, preventing vibration of contacts, holding contacts together after engagement, or biasing contacts to the open position
    • H01H1/54—Means for increasing contact pressure, preventing vibration of contacts, holding contacts together after engagement, or biasing contacts to the open position by magnetic force
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/58—Electric connections to or between contacts; Terminals
    • H01H1/5822—Flexible connections between movable contact and terminal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/58—Electric connections to or between contacts; Terminals
    • H01H1/5822—Flexible connections between movable contact and terminal
    • H01H2001/5827—Laminated connections, i.e. the flexible conductor is composed of a plurality of thin flexible conducting layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/6606—Terminal arrangements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a low-voltage power circuit breaker having improved functions and characteristics; more specifically, the expression "low-voltage power circuit breaker” is used to reference a circuit breaker for applications with operating voltages below 1000 Volt.
  • Said power circuit breakers which typically operate with AC currents whose nominal operating values, according to the applications, can vary over a wide range, typically from a few hundred to several thousand amperes, are devised to provide some performances which are required in order to ensure the correct operation of the electric power supply circuit that they protect and of the loads connected thereto.
  • they protect the loads from abnormal events caused for example by malfunctions related to short circuits or due to overloads by automatically opening said power supply circuit; they allow the correct insertion/exclusion of loads in/from the electric power supply circuit; they ensure that the nominal current for the various connected users is actually equal to the required one, and allow, by manual intervention on an operating lever of said circuit breaker and by corresponding separation of the moving contacts from the fixed contacts, the complete isolation of a load with respect to a power supply source and the consequent disconnection of the circuit that they protect.
  • the actuation devices used are generally constituted by actuation systems of the mechanical type which use appropriate spring-loaded kinematic systems.
  • Such a system according to the preamble of claim 1 is known for example from EP-A-0867903.
  • the association of said actuation devices with the two interruption methods used, despite allowing adequate execution of the functions required of the circuit breaker, in any case entails some drawbacks and disadvantages.
  • circuit breakers with air-insulated interruption and mechanical actuation have a mechanical life which can vary from a few thousand to a maximum of a few tens of thousands of switching operations, and a significantly lower electrical life, mainly due to the formation of intense electric arcs which significantly deteriorate the contacts.
  • the electrical life increases considerably and reaches in practice the same order of magnitude as the mechanical life.
  • it is necessary to program and correctly perform a complex maintenance plan during the use of the circuit breaker, so as to compensate for variations caused by wear and aging which are typical of mechanical systems.
  • a maintenance plan forces the removal of the circuit breaker from active service, the use of labour and the consequent expenditure of time and cost, and becomes particularly onerous in all applications in which it is essential to provide protection against unexpected interruptions, such as for example in process industries.
  • actuation devices with spring-loaded kinematic systems are inherently very complicated and bulky; the level of mechanical energy that they must develop is proportional to the various levels of electrical performance of the circuit breaker in which they are used, for example breaking capacity for short circuits, nominal current, et cetera, and requires long and complicated testing and calibration operations.
  • the aim of the present invention is to provide a low-voltage power circuit breaker which has a longer useful life than known types of circuit breaker and at the same time allows to fully eliminate, or at least significantly reduce, the maintenance interventions required to ensure said useful life.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a low-voltage power circuit breaker whose useful life is considerably longer than in the circuit breakers of the known art and in particular in which the mechanical and electrical life are maximized and have substantially the same value.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a low-voltage power circuit breaker whose constructive architecture is considerably less complicated than known types of circuit breaker.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a low-voltage power circuit breaker which is highly reliable, relatively easy to manufacture and at competitive costs.
  • a low-voltage power circuit breaker comprising a vacuum chamber which contains at least one fixed contact and at least one moving contact which can be mutually coupled/uncoupled in correspondence of a closed/open condition of the circuit breaker, and actuation means which are operatively connected to the moving contact and provide the energy required to move said moving contact and to determine its coupling/uncoupling with respect to said fixed contact, characterized in that said actuation means comprise an electromagnetic actuator.
  • the low-voltage power circuit breaker comprises an enclosure 1 which is in vacuum and contains at least one fixed contact 7 and at least one moving contact 6.
  • the vacuum enclosure 1, which constitutes the interruption chamber of the circuit breaker can be constituted by an appropriately shaped bulb inside which vacuum is maintained; the embodiment of the bulb and the manner in which the vacuum is maintained inside it are widely known in the art and are accordingly not described further.
  • the fixed contact 7 is electrically connected, by using conventional conducting means 4, for example a copper bar, to a user to be supplied, not shown; in turn, the moving contact 6 is electrically connected, by virtue of conducting means 5, to a power supply line, also not shown in the figure.
  • Said conducting means 5 can be constituted by a plurality of flexible metal strips which are packed together and perforated at their opposite ends, so as to accommodate means for connection to the moving contact 6 and to the power supply line.
  • the metal strips are arranged so as to form a substantially U-shaped turn; in this manner, when a short-circuit condition occurs, the two arms of the U-shaped turn are affected by two forces which are orientated in mutually opposite directions and so as to contrast the repulsion forces that are generated during the short circuit and tend to separate the contacts.
  • the strips allow to keep the contacts closed for a short initial interval of the short circuit, during which, for example, another circuit breaker possibly included in the power supply network can intervene, thus avoiding untimely interventions and the deactivation of users which could instead continue to operate correctly. Once this interval has elapsed, if no other circuit breaker (if present) has intervened, the contacts separate.
  • the movements for opening/closing the circuit breaker 100 are performed by moving the moving contact 6 so as to produce its engagement/disengagement with respect to the corresponding fixed contact 7; the energy required to perform these switching operations is supplied by appropriate actuation means which are operatively connected to the moving contact 6 by virtue of a kinematic chain which is generally designated by the reference numeral 3 in Figure 1.
  • a single pole of the circuit breaker 100 is shown for the sake of simplicity in description.
  • the actuation means comprise an electromagnetic actuator 2; the use of an actuator of this type allows to considerably extend the useful life of the circuit breaker, since it does not have the problems of possible wear and/or damage that are typical of mechanical-type actuators, allowing in particular to make the electrical useful life of the circuit breaker practically equal to its mechanical life. Furthermore, the electromagnetic actuator ensures the correct execution of the opening/closure movements of the circuit breaker without requiring any maintenance interventions during its useful life, or at least for a significantly large number of switching operations.
  • the electromagnetic actuator 2 is a permanent-magnet electromagnetic actuator.
  • the permanent-magnet actuator 2 comprises a magnetic yoke 10, an armature 30 which can move within the space formed by the yoke 10, and a pivot 20 which is fixed to the armature 30 and is suitable to transmit the motion to the kinematic chain 3 and therefore ultimately to the moving contact 6.
  • the movable armature 30 can be shaped in various manners according to the applications and/or specific requirements and can be provided monolithically and be made of ferromagnetic material or by means of a plurality of stacked magnetic sheets.
  • the yoke 10 is constituted by two core parts, designated by the reference numerals 40 and 50 respectively, which have an E-shaped profile and are mounted on a suitable support, not shown, so that two air gaps, designated by the reference numerals 18 and 19 respectively, form between them.
  • Two permanent magnets designated by the reference numerals 26 and 27 respectively, are mounted on the facing surfaces of the two intermediate arms 13 and 23 of the cores 40 and 50; furthermore, two excitation coils 44 and 45 are arranged in the spaces formed between the central arm 13 and 23 and the two end arms, designated by the reference numerals 41 and 22 respectively, of the cores 40 and 50.
  • a power supply unit schematically designated in Figure 1 by the reference numeral 8, which preferably comprises, according to a solution which is simple, not cumbersome and effective, one or more capacitors which are dimensioned appropriately and are supplied by the electric mains or by an auxiliary source of electric power.
  • the power supply unit 8 is operatively controlled by an electronic command unit 9, which is also connected to the power supply mains; said electronic command unit 9, according to an intervention command which originates for example from a protection system or from an operator, causes the intervention of the power supply unit 8; in this manner the capacitors discharge and energize the coil.
  • the kinematic chain 3 comprises two linkages 35 and 36 which transmit the motion from the pivot 20 to a transmission lever 37; said transmission lever 37, by turning about its pivoting point 38, produces the movement of a coupling pivot 39 which is rigidly coupled thereto and is connected to the moving contact 6; in this manner, the latter moves, consequently realizing the requested operation.
  • the kinematic chain 3 can be modified appropriately, for example by varying the number of its constructive components, their relative arrangement and/or their geometric configuration.
  • an actuator thus provided allows to significantly simplify the constructive architecture of the circuit breaker with respect to the current state of the art, by eliminating or at least significantly reducing the need of springs and/or of other complicated and cumbersome components; the fact should also be stressed that the use of a vacuum interruption technique does not require excessive switching forces, so that the combination of said interruption method with an electromagnetic actuation produces a synergistic effect which allows to further optimize the geometric and energy sizing of the circuit breaker as a whole, and to reduce testing and calibration operations as well.
  • an electromagnetic actuator without permanent magnets; in this case, however, the actuator must be provided with a system which is suitable to maintain the pivot 20 in stable equilibrium at the positions it reaches at the end of the switching operation, differently from what occurs when using permanent magnets, where this function occurs automatically and without using additional components.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a single-pole circuit breaker; the above described solution can in any case be implemented easily and effectively in the case of a multiple-pole power circuit breaker.
  • each pole uses a vacuum enclosure 1 which contains at least one fixed contact 6 and at least one moving contact 7.
  • Each moving contact 6 is operatively connected to actuation means which supply the energy required to move said moving contacts and to determine coupling/uncoupling with respect to the corresponding fixed contacts.
  • a single electromagnetic actuator 2 is provided which is operatively connected to the corresponding movable contact.
  • the electronic command unit 9 it is possible to realize a strategy of switching operations in relation to the phases of the electrical network to which the circuit breaker is connected.
  • measuring means such as measuring transformers, which send information about the current and/or voltage trend of the network phases to the unit 9; in its turn, the unit 9, on the ground of the information received, drives the actuators 2 in order to perform synchronized operations for each phase, independently from the others.
  • a unique electromagnetic actuator 2 an operating shaft which is operatively connected to said electromagnetic actuator 2 and, for each pole, a kinematic chain 3 which is suitable to connect each moving contact to said operating shaft.
  • the opening/closure operations of the circuit breaker occurs simultaneously for all the poles, as described above and can be realized in a synchronized way for one phase, which is considered as a reference.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
  • Control Of Vending Devices And Auxiliary Devices For Vending Devices (AREA)
  • Percussive Tools And Related Accessories (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
  • Oscillators With Electromechanical Resonators (AREA)
  • Logic Circuits (AREA)
  • Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
EP00953001A 1999-07-30 2000-06-28 Circuit breaker Expired - Lifetime EP1214727B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT1999MI001720A IT1313278B1 (it) 1999-07-30 1999-07-30 Interruttore di potenza per bassa tensione.
ITMI991720 1999-07-30
PCT/EP2000/006263 WO2001009912A2 (en) 1999-07-30 2000-06-28 Circuit breaker

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1214727A2 EP1214727A2 (en) 2002-06-19
EP1214727B1 true EP1214727B1 (en) 2004-09-22

Family

ID=11383471

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00953001A Expired - Lifetime EP1214727B1 (en) 1999-07-30 2000-06-28 Circuit breaker

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1214727B1 (it)
AT (1) ATE277417T1 (it)
AU (1) AU6561000A (it)
DE (1) DE60014122T2 (it)
ES (1) ES2228591T3 (it)
IT (1) IT1313278B1 (it)
WO (1) WO2001009912A2 (it)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE112005003632B4 (de) * 2005-07-21 2014-07-24 Mitsubishi Denki K.K. Leistungsschalter
US11328885B2 (en) * 2019-12-05 2022-05-10 S&C Electric Company Low energy reclosing pulse test

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4230246B2 (ja) * 2002-08-27 2009-02-25 三菱電機株式会社 操作装置およびその操作装置を使用した開閉装置
FR3008542B1 (fr) * 2013-07-09 2015-10-02 Schneider Electric Ind Sas Dispositif de detection du rearmement d'un disjoncteur, actionneur d'un mecanisme de separation des contacts du disjoncteur, disjoncteur electrique et utilisation d'un courant induit pour generer un signal d'indication du rearmement
DE102013216018B4 (de) * 2013-08-13 2021-06-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Vorrichtung zur Übertragung von Kräften
CN108711533A (zh) * 2018-05-04 2018-10-26 卓维电力科技有限公司 一种可锁真空断路器

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3614353A (en) * 1968-05-30 1971-10-19 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co Switching device having electro-magnetic means for increasing effective contact pressure
US3663906A (en) * 1969-10-09 1972-05-16 Gen Electric Electric circuit breaker with magnetically assisted closing means
US4153827A (en) * 1976-01-26 1979-05-08 Merlin Gerin Magnetic blow-out arc extinguishing device
DE4304921C1 (de) * 1993-02-18 1994-08-25 E I B S A Bistabiler magnetischer Antrieb für einen elektrischen Schalter
GB9318876D0 (en) * 1993-09-11 1993-10-27 Mckean Brian A bistable permanent magnet actuator for operation of circuit breakers
EP0801407B1 (de) * 1996-04-11 2004-07-14 ABB PATENT GmbH Ein- oder mehrphasiger Vakuumschalter
IT1287151B1 (it) * 1996-11-11 1998-08-04 Abb Research Ltd Attuatore magnetico
US5912604A (en) * 1997-02-04 1999-06-15 Abb Power T&D Company, Inc. Molded pole automatic circuit recloser with bistable electromagnetic actuator
JP3441360B2 (ja) * 1997-03-25 2003-09-02 株式会社東芝 しゃ断器の操作装置

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE112005003632B4 (de) * 2005-07-21 2014-07-24 Mitsubishi Denki K.K. Leistungsschalter
US11328885B2 (en) * 2019-12-05 2022-05-10 S&C Electric Company Low energy reclosing pulse test
US20220230825A1 (en) * 2019-12-05 2022-07-21 S&C Electric Company Low energy reclosing pulse test
US11670471B2 (en) 2019-12-05 2023-06-06 S&C Electric Company Low energy reclosing pulse test

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE60014122D1 (de) 2004-10-28
ITMI991720A1 (it) 2001-01-30
ITMI991720A0 (it) 1999-07-30
IT1313278B1 (it) 2002-07-17
ATE277417T1 (de) 2004-10-15
AU6561000A (en) 2001-02-19
DE60014122T2 (de) 2005-11-17
EP1214727A2 (en) 2002-06-19
WO2001009912A2 (en) 2001-02-08
ES2228591T3 (es) 2005-04-16
WO2001009912A3 (en) 2001-06-07

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