EP1214721B1 - Electromagnetic actuator - Google Patents

Electromagnetic actuator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1214721B1
EP1214721B1 EP00960670A EP00960670A EP1214721B1 EP 1214721 B1 EP1214721 B1 EP 1214721B1 EP 00960670 A EP00960670 A EP 00960670A EP 00960670 A EP00960670 A EP 00960670A EP 1214721 B1 EP1214721 B1 EP 1214721B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
armature
electromagnet
electromagnetic actuator
actuator according
changeover valve
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP00960670A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1214721A1 (en
Inventor
Heinz Leiber
Thomas Leiber
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Individual
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Publication of EP1214721A1 publication Critical patent/EP1214721A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/14—Pivoting armatures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L9/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically
    • F01L9/20—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L9/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically
    • F01L9/20—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means
    • F01L9/21—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means actuated by solenoids
    • F01L2009/2105—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means actuated by solenoids comprising two or more coils
    • F01L2009/2109—The armature being articulated perpendicularly to the coils axes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electromagnetic actuator with the features of the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such an actuator is for example in the older Patent Application DE 198 24 537 A1.
  • the gear ratio is i for both Electromagnets same.
  • the invention is based on the object, the proposed Actuator to further optimize.
  • the opening magnet must because of the relative large gas forces at the exhaust valve a relatively large lifting work Afford. Therefore, to save power, should the working air gap should be as small as possible, which is a smaller one Gear ratio i for the opening magnet requires.
  • the closing magnet develops at a larger gear ratio a higher force on the valve axis.
  • the closing magnet small.
  • the effective anchor mass is determined by the Shaping the anchor (e.g., with a trapezoidal cross-section) slightly increased.
  • the opening magnet gets a small middle Air gap, which reduces the performance.
  • the magnets is designed as a characteristic magnet.
  • the Opening magnet designed as a two-pole solenoid plunger, wherein the opening member opposite the armature part is formed such that in the electromagnet immersed anchor parts are closer to the pivot axis as the, those dipping anchor parts assigned Pole ends of the yoke.
  • the use of a characteristic magnet for the opening magnet is known per se from EP 0 970 298 A1. Across from the second electromagnet is the anchor as Flat anchor formed. The electromagnets are there as Pot magnets formed, wherein the anchor is a linear Up and down movement performs. In the prior art is the anchor slidably mounted. The by manufacturing tolerances unavoidable air gap differences are relatively high Transverse forces result, whereby frictional forces are effected.
  • the use of a characteristic magnet has the advantage that the high gas forces because of the higher telecontrol force overcome more easily such an electromagnet can be.
  • the swiveling Anchor is the moving mass of the anchor by the invention and thus the energy requirement kept small.
  • the usage one or more rolling bearings for the pivoting movement the anchor has the advantage that by manufacturing tolerances conditional lateral forces on the storage low Frictional losses bring with it.
  • punched parts for the anchor and / or the yokes which can be produced as a fine stamped parts, can Tolerances and eddy current losses are kept small.
  • the yoke can be adjusted to the anchor.
  • the Use of the inventively designed characteristic magnet is also without the use of the features of the A1 possible.
  • Fig. 1 are two two-pole electromagnets 1 and 2 the yokes 1a and 2a and windings 1b and 2b, respectively, are shown respectively.
  • An associated with this electromagnet 1 and 2 Anchor 3 is attached to a lever which at his left end pivotally mounted about the pivot axis 4
  • the bearing can be designed as a roller bearing, wherein one or more rolling bearings can be used.
  • the forces acting on the armature 3 spring forces are here by a torsion bar, z. B. torsion bar or rotary tube 6, and the valve spring 9 applied.
  • the torsion bar runs in the direction of the pivot axis and at least partially in a tube 7 formed by the lever 8 becomes. At the other end of the lever 8 this acts on one only indicated valve stem 10, to which the force the valve spring 9 acts.
  • the solenoid 2 is the opening magnet.
  • the hatched anchor 3 has here in cross section the shape of a trapezoid with non-parallel side surfaces.
  • the center 3b of the lower anchor part is closer to the pivot axis 4 than the center 3a of the upper anchor part.
  • the poles of the electromagnets are arranged so that they are associated with the anchor parts with the centers 3a and 3b. It follows that the transmission ratio i 1 of the electromagnet 1 is greater than the transmission ratio i 2 of the electromagnet 2.
  • the anchor could also have the shape of a rhombus or a polygon.
  • Electromagnet 11 associated part of the Ankers 13 is a flat anchor, is here in addition to the Electromagnet 12 associated anchor part as a plunger anchor formed with immersion parts 13a and 13b and the poles 12c of the yoke 12a are the immersion parts 13a and 13b in FIG the position shown obvious and for the pivoting movement suitably designed so that small air gaps form.
  • the armature 13 and the Yokes 11a and 12a preferably composed of stamped parts, So they are laminated. Through the rolling bearing and the yokes that can be adjusted to the armature can be radial Air gaps are kept very small. The system effects here like a reluctance motor.
  • the yokes of the magnets 1 and 2 are shown in Figs. 1 and 2 designed as U-magnets. They can also be called E-magnets or E / U magnets may be formed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
  • Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen elektromagnetischen Aktuator mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to an electromagnetic actuator with the features of the preamble of claim 1.

Ein derartiger Aktuator ist beispielsweise in der älteren Patentanmeldung DE 198 24 537 A1 beschrieben.Such an actuator is for example in the older Patent Application DE 198 24 537 A1.

Üblicherweise ist das Übersetzungsverhältnis i für beide Elektromagnete gleich.Usually, the gear ratio is i for both Electromagnets same.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zu Grunde, den vorgeschlagenen Aktuator weiter zu optimieren.The invention is based on the object, the proposed Actuator to further optimize.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is solved by the features of claim 1.

Für den Schließmagneten gilt, daß er wegen der Ventilschließkraft eine große Haltekraft aufweisen muß. Andererseits muß er wegen der beim Schließen geringen Gaskräfte eine relativ kleine Hubarbeit leisten.For the closing magnet applies that he because of the valve closing force must have a large holding power. on the other hand he has to because of the low gas forces when closing to do a relatively small lifting job.

Demgegenüber muß der Öffnungsmagnet wegen der relativ großen Gaskräfte beim Auslaßventil eine relativ große Hubarbeit leisten. Um Leistung zu sparen, sollte deshalb der Arbeitsluftspalt möglichst klein sein, was ein kleineres Übersetzungsverhältnis i für den Öffnungsmagneten erfordert.In contrast, the opening magnet must because of the relative large gas forces at the exhaust valve a relatively large lifting work Afford. Therefore, to save power, should the working air gap should be as small as possible, which is a smaller one Gear ratio i for the opening magnet requires.

Dagegen entwickelt der Schließmagnet bei größerem Übersetzungsverhältnis eine höhere Kraft an der Ventilachse.In contrast, the closing magnet develops at a larger gear ratio a higher force on the valve axis.

Aus diesen Überlegungen resultiert die Auslegung des Aktuators mit unterschiedlichem i für die beiden Elektromagnete.These considerations result in the design of the actuator with different i for the two electromagnets.

Bei dieser Auslegung der Elektromagnete wird der Schließmagnet klein. Die effektive Ankermasse wird durch die Formgebung des Ankers (z.B. mit trapezförmigem Querschnitt) geringfügig erhöht.In this design of the electromagnets, the closing magnet small. The effective anchor mass is determined by the Shaping the anchor (e.g., with a trapezoidal cross-section) slightly increased.

Der Öffnungsmagnet bekommt einen kleinen mittleren Luftspalt, was die Leistung vermindert.The opening magnet gets a small middle Air gap, which reduces the performance.

Gemäß einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung wird wenigstens einer der Magnete als Kennlinienmagnet ausgebildet. Hierbei ist darauf zu achten, daß die Bemessungsregel des Patentanspruchs 1 eingehalten wird. Vorzugsweise wird der Öffnungsmagnet als zweipoliger Tauchanker ausgebildet, wobei das dem Öffnungsmagneten gegenüberliegende Ankerteil derart ausgebildet ist, daß die in den Elektromagneten eintauchenden Ankerteile näher zur Schwenkachse liegen als die, diesen eintauchenden Ankerteilen zugeordneten Polenden des Jochs.According to one embodiment of the invention is at least one of the magnets is designed as a characteristic magnet. in this connection Care must be taken that the design rule of the claim 1 is complied with. Preferably, the Opening magnet designed as a two-pole solenoid plunger, wherein the opening member opposite the armature part is formed such that in the electromagnet immersed anchor parts are closer to the pivot axis as the, those dipping anchor parts assigned Pole ends of the yoke.

Die Verwendung eines Kennlinienmagneten für den Öffnungsmagneten ist an sich aus der EP 0 970 298 A1 bekannt. Gegenüber dem zweiten Elektromagneten ist der Anker als Flachanker ausgebildet. Die Elektromagnete sind dort als Topfmagnete ausgebildet, wobei der Anker eine lineare Auf- und Abbewegung ausführt. Beim Stand der Technik ist der Anker gleitgelagert. Die durch Fertigungstoleranzen unvermeidlichen Luftspaltunterschiede haben relativ hohe Querkräfte zur Folge, wodurch Reibungskräfte bewirkt werden. Die Verwendung eines Kennlinienmagneten hat den Vorteil, daß die hohen Gaskräfte wegen der höheren Fernwirkungskraft eines solchen Elektromagneten leichter überwunden werden können. Im speziellen Fall des schwenkbaren Ankers wird durch die Erfindung die bewegte Masse des Ankers und damit der Energiebedarf klein gehalten. Die Verwendung eines oder mehrerer Wälzlager für die Schwenkbewegung des Ankers hat den Vorteil, daß durch Fertigungstoleranzen bedingte Querkräfte auf die Lagerung geringe Reibungsverluste mit sich bringen. Durch die Verwendung von Stanzteilen für den Anker und/oder die Joche, die als Feinstanzteile hergestellt werden können, können Toleranzen und Wirbelstromverluste klein gehalten werden. Außerdem kann das Joch zum Anker justiert werden. Die Verwendung der erfindungsgemäß ausgebildeten Kennlinienmagneten ist auch ohne die Verwendung der Merkmale des A1 möglich.The use of a characteristic magnet for the opening magnet is known per se from EP 0 970 298 A1. Across from the second electromagnet is the anchor as Flat anchor formed. The electromagnets are there as Pot magnets formed, wherein the anchor is a linear Up and down movement performs. In the prior art is the anchor slidably mounted. The by manufacturing tolerances unavoidable air gap differences are relatively high Transverse forces result, whereby frictional forces are effected. The use of a characteristic magnet has the advantage that the high gas forces because of the higher telecontrol force overcome more easily such an electromagnet can be. In the special case of the swiveling Anchor is the moving mass of the anchor by the invention and thus the energy requirement kept small. The usage one or more rolling bearings for the pivoting movement the anchor has the advantage that by manufacturing tolerances conditional lateral forces on the storage low Frictional losses bring with it. By use punched parts for the anchor and / or the yokes, which can be produced as a fine stamped parts, can Tolerances and eddy current losses are kept small. In addition, the yoke can be adjusted to the anchor. The Use of the inventively designed characteristic magnet is also without the use of the features of the A1 possible.

Anhand der Zeichnung werden Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung erläutert. Reference to the drawings, embodiments of the invention explained.

Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel
  • Fig. 2 ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel
    • Show it:
  • Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment
  • Fig. 2 shows a second embodiment

    • In der Fig. 1 sind zwei zweipolige Elektromagnete 1 und 2 gezeigt, die Joche 1a bzw. 2a und Wicklungen 1b bzw.2b aufweisen. Ein diesen Elektromagneten 1 und 2 zugeordneter Anker 3 ist an einem Hebel befestigt, der an seinem linken Ende schwenkbar um die Schwenkachse 4 gelagert ist, Die Lagerung kann als Wälzlager ausgebildet sein, wobei ein oder mehrere Wälzlager verwendet werden können. Die auf den Anker 3 wirkenden Federkräfte werden hier durch einen Torsionsstab, z. B. Drehstab oder Drehrohr 6, sowie die Ventilfeder 9 aufgebracht. Der Torsionsstab verläuft in Richtung der Schwenkachse und zumindest teilweise in einem Rohr 7, das durch den Hebel 8 gebildet wird. Am anderen Ende des Hebels 8 wirkt dieser auf einen nur angedeuteten Ventilschaft 10 ein, auf den die Kraft der Ventilfeder 9 wirkt.In Fig. 1 are two two-pole electromagnets 1 and 2 the yokes 1a and 2a and windings 1b and 2b, respectively, are shown respectively. An associated with this electromagnet 1 and 2 Anchor 3 is attached to a lever which at his left end pivotally mounted about the pivot axis 4 The bearing can be designed as a roller bearing, wherein one or more rolling bearings can be used. The forces acting on the armature 3 spring forces are here by a torsion bar, z. B. torsion bar or rotary tube 6, and the valve spring 9 applied. The torsion bar runs in the direction of the pivot axis and at least partially in a tube 7 formed by the lever 8 becomes. At the other end of the lever 8 this acts on one only indicated valve stem 10, to which the force the valve spring 9 acts.

    Der Elektromagnet 2 ist der Öffnungsmagnet.The solenoid 2 is the opening magnet.

    Der schraffiert dargestellte Anker 3 hat hier im Querschnitt die Form eines Trapezes mit nicht parallelen Seitenflächen. Damit liegt das Zentrum 3b des unteren Ankerteils näher bei der Schwenkachse 4 als das Zentrum 3a des oberen Ankerteils. Die Pole der Elektromagneten sind so angeordnet, daß sie den Ankerteilen mit den Zentren 3a und 3b zugeordnet sind. Daraus folgt, daß das Übersetzungsverhältnis i1 des Elektromagneten 1 größer als das Übersetzungsverhältnis i2 des Elektromagneten 2 ist. Alternativ könnte der Anker auch die Form einer Raute oder eines Polygons aufweisen. The hatched anchor 3 has here in cross section the shape of a trapezoid with non-parallel side surfaces. Thus, the center 3b of the lower anchor part is closer to the pivot axis 4 than the center 3a of the upper anchor part. The poles of the electromagnets are arranged so that they are associated with the anchor parts with the centers 3a and 3b. It follows that the transmission ratio i 1 of the electromagnet 1 is greater than the transmission ratio i 2 of the electromagnet 2. Alternatively, the anchor could also have the shape of a rhombus or a polygon.

    In der Fig. 2 sind ähnlich wie in Fig. 1 zwei Elektromagnete 11, 11a, 11b und 12, 12a und 12b vorgesehen, denen ein schwenkbar gelagerter Anker 13 gegenüber steht, der auf einen Ventilschaft 20 einwirkt. Der Hebel 18 ist hier in Wälzlagern 15 gelagert. Hier erzeugt der Torsionsstab 16 die gesamten Federkräfte. Auch hier gilt, daß i1 > i2 ist.2, two electromagnets 11, 11a, 11b and 12, 12a and 12b are provided, similar to FIG. 1, against which a pivotably mounted armature 13 opposes, acting on a valve stem 20. The lever 18 is mounted here in rolling bearings 15. Here, the torsion bar 16 generates the entire spring forces. Again, i 1 > i 2 .

    Während der dem Elektromagneten 11 zugeordnete Teil des Ankers 13 ein Flachanker ist, ist hier zusätzlich das dem Elektromagneten 12 zugeordnete Ankerteil als Tauchanker mit Eintauchteilen 13a und 13b ausgebildet und die Pole 12c des Jochs 12a sind den Eintauchteilen 13a und 13b in der gezeigten Stellung naheliegend und für die Schwenkbewegung geeignet ausgebildet, so daß sich kleine Luftspalte ausbilden. Wie erwähnt, werden der Anker 13 und die Joche 11a und 12a vorzugsweise aus Stanzteilen zusammengesetzt, sie sind also lamelliert. Durch die Wälzlagerung und die zum Anker justierbaren Joche können die radialen Luftspalte sehr klein gehalten werden. Das System bewirkt hier wie ein Reluktanzmotor.During the electromagnet 11 associated part of the Ankers 13 is a flat anchor, is here in addition to the Electromagnet 12 associated anchor part as a plunger anchor formed with immersion parts 13a and 13b and the poles 12c of the yoke 12a are the immersion parts 13a and 13b in FIG the position shown obvious and for the pivoting movement suitably designed so that small air gaps form. As mentioned, the armature 13 and the Yokes 11a and 12a preferably composed of stamped parts, So they are laminated. Through the rolling bearing and the yokes that can be adjusted to the armature can be radial Air gaps are kept very small. The system effects here like a reluctance motor.

    Die Joche der Magnete 1 und 2 sind in den Fig. 1 und 2 als U-Magnete ausgebildet. Sie können auch als E-Magnete oder E/U-Magnete ausgebildet sein.The yokes of the magnets 1 and 2 are shown in Figs. 1 and 2 designed as U-magnets. They can also be called E-magnets or E / U magnets may be formed.

    Claims (9)

    1. Electromagnetic actuator for operating a gas changeover valve (10), having an electromagnet (1) for closing the gas changeover valve and an electromagnet (2) for opening the gas changeover valve, having an associated armature (3) that operates the gas changeover valve (10) and having spring forces (6,. 9) that act on the armature (3) and are oppositely directed and that, without the operation of an electromagnet (1, 2), position the armature (3) in an intermediate position between two end positions, wherein the electromagnets (1, 2) hold the armature (3) at least in the vicinity of the poles (2c) of the electromagnets (1, 2), wherein the armature (3) is mounted pivotably about a pivot axis (4) and wherein the distance l1 of the action point on the gas changeover valve from the pivot axis (4) is greater than the distance l2 of the centre of the armature from the pivot axis (4) with a transmission ratio of i = l2/l1 < 1 [illegible], characterized in that the armature (3) is designed in such a way that the centre (3b) of the armature part situated opposite the opening magnet (2) is situated nearer the pivot axis (4) than the centre (3a) of the armature part assigned to the closing magnet (1) and in that the poles (1c, 2c) of the electromagnets (1, 2) are disposed opposite said armature parts.
    2. Electromagnetic actuator according to Claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the armature parts is designed as plunger-type armature having plunging armature parts (13a, 13b).
    3. Electromagnetic actuator according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the anchor part assigned to the electromagnet (12) for opening the gas changeover valve is designed as a plunger armature (13a, 13b) and in that the armature parts (13a, 13b) plunging into the electromagnet (12) are situated nearer the pivot axis than the pole ends (12c), assigned to said plunging armature parts (13a, 13b), of the yoke (12a) of the electromagnet (12).
    4. Electromagnetic actuator according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a flat armature (3) is assigned to the electromagnet (1) for closing the gas changeover valve or the electromagnet (1) has a flat armature.
    5. Electromagnetic actuator according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that at least one roller bearing (15) is provided for the pivotable bearing.
    6. Electromagnetic actuator according to any one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the armature (3) and/or the yokes (1a, 2a) are made up of punched parts.
    7. Electromagnetic actuator according to any one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the yokes (1a, 2a) can be aligned opposite the armature (3).
    8. Electromagnetic actuator according to any one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the electromagnets (1, 2) have the shape of an E or E/U.
    9. Electromagnetic actuator according to any one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the electromagnet for opening the gas changeover valve is a two-pole electromagnet.
    EP00960670A 1999-09-21 2000-09-15 Electromagnetic actuator Expired - Lifetime EP1214721B1 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (3)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    DE19945112A DE19945112A1 (en) 1999-09-21 1999-09-21 Electromagnetic actuator
    DE19945112 1999-09-21
    PCT/EP2000/009037 WO2001022442A1 (en) 1999-09-21 2000-09-15 Electromagnetic actuator

    Publications (2)

    Publication Number Publication Date
    EP1214721A1 EP1214721A1 (en) 2002-06-19
    EP1214721B1 true EP1214721B1 (en) 2004-06-09

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    ID=7922703

    Family Applications (1)

    Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
    EP00960670A Expired - Lifetime EP1214721B1 (en) 1999-09-21 2000-09-15 Electromagnetic actuator

    Country Status (3)

    Country Link
    EP (1) EP1214721B1 (en)
    DE (2) DE19945112A1 (en)
    WO (1) WO2001022442A1 (en)

    Families Citing this family (2)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    DE10329020A1 (en) * 2003-06-27 2005-01-13 Daimlerchrysler Ag Method of stopping at least one cylinder of a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine, involves arranging a stop element in inlet channel leading to the cylinder which is to be stopped
    JP2008180140A (en) * 2007-01-24 2008-08-07 Toyota Motor Corp Solenoid-driven valve

    Family Cites Families (4)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    DE1589726A1 (en) * 1967-04-28 1970-05-14 Olympia Buerosysteme Gmbh Folding armature electromagnet
    US3745495A (en) * 1971-12-16 1973-07-10 Ibm Magnetic actuator mechanism
    IT974590B (en) * 1972-08-12 1974-07-10 Billi Spa ELECTRIC IMPULSE CONTROL DEVICE FOR YARN GUIDERS OF KNITTING MACHINES AND FOR OTHER USES
    DE19628860B4 (en) * 1996-07-17 2008-07-31 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Electromagnetic actuator for an internal combustion engine globe valve

    Also Published As

    Publication number Publication date
    DE19945112A1 (en) 2001-03-22
    DE50006761D1 (en) 2004-07-15
    WO2001022442A1 (en) 2001-03-29
    EP1214721A1 (en) 2002-06-19

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