EP0203515B1 - Electromagnetic relay - Google Patents

Electromagnetic relay Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0203515B1
EP0203515B1 EP86106908A EP86106908A EP0203515B1 EP 0203515 B1 EP0203515 B1 EP 0203515B1 EP 86106908 A EP86106908 A EP 86106908A EP 86106908 A EP86106908 A EP 86106908A EP 0203515 B1 EP0203515 B1 EP 0203515B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
armature
actuator
movement
contact
opening
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP86106908A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0203515A3 (en
EP0203515A2 (en
Inventor
Johannes Oberndorfer
Kenji Ono
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Panasonic Electric Works Europe AG
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Euro Matsushita Electric Works AG
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Publication date
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Priority to AT86106908T priority Critical patent/ATE64038T1/en
Publication of EP0203515A2 publication Critical patent/EP0203515A2/en
Publication of EP0203515A3 publication Critical patent/EP0203515A3/en
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Publication of EP0203515B1 publication Critical patent/EP0203515B1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/54—Contact arrangements
    • H01H50/56—Contact spring sets
    • H01H50/58—Driving arrangements structurally associated therewith; Mounting of driving arrangements on armature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/16—Magnetic circuit arrangements
    • H01H50/18—Movable parts of magnetic circuits, e.g. armature

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electromagnetic relay of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1.
  • each contact spring is guided by an actuator integrally formed on the armature in such a way that when the armature is pivoted between its two end positions by acting on the relay coil, it is moved between a closed position formed with a fixed contact and an open position.
  • Each spring is biased so that it rests resiliently against its actuator in one of the two end positions of the armature and during a part of the armature movement adjoining this end position.
  • the cited document shows both so-called lift-off contacts, in which the contact spring is pretensioned in its closed position and is lifted from the fixed contact under contact with the actuator, and so-called flexure contacts, in which the contact spring is pretensioned in the open position and at corresponding movement of the armature is pressed into the closed position by the actuator.
  • the friction torque mentioned has a particularly critical effect in bistable relays in the central region in which both the magnetic actuating forces acting on the armature and the contact spring forces acting on it cancel each other out.
  • this neutral area is a point that is overcome by the inertial mass of the anchor. Due to the frictional moment always counteracting the armature movement, however, there is a finite neutral area with the danger that the armature, which may inadvertently get into a central position due to a mechanical impact or an electrical impulse corresponding to a partial control, gets caught in it. In this position, the relay is inoperable because the armature can no longer be moved to one of its two defined end positions by normal control.
  • the invention is based on the general object of at least partially eliminating disadvantages such as those which occur in comparable electromagnetic relays according to the prior art.
  • a more specific object of the invention can be seen in designing the electromagnetic relay of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that the frictional torque counteracting the armature rotation is reduced, the problem of the undesired center position is largely eliminated in the case of a bistable design, and contact bounce caused by armature bouncing is avoided in flexure contacts .
  • the inventive solution to this problem is specified in the characterizing part of claim 1.
  • the game then basically provided in the coupling between actuator and armature causes that point of the actuator at which the contact spring is under tension to follow the contact spring, so that a relative movement between the actuator and the contact spring and the resulting friction is eliminated. Although there is now friction at the coupling point between the actuator and the anchor, this can be significantly reduced if the bearing is designed appropriately.
  • the game provided according to the invention finally has the effect that in flexure contacts, bouncing movements of the armature at the stop in its end position are not necessarily carried out by the actuator and therefore do not lead directly to a contact bounce.
  • the polarized electromagnetic relay shown in FIG. 1 with bistable switching behavior has an essentially H-shaped armature 11 which is pivotably mounted about a central pin 10 and which contains two parallel pole plates 12 and a permanent magnet 13 arranged between them.
  • the pole plates 12 and the permanent magnet 13 are held together by a plastic sheath 14.
  • Between the ends of the pole plates 12 facing each other in pairs are the upwardly projecting legs 15 of an essentially U-shaped yoke, the central web of which passes through a coil arranged under the armature 11 (not visible in FIG. 1).
  • the actuator 21 is essentially E-shaped and, with a central pin 22 with a circular cross section, engages in an opening 23 provided in the plastic casing 14, also with a circular cross section, the opening 23 being a somewhat larger one
  • the pin 22 has a diameter.
  • the axis of the pin 22 and that of the opening 23 run parallel to the axis of the pin 10 supporting the armature 11 and thus perpendicular to the longitudinal extension of the armature 11 and perpendicular to the direction of movement of the actuator 21.
  • the outer legs 24 of the actuator 21 are curved on their outer surfaces about axes that run parallel to the axis of the pin 22.
  • the actuator 21 is made in one piece from plastic.
  • the armature 11 is shown in its one end position, in which the left upper contact spring 17 (and accordingly the right lower contact spring) is in its closed position and presses with its own bias against the fixed contact 19, from the corresponding end the actuator 21, on the other hand, is not touched while the right upper contact spring 17 (and correspondingly the left lower contact spring) is pressed by the end of the actuator 21 facing it into its open position, in which it is lifted off the fixed contact 19. If the armature 11 is now pivoted counterclockwise into its other end position by excitation of the coil, the upper actuator 21 according to FIG. 1 is first guided to the left by the pretensioning of the upper right contact spring 17 until the left end of the actuator 21 is the upper left Contact spring 17 touches.
  • This range of movement is designated by a in the diagram according to FIG.
  • the bias of the left upper contact spring 17 is overcome until the contact spring lifts from its fixed contact 19, this range of movement being designated by b in FIG.
  • the actuator 21 is now moved a little further until the forces exerted by the two upper springs 17 are equal to one another.
  • This third range of movement is designated by c in FIG.
  • the pin 22 of the actuator 21 lies against the inner wall of the bore 23 in the armature in the position shown in FIG. 1.
  • the actuator 21 remains stationary until the clearance between the pin 22 and the bore 23 has been overcome (area d in FIG. 4).
  • the actuator 21 is carried by the armature 11, the right upper contact spring 17 coming into contact with its fixed contact 19 at the end of the range of motion e shown in FIG. 4, at the end of the range of motion f the actuator 21 detaches from the right top contact spring 17, and at the end of the movement range g the other end position of the armature 11 is reached.
  • the driver 21 is not pivoted with the armature 11 around the pin 10, but rather by the contact spring or springs 17 resting against it essentially displaced in its own longitudinal direction, relative movements between the contact springs 17 and the actuator 21 being omitted.
  • the sliding friction taking place in conventional relays in these contact points does not occur in the relay described here.
  • the lever under which the frictional force exerts a torque on the armature is only equal to the radius of the pin 22, but not the same as the distance of the contact spring 17 from the central axis of the armature, as is the case with the driver of the armature firmly connected would be the case.
  • the friction torque thus reduced means in FIG. 4 that the area between the two thin solid lines, which are drawn on both sides of the dash-dotted spring characteristic, is narrow. This also leads to the fact that the central range of movement of the armature, in which the magnetic forces continue to act on it, becomes as wide as possible.
  • the bistable electromagnetic relay shown in FIG. 3 has a rod-shaped armature 31 passing through a coil 30, which is pivotably mounted about a pivot point located at its lower end in FIG. 3.
  • the upper end of the armature can be moved back and forth between the upper ends of two pole plates 32, between which a permanent magnet (not visible in FIG. 3) is arranged.
  • a pair of contact springs 37a, 37b are arranged, each of which is attached to a contact terminal 38 at its lower end.
  • Contact pieces 40 which cooperate with fixed contacts 39a, 39b are attached to the upper free ends of the contact springs 37a, 37b.
  • the movement of the armature 31 on the contact springs 37a, 37b is controlled by an actuator 41 transferred, wherein the contact springs 37a, 37b are inserted into recesses 44 of the actuator 41.
  • the contact springs 37a, 37b of each pair are biased against each other in such a way that they rest resiliently on the boundary walls of the respective recess 44.
  • Each contact spring 37a, 37b forms a lift-off contact with the associated fixed contact 39a, 39b in the first part of the contact closing movement, just as in the relay according to FIG. 1, but a flexure contact in the second and last part of the contact closing movement , the contact pressure being increased by the actuator via the other contact spring.
  • the actuator 41 is provided with a central opening 43 which is dimensioned larger in the direction of movement of the actuator 41 than the width of the armature 31. This results in a play in the coupling between the armature 31 and the actuator 41, similar to the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1, that has the same effects as described above.
  • the boundary surfaces 45 of the opening 43 facing the armature 31 are each curved around an axis which is perpendicular to the longitudinal extent of the armature 31 and to the direction of movement of the actuator 41. Therefore, the actuator 41 is not only displaceable with play relative to the armature 31, but also pivotable about the armature 31. This pivotability means that the actuator 41 can be moved in its longitudinal direction in spite of the rotary movement of the armature 31 and therefore relative displacements between the actuator 41 and the contact springs 37a, 37b are avoided. In this case too, only frictional forces occur at the point of contact between actuator 41 and armature 31, which result from the rolling movement taking place there and, moreover, only generate a frictional moment with a lever corresponding to half the width of armature 31.
  • the embodiment described in FIG. 3 also has the advantage described above that even when the armature 31 moves approximately into the left end position shown in FIG arrives and abuts there at the upper end of the pole plate 32, the resulting bouncing movements are not necessarily transmitted to the left contact springs 37a, 37b because of the play present between the armature 31 and the actuator 41 and therefore no contact bounce between the left contact spring 37b and the associated fixed contact 39b effect what would be the case with a rigid connection between armature 31 and actuator 41 or if the actuator was molded onto the armature according to the prior art.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein elektromagnetisches Relais der im Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 angegebenen Gattung.The invention relates to an electromagnetic relay of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1.

Ein derartiges Relais ist aus der US-A-4,323,945 bekannt. Dort wird jede Kontaktfeder durch einen am Anker angeformten Betätiger derart geführt, daß sie, wenn der Anker durch Beaufschlagung der Relaisspule zwischen seinen beiden Endstellungen verschwenkt wird, zwischen einer mit einem Festkontakt gebildeten Schließstellung und einer Öffnungsstellung bewegt wird. Jede Feder ist dabei so vorgespannt, daß sie in einer der beiden Endstellungen des Ankers sowie während eines an diese Endstellung anschließenden Teils der Ankerbewegung federnd an ihrem Betätiger anliegt. Die genannte Druckschrift zeigt dabei sowohl sogenannte lift-off-Kontakte, bei denen die Kontaktfeder in ihre Schließstellung vorgespannt ist und unter Anlage am Betätiger vom Festkontakt abgehoben wird, als auch sogenannte flexure-Kontakte, bei denen die Kontaktfeder in die Öffnungsstellung vorgespannt ist und bei entsprechender Bewegung des Ankers durch den Betätiger in die Schließstellung gedrückt wird.Such a relay is known from US-A-4,323,945. There, each contact spring is guided by an actuator integrally formed on the armature in such a way that when the armature is pivoted between its two end positions by acting on the relay coil, it is moved between a closed position formed with a fixed contact and an open position. Each spring is biased so that it rests resiliently against its actuator in one of the two end positions of the armature and during a part of the armature movement adjoining this end position. The cited document shows both so-called lift-off contacts, in which the contact spring is pretensioned in its closed position and is lifted from the fixed contact under contact with the actuator, and so-called flexure contacts, in which the contact spring is pretensioned in the open position and at corresponding movement of the armature is pressed into the closed position by the actuator.

Während der Umschaltung des Ankers von einer Endstellung in die andere tritt zwischen jeder Kontaktfeder und dem zugehörigen Betätiger eine Relativverschiebung auf, die in demjenigen Bereich, in dem die Kontaktfeder am Betätiger anliegt, eine Reibungskraft erzeugt. Die Relativbewegung beruht darauf, daß der Drehpunkt des Ankers und damit des Betätigers nicht mit dem effektiven Drehpunkt der Kontaktfeder zusammenfällt und sich der letztere wegen der Verbiegung der Feder selbst verlagert. Diese Reibungskräfte erzeugen ein Reibungsmoment, das dem durch die Magnetkräfte auf den Anker ausgeübten Drehmoment entgegenwirkt und daher zur Erzielung vorgegebener Kontaktkräfte entsprechend stärkere Magnetflüsse bedingt.During the switchover of the armature from one end position to the other, a relative displacement occurs between each contact spring and the associated actuator, which generates a frictional force in the area in which the contact spring rests on the actuator. The relative movement is based on the fact that the fulcrum of the armature and thus of the actuator does not coincide with the effective fulcrum of the contact spring and the latter itself shifts due to the bending of the spring. These frictional forces generate a frictional moment which counteracts the torque exerted on the armature by the magnetic forces and therefore correspondingly stronger magnetic fluxes are required to achieve predetermined contact forces.

Besonders kritisch wirkt sich das erwähnte Reibungsmoment bei bistabilen Relais in demjenigen mittleren Bereich aus, in dem sowohl die am Anker angreifenden magnetischen Stellkräfte als auch die auf ihn einwirkenden Kontaktfederkräfte jeweils einander aufheben. Idealerweise stellt dieser neutrale Bereich einen Punkt dar, der durch die träge Masse des Ankers überwunden wird. Aufgrund des der Ankerbewegung stets entgegenwirkenden Reibungsmomentes ergibt sich jedoch ein endlicher neutraler Bereich mit der Gefahr, daß der Anker, der etwa durch einen mechanischen Stoß oder durch einen einer Teilansteuerung entsprechenden elektrischen Impuls unbeabsichtigt in eine Mittelstellung gelangt, in dieser hängen bleibt. In dieser Stellung ist das Relais funktionsunfähig, weil sich der Anker durch normale Ansteuerung nicht mehr in eine seiner beiden definierten Endstellungen bewegen läßt.The friction torque mentioned has a particularly critical effect in bistable relays in the central region in which both the magnetic actuating forces acting on the armature and the contact spring forces acting on it cancel each other out. Ideally, this neutral area is a point that is overcome by the inertial mass of the anchor. Due to the frictional moment always counteracting the armature movement, however, there is a finite neutral area with the danger that the armature, which may inadvertently get into a central position due to a mechanical impact or an electrical impulse corresponding to a partial control, gets caught in it. In this position, the relay is inoperable because the armature can no longer be moved to one of its two defined end positions by normal control.

Bezüglich der oben erläuterten flexure-Kontakte, bei denen die Kontaktfeder durch den Betätiger in die Schließstellung gedrückt wird, tritt bei bekannten Relais ferner die Schwierigkeit auf, daß Prellbewegungen des Ankers bei Erreichen seiner durch einen Anschlag begrenzten Endstellung auf die Kontaktfeder übertragen werden und dort zu einem Kontaktprellen führen.With regard to the flexure contacts explained above, in which the contact spring is pressed into the closed position by the actuator, the difficulty also arises in known relays that bouncing movements of the armature are transmitted to the contact spring when it reaches its end position limited by a stop and there cause a bounce.

Der Erfindung liegt die generelle Aufgabe zugrunde, Nachteile, wie sie bei vergleichbaren elektromagnetischen Relais nach dem Stand der Technik auftreten, mindestens teilweise zu beseitigen. Eine speziellere Aufgabe der Erfindung kann darin gesehen werden, das elektromagnetische Relais der eingangs bezeichneten Gattung derart auszugestalten, daß das der Ankerdrehung entgegenwirkende Reibungsmoment verringert, bei bistabiler Ausführung das Problem der unerwünschten Mittelstellung weitgegehend beseitigt und bei flexure-Kontakten ein durch Ankerprellen verursachtes Kontaktprellen vermieden wird.The invention is based on the general object of at least partially eliminating disadvantages such as those which occur in comparable electromagnetic relays according to the prior art. A more specific object of the invention can be seen in designing the electromagnetic relay of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that the frictional torque counteracting the armature rotation is reduced, the problem of the undesired center position is largely eliminated in the case of a bistable design, and contact bounce caused by armature bouncing is avoided in flexure contacts .

Die erfindungsgemäße Lösung dieser Aufgabe ist im Kennzeichenteil des Patentanspruchs 1 angegeben. Das danach in der Kopplung zwischen Betätiger und Anker grundsätzlich vorgesehene Spiel bewirkt, daß diejenige Stelle des Betätigers, an dem die Kontaktfeder unter Spannung anliegt, der Kontaktfeder folgen kann, so daß eine Relativbewegung zwischen Betätiger und Kontaktfeder und die daraus resultierende Reibung beseitigt wird. Zwar ergibt sich nun eine Reibung an der Kopplungsstelle zwischen Betätiger und Anker, doch läßt sich diese bei geeigneter Gestaltung der Lagerung wesentlich reduzieren.The inventive solution to this problem is specified in the characterizing part of claim 1. The game then basically provided in the coupling between actuator and armature causes that point of the actuator at which the contact spring is under tension to follow the contact spring, so that a relative movement between the actuator and the contact spring and the resulting friction is eliminated. Although there is now friction at the coupling point between the actuator and the anchor, this can be significantly reduced if the bearing is designed appropriately.

Da das genannte Spiel insbesondere in Bewegungsrichtung des Betätigers vorhanden ist, ergibt sich bei bistabilen Relais im mittleren Bewegungsbereich des Ankers ein Bereich, in dem der Betätiger durch die einander entgegengerichteten Kontaktfederkräfte gehalten wird und der Anker ohne den Betätiger und damit ohne die von den Kontaktfedern und vom Betätiger erzeugten Reibungskräfte denjenigen Punkt überwinden kann, in dem die Magnetkraftlinie durch Null geht. Dadurch wird die Neigung des Ankers, in der neutralen Mittelstellung des Ankers stehen zu bleiben, im wesentlichen beseitigt.Since the above-mentioned play is present in particular in the direction of movement of the actuator, there is a range in bistable relays in the middle range of movement of the armature in which the actuator is held by the opposing contact spring forces and the armature without the actuator and thus without the contact springs and friction forces generated by the actuator can overcome the point at which the magnetic force line passes through zero. This essentially eliminates the tendency of the armature to remain in the neutral center position of the armature.

Das erfindungsgemäß vorgesehene Spiel bewirkt schließlich, daß bei flexure-Kontakten Prellbewegungen des Ankers am Anschlag in seiner Endstellung nicht zwangsläufig vom Betätiger mitvollzogen werden und daher nicht unmittelbar zu einem Kontaktprellen führen.The game provided according to the invention finally has the effect that in flexure contacts, bouncing movements of the armature at the stop in its end position are not necessarily carried out by the actuator and therefore do not lead directly to a contact bounce.

Während man herkömmlicherweise bestrebt war, den Hub des Ankers so gut wie möglich für die Betätigung der beweglichen Kontakte auszunützen, geht nun die Erfindung gerade den entgegengesetzten Weg, bei dem ein Teil der Ankerbewegung als solcher ungenutzt bleibt, um die oben geschilderten wichtigen Vorteile zu erzielen.While efforts have traditionally been made to utilize the stroke of the armature as much as possible for the actuation of the movable contacts, the invention now goes the opposite way, in which part of the armature movement as such remains unused in order to achieve the important advantages described above .

Zwei alternative Ausgestaltungen der spielbehafteten Kopplung zwischen Anker und Betätiger sind in den Ansprüchen 2 und 4 gekennzeichnet, wobei die Ansprüche 3 bzw. 5 insofern vorteilhaft sind, als sie eine abrollende Bewegung zwischen Anker und Betätiger und damit eine besonders reibungsarme Lagerung ergeben. Die Weiterbildung der Erfindung nach Anspruch 6 ist zusätzlich vom Gesichtspunkt der leichten Montage von Vorteil.Two alternative configurations of the coupling with play between armature and actuator are characterized in claims 2 and 4, with claims 3 5 are advantageous in that they result in a rolling movement between the armature and the actuator and thus in a particularly low-friction mounting. The development of the invention according to claim 6 is also advantageous from the point of view of easy assembly.

Bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden nachstehend anhand der Zeichnungen näher erläutert. In den Zeichnungen zeigt

Figur 1
eine teilweise geschnittene Draufsicht auf ein elektromagnetisches Relais mit geschnittener Gehäusekappe,
Figur 2
eine zerlegte Darstellung eines Teils des Ankers und des Betätigers bei dem Relais nach Figur 1,
Figur 3
eine der Figur 1 ähnliche Darstellung eines Relais gemäß einem anderen Ausführungsbeispiel, und
Figur 4
ein Kraft-Weg-Diagramm zur Veranschaulichung der verschiedenen am Anker angreifenden Kräfte.
Preferred exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings. In the drawings shows
Figure 1
a partially cut top view of an electromagnetic relay with cut housing cap,
Figure 2
3 shows a disassembled representation of part of the armature and of the actuator in the relay according to FIG. 1,
Figure 3
a representation similar to Figure 1 of a relay according to another embodiment, and
Figure 4
a force-displacement diagram to illustrate the various forces acting on the anchor.

Das in Figur 1 gezeigte polarisierte elektromagnetische Relais mit bistabilem Schaltverhalten weist einen um einen zentrischen Zapfen 10 schwenkbar gelagerten, im wesentlichen H-förmigen Anker 11 auf, der zwei parallel verlaufende Polplatten 12 und einen dazwischen angeordneten Dauermagnet 13 enthält. Die Polplatten 12 und der Dauermagnet 13 werden von einer Kunststoff-Ummantelung 14 zusammengehalten. Zwischen den paarweise einander zugewandten Enden der Polplatten 12 befinden sich die nach oben ragenden Schenkel 15 eines im wesentlichen U-förmigen Jochs, dessen mittlerer Steg eine unter dem Anker 11 angeordnete (in Figur 1 nicht sichtbare) Spule durchsetzt. Auf beiden Längsseiten des Ankers 11 sind jeweils zwei im wesentlichen parallel zum Anker 11 verlaufende Kontaktfedern 17 angeordnet, die mit ihren inneren Enden jeweils an einem Kontaktanschluß 18 befestigt sind und an ihrem äußeren Ende jeweils ein mit einem Festkontakt 19 zusammenarbeitendes Kontaktstück 20 tragen. Die an jedem Ende des Ankers 11 einander gegenüberliegenden Kontaktfedern 17 werden gemeinsam über einen Betätiger 21 betätigt.The polarized electromagnetic relay shown in FIG. 1 with bistable switching behavior has an essentially H-shaped armature 11 which is pivotably mounted about a central pin 10 and which contains two parallel pole plates 12 and a permanent magnet 13 arranged between them. The pole plates 12 and the permanent magnet 13 are held together by a plastic sheath 14. Between the ends of the pole plates 12 facing each other in pairs are the upwardly projecting legs 15 of an essentially U-shaped yoke, the central web of which passes through a coil arranged under the armature 11 (not visible in FIG. 1). Arranged on both longitudinal sides of the armature 11 are two contact springs 17 which run essentially parallel to the armature 11 and which are each fastened with their inner ends to a contact connection 18 and at their outer end each carry a contact piece 20 which cooperates with a fixed contact 19. The opposite at each end of the armature 11 Contact springs 17 are actuated together via an actuator 21.

Wie aus Figur 2 ersichtlich, ist der Betätiger 21 im wesentlichen E-förmig gestaltet und greift mit einem mittleren Stift 22 mit kreisrundem Querschnitt in eine in der Kunststoff-Ummantelung 14 vorgesehene Öffnung 23 mit ebenfalls kreisrundem Querschnitt ein, wobei die Öffnung 23 einen etwas größeren Durchmesser hat als der Stift 22. Die Achse des Stiftes 22 und diejenige der Öffnung 23 verlaufen parallel zur Achse des den Anker 11 lagernden Zapfens 10 und damit senkrecht zur Längserstreckung des Ankers 11 und senkrecht zur Bewegungsrichtung des Betätigers 21. Die äußeren Schenkel 24 des Betätigers 21 sind an ihren Außenflächen jeweils um Achsen gewölbt, die parallel zur Achse des Stiftes 22 verlaufen. Der Betätiger 21 ist einstückig aus Kunststoff gefertigt.As can be seen from FIG. 2, the actuator 21 is essentially E-shaped and, with a central pin 22 with a circular cross section, engages in an opening 23 provided in the plastic casing 14, also with a circular cross section, the opening 23 being a somewhat larger one The pin 22 has a diameter. The axis of the pin 22 and that of the opening 23 run parallel to the axis of the pin 10 supporting the armature 11 and thus perpendicular to the longitudinal extension of the armature 11 and perpendicular to the direction of movement of the actuator 21. The outer legs 24 of the actuator 21 are curved on their outer surfaces about axes that run parallel to the axis of the pin 22. The actuator 21 is made in one piece from plastic.

In Figur 1 ist der Anker 11 in seiner einen Endstellung gezeigt, bei der die gemäß Figur 1 linke obere Kontaktfeder 17 (und entsprechend die rechte untere Kontaktfeder) in ihrer Schließstellung steht und mit ihrer eigenen Vorspannung gegen den Festkontakt 19 drückt, von dem entsprechenden Ende des Betätigers 21 dagegen nicht berührt wird, während die rechte obere Kontaktfeder 17 (und entsprechend die linke untere Kontaktfeder) von dem ihr zugewandten Ende des Betätigers 21 in ihre Öffnungsstellung gedrückt wird, in der sie von dem Festkontakt 19 abgehoben ist. Wird nun der Anker 11 durch Erregung der Spule gegen den Uhrzeigersinn in seine andere Endstellung verschwenkt, so wird der gemäß Figur 1 obere Betätiger 21 zunächst durch die Vorspannung der rechten oberen Kontaktfeder 17 nach links geführt, bis das linke Ende des Betätigers 21 die linke obere Kontaktfeder 17 berührt. Dieser Bewegungsbereich ist in dem Diagramm nach Figur 4 mit a bezeichnet. Bei weiterer Verschwenkung des Ankers 11 wird die Vorspannung der linken oberen Kontaktfeder 17 überwunden, bis die Kontaktfeder von ihrem Festkontakt 19 abhebt, wobei dieser Bewegungsbereich in Figur 4 mit b bezeichnet ist. Der Betätiger 21 wird nun noch ein Stück weiterbewegt, bis die von den beiden oberen Federn 17 aufgebrachten Kräfte einander gleich sind. Dieser dritte Bewegungsbereich ist in Figur 4 mit c bezeichnet. Innerhalb der Bewegungsbereiche a, b und c liegt der Stift 22 des Betätigers 21 in der in Figur 1 gezeigten Stellung an der Innenwand der Bohrung 23 im Anker an. Bei Weiterverschwenkung des Ankers 11 bleibt der Betätiger 21 stehen, bis das zwischen dem Stift 22 und der Bohrung 23 vorhandene Spiel überwunden ist (Bereich d in Figur 4). Anschließend wird der Betätiger 21 vom Anker 11 mitgenommen, wobei am Ende des in Figur 4 gezeigten Bewegungsbereiches e die rechte obere Kontaktfeder 17 an ihrem Festkontakt 19 zur Anlage kommt, am Ende des Bewegungsbereiches f der Betätiger 21 sich von der rechten oberen Kontaktfeder 17 löst, und am Ende des Bewegungsbereiches g die andere Endstellung des Ankers 11 erreicht ist.In Figure 1, the armature 11 is shown in its one end position, in which the left upper contact spring 17 (and accordingly the right lower contact spring) is in its closed position and presses with its own bias against the fixed contact 19, from the corresponding end the actuator 21, on the other hand, is not touched while the right upper contact spring 17 (and correspondingly the left lower contact spring) is pressed by the end of the actuator 21 facing it into its open position, in which it is lifted off the fixed contact 19. If the armature 11 is now pivoted counterclockwise into its other end position by excitation of the coil, the upper actuator 21 according to FIG. 1 is first guided to the left by the pretensioning of the upper right contact spring 17 until the left end of the actuator 21 is the upper left Contact spring 17 touches. This range of movement is designated by a in the diagram according to FIG. With further pivoting the armature 11, the bias of the left upper contact spring 17 is overcome until the contact spring lifts from its fixed contact 19, this range of movement being designated by b in FIG. The actuator 21 is now moved a little further until the forces exerted by the two upper springs 17 are equal to one another. This third range of movement is designated by c in FIG. Within the movement ranges a, b and c, the pin 22 of the actuator 21 lies against the inner wall of the bore 23 in the armature in the position shown in FIG. 1. When the armature 11 is pivoted further, the actuator 21 remains stationary until the clearance between the pin 22 and the bore 23 has been overcome (area d in FIG. 4). Subsequently, the actuator 21 is carried by the armature 11, the right upper contact spring 17 coming into contact with its fixed contact 19 at the end of the range of motion e shown in FIG. 4, at the end of the range of motion f the actuator 21 detaches from the right top contact spring 17, and at the end of the movement range g the other end position of the armature 11 is reached.

Wie vorstehend erläutert, findet innerhalb des mittleren Bereiches d des Ankerhubes wegen des Spiels zwischen dem Stift 22 und der Öffnung 23 keine Mitnahme des Betätigers 21 statt, so daß sich der Anker 11 allein bewegt und keinerlei durch Federkräfte hervorgerufene Reibungskräfte oder Reibungsmomente an ihm angreifen. Daher kommen in diesem Bereich die in Figur 4 mit ausgezogener Linie dargestellten Magnetkräfte voll zur Geltung, was bedeutet, daß die Ankerstellkraft beiderseits des Nulldurchgangs zunächst ohne Verminderung durch Feder- oder Reibungskräfte verhältnismäßig rasch ansteigt. Beiderseits der Mittelstellung greifen am Anker somit rasch wachsende Kräfte an, die den Anker in die betreffende Endstellung ziehen. Dadurch ist die Gefahr, daß der Anker in der Mittelstellung stehen bleibt, im wesentlichen beseitigt.As explained above, there is no entrainment of the actuator 21 within the central region d of the armature stroke because of the play between the pin 22 and the opening 23, so that the armature 11 moves alone and no frictional forces or moments of friction caused by spring forces act on it. Therefore, the magnetic forces shown in solid lines in FIG. 4 come into their own in this area, which means that the armature actuating force on both sides of the zero crossing initially increases relatively quickly without being reduced by spring or frictional forces. On both sides of the middle position, rapidly growing forces act on the armature and pull the armature into the relevant end position. This substantially eliminates the risk of the armature remaining in the central position.

Bei der Umschaltbewegung des Ankers wird der Mitnehmer 21 nicht mit dem Anker 11 um den Zapfen 10 geschwenkt, sondern durch die an ihm jeweils anliegende Kontaktfeder bzw.-federn 17 im wesentlichen in seiner eigenen Längsrichtung verschoben, wobei Relativbewegungen zwischen den Kontaktfedern 17 und dem Betätiger 21 unterbleiben. Die bei herkömmlichen Relais in diesen Berührungsstellen stattfindende Gleitreibung tritt bei dem hier beschriebenen Relais nicht auf. Zwar tritt eine Reibung an der Lagerstelle zwischen dem Stift 22 und der Öffnung 23 auf, doch handelt es sich hier wegen der kreisförmigen Gestaltung eher um eine rollende Reibung, die ohnehin geringer ist als eine Gleitreibung. Dazu kommt, daß der Hebel, unter dem die Reibungskraft ein Drehmoment am Anker ausübt, nur gleich dem Radius des Stiftes 22 ist, nicht dagegen gleich dem Abstand der Kontaktfeder 17 von der Mittelachse des Ankers, wie dies bei mit dem Anker fest verbundenen Mitnehmer der Fall wäre. Das so verringerte Reibungsmoment bedeutet in Figur 4, daß der Bereich zwischen den beiden dünnen ausgezogenen Linien, die zu beiden Seiten der strichpunktierten Federkennlinie eingezeichnet sind, schmal ist. Auch dies führt dazu, daß der mittlere Bewegungsbereich des Ankers, in dem die Magnetkräfte unvermindert an ihm angreifen, möglichst breit wird.During the switching movement of the armature, the driver 21 is not pivoted with the armature 11 around the pin 10, but rather by the contact spring or springs 17 resting against it essentially displaced in its own longitudinal direction, relative movements between the contact springs 17 and the actuator 21 being omitted. The sliding friction taking place in conventional relays in these contact points does not occur in the relay described here. Although there is friction at the bearing point between the pin 22 and the opening 23, this is due to the circular design rather a rolling friction, which is less than sliding friction anyway. In addition, the lever under which the frictional force exerts a torque on the armature is only equal to the radius of the pin 22, but not the same as the distance of the contact spring 17 from the central axis of the armature, as is the case with the driver of the armature firmly connected Would be the case. The friction torque thus reduced means in FIG. 4 that the area between the two thin solid lines, which are drawn on both sides of the dash-dotted spring characteristic, is narrow. This also leads to the fact that the central range of movement of the armature, in which the magnetic forces continue to act on it, becomes as wide as possible.

Das in Figur 3 gezeigte bistabile elektromagnetische Relais weist einen eine Spule 30 durchsetzenden stabförmigen Anker 31 auf, der um einen an seinem in Figur 3 unteren Ende befindlichen Drehpunkt schwenkbar gelagert ist. Das obere Ende des Ankers ist zwischen den oberen Enden zweier Polplatten 32 hin- und herbewegbar, zwischen denen ein in Figur 3 nicht sichtbarer Dauermagnet angeordnet ist. Zu beiden Seiten der Spule 30 und des Ankers 31 ist ein Paar von Kontaktfedern 37a, 37b angeordnet, die an ihrem unteren Ende jeweils an einem Kontaktanschluß 38 befestigt sind. An den oberen freien Enden der Kontaktfedern 37a, 37b sind jeweils mit Festkontakten 39a, 39b zusammenarbeitende Kontaktstücke 40 angebracht. Die Bewegung des Ankers 31 auf die Kontaktfedern 37a, 37b wird über einen Betätiger 41 übertragen, wobei die Kontaktfedern 37a, 37b in Aussparungen 44 des Betätigers 41 eingefügt sind. Die Kontaktfedern 37a, 37b jedes Paares sind dabei derart gegeneinander vorgespannt, daß sie federnd an den Begrenzungswänden der jeweiligen Aussparung 44 anliegen. Jede Kontaktfeder 37a, 37b, bildet mit dem zugehörigen Festkontakt 39a, 39b im ersten Teil der Kontakt-Schließbewegung ebenso wie bei dem Relais nach Figur 1 einen lift-off-Kontakt, im zweiten und letzten Teil der Kontakt-Schließbewegung dagegen einen flexure-Kontakt, wobei der Kontaktdruck durch den Betätiger über die jeweils andere Kontaktfeder verstärkt wird.The bistable electromagnetic relay shown in FIG. 3 has a rod-shaped armature 31 passing through a coil 30, which is pivotably mounted about a pivot point located at its lower end in FIG. 3. The upper end of the armature can be moved back and forth between the upper ends of two pole plates 32, between which a permanent magnet (not visible in FIG. 3) is arranged. On both sides of the coil 30 and the armature 31, a pair of contact springs 37a, 37b are arranged, each of which is attached to a contact terminal 38 at its lower end. Contact pieces 40 which cooperate with fixed contacts 39a, 39b are attached to the upper free ends of the contact springs 37a, 37b. The movement of the armature 31 on the contact springs 37a, 37b is controlled by an actuator 41 transferred, wherein the contact springs 37a, 37b are inserted into recesses 44 of the actuator 41. The contact springs 37a, 37b of each pair are biased against each other in such a way that they rest resiliently on the boundary walls of the respective recess 44. Each contact spring 37a, 37b forms a lift-off contact with the associated fixed contact 39a, 39b in the first part of the contact closing movement, just as in the relay according to FIG. 1, but a flexure contact in the second and last part of the contact closing movement , the contact pressure being increased by the actuator via the other contact spring.

Der Betätiger 41 ist mit einer zentrischen Öffnung 43 versehen, die in Bewegungsrichtung des Betätigers 41 größer dimensioniert ist als die Breite des Ankers 31. Dadurch ergibt sich ähnlich wie bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach Figur 1 in der Ankopplung zwischen Anker 31 und Betätiger 41 ein Spiel, das die gleichen Wirkungen hat, wie oben beschrieben.The actuator 41 is provided with a central opening 43 which is dimensioned larger in the direction of movement of the actuator 41 than the width of the armature 31. This results in a play in the coupling between the armature 31 and the actuator 41, similar to the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1, that has the same effects as described above.

Die dem Anker 31 zugewandten Begrenzungsflächen 45 der Öffnung 43 sind jeweils um eine Achse gewölbt, die zur Längserstreckung des Ankers 31 und zur Bewegungsrichtung des Betätigers 41 senkrecht steht. Daher ist der Betätiger 41 gegenüber dem Anker 31 nicht nur in Betätigungsrichtung mit Spiel verschiebbar, sondern auch um den Anker 31 verschwenkbar. Diese Verschwenkbarkeit bedeutet, daß der Betätiger 41 trotz der Drehbewegung des Ankers 31 in seiner Längsrichtung bewegbar ist und daher Relativverschiebungen zwischen dem Betätiger 41 und den Kontaktfedern 37a, 37b vermieden werden. Auch in diesem Fall treten nur Reibungskräfte an der Berührungsstelle zwischen Betätiger 41 und Anker 31 auf, die sich aus der dort stattfindenden Abrollbewegung ergeben und außerdem nur mit einem der halben Breite des Ankers 31 entsprechenden Hebel ein Reibungsmoment erzeugen.The boundary surfaces 45 of the opening 43 facing the armature 31 are each curved around an axis which is perpendicular to the longitudinal extent of the armature 31 and to the direction of movement of the actuator 41. Therefore, the actuator 41 is not only displaceable with play relative to the armature 31, but also pivotable about the armature 31. This pivotability means that the actuator 41 can be moved in its longitudinal direction in spite of the rotary movement of the armature 31 and therefore relative displacements between the actuator 41 and the contact springs 37a, 37b are avoided. In this case too, only frictional forces occur at the point of contact between actuator 41 and armature 31, which result from the rolling movement taking place there and, moreover, only generate a frictional moment with a lever corresponding to half the width of armature 31.

Bezüglich der flexure-Kontakte 37b, 39b ergibt sich bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach Figur 3 noch der oben geschilderte Vorteil, daß selbst dann, wenn der Anker 31 bei Bewegung etwa in die in Figur 3 gezeigte linke Endstellung gelangt und dort am oberen Ende der Polplatte 32 anstößt, die daraus resultierenden Prellbewegungen wegen des zwischen Anker 31 und Betätiger 41 vorhandenen Spiels nicht unbedingt auf die linken Kontaktfedern 37a, 37b übertragen werden und daher kein Kontaktprellen zwischen der linken Kontaktfeder 37b und dem zugehörigen Festkontakt 39b bewirken, was bei starrer Verbindung zwischen Anker 31 und Betätiger 41 bzw. bei einer Anformung des Betätigers am Anker nach dem Stand der Technik der Fall wäre.With regard to the flexure contacts 37b, 39b, the embodiment described in FIG. 3 also has the advantage described above that even when the armature 31 moves approximately into the left end position shown in FIG arrives and abuts there at the upper end of the pole plate 32, the resulting bouncing movements are not necessarily transmitted to the left contact springs 37a, 37b because of the play present between the armature 31 and the actuator 41 and therefore no contact bounce between the left contact spring 37b and the associated fixed contact 39b effect what would be the case with a rigid connection between armature 31 and actuator 41 or if the actuator was molded onto the armature according to the prior art.

Claims (6)

  1. An electromagnetic relay comprising an elongate armature (11; 31) adapted to be pivoted by the magnetic flux of a coil (30) between two end positions, and a contact spring (17; 37) adapted to be moved relative to a fixed contact (19; 39) by the armature via an actuator (21; 41), the contact spring extending substantially parallel to the armature (11; 31) and resiliently abutting the actuator (21; 41) in one end position and during part of the armature movement, characterised in that the actuator (21; 41) is coupled to the armature (11; 41) with a play which is effective particularly in the direction of actuator movement.
  2. The relay of claim 1, characterised in that the actuator (21) has a pin (22) extending transversely of the direction of movement and engaging an opening (23) provided in the armature (11), and that the opening (23) has a larger dimension in the direction of movement than the pin (22).
  3. The relay of claim 2, characterised in that the pin (22) has a circular cross-section and the opening (23) has a larger diameter in the direction of movement than the pin (22).
  4. The relay of claim 1, characterised in that the armature (31) passes through an opening (43) provided in the actuator (41), and that the opening (43) has a larger dimension in the direction of movement than the portion of the armature (31) passing through the opening.
  5. The relay of claim 4, characterised in that the limiting surfaces (45) of the opening (43) facing the armature (31) in the direction of the movement are curved about an axis perpendicular to the direction of movement and to the longitudinal direction of the armature (31).
  6. The relay of any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the actuator (21; 41) is adapted to be attached to the armature (11; 31) in a direction extending transversely of the direction of movement and of the longitudinal direction of the armature (11; 31).
EP86106908A 1985-05-29 1986-05-21 Electromagnetic relay Expired - Lifetime EP0203515B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86106908T ATE64038T1 (en) 1985-05-29 1986-05-21 ELECTROMAGNETIC RELAY.

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

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DE3519256 1985-05-29
DE3519256 1985-05-29
DE3520773A DE3520773C1 (en) 1985-05-29 1985-06-10 Electromagnetic relay
DE3520773 1985-06-10

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EP0203515A2 EP0203515A2 (en) 1986-12-03
EP0203515A3 EP0203515A3 (en) 1989-03-22
EP0203515B1 true EP0203515B1 (en) 1991-05-29

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DE (2) DE3520773C1 (en)

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DE9016328U1 (en) * 1990-11-30 1992-04-02 Euro-Matsushita Electric Works Ag, 8150 Holzkirchen, De
US5248951A (en) * 1992-01-15 1993-09-28 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Remote controlled relay
DE4208164A1 (en) * 1992-03-13 1993-09-16 Siemens Ag POLARIZED ELECTROMAGNETIC RELAY
DE19606884C1 (en) * 1996-02-23 1997-04-30 Schrack Components Ag Electromagnetic relay e.g. for electromagnetic switch drive
DE19606883C1 (en) * 1996-02-23 1997-04-30 Schrack Components Ag Electromagnetic relay with combined contact- and reset-spring
US7659800B2 (en) * 2007-08-01 2010-02-09 Philipp Gruner Electromagnetic relay assembly
US8514040B2 (en) 2011-02-11 2013-08-20 Clodi, L.L.C. Bi-stable electromagnetic relay with x-drive motor
CN202650990U (en) * 2012-07-02 2013-01-02 宁波福特继电器有限公司 Miniature high power magnetic latching relay
JP5835510B1 (en) * 2014-11-10 2015-12-24 オムロン株式会社 relay
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JP6414019B2 (en) * 2015-10-29 2018-10-31 オムロン株式会社 relay
JP6458705B2 (en) 2015-10-29 2019-01-30 オムロン株式会社 relay
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4743877A (en) 1988-05-10
EP0203515A3 (en) 1989-03-22
DE3520773C1 (en) 1989-07-20
DE3679448D1 (en) 1991-07-04
EP0203515A2 (en) 1986-12-03

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