Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
  • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
  • B02C19/00—Other disintegrating devices or methods
  • B02C19/20—Disintegrating by grating

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a comminution machine according to the preamble of claim 1.
• Such shredding machines are used to shred soft to medium-hard shredded material.
• a self-contained working cylinder which is usually made of stainless steel, is provided with shredding holes.
• This relative rotation can be caused on the one hand by rotating tools when the working cylinder is at a standstill and by a rotating working cylinder on the other hand when tools are at a standstill.
• working cylinders and tools can rotate in opposite directions for themselves and each other. During this relative rotation, the material to be shredded is displaced by the tools in the direction of the inner wall of the working cylinder, where it is shredded by the shredding holes as intended.
• Comminution machines of this type can run in batch mode on the one hand and be integrated in a stationary or quasi-stationary process on the other hand.
• the machine housing of the shredding machine is integrated between a feed channel and a discharge channel.
• the feed channel can consist, for example, of a filling funnel or the like, while in the case of stationary or quasi-stationary processes a continuous material flow is fed to the comminution machine via the feed channel.
• Such crushing machines also require occasional cleaning or maintenance.
• friction shredders have become known in which the direction of the axle shaft on which the tools are fastened and the axial direction of the working cylinder are vertical. This means that working cylinders and tools can only be removed vertically from the machine housing, so that the supply and discharge channels must also be dismantled.
• nibblers have become known, with which tubers and agglomerates can be dissolved.
• the working principle here is based on cutting and grating, the working cylinders of such nibblers are usually not self-contained.
• nibblers are also primarily used for the granulation of goods that are present in the form of tubers, clods and agglomerates before the process step.
• sieving machines have become known in which the sieve is straight-cylindrical and has rotating tools on the inside. This device is used only for the sieving of predetermined grain sizes, the material to be sieved being transported into the interior of the sieve by means of screw conveyors or the like provided for this purpose.
• the wing-like tools are also exactly radial with respect to the axis of rotation parallel to the surface lines of the screen cylinder, since it is particularly important that the material to be screened is pushed freely.
• the known crushers which are also known under the term grater to develop so that one hand is possible, the installation in a manufacturing chain 'and on the other hand a fast and problem-free change of the working cylinder and tools possible.
• the invention solves this problem with the features of the main claim.
• the advantage of the invention is that the installation and removal of tools and working cylinders is possible at any time and without additional disassembly, even with "inline” comminution machines built into a production chain.
• This advantage is achieved by a combination of features, according to which the direction of the axle shaft and the axial direction of the working cylinder initially differ from the vertical.
• the feed channel is essential to attach the feed channel to an end opening of the working cylinder so that the material to be processed can get into the working cylinder under the influence of gravity.
• the shredded material must be removed via a discharge channel that is connected to the lower half cylinder of the working cylinder.
• the other front opening of the working cylinder can be closed off by a freely accessible cover, the diameter of which is at least as large as the largest diameter of the working cylinder.
• the cover thus closes the opening in the machine housing provided for assembly and disassembly, and no other functional drive parts or the like are connected to the cover. This can be done with the cover removed. pull out the working cylinder in the direction of the cover opening.
• the cover is completely freely accessible on this side of the machine housing. It is clamped in a suitable manner over the machine frame, for example through an annular screw flange, and hermetically seals the working area of the shredding machine, so to speak.
• the axle shaft from the side of the supply channel to Incoming route at most up to the inner wall of the lid heranrei ⁇ chen, but not penetrate it.
• a floating axle shaft is preferred, but a simple mounting for the axle shaft in the cover should be included, at least as long as the axle shaft does not pierce the lid.
• the rotary drive for the axle shaft must therefore be placed on the feed channel side.
• the cover is used only to close off the work area and not as a machine frame for carrying out or storing shaft parts or the like.
• the lid thus takes on the double function of fixing the mechanically stressed working cylinder beyond the hermetic sealing of the working area in such a way that the tools rotating relative to it always have the same wall distance from the working cylinder.
• the associated rotating loads in particular in the area of the lower surface lines of the working cylinder, can be transferred into the machine housing by means of suitable centering devices.
• the centering should encompass the entire circumference of the working cylinder. This results in an extremely rigid, at least two-dimensional clamping, which reliably prevents local deflection of the working cylinder under the pressure of the tools.
• the working cylinder can be rotatably supported in its centerings and to be set in a driven rotary movement. In this way, the relative movement between the working cylinder and tools is caused.
• the rotary drive for the working cylinder should be attached to the machine frame where it does not hinder the free removal of the cover.
• the rotary drive can be implemented in the form of a suitable positive-locking gear, for example by means of gearwheels, one of which is located on the drive motor and the other of which is located on the outer circumference of the working cylinder.
• a stationary working cylinder within which the tools move in rotation offers the advantage of the lowest construction effort and should be the most cost-effective variant when using the very low-wear stainless steel walls from which such working cylinders usually consist.
• the axle shaft should be practically stepless there and in the adjoining work area.
• the rotary entrainment of the tools can be ensured via suitable form-fitting connections. Exemplary embodiments are given for this.
• a separate rotor can expediently be used to hold the tools, which is connected to the axle shaft in a torque-proof manner via a feather key.
• the tight fit between the rotor bore and the outer diameter of the axle shaft ensures a dirt-free connection joint, in whose roughly central axial area the feather key is also arranged.
• a further simplified design is achieved by floating mounting of the axle shaft on the side of the feed channel.
• the cover serves as the exclusive closure part for closing the working space and can therefore be designed as a flat plate.
• the cover represents an annular screw flange, which is screwed flat in front of the head to an end face of the machine housing.
• the density of the fastening screws i.e. their mutual circumferential distance, depends on the respective force conditions in the work area adjusted so that the lid together with the machine company is a practically one-piece rigid structure.
• the tools with their transverse edge run on the inside of the cover with the smallest possible distance, this ensures deposit-free operation, the tools on the opposite side of the housing expediently also running at the smallest distance on a housing wall located there. The entire working area is thus kept clean on the end face, while the action area between the tools and the working cylinder lies in its lower half cylinder.
• the latter variant offers the additional advantage that a certain axial component of the mixing in the goods is created, which ensures an equalization of the material stress.
• Fig.l a first embodiment of the invention Fig.2 another embodiment of the invention Fig.3 yet another embodiment of the invention
• FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of the invention with intermediate gear Fig.5 supervision of the embodiment according to Fig.4 from the VV viewing direction. Unless otherwise stated below, the following description always applies to all figures.
• the figures show a shredding machine 1 for shredding soft to medium-hard shredded material 2.
• Comminution machines of this type are required in the pharmaceutical, food, chemical and cosmetic industries. They are used, for example, to crush agglomerates from centrifuges. Coarse-grained, elastic or sticky materials are thus reduced to a desired grain size and then fed to mixers, dryers or the like. The processing also loosens powdery or glued materials. At the same time, moist or dry products can be homogenized to an optimal grain size.
• the main goal is to optimize the products and process properties of the materials to be shredded with a view to further processing.
• the centerpiece of this shredding machine is a self-contained working cylinder 4 with a circular cross section, which in most cases consists of stainless steel and in each case has shredding holes 5.
• the wall thickness of the material is so thick that an overall very rigid cage is formed, which is installed in a stationary manner with respect to the machine housing 3.
• the material thickness of the working cylinder therefore ensures an iron-rigid structure within which the tools 6 are located.
• the tools 6 and the working cylinder 4 rotate relative to one another, so that in the area of the wall of the working cylinder 4 there is a shearing movement between the tools 6 and the comminution holes 5, where the comminution material 2 is ultimately comminuted.
• the axis shaft 7, around which the tools 6 rotate, is in principle coaxial to the longitudinal axis of the working cylinder 4 so that the rotation of the tools eg envelops a cylinder which is concentric with the working cylinder 4 and which is at a small distance 10 from the inner wall of the working cylinder 4 ,
• the distance 10 between the tools 6 and the inner wall of the working cylinder 4 therefore takes a value between 0 and a few millimeters. As a guideline, the distance should at most correspond to the diameter of the shredding holes 5 at which the shredded material 2 is sheared off.
• the shredding holes 5 can be designed as a round hole, friction hole or square hole. In this way, the suitability of the shredding machine for almost all tasks is ensured.
• the tools 6 are inclined with their outer edges 11 against the relative direction of rotation 33 or 34, which results from the rotary movement (s) of the working cylinder 4 or tools 6.
• the machine housing 3 of this comminution machine 1 is connected between a feed duct 13 and a discharge duct 14 to a duct system, which in the simplest case consists of a hopper on the feed duct 13 and a discharge duct on the discharge duct 14.
• the relevant angle of inclination 12 is greater than zero degrees and less than
• the front opening 17 of the working cylinder is connected to the feed channel 13. Therefore, the comminution material 2 falls directly into the comminution chamber, which is enclosed by the interior of the working cylinder 4.
• the lower half cylinder 20 of the working cylinder 4 is connected to the discharge duct 14, so that the comminuted material can fall downward out of the machine housing 3 on its material conveying path 19 predetermined by gravity 18.
• the other front opening 21 of the working cylinder is closed off by a freely accessible cover 22 and this cover 22 covers an opening 21 in the machine frame 3, the diameter 23 of which is at least as large as the largest diameter 24 of the working cylinder 4.
• axle shaft 7 comes from the side of the feed channel 13 at most to the inner wall 25 of the cover 22, but does not push through the cover 22.
• the cover therefore offers a constructive closure of the machine frame on that side of the comminution chamber on which no structural bearings, drive positions etc. are provided.
• the cover can therefore be removed by simply loosening the screws 26 from the machine housing in order to be able to subsequently remove the working cylinder 4 and, if appropriate, the tools 6.
• the cover 22 closes a diameter 23 of the opening in the machine housing 3, which is at least as large as the largest diameter 24 of the working cylinder, so that it can be easily removed from the interior of the machine housing 3 as soon as the cover has been unscrewed.
• FIGS. 1 to 3 show that one end of the working cylinder 4 is seated in a centering device 27, which is provided in a stationary manner on the machine housing 3.
• the centering device 27 is seated in the area of the inlet opening of the feed channel 13 into the machine housing.
• the other end of the working cylinder 4 is fixed in a corresponding centering device 28, which is located directly on the cover 22.
• an axial distance is established between the centering devices 27 and 28, which is essentially the axial length of the working cylinder 4 corresponds, so that with the assembly of the cover 22, the axial fixation of the working cylinder 4 is created.
• a stationary working cylinder 4 is shown. Since the comminution material 2 is conveyed essentially under the influence of gravity, there will always be a certain accumulation of material in the area of the lower surface line 40, so that the zone of greatest material stress between the working cylinder 4 and tools 6 will also lie here.
• a centering device which engages the entire circumference of the working cylinder, also fulfills the requirement for minimized dead space and thus reliably prevents unnecessary material accumulation.
• FIG. 3 shows a further development in which the centering devices 27 and 28 are seated in pivot bearings 29 and 30, respectively, so that the installed and axially fixed working cylinder 4 can rotate within the pivot bearings 29 and 30, respectively.
• An external rotary drive 31, which acts on the circumference of the working cylinder 4, is used for this purpose.
• the positive drive takes place here via a gear / pinion pairing, the gear sitting on the circumference of the working cylinder 4 and having an outside diameter that is not greater than the diameter 23 of the cover-side opening in the machine frame 3.
• the external rotary drive 31 of the working cylinder 4 leaves the mountability of the cover 22 unaffected.
• the external rotary drive 31 is attached to the machine frame 3 in the longitudinal region of the working cylinder 4 and has no connection to the cover 22.
• the direction of rotation 33 of the working cylinder 4 results from the angular position of the tools 6, the direction of rotation in the gusset between the wing 9 serving as the tool and the inner wall of the working cylinder 4 being decisive.
• This measure serves on the one hand to avoid locally limited wear of the working cylinder 4 in the region of its lower surface line 40 and at the same time to increase its processing speed, since the relative speed between the inner wall of the working cylinder 4 and the outer edge 11 of the wing 9 is increased.
• a structurally very simple solution is shown in FIGS. 1 to 2 and 4 to 5.
• An external rotary drive 32 which is anchored relative to the machine frame 3, serves as the drive.
• the drive 32 sits on the side of the machine frame 3 facing the feed channel 13, so that the axle shaft 7 penetrates the feed channel 13.
• axle shaft 7 in the area of the feed channel 13 is free of shaft deposits in order to prevent the accumulation of material.
• the tools 6 are wing-shaped and are seated on the circumference of a separate rotor 8 which is connected to the axle shaft 7 in a torque-proof manner via a feather key 35.
• the rotor 8 can perform a compensating movement within the machine housing 3 in the axial direction, while on the other hand it has to follow the rotational movement of the axle shaft 7.
• the rotor has a longitudinal groove which is adapted to the width of the feather key 35 so that the rotor can ride on the axle shaft 7 in the axial direction. It adjusts itself so that the wings 9 fit exactly between their cover-side transverse edge 36 and their machine frame-side transverse edge 35 within the work space.
• the system consisting of the axle shaft, rotor and vanes and work area is free of constraints. and settles in a practically force-free position, so to speak, without wear.
• axle shaft 7 be overhung outside the feed channel on the side facing the external rotary drive 32. Storage of the system on the cover 22 is not required.
• the exemplary embodiments shown also show that the cover 22 is screwed flat with an end face 38 in front of the head to an associated surface of the machine housing.
• the tools 6 can therefore run with their transverse edges 36 on the inner surface of the cover 22 while avoiding surface contact with the smallest possible distance.
• This measure serves to avoid deposits, since the overflow zones of the tools 6 are always scraped free.
• a flat housing wall 39 is provided on the side of the machine frame 3 opposite the cover 22, on which the opposite transverse edges 37 of the tools 6 run at the smallest possible distance avoiding surface contact.
• the working cylinder is straight cylindrical in all exemplary embodiments.
• the invention is also intended to include embodiments whose working cylinder 4 is conical.
• a working cylinder 4 is aligned so that the lower surface line 40 is horizontal or is inclined at an angle of less than about 30 degrees to the horizontal.
• Shredder shredded machine frame, machine housing working cylinder shredding holes tools axle shaft rotor wing distance working cylinder wing outer edge inclination angle feed channel discharge channel direction of 4 or 7 vertical first front opening gravity material conveying path lower half cylinder second front opening cover diameter of the opening size diameter of the working cylinder inner housing centering device of the cover device in the cover pivot bearing of 27 pivot bearing of 28 external rotary drive of the working cylinder external rotary drive of the tools direction of rotation of 4 direction of rotation of 6 parallel key cover-side transverse edge of machine frame-side transverse edge end face of the cover flat housing wall of the machine frame lower surface line

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Food Science & Technology (AREA)
• Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
• Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)

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• 1999
  • 1999-09-11 DE DE19943518A patent/DE19943518B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2000
  • 2000-08-05 AT AT00953160T patent/ATE270152T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2000-08-05 DE DE50006975T patent/DE50006975D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2000-08-05 EP EP00953160A patent/EP1210178B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2000-08-05 WO PCT/EP2000/007612 patent/WO2001019524A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2000-08-05 US US10/088,029 patent/US7108210B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related

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